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Martín-Contreras, Elvira. "A New List of Words that Occur Twice with Two Different Meanings Found in the Leningrad Codex B19a." Textus 29, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589255x-02901001.
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Abstract This article presents the edition and study of a new list of words that occur twice with two meanings discovered at the end of the Leningrad Codex B19a. The list is written in a figurative shape and forms one of the designs on the first carpet pages in the manuscript (f. 473v).
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Francisco, Edson de Faria. "Innacurate Realization of Masoretic Annotations from Leningrad Codex B19a to the Biblia Hebraica Series: General Remarks." Cadernos de Língua e Literatura Hebraica, no. 13 (March 9, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-8051.cllh.2015.112009.
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In this article are presented and analyzed some situations of inaccurate realization of masoretic annotations of Leningrad Codex B19a (L) in the Biblia Hebraica series (the Biblia Hebraica [BHK], the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia [BHS] and the Biblia Hebraica Quinta [BHQ]), published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany. Besides these works, in this article are presented and analyzed, likewise, situations of inaccurate realization of annotation from masora magna of the Codex L in the Massorah Gedolah iuxta Codicem Leningradensem B19a, published by Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, Roma, Italy. The BHK, the BHS, the BHQ and the Massorah Gedolah are academic publications based on the Codex L, and each one aiming at being faithful to the masoretic manuscript. In this article are identified situations of inaccuracy and possible corrections are proposed, based on the facsimile edition of Codex L. One of the issues addressed in this article is that the study of the Masorah is of fundamental importance for the current Bible studies and the reproduction of the notes prepared by the masoretes in the medieval period shall be, insofar as possible, faithfully reproduced in modern printed editions.
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GRIGORISHIN, Sergey V., and Ekaterina V. NOVOKRESHCHENNYKH. "CODEX B 19A: STAGES OF LEGITIMATION OF THE MASORET BIBLE ANCIENT EXAMPLE." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 7, no. 1 (2021): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2021-7-1-20-42.
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This article examines the cultural and historical circumstances of the appearance and introduction into the scientific circulation of the oldest manuscript code of the Hebrew Bible — the Leningrad Code B 19A. The authors of the article make an attempt to restore the contextual connections of the Code with Jewish philosophy and biblical textology. The concept of the research is built on the basis of genealogical analysis, which opened up the opportunity to first analyze the stages of legitimation of Codex B 19A that are closest to the present, and then move into the depth of chronology, right up to the moment of creation of the studied text. The result of the study was the identification and explication of internal links between the Codex B 19A, Masoretic schools, Rabbanites, Karaites and, finally, medieval critics of the biblical text. The research methodology is based on the principles of philosophical hermeneutics, the comparative historical approach of the genealogical method as applied to textual criticism. Revealing the cause-and-effect relationship in the legitimization of the Masoretic Bible showed that the need to create a single standard for the sacred text arose already by the middle of the 8th century, the time of the emergence of the Karaite movement. The refusal of the Karaites to submit to the authority of classical rabbinical literature led to a rethinking of the biblical text. Together with the status of the main sacred book, the Bible turned out to be a text around which philological, philosophical and theological discussions became possible. Awareness of the fact that the biblical text has different interpretations led the Rabbanites and Karaites to the conclusion that it was necessary to create a philological standard for the Bible. For this reason, the authority of the Masoretes as specialists in the vocalization of the text, the direct creators of the vocalization system, has sharply increased. The Ben Asher family of Tiberias emerged as the main Masoretic school, and its last representative, Aaron Ben Asher, became the most authoritative Masoretic. Aaron Ben Asher owns the Masorah system introduced in the Aleppo Codex and copied in the Leningrad Codex B 19A. Maimonides was the first among Jewish philosophers to appreciate the textual achievements of Aaron Ben Asher, which significantly raised the authority of the Masoret in rabbinic and Karaite intellectual circles.
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Kwon, Sung-dal. "A Comparative Study on the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex - Focusing on the Syntactic Word with the Difference in ‘Nevi’im’ -." Journal of Biblical Text Research 43 (October 31, 2018): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28977/jbtr.2018.10.43.161.
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Francisco, Edson De Faria. "INNACURATE REALIZATION OF MASORETIC ANNOTATIONS FROM LENINGRAD CODEX B19A TO THE BIBLIA HEBRAICA SERIES: GENERAL REMARKS." Cadernos de Língua e Literatura Hebraica, no. 13 (March 9, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.cllh.2015.112009.
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Neste artigo são apresentadas e analisadas algumas situações de reprodução inexata de anotações massoréticas do Códice de Leningrado B19a (L) na série Biblia Hebraica (a Biblia Hebraica [BHK], a Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia [BHS] e a Biblia Hebraica Quinta [BHQ]), publicada pela Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, de Stuttgart, na Alemanha. Além de tais obras, neste artigo são apresentas e analisadas, também, situações de reprodução inexata de anotações da masora magna do Códice L na obra Massorah Gedolah iuxta Codicem Leningradensem B19a, publicada pelo Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, de Roma, na Itália. A BHK, a BHS, a BHQ e a Massorah Gedolah são publicações acadêmicas baseadas no Códice L, e cada uma à sua maneira, procura ser fiel ao referido manuscrito massorético. No presente artigo são identificas situações de inexatidão e são propostas possíveis correções, tendo por base a edição fac-símile do Códice L. Uma das questões abordadas neste artigo é que o estudo da massorá é de fundamental importância para os estudos bíblicos atuais e a reprodução das anotações elaboradas pelos massoretas no período medieval devem ser, na medida do possível, fielmente reproduzidas em edições impressas modernas.
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Marcus, David. "Does the Yod of נַפְשִׁי in Ps 24:4 Represent a Minuscule Waw?" Textus 27, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589255x-02701005.
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AbstractIn BHS, Ps 24:4 has a reading of נַפְשִׁי “my soul” in a context that logically demands a reading of נַפְשׁוֹ “his soul.” In several manuscripts and in the Rabbinic Bible, there is a kəṯîḇ נפשו “his soul” and a qərê נַפְשִׁי “my soul.” However, some prominent Masoretic scholars, Elias Levita, Solomon Norzi and Solomon Frensdorff, have rejected this qərê reading by suggesting that the yod of נַפְשִׁי is the result of a scribal error, and that it represents a so-called minuscule waw. This article surveys the history of this debate, examines the nature of the minuscule letters, and shows that new evidence in a Genizah fragment and in the Masoretic appendices to the Leningrad Codex offers support for this dissenting opinion. As a result, the best reading in the context would probably be נַפְשׁוֹ.
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McFarlane, Doreen M. "YHWH Elohim: A Survey of Occurrences in the Leningrad Codex and their Corresponding Septuagintal Renderings - By Bruce J. Harvey." Reviews in Religion & Theology 19, no. 4 (September 2012): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9418.2012.01115.x.
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Millard, A. R. "YHWH Elohim. A Survey of Occurrences in the Leningrad Codex and their Corresponding Septuagintal Renderings. By BRUCE J. HARVEY." Journal of Theological Studies 64, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/flt051.
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Litvinova, V. V. "Comparative analysis of social codes of constituent entities of the Russian Federation." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.100.3.151-160.
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The current system of social support for the population is regulated by a large number of federal and regional regulatory legal acts adopted over the past 25 years. This creates both significant problems for beneficiaries (does not allow to quickly focus on what measures of social support and under what conditions they are entitled), as well as certain difficulties for the authorities themselves.During the existence and development of the legal field in the field of social support, not only the terminology has changed, but also the principles and approaches to social protection. There is an objective need to systematize the existing legislation. The subjects of the Russian Federation took the path of codification: Social codes of the Astrakhan, Belgorod, Volgograd, Leningrad, Omsk, Yaroslavl regions and the city of St. Petersburg have already been adopted.The article provides a comparison of the social codes of the regions of Russia according to six criteria: basic concepts, goals and objectives of the code, principles of social legislation, the structure of the code, the presence of formulas for calculations in the text of the code, the limitation of action in time Following the analysis, recommendations were made to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the codification of social legislation.
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Belonogov, Andrey L. "Political Repressions at Leningrad State University." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 4 (2020): 1085–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.404.
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This article analyses socio-biographical characteristics of the Leningrad State University (LGU) teaching staff, subjected to political repressions from 1935 to 1938. It determines the scale of repressions in LGU during the abovementioned period as well as identifies the groups of University teachers who were exposed to the highest risk of being repressed, taking into consideration their social background, party membership, ethnic origin, position in the University ranks, affiliation with a certain faculty or department, and other socio-biographical characteristics. Thus “socio-demographic portrait” of an average LGU teacher subjected to political repressions is formed within the framework of the current study. Apart from that, the article discusses the course of investigation and court proceedings, defining under which paragraph of Article 58 of RSFSR Criminal Code LGU teachers were sued. It specifies to what extent the severity of the verdict depended upon pleading guilty or not guilty by the accused, and upon which judicial or extrajudicial body the case was heard. Evidential basis used by investigators, including physical evidence, denunciations, incriminations and self-incriminations are also examined within this study. The efforts of NKVD to “reclassify” meetings between groups of fellow professors as “counterrevolutionary collusions of terrorists” are also considered in the article. At the same time, the article attempts to estimate the level of physical and psychological pressure to which suspects were exposed in the course of the trial in order to obtain from them the testimony needed for the prosecution. The study also traces the fate of the convicted LGU professors, namely the likelihood of them becoming the victims of subsequent political repressions after serving the sentence.
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Kirejtshuk, A. G., U. Roosileht, and A. V. Kovalev. "First record of the genus Colopterus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Estonia and the designation of a neotype of C. truncatus." Zoosystematica Rossica 30, no. 2 (August 14, 2021): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2021.30.2.169.
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A sap beetle of the genus Colopterus, collected in the Estonian village of Vinni near the border between Estonia and the Leningrad Province, was identified as Colopterus sp. For fixation of the taxonomic interpretation established in the PhD thesis by L.E. Watrous without complying with the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and in order to avoid probable further mistakes, a neotype for C. truncatus (Randall, 1838) is designated.
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Devyatova, O. L. "Cultural Code Of Petersburg in the Musical World of Sergey Slonimsky." Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 27, no. 1 (2021): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2021.27.1.017.
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The article is devoted to the problem of cultural traditions and cultural heritage associated with St. Petersburg and its importance in the culture of Russia. It explores the musical world of the greatest composer of the XX–XXI centuries. Sergei Mikhailovich Slonimsky, a native of St. Petersburg, in whose work and all extensive activities the city on the Neva played a decisive role, becoming a kind of cultural code of his artistic life. These features manifested themselves in the family genetics of the Slonimsky clan, the years of study and work associated with the St. Petersburg Conservatory, in an organic fusion of Westernizing and Slavophil tendencies typical for the culture of St. Petersburg, on the basis of which the musical image of St. Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad) was formed in his work. The conclusion is made about the deep national originality of the musical world of Slonimsky, formed by the universal “code of Petersburg” and which has become a precious heritage of Russian, European and world cultures.
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Suslov, M. V., I. G. Petkevich, and M. A. Uvakin. "Leningrad NPP-2 start-up loss of power test and its simulation with use of KORSAR/GP code." Kerntechnik 84, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/124.190026.
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Miklyaeva, Anastasiya V., Elena K. Veselova, Galina V. Semenova, and Elena V. Bakhvalova. "Ethical Regulation as a Problem-Solving Resource Leading to Participant Interaction in the Educational Process in Terms of Integration and Inclusion." Integration of Education 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.096.023.201903.423-439.
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Introduction. The article is dedicated to analysing the possible ethical regulation of problems that arise during the interaction of participants in the educational process through integration and inclusion (based on the example of teaching children with disabilities and orphaned children in regular schools). The relevance of the article is in its discussion of the trend towards the spread of inclusive and integrative practices in modern Russian education. Materials and Methods. The study was aimed at investigating problems experienced in terms of inclusion and integration in the context of ethical principles of interaction in education. The study involved 391 respondents, all students of regular schools of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast, in which programs of inclusion and/or integration have been put into practice, as well as their parents and teachers. The problems arising in the interaction of subjects of education in the conditions of integration and inclusion were studied by sociometry (characteristics of the position of special children in the system of interpersonal relations with peers in a heterogeneous class), structured interviews (analysis of the teachers’ attitudes to work in heterogeneous classes) and questionnaires (analysis of the parents’ attitude to teaching their children in a heterogeneous class). Interpretation of the results was carried out by comparing the empirical data with the ethical principles fixed in the Model Code of Professional Ethics of Pedagogical Workers, as well as ethical codes adopted by representatives of related professions. Results. During processes of integration and inclusion, a hidden or obvious social exclusion is observed in every part of interaction during the educational process (“student-student”, “student-teacher”, “student-parent”, “parent-teacher”) and is specified by the following characteristics: discrimination and stigmatisation of children with special needs and their parents; exclusion of children with special needs to the fringes of the social system inside their class; intentional or unintentional information disclosure about the child’s health and/or his family status. The ethical principles that are most often violated in the interaction of participants in the educational process (the principle of respect, the principle of competence, the principle of confidentiality) are highlighted. A theoretical comparison of the items that reveal these ethical principles in the professional codes of doctors, social workers, educational psychologists and the Model Code of Professional Ethics of Pedagogical Workers showed that ethical regulation can become a useful resource for resolving moral conflicts that arise in pedagogical interaction. For this, it is necessary to indicate the principles of respect and competence regarding the conditions of an integrated and inclusive education, as well as to develop special content related to the principle of confidentiality. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings contribute to the development of pedagogical deontology and can be used to clarify ethical principles of interaction in ter ms of integration and inclusion in education.
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Danilova, T. I., Yu V. Korneev, D. A. Kudlay, and N. Yu Nikolenko. "Results of treatment with bedaquiline containing regimens of MDR/XDR tuberculosis patients including those with concurrent HIV infection (the experience of Leningrad Region)." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 98, no. 9 (October 26, 2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-9-56-62.
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The effectiveness of tuberculosis control is associated with efficacy of treatment of TB patients and above all patients with multiple and extensive drug resistance (MDR/XDR MTB). Patients with TB/HIV co-infection providethe significant impact on the situation.The objective of the study is to assess outcomes of chemotherapy regimens containing bedaquiline in patients with MDR/XDR TB including those with concurrent HIV infection.Subjects and methods. The efficacy and safety of the regimes containing bedaquiline were assessed in the intensive phase of chemotherapy in 80 patients with MDR/XDR TB: Group1 consisted of 46 patients with negative HIV status (ICD10 code A15-A19); Group 2 – 34 HIV positive patients at the advanced stage with manifestations of a mycobacterial infection (ICD10 code B20.0).Results. Treatment outcomes in the groups were as follows: the effective treatment was statistically significantly more frequent in Group 1 versus Group 2 (80.4 and 52.9%, respectively, p = 0.0088). Treatment failure was registered in 3 patients from each group; treatment defaults were statistically significantly more frequent in Group 2 compared to Group 1: in 8/34 versus 2/46 (p = 0.011). 3 patients were transferred out in both Group 1 and Group 2 (3/46 and 3/34, p = 0.69). During treatment, only 1 patient from Group 2 developed an adverse event, most likely associated with the in-take of bedaquiline, a heart rhythm disorder (ventricular arrhythmia) and prolongation of QTcF > 450 ms.
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Klimenko, N. S., T. A. Gavrilenko, I. G. Chukhina, N. M. Gadzhiev, Z. Z. Evdokimova, and V. A. Lebedeva. "Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred at the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 3, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 18–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2020-3-o3.
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In the present paper, the potato cultivars bred at the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”, were taken as an example for demonstrating the results of elaboration of methodological approaches that are currently developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for the preparing of nomenclatural standards and their genotyping. In 2018, joint research of VIR scientists and breeders from the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka” began in the field of preparing nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred at this institute. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. Plant material for herbarium specimens was collected in the experimental field of the “Belogorka” Institute in 2018 by cultivar authors and handed over to the VIR Herbarium of cultivated plants, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR). The plant material included stems with inflorescences and later - tubers of 21 cultivars which were bred at the “Belogorka” Institute. Two precultivars undergoing State variety testing and three breeding clones were also included in this study. Just before herbarium preparation, the obtained plant material was photographed, plant morphological characters described, and the results compared with the description given in such official documents as the “Cultivar Questionnaireˮ and “Description of selection achievementˮ. The nomenclatural standards of 21 cultivars registered in the VIR Herbarium Database and transferred for conservation to the VIR herbarium, are published in this paper. Before herbarium preparation, the plant material was sampled for DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping and molecular screening. The genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of 10 chromosome-specific microsatellite loci, as well as the data on the presence/absence of diagnostic fragments of 12 markers of the 11 R-genes conferring resistance to diseases and pests, and for some cultivars – the information about their cytoplasm type. These genetic passports are valuable not only because different types of DNA markers were used in their preparing (SSR, SCAR and CAPS markers of the R genes; markers specific to different loci of the nuclear and organelle genomes), but first of all because of the material itself, as the DNA samples were isolated from the plants with the assigned status of nomenclatural standard for each particular cultivar. Based on the genetic passports data, trueness to type of the “Belogorka” cultivar samples obtained from various sources was verified.
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Колодязная, Валентина, Valentina Kolodyaznaya, Ирина Шестопалова, Irina Shestopalova, Елена Кипрушкина, Elena Kiprushkina, Елена Рогозина, Elena Rogozina, Оксана Головинская, and Oksana Golovinskaia. "Biomodification of Ostrich Meat Properties with Collagenase: Optimization of Technological Parameters." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-4-22-29.
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Domestic and international experience confirm the expediency of enzymes in meat industry. Enzymes are used for biomodification proposes when it goes about raw materials with the high-content of connective tissue, e.g. chopped semi-finished products, delicatessen, sausages, etc. Ostrich meat is an advantageous source of functional food products due to its high content of native protein, selenium, magnesium, phosphorus, and group B vitamins and low contents of cholesterol. However, a significant amount of connective tissue makes it rigid. Application of collagenase improves the functional and technological properties of minced meat and product yield. The purpose of the present research was to optimize the technological parameters of fermented ostrich minced meat by the method of multifactorial experiment planning. The ostrich thighs parts were produced on the territory of the Leningrad Region. The authors used the fractional factorial experiment to study the influence of three factors on response functions: the mass fraction of collagenase (C, the coded variable X1), the holding time (τ, the coded variable X2), and the holding temperature (t, the coded variable X3). The values of moisture-holding ability (Y1) and the content of amino nitrogen (Y2) were chosen as response functions. The study had the following parameters of fermentation at the main level and the interval of variation: C0 = 0,04%, ΔC = 0,02%; τ0 = 4 hr, Δτ = 2 hr; t0 = 12o C, Δt = 7oC. The experiment resulted in a matrix of experiment planning and several regression equations, which describe the process in question. The study revealed the optimal technological parameters of minced meat fermentation with collagenase: mass fraction of collagenase was 0.05% while the duration of exposure of minced meat was 4.5 hours at t = 13°C. These technological parameters allowed the authors to obtain minced meat with better organoleptic characteristics and functional and technological properties in comparison with those of the control sample. The obtained fermented minced meat and the selected regimes are recommended for chopped semi-finished products, cooked sausages, and meat-vegetable canned foods.
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Khomutov, Sergey Y., Vladimir A. Sapunov, Alexey Y. Denisov, Pavel B. Borodin, Dmitry V. Kudin, Roman V. Sidorov, Alexey S. Bebnev, et al. "Vector Overhauser magnetometer POS-4: experience and prospects of application." EPJ Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125402018.
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The results of practical use of a POS-4 vector magnetometer, developed by the Research Laboratory of Quantum Magnetometry, UrFU (Yekaterinburg) and based on POS Overhauser sensors, are presented. Continuous measurements by POS-4 have been carried out at the Paratunka observatory (IKIR FEB RAS, Kamchatka) since 2015, were done at the Saint Petersburg observatory (GC RAS / IZMIRAN SPb Branch, Leningrad Region) in 2017-2018 and have been performed at the Arti observatory (Institute of Geophysics, UB RAS, Sverdlovsk Region) since 2020. On the new high-latitude observatory White Sea (IAGA code WSE, GC RAS / MSU, Nikolai Pertsov White Sea Biological Station , Karelia), POS-4 is used as a main variometer for magnetic measurements. In April 2019, the magnetometer was successfully used for field measurements on ice during the TRANSARCTIC expedition in the Barents Sea (AARI, Roshydromet). At the beginning of 2021 IZMIRAN started testing two POS-4 magnetometers at the Moskow observatory. According to the results of field and observatory measurements it was possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the magnetometer and provide the information for its developers for further modernization in order to improve its efficiency and reliability. Many years of experience in POS-4 application determine the areas where its scientific and applied usage will provide important results, for example, for magnetic measurements in the Arctic regions or for monitoring of active zones around volcanoes.
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Luneva, N. N., Ye N. Mysnik, S. M. Yamalov, G. R. Khasanova, and M. V. Lebedeva. "To the syntaxonomy of weed vegetation in the North-West of the Russian Federation." Vegetation of Russia, no. 45 (2022): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2022.45.95.
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The tendency to gradual reduction of crop is observed now in the North-West of the Russian Federation. From 2010 for 2021 the total area under crops in four regions (Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Vologda) has decreased from 1150.7 to 907.5 thousand hectares. Studies of specific structure of weed communities of the North-West of the Russian Federation started in the first decade of the XX century with inspections of crops by A. I. Maltsev in the St. Petersburg region (Maltsev, 1908, 1909). Since the beginning of the XXI the study of weed plants were focused at the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protectionwhere monitoring of crops of the North-West of the Russian Federation (Mysnik, 2012; Luneva, Mysnik, 2016, 2017, Luneva et al., 2009) has became the priority direction. In spite of previous wide floristic researches, the diversity of weed communities of this region is still not established. The first results of the floristic classification of weed vegetation in the North-East of the Russian Federation are presented. The dataset is based on 278 relevés made by N. N. Luneva, I. N. Nadtochiy, E. V. Filippova, T. D. Sokolova, Yu. V. Eroshina for field seasons in 1999–2916. The research area covered Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov and Vologda regions. Data processing was carried out according floristic classification approach (Westhoff, Maarel, 1978), using TWINSPAN algoritm in JUICE software packages (Tichy, 2002). The new syntaxa are named in accordance with the rules of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al., 2021). DCA-ordination using the CANOCO 4.5 software package (Ter Braak, Smilauer, 2002) was produced to identify patterns of environmental differentiation. The habitat moisture and soil richness-salinity scales status of communities (Ramenskiy et al., 1956) was calculated and basic agroclimatic parameters were identified to characterize the ecological variability of habitats. The communities were classified within the order of Aperetalia spica-venti J. Tx. et Tx. in Malato-Beliz et al. 1960 of the class Papaveretea rhoeadis S. Brulo et al. 2001 and were assigned to the alliance Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946), which unites the most mesophytic weed communities distributed mainly on gray forest, sod-podzolic, podzolic and other types of soils of the forest zone. The alliance diagnostic species are Stellaria media, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Thlaspi arvense, Centaurea cyanus. Three species from the diagnostic groups of ruderal vegetation classes are also active in their cenoflora — Elytrigia repens, Viola arvensis, Taraxacum officinale. From the diagnostic group of the Papaveretea rhoeadis class and the order Aperetalia spica-venti with high constancy, species are found Cirsium setosum, Chenopodium album, Sonchus arvensis, less often are Fallopia convolvulus. The group of species of the alliance Scleranthion annui includes Stellaria media, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Thlaspi arvense, Centaurea cyanus. Unlike the weed communities of other regions of the Russian Federation (Khasanova et al., 2021 Yamalov et al., 2021a, b), apophytes are not significantly presented in cenophlora, but such ruderal species as Elytrigia repens, Viola arvensis, Taraxacum officinale are active. The identified associations and communities are different geographically, in terms of crop affinity and the system of agricultural machinery, the type of soils and heat conditions. The most widespread are the communities of the ass. Tussilagi farfarae–Centauretum cyani, which occur in the Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov and Vologda regions. The associations Galeopsetum bifidae (Novgorod, Pskov and Vologda regions) and Lamio purpurei–Persicarietum lapathifolii (Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions) are of slightly smaller range. Syntaxa are differentiated according to the level of habitat heat conditions from the higher (ass. Echinochloo crusgalli–Galietum aparinis, ass. Lamio purpurei–Persicarietum lapathifolii) to the lower (community Fumaria officinalis) ones. Communities of the associations Echinochloo crusgalli–Galietum aparinis and Lamio purpurei-Persicarietum lapathifolii are formed on swamp, peat and podzolic-swamp soils. The community Polygonum aviculare and the ass. Mentho arvensi–Sonchetum arvensis are formed on weakly and medium-podzolic, as well as sod-podzolic soils. The other syntaxa are confined to sod-carbonate soils. According to the spectrum of crop, syntaxa were distributed as follows: associations Echinochloo crusgalli–Galietum aparinis, Mentho arvensis–Sonchetum arvensis, Lamio purpurei–Persicarietum lapathifolii and the community Polygonum aviculare occur mainly on fields with vegetable crops (potatoes, carrots, cabbage, beets, etc.); Tussilagi farfarae–Centauretum cyani, Galeopsetum bifidae, the communities of Fumaria officinalis and Achillea millefolium — on grain crops (barley, oats, rye, triticale and wheat). The main factors of differentiation of the studied communities are the type of soil, cultivated crop and humidification.
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Bustanov, Alfrid. "Ссора по-исламски: жалобы и анонимки советских мусульман." Islamology 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.07.2.07.
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This article introduces a series of semi-offcial correspondence between ‘Abd al-Bari Isaev, an imam in Leningrad, and Shakir Khialetdinov, then mufti of the European part of the USSR. To contextualize these precious sources stemming from several private archives, which have only recently been opened for research, I bring more examples on the ways how did religious authorities of the Soviet times quarrel on the issues of power. In fact, as I argue, these multiple quarrels in prose and poetry represent an intriguing case of appropriating both Soviet administrative and Muslim ethical styles of argumentation. The state was always there and Muslim authorities tried hard to use this factor in their inner quarrels by speaking the language of dominant discourse, thus directly borrowing terminology and word constructions from the secular denouncements and linking arguments with the Soviet civil code. At the same time, even in the late Socialist era engagement with the main sources of Islam, i.e. the Qur’an and the Sunna, was another prominent tool in fighting political enemies. This is why we often see quotations from the holy books, referring to the ethical models of Islam. The latter tactics was nothing new to Islamic tradition, especially when the authors tried their pen in poetical fence. What is striking though is that this literary activity and fight over resources was going on in late Socialist Russia, in Arabic-script, long before banned from the public usage by the government.
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MILL, R. R. "A new sectional combination in Nageia Gaertn. (Podocarpaceae)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 58, no. 3 (October 24, 2001): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428601000804.
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The genus Nageia has received varying taxonomic treatments. The most recent are those by de Laubenfels (1969, under the name Decussocarpus de Laub.; 1987, as Nageia Gaertn.), by Fu (1992) and by Melikyan & Bobrov (2000). De Laubenfels treated the genus in a broad sense, embracing three sections that are now generally recognized respectively as the separate genera Afrocarpus (J. Buchholz & N. E. Gray) Gaussen ex C. N. Page, Nageia sensu stricto, and Retrophyllum C. N. Page (as by Page, 1989, 1990). In de Laubenfels's earlier paper, these three sections were respectively called Decussocarpus de Laub. sect. Afrocarpus (J. Buchholz & N. E. Gray) de Laub., D. sect. Dammaroideae (Benn.) de Laub. [as ‘Dammaroides’], and D. sect. Decussocarpus. The name Decussocarpus had been substituted for Nageia Gaertn. as the type of that generic name is based upon mixed elements belonging to Myrtaceae and Podocarpaceae and, in 1969, an Article of the International Code then in force (Art. 70) banned the use of names based on such ‘discordant elements’. This Article was deleted by the Leningrad Congress and the name Nageia once again became legitimate and available for use. This necessitated de Laubenfels's brief paper of 1987, where the three sections of Decussocarpus which he had earlier recognized were respectively renamed Nageia sect. Afrocarpus (J. Buchholz & N. E. Gray) de Laub., N. sect. Nageia and N. sect. Polypodiopsis (C. E. Bertrand) de Laub.
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Bogdanova, O. V., and T. N. Baranova. "Figurative and Motive Unity of Joseph Brodsky’s Cycle “Mexican Divertissement”." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 1 (February 7, 2023): 186–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-1-186-212.
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An interpretation of the semantic unity of the poetic cycle of Joseph Brodsky “Mexican Divertissement” (1975), consisting of 7 (15) lyrical texts, is proposed. If earlier researchers considered one or another poem of the cycle in isolation, then the problem of the integrity of the entire lyrical work is actualized in the work, the question of the relationship of individual cyclic texts is raised. It is shown how the same characters (emperor Maximilian, Huaretz, lyrical hero), images (ducks, parrot, lizard, cancer, etc.), motives (loneliness, death, delirium), details (geometry of figures, etc.), words and signs (explicated and implied) pass from text to text, ensuring the unity of the whole variety of melodic “pictures” of the divertissement. It is traced how “random” details appearing in one text are overgrown with additional connotations in another, providing semantic and logical support for the whole. Brodsky’s intertextual references to classical Russian literature are revealed, which translate the code of the text from “Mexican divertissement” to “Leningrad / Petersburg”, allowing one to discern the contours of the history of Russia and the fate of the hero himself (alter ego of the author) behind the exotic realities of Mexico. Some “dark places” of the cycle are deciphered, new interpretations of those already reflected by criticism are proposed. It is shown that the intention of the hero-narrator is focused not on the position of the scriptertraveler, but the creator-thinker.
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Gorban, Yu I., and S. G. Tsarichenko. "Robotic fire-fighting systems using advanced fire suppression technologies with Russian priority." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 31, no. 5 (November 10, 2022): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.05.54-66.
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Introduction. Fire suppression systems are stationary technical means designed for fire extinguishing. Their evo- lution relies on the general level of technological development. At present, automatic fire suppression systems (AFSS) are most widely used; they include sprinkler AFSSs, patented in 1864 by Harrison, UK, as well as new robotic fire suppression systems (RFSS). The purpose of the article is to analyze the trends in the development of fire extinguishing systems, and substantiate Russia’s priority in the development of advanced fire extinguishing technologies on the basis of robotic fire suppression systems (RFSS).Fire suppression systems: from manually operated to robotic ones. Sprinkler fire extinguishing has significant drawbacks; they are low sensitivity and high inertia. Fire monitors are among the main most powerful means of firefighting. Fires are extinguished by firefighters who are in extreme life-threatening environments. The issue of replacing a person during fire extinguishing was studied. Mobile firefighting robots appear in many countries. In practice, stationary firefighting robots are widely used. The first stationary firefighting robot was invented in Russia in 1984 to protect the Kizhi Museum. It was also applied to liquidate the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The first RFSS was introduced at the Leningrad NPP in 1989. Acting in close cooperation with the VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, FR Engineering Centre conducted research to improve the design and control system, establish the regulatory framework for the RFSS. As a result, Russia has become the first country in the world where a new type of automatic fire extinguishing systems, or robotic fire suppression systems, was introduced by the law. RFSS requirements are established by the Federal law No. 123-FZ, GOST R and Codes of Practice. Russia’s priority right for the invention of RFSS is protected by a number of patents.Conclusions. In our country, long-term research and development have been carried out to design new fire extin- guishing technologies named robotic fire suppression systems. Regulatory and technical frameworks have also been established, and a firefighting robot plant has been built. Now new fire extinguishing technologies, involving firefighting robots, are widely spread; they protect thousands of significant facilities of the country.
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Barykin, Sergey Evgenievich, Alexey Aleksandrovich Mikheev, Elena Grigorievna Kiseleva, Yuriy Evgenievich Putikhin, Natalia Sergeevna Alekseeva, and Alexey Mikhaylov. "An Empirical Analysis of Russian Regions’ Debt Sustainability." Economies 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10050106.
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This paper investigates the impact of the moderate growth of government borrowing on debt sustainability in 11 Russian regions over about 10 years, starting in 2010. The current study aims to assess the debt sustainability of the Russian region’s budget by determining Euclidean distance budget constraints and cluster analysis. This study is based on the methodology of hierarchical cluster analysis, which makes it possible to isolate regions of accumulation of objects from the aggregate data and combine them into homogeneous segments. The central hypothesis of this study is that by using this method, it is possible to increase the accuracy of the values that limit budget constraints in a region’s financial system. This study, using open data from the Federal State Statistics Service, is based on a database of statistical, financial, and economic indicators of the Russian economy. The calculations include about 45 macroeconomic indicators, which reflect the ratios of socio-economic development of the region’s financial system. The methodology described in the paper for assessing the debt sustainability of budget policy proves the need to calculate six indicators and determine the debt limits for the regions of each cluster. It finds a need to reduce the high debt burden of 46% of the regions belonging to the Northwestern Federal District. Confidence intervals for the debt limit suggest that the negative growth effect of high debt may start from levels of around 5% of the debt-to-GDP ratio and about 43% of the debt-to-revenue ratio. The results indicate that regions with a high level of debt sustainability include St. Petersburg city, the Leningrad region, and the Kaliningrad region. From a state debt policy perspective, the results provide additional arguments for debt reduction for the Republic of Komi, the Republic of Karelia, the Arkhangelsk region, and the Pskov region. The general conclusion of the study boils down to the need to reduce the debt burden of the budgets of some regions of the SFZO, as well as to the need to change the upper limits of debt, which are equally set for all regions by the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, to differentiated values of public domestic debt, taking into account the results obtained in the study.
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Ustinov, A. B. "On Literary Environment of the 1920s: The Circle of Hermes." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 1 (2020): 291–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-1-291-372.
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The essay reconstructs history of a literary circle of authors united under the auspices of Hermes, a typewritten magazine edited in Moscow in the first half of the 1920s. These “poets- philologists” published three full issues of the magazine, 12 copies each. The fourth issue was prepared in just one copy and the authors considered it “unpublished.” Later they edited two typewritten almanacs: Mnemosyne and Hyperborean. The first part of the essay describes how the fourth and last issue of Hermes was collected and edited. Its preparation was accompanied by dramatic encumbrances caused by both external and internal circumstances, the most tragic of which was the death of Maksim Kenigsberg (1900–1924) one of the founders of the Hermes circle. Nina Wolkenau (1901‒1973?), who took his place as a chief editor was forced to cease the publication. The second part of the essay discusses the composition of authors represented in the fourth issue of Hermes, in particular those who joined the magazine from other Moscow literary associations, like Kifara and Green Lamp. Further, the table of contents of that “unpublished” issue is presented here with necessary commentary. A separate supplement is dedicated to a collection of poems by the authors of Hermes, either dedicated to members of this association, or directly related to the magazine itself. The third part of the essay, Addenda ad volumen, complements previous scholarly incursions regarding the circle of Hermes with the unpublished materials from the final issue of the magazine. These are Nina Wolkenau’s review of Mikhail Kuzmin’s book Novyi Gul’ (Leningrad, 1924), and Maksim Kenigsberg’s discussion of Pavel Muratov’s collection of novellas Moralí (Berlin, 1923), where he also wrote about Kuzmin’s art of prose. Another publication is Lev Gornung’s review of the posthumous collection of Nikolai Gumiliov’s poems K Sinei Zvezde (Berlin, 1923) Gornung published another version of that review in a printed “almanac of poetry and criticism” Even and Odd (Moscow, 1925) edited by the same circle of authors, as Hermes. The final supplement includes two other reviews of the Gumiliov’s collection. The émigré publication of K Sinei Zvezde was a significant event in the Soviet underground culture. The poems included in this book became a “lovers’ code” for young Russian readers of the 1920s.
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Motsnyi, F. V. "Nobel Prize Level Scientific Discoveries of a Heir of Zaporizhian Cossacks." Statistics of Ukraine 88, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.15.
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In this work, three fundamental discoveries of the Ukraine-born Prof. George A. Gamow are presented from a single scientific and methodological point of view. Each of them is truly worth of the Nobel Prize – the most prestigious recognition of achievements of a scientist.
We trace the emergence of G. Gamow as one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century – encyclopaedist, theoretical physicist by heart, astrophysicist and biophysicist, talented and brilliant popularizer of science, whose works are readable in one go, as well as the author of unforgettable pranks and jokes.
Gamow was a Fellow of the Danish Royal Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Astronomical Union, the American Physical Society, an honorary doctor of countless universities. Although his name is little known in Ukraine, the history of science would be incomplete without him.
From an early age G. Gamow has shown a great interest in scientific research, using a microscope to look for erythrocytes and a telescope to observe the Halley comet. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad State University, where he followed classes of Professor O. Friedman, founder of the evolutionary cosmology. He has undergone training at the University of Goettingen, the center of theoretical physics at the time, worked for Nobel Prize winners Professors E. Rutherford and N. Bohr. At the age of 28, G. Gamow, by the recommendation of academician V. Vernadskyi, became the member of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, the youngest member in the entire history of its existence.
Throughout his life, G. Gamow was interested in the fundamental scientific problems and made numerous world-class discoveries that are written by golden letters in the treasury of the human civilization. He has found explanation to the E. Rutherford’s experiments with alpha particles (tunnelling effect); introduced the empirical formula of Geiger – Nettoll, connecting the energy of alpha particles to the half-life of radioactive nuclei. G. Gamow is one of the pioneers of the liquid-drop model of a nucleus, and the application of nuclear physics to the evolution of stars. He proposed a fantastic hypothesis about the early universe, suggesting it being not only super dense but also very hot. He also built the Big Bang theory, which led to the existence of relic radiation (space microwave background) with the characteristic temperature of 5–7 degrees above the absolute zero, detected by methods of radio astronomy. He proposed a triplet model of the genetic code - the alphabet of life with three-letter words, experimentally proven by X-ray structural studies of DNA and empirically established rules of E. Chargaff. These discoveries have greatly contributed not only to the development of the modern science, but to the industrial and economic expansion of humanity.
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Phillips, Kim. "A New Codex from the Scribe behind the Leningrad Codex: L17." Tyndale Bulletin 68, no. 1 (May 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.53751/001c.29425.
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Phillips, Kim. "The Masora Magna of Two Biblical Fragments from the Cairo Genizah, and the Unusual Practice of the Scribe behind the Leningrad Codex." Tyndale Bulletin 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.53751/001c.29421.
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Knowles, Michael. "Review of YHWH Elohim: A Survey of Occurrences in the Leningrad Codex and their Corresponding Septuagintal Renderings (LHBOTS 537; Hebrew Bible and its Versions 6; London/New York: T&T Clark, 2011). Pp. xx + 252. Hardcover. US$120.00. ISBN 978-0567-20748-7." Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 12 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5508/jhs.2012.v12.r36.
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Shalnova, S., A. Kapustina, A. Deev, Y. Balanova, A. Imaeva, and G. Muromtseva. "P5311Resting high heart rate among Russian men and women and its association with cause-specific mortality." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0282.
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Abstract Introduction It is well known that high heart rate (HHR) is the independent risk factor for all cause and CVD mortality. Less known about HHR associations with various cause-relative deaths. Purpose to evaluate the impact of HHR in cause-specific mortality among Russian men and women. Methods The data were obtained from seven independent cross-sectional population surveys, conducted in 1975–2001 in Moscow and St Petersburg (Leningrad) in which a randomly selected population aged 35–74 years was studied at different periods of time. The total number of respondents was 20 045 (15107 men and 4938 women). The surveys were carried out using the single core protocol with the standard methods and criteria. Socio-demographic characteristics, smoking status, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), lipid levels [total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG)] and resting electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured. CHD status was defined as: angina pectoris (AP) assessed by Rose questionnaire and/or ECG disturbances by Minnesota code: Q-QS waves (Major QQS: 111–127; Minor QQS: 128, 13), ST-T ischemia (major ischemia: 41,2 an/or 51,2 without 31,33; Ischemia minor: 43,53). Heart rate was measurement on ECG record. HHR was defined as >80 beat/min. Follow-up period was more than 23.5 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for estimation the associations between HHR and cause specific mortality were evaluated by Cox regression, with adjustment for risk variables such as age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, blood pressure level, lipids disturbance and CHD. Results During the follow-up period 10648 deaths (8724 in men and 1924 in women) occurred. The other mortality events consisted of 3495 CHD deaths, 1641 stroke deaths, 5680 CVD and 4287 non CVD deaths for both sexes. Mean age of the sample was 46.5±0.01 b/min. After adjustment for age, risk factors, CHD status and education, the association between HHR and all-cause mortality was 1.25 ([1.16–1.34], p=0,0001) among men; 1.21 ([1.04–1.86], p=0.0102) – among women. For CVD deaths - 1.23 ([1.12–1.36], p=0.0001) and 1.19 ([0.97–1.45], p=0.0902) – among men and women, respectively. HHR was also associated with non-CVD mortality among men but not in women: 1.38 ([1.18–1.62], p=0.0001) and 1.28 ([0.93–1.77], p=0.1345), respectively. The same was found for stroke mortality: for men – 1.45 ([1.06–1.98], p=0,0183), for women - 1.28 ([0.93–1.77], p=1345). The HHR was associated with CHD mortality only in men in women this indicator was not even selected for model. Conclusions HHR is the independent risk factor for every cause-specific mortality even after adjustment for age, risk factors profile and CHD history among Russian men while among women the positive association was found only for all-cause mortality. Probably HHR can be considered at least in men as a marker of general health.