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1
Neumann, Susanne. "Leninbilder : Lenin in der westdeutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in den 1960er bis 1980er Jahren /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2285-9.htm.
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Smith, Trevor J. (Trevor Joachim) Carleton University Dissertation History. "Lenin for sale; the rise and fall of the personality cult of V.I. Lenin in Soviet Russia." Ottawa, 1995.
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Lazagna, Angela 1978. "Lenin, as forças produtivas e o taylorismo." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278923.
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Orientador : Marcio Bilharinho NavesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação é um estudo sobre o lugar privilegiado que o primado do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas ocupa no pensamento de Lenin. A partir daí, podemos entender qual é o conceito leniniano de socialismo, para compreendermos porque o taylorismo - um modo de organização do trabalho criado no início do século XX com o objetivo de intensificar o processo de extração da maisvalia relativa através da expropriação do saber-fazer operário, expropriação esta decorrente do aprofundamento da separação entre trabalho manual e intelectual, de concepção e de execução - teve lugar privilegiado no pensamento leniniano como um fator de desenvolvimento das forças produtivas para a superação do capitalismo e transição ao comunismo. Também demonstraremos como se deu o debate na década de 1920 na U.R.S.S. acerca da possibilidade da criação de um "taylorismo soviético"
Abstract: This dissertation is a study about the privileged place that the primacy of the productive forces development takes in Lenin's thought. Starting from that, we can apprehend thé true nature of leninian concept of socialism, to understand why the taylorism - a method of labor organization created in the beginning of XX century aiming at the intensification of the extraction of the relative surplus through the expropriation of the know-how from the workers, this same expropriation being bom from the deepenning of the splitting between manual and intelectual labour, of conception and execution - had its unique spot in Lenin's ideas as a development's agent of productive forces for the surpassment of capitalism and subsequent transition to communism. Also how unfolded the 1920's U.S.S.R. debate toward the possibility of creation of a "sovietic taylorism"
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia
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Cardoso, Felipe Guilherme Gava. "Divisão do trabalho partidario : organização em Lenin." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278925.
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Orientador: Marcio Bilharinho NavesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A pesquisa aborda a questão do partido em Lenin ao longo de toda sua produção teórica (1895-1923) e tem como proposta discorrer detidamente sobre a organização interna, levandoem consideração a relação entre base e direção e partido e classe trabalhadora. Para tanto, analisa-se o conjunto da obra teórica de Lenin, as principais polêmicas a respeito do tema (como as discussões com Rosa Luxemburg e Trotski) e o acervo crítico oferecido por autores como MareeI Liebman, Neil Harding, Toni Cliff, Rudi Dutschke, Robert Michels, entre outros. O ponto central de discussão diz respeito ao predomínio, em Lenin, do princípio de especialização e do perfil militarizado das relações intra-partidárias, cujo fundamento remete à cisão entre direção política (Comitê Central) e execução de tarefas (base de militantes). Esse fator é especialmente problemático no período de transição ao comunismo, quando esse modelo organizativo se toma um empecilho para o desmantelamento das relações de produção de tipo capitalista já que repõe estratificações sociais de tipo c1assista
Abstract: The research discuss the party issue in Lenin along his complete theoretical production (1895-1923), speciaIIyabout the internal organizationquestion, considering the relationship between militants and directive organs as weIl as party and working class. In order to investigate this subject, we use as a source the complete works of Lenin, the main discussions with Rosa Luxemburg and Leon Trotski and the theoretical contributions of Marcel Liebman, Neil Harding, Toni Cliff, Rudi Dutschke, Robert Michels and others. The main discussion is about the dominance of the principIe of division of labour and the militaryway of internal rganization in Lenin's thougbt, which is founded on the separation between polítical direction (Central Committee) and accomplishment of tasks (by the rest of militants). This is particularly critical during the communist transition, because this organizationalpattern is an obstac1eto the overcomingof the capitalist social relations
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia
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Duenes, Laura. "Community development lending : case studies of commercial bank lending programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73308.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989.Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, June 1989: The role of private lenders in financing community economic development.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-55).
by Laura Duenes.
M.C.P.
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Smith, Karina Yarwood. "Me Llamo Lenika." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112517.
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Educating language minority children in Canada is becoming increasingly challenging as our population becomes more and more diverse. Determining the best educational policy to help immigrant children learn English or French, while furthering their knowledge of core subject material has long been a difficult task for educators in the public system. This novel is a fictional account of an immigrant girl's first year in an Ontario elementary school. Through her experience, I describe a language policy whereby children have access to bilingual primary education no matter what their first language is. Two-way immersion is offered for language minority groups with significant numbers of students within a district. And, in collaboration with the community, first language support in school is given to students of all language backgrounds. I propose a teacher training programme that better prepares teachers for the linguistic diversity in their classrooms and promotes foreign language learning in teachers themselves. Children under this system are able to acquire the dominant language of society, learn the subject material, and continue to develop literacy skills in their first language. With such policies in place, I argue, Canada could be a world leader in bilingual education for diverse populations.
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Manna, Amin(Amin A. ). "Deep linguistic lensing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121630.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84).
Language models and semantic word embeddings have become ubiquitous as sources for machine learning features in a wide range of predictive tasks and real-world applications. We argue that language models trained on a corpus of text can learn the linguistic biases implicit in that corpus. We discuss linguistic biases, or differences in identity and perspective that account for the variation in language use from one speaker to another. We then describe methods to intentionally capture "linguistic lenses": computational representations of these perspectives. We show how the captured lenses can be used to guide machine learning models during training. We define a number of lenses for author-to-author similarity and word-to-word interchangeability. We demonstrate how lenses can be used during training time to imbue language models with perspectives about writing style, or to create lensed language models that learn less linguistic gender bias than their un-lensed counterparts.
by Amin Manna.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Camboim, Denise Cruz. "Lentigo maligno microinvasivo." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143121.
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Orientador: Mariângela Esther Alencar MarquesResumo: O uso da imuno-histoquímica pode aumentar a acurácia na detecção de melanócitos neoplásicos na derme. Com o objetivo de pesquisar microinvasão, cento e nove casos previamente diagnosticados como lentigo maligno (LM) foram resgatados dos arquivos do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB/UNESP) no período de 01/01/2002 a 01/01/2014. As lâminas histológicas de todos os casos foram revisadas pelos autores para confirmação do diagnóstico e seleção do bloco mais representativo para realização de estudo imuno-histoquímico com Melan-A e MITF. Em 25 casos (22,9%) foi observada invasão focal da derme por melanócitos neoplásicos claramente imunomarcados pelo Melan-A. Nos locais onde se evidenciou invasão foi realizada a medida da espessura de Breslow que variou de 0,1 a 0,45 mm. A coloração imuno-histoquímica com MITF evidenciou positividade focal na derme, porém a identificação das células coradas não permitiu a mesma segurança da coloração pelo Melan-A. Todas as lâminas de imuno-histoquímica foram contracoradas pelo Giemsa para diferenciar positividade para o anticorpo testado e melanina. O presente estudo permitiu identificar microinvasão dérmica em 22,9% dos casos de lentigo maligno, mostrando a possibilidade de estadiamento e tratamento inadequado quando utilizada a técnica de rotina. Os achados são um alerta para os patologistas e clínicos, especialmente em lesões de grandes dimensões e associadas com infiltrado linf... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The use of immunohistochemistry can enhance the accuracy in detecting neoplastic melanocytes in the dermis. In order to search for microinvasion, one hundred and nine cases previously diagnosed as lentigo maligna (LM) were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB / UNESP) in the period of 01/01 / 2002 to 01/01/2014. The histological slides of all cases were reviewed by the authors to confirm the diagnosis and selection of the most representative block for performing immunohistochemical study with Melan-A, and MITF. In 25 cases (22.9%) was observed focal dermal invasion by neoplastic melanocytes clearly immunostained for Melan-A. In these cases the Breslow thickness ranged between 0.1 and 0.45mm. Immunohistochemical staining showed MITF focal positivity in the dermis, but did not allow the same certainty of Melan-A staining. In order to distinguish melanin in macrophage cytoplasm from brown-staining melanocytes, the slides were counterstained by Giemsa. This study identified dermal microinvasion in 22.9% cases of lentigo maligna, showing the possibility of inadequate staging and treatment when using the routine technique. The findings are a warning for pathologists and clinicians, especially in large lesions and associated with lymphocytic infiltrate that obscures their limits.
Doutor
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Benczur, Peter 1971. "Soverign lending spreads." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32705.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2001.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis studies the determinants of sovereign lending spreads. The objective of the first chapter is to identify and disentangle various risks embodied in foreign currency denominated sovereign bond spreads. Its empirical approach tries to attribute the explanatory power of country fundamentals in a spread equation to their predictive power for default and illiquidity risk. For this, I incorporate rational expectation predictions into the spreads and propose an IV estimation method. The over identification test offers a test whether the spread can be explained by predicted risk probabilities. Applying this approach to developing country bond data from 1975 to 1995, I find that the non-structural explanatory power of fundamentals can be completely attributed to their influence on predicted risk probabilities. The second chapter takes a broader view across all public sovereign lending. Data from the World Bank suggests that the average spread on all forms of borrowing by developing countries is smaller than for top-rated US corporate bonds. After documenting these facts (with particular care for resolving data problems), the analysis looks behind the averages. Once identifying various sub-types of borrowing, I find that official and other private lending (trade-related) are the main source of the low average spreads. Bond and commercial bank lending shows reasonable spreads. Unlike other and official, bond and bank lending move nearly one in one with world interest rates. All types of private lending significantly differ from each other in the way they incorporate country fundamentals. The third chapter offers a potential source of liquidity risk in bond markets: in a Diamond-Dybvig type model, where agents face a risk of becoming more risk-averse early consumers, changes in the speed of public learning about default risk may increase bond spreads, and decrease investor welfare. This effect operates through a link between future price volatility and current prices: increased expected future price volatility leads to lower prices today.
by Peter Benczur.
Ph.D.
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Garstka, Christoph. "Das Herrscherlob in Russland : Katharina II., Lenin und Stalin im russischen Gedicht : ein Beitrag zur Ästhetik und Rhetorik politischer Lyrik." Heidelberg Winter, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2630687&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Tengvall, Marcus, and Gustav Claesson. "PEER-TO-PEER LENDING : THE EFFECTS OF INSTITUTIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL LENDING." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26636.
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This thesis examines the consequences of an increased institutional involvement in the recently emerging lending business known as peer-to-peer lending (P2PL). Since the P2PL business itself is a type of originate-to-distribute (OTD) lending model – in which the originator never carries the risk for the loans – this thesis investigates the effects it can have on the quality of the screening of potential borrowers, and if it could create a misalignment of interests between different stakeholders in the P2PL market. It also examines how the information asymmetry in the screening process is affecting moral hazard behavior and adverse selection problems. From the empirical research – which was gathered from interviews with significant participants in the Swedish P2PL market and the financial market as a whole – the authors find that an increased institutional involvement seems to come hand-in-hand with an increased loan volume, which creates incentives for the P2PL companies to ease their screening of borrowers and thus decreasing the average quality of the loans they originate. Furthermore, it shows evidence of great similarities between the current P2PL market and the sub-prime mortgage market that was the cause of the financial crisis in 2008. By comparing different geographic P2PL markets the thesis is providing the reader with four development phases that the P2PL markets seem to follow.
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Webster, R. L. "Gravitational lensing and cosmology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355284.
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Dalal, Neal. "Applications of gravitational lensing /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3061618.
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黃秀慧 and Sau-wai Shirley Wong. "A study of the historiography of Vladimir I. Lenin." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227971.
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Freitas, Francisco Mauri de Carvalho. "Lenin e a educação politica : domesticação impossivel, resgate necessario." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252890.
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Orientador: Silvio Oliveira Donizatti GalloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Examino neste estudo as contribuições de Vladímir Ilich Uliánov - Lenin - à educação, bem como sua crítica à universidade e aos ideólogos que participavam do processo de transformação da sociedade russa em território sem lei e a atender aos dissolutos interesses do capitalismo. A hipótese central que direciona este estudo é que, coletivamente, Lenin pode subsidiar uma teoria revolucionária da educação imprescindível à emancipação intelectual e a libertação política do proletariado e dos camponeses pobres. A revisão bibliográfica da obra de Lenin me permitiu compreender que a universidade russa e seus acadêmicos, para além dos interesses da monarquia feudal, estavam subsumidos aos interesses da burguesia russa, hegemonizando-se a partir da primeira revolução democrática de 1905. Nesse contexto, as ciências sociais e a filosofia, ministradas na Universidade, não interessavam ao czar e nem aos latifundiários. Paradoxalmente, à instituição russa de ensino superior cabia, em tempos pacíficos, encher as cabeças dos discentes com a sabedoria acadêmica e o ridículo doutrinário subjetivista e escolástico. O sistema nacional de ensino estava nas mãos das classes dominantes, então, ao Partido Comunista ¿ uma 'grande escola¿, como Lenin o chamava ¿ cabia a tarefa de educar politicamente as novas gerações russas para levar adiante o processo revolucionário, iniciado em janeiro de 1905. Posto, o referencial leninista tem uma importância incontornável para os estudiosos da educação à medida que aduz novos elementos à compreensão dialética e crítica das relações de produção e do cenário político educacional brasileiro
Resume: Dans cette étude j¿analyse les contributions de Vladímir Ilich Uliánov - Lenin - sur l¿éducation, de même que sa critique de l¿université et des idéologues que participaient au processus de transformation de la societé russe dans un territoire sans loi et que servaient les intérêts dissolus du capitalisme. L¿hypothèse centrale de cette étude est que, Lenin dans l¿ensemble, peut aider l¿idée révolutionnaire que l¿éducation est indispensable pour l¿émancipation intellectuelle et pour la libération politique du prolétariat et des paysans pauvres. La révision bibliographique de l¿ouvrage de Lenin m¿a fait comprendre que l¿université russe et ses académiciens, por delà des intérêts de la monarchie féodal, étaient agrée aux intérêts de la bourgeoisie russe. Depuis la première révolution démocratique de 1905 ils ont obtenu l¿hégémonie. Dans ce contexte, il n¿y avait pas de souci ni par le czar, ni par les propriétaires de latifundia, pour le sciences sociaux et pour la philosophie, appliquées dans l¿université. En paradoxe, pendant les temps paisibles, la mission de l¿instituion russe de l¿enseignement supérieur, était de mettre dans la tête des élèves, des idées academiques et le ridicule doctrinaire subjectiviste et scolastique. Les classes dominantes avaient la puisance du système éducatif, alors, la mission du « parti communiste », appelé par Lenin d¿une grande école, était d¿élever politiquement les nouvelles générations russes pour mettre en avant le processus révolutionnaire, initié en janvier 1905. Pour les studieux de l¿éducation la référence léniniste c¿est très importante à mesure qu¿elle ajoute des noveaux éléments à la compréhension dialectique et critique des relations de production et de la scène politique de l¿éducation brésiliéne
Doutorado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Doutor em Educação
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Oliveira, Erivaldo Costa de. "A geografia política de Lênin para a Revolução Russa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-28062018-111612/.
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A presente pesquisa busca, a partir de um ângulo muito específico, fazer uma abordagem geopolítica do pensamento de Vladimir Ulianov Lenin. Para tanto, o percurso analítico da tese perscrutará a obra de Lenin, buscando captar e entender a relação políticaespaço no âmbito da estratégia revolucionária do líder bolchevique para a Revolução Russa. Este trabalho parte do pressuposto que há um componente espacial que é fundamental ao entendimento das revoluções em geral e da Revolução Russa em particular. Nesta perspectiva, a compreensão de Lenin é fundamental à realização deste desvelamento.The present research aims, from a very specific angle, to make a geopolitical approach to the thinking of Vladimir Ulianov Lenin. Therefore, the analytical course of the thesis will examine Lenin\'s work, seeking to capture and understand the politicalspace relationship within the framework of the revolutionary strategy of the Bolshevik leader for the Russian revolution. Our work is based on the assumption that there is a spatial component that is fundamental to the understanding of revolutions in general and of the Russian revolution in particular. In this perspective, the understanding of Lenin\'s thought is fundamental to the realization of this unveiling.
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Cortés, Bárbara, Emilio Heredia, Carla Morales, Daniel Quintanilla, Camila Toro, and Joan Viáfara. "Fuego Lento." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151946.
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cortometraje de ficción para optar al título de realizador en cine y televisiónCortometraje de ficción que cuenta la historia de Jorge (33), un colombiano residente en Chile, que trabaja para velar por Gabriel (11), su único hijo mientras espera el regreso de su esposa que vive un luto en Colombia. Aunque su llegada está cerca, Jorge no está feliz. En su ausencia, ha sostenido una apasionada relación con Ramiro (27), un compañero de trabajo. Los ojos de su hijo puestos sobre su prohibida relación y el inminente regreso de su esposa lo obligarán a decidir sobre el futuro del nuevo y desconocido sentimiento que Ramiro despertó en él.
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Andrae, Jannis. "Der Weg nach Rapallo Erkla&u776rungs- und Deutungsversuche zu einem Vertrag zweier gea&u776chteter Staaten /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04607917002/$FILE/04607917002.pdf.
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Pereira, Sérgio Paulo de Andrade. "Lenine e a música "predatória" brasileira: o conceito de antropofagia musical." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1881.
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Popular music is a depository of important information about the cultural history, which may reveal social, economics, politics and art aspects of a country. Especially in which concerns the Brazilian popular music genre, where we constantly find past and present in its musical and poetic surroundings, showing continuity and rupture, tradition and late modernity, urban and rural aspects, young and adult voices, the elite and the poorer classes in other words, plurality. In order to understand such process, we use the concept has been of great value to the historical understanding of the mergers between musical and poetic elements of the national song collection since its inception. To analyse the term in contemporary times, we have chosen the work of the Brazilian composer, musician and producer Lenine with focus on his album Na Pressão, 1999, which demonstrates in a practical and current way, Brazilian anthropophagy music.
A música popular é um depositário de importantes informações a respeito da história cultural que revela aspectos dos meios social, econômico, político e artístico de um país. Mais especificamente no gênero popular da canção brasileira, encontramos passado e presente constantemente em seu entorno musical e poético, denotando continuidades e rupturas, tradições e modernidade tardia, o urbano e o rural, vozes jovens e adultas, a elite e as classes menos abastadas, enfim, pluralidades. Para entendermos todo esse processo, recorremos ao conceito de antropofagia, pois ele é de grande valia para a compreensão histórica das fusões entre elementos musicais e poéticos do cancioneiro nacional desde sua gênese. Para análise do termo na contemporaneidade, escolhemos o compositor, músico e produtor Lenine, e seu álbum Na Pressão, de 1999, que demonstra de forma prática e atual a antropofagia musical brasileira.
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Song, Yong-Seon. "The application of weak lensing /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Pinelli, Marco. "Lensing gravitazionale di particelle massive." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15771/.
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Il lensing gravitazionale è uno strumento molto potente per indagare l'universo e le teorie della gravità. In questa tesi si estende il formalismo del lensing gravitazionale a particelle massive. I risultati ottenuti in questa tesi sono generali e il formalismo utilizzato può essere applicato ad altri tipi di particelle dotate di massa. Nel capitolo 1 si forniscono i concetti matematico-fisici per poter approfondire la trattazione del fenomeno di lensing. Nel capitolo 2 si ricava la metrica di Schwarzschild e si fornisce una trattazione generale delle geodetiche in questo spazio-tempo. Nel capitolo 3 si ricava un'espressione originale per l'angolo di deflessione per particelle massive. Il risultato innovativo di questa tesi consiste nell'aver risolto l'equazione delle geodetiche per l'angolo di deflessione di particelle dotate di massa nella metrica di Schwarzschild. Tale risultato è stato ottenuto nel limite di deflessione debole ("weak deflection limit" ) con un metodo perturbativo applicando le approssimazioni di campo debole e velocità prossime a quelle della luce. Nel capitolo 4 viene discusso il fenomeno del lensing gravitazionale trattando le sue proprietà. In particolare nel caso di lente puntiforme vengono presentate formule generalizzate per la posizione e l'amplicazione delle immagini. Nel capitolo 5 viene calcolato l'angolo di deflessione riferito al lensing di fotoni da parte del Sole e al lensing di neutrini da parte di stelle. Successivamente viene proposto un esperimento teorico considerando un sistema di lensing cosmologico nel quale la sorgente di neutrini è un blazar mentre la lente è rappresentata da un ammasso di galassie. Le scelte delle distanze tra osservatore, ammasso di galassie e blazar, dell'ammasso di galassie come lente e dell'energia del fascio di neutrini (eV) sono tali da massimizzare le correzioni al lensing di fotoni.
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Schmidt, Robert W. "Cosmological applications of gravitational lensing." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2000/0006/schmidt.ps.
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Haight, Sarah M. "American Art Lending, 1895-1975." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/344.
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This paper documents the range of art lending in the United States to individuals by libraries, museums, and other cultural institutions from roughly 1895-1975. The historical analysis includes the reasons and motivations behind the creation of each kind of lending scheme and what its proponents hoped to accomplish, as well as how these collections fit into the broader goals of each type of institution. Loans of originals and reproductions are discussed.
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Black, Lamont K. "Essays on small business lending." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3264326.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics and Dept. of Finance, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: A, page: 2094. Advisers: Eric L. Leeper; Gregory F. Udell. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 24, 2008)."
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Niemeyer, Frank. "Informational Rents in Bank Lending /." Berlin : dissertation.de, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/495002550.pdf.
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Buddhavibul, Pati. "Bank lending in contemporary Thailand." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=128215.
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The nature of the Thai banking system in the pre-crisis era has been of great interest in the aftermath of Thailand’s 1997 financial crisis. Scores of studies have put great emphasis on the factors contributing to the crisis. There has been scant prior research on how Thai banks operate in practice since the crisis and the researcher was interested in better understanding this, particularly how the banks deal with information-related problems. The main objective of the research is to give an insight into the actions that Thai bankers carry out and how their activities are perceived by corporate borrowers, auditors, regulators and the bankers themselves. In dealing with informational problems, Thai banks employ screening techniques, collateral requirements, loan covenants, monitoring, and their relationships with borrowers in an attempt to mitigate the costs of both adverse selection and moral hazard problems. The study finds that there have been significant improvements in the banking system which has made Thai banks more compliant with internationally accepted lending practice. However, there is still room for further studies on how to create incentives to improve financial disclosure among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), how to establish sound corporate governance of banks, and how to minimise political interference in Thai state-owned banks.
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Gruen, Daniel. "Weak lensing by galaxy clusters." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-183024.
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Der Ursprung und die Entwicklung unseres Universums zeigt sich gleichermaßen in der Raumzeit selbst wie in den Strukturen, die in ihr entstehen. Galaxienhaufen sind das Ergebnis hierarchischer Strukturbildung. Sie sind die massivsten Objekte, die sich im heutigen Universum bilden konnten. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaft ist ihre Anzahl und Struktur hochgradig abhängig von der Zusammensetzung und Evolution des Universums.
Die Messung der Anzahldichte von Galaxienhaufen beruht auf Katalogen, die nach einer beobachtbaren Größe ausgewählt werden. Die Anwendung einer Massen-Observablen-Relation (MOR) erlaubt es, die beobachtete Anzahl als Funktion der Observablen und der Rotverschiebung mit Vorhersagen zu vergleichen und so kosmologische Parameter zu bestimmen.
Man kann jedoch zu Recht behaupten, dass diese Messungen noch nicht präzise im Prozentbereich sind. Hauptgrund hierfür ist das unvollständige Verständnis der MOR. Ihre Normalisierung, die Skalierung der Observablen mit Masse und Rotverschiebung und die Größe und Korrelation von intrinsischen Streuungen muss bekannt sein, um Anzahldichten korrekt interpretieren zu können. Die Massenbestimmung von Galaxienhaufen durch die differenzielle Lichtablenkung in ihrem Gravitationsfeld, i.e. durch den so genannten schwachen Gravitationslinseneffekt (weak lensing), kann erheblich hierzu beitragen.
In dieser Arbeit werden neue Methoden und Ergebnisse solcher Untersuchungen vorgestellt. Zu ersteren gehören, als Teil der Datenaufbereitung, (i) die Korrektur von CCD-Bildern für nichtlineare Effekte durch die elektrischen Felder der angesammelten Ladungen (Kapitel 2) und (ii) eine Methode zur Maskierung von Artefakten in überlappenden Aufnahmen eines Himmelsbereichs durch Vergleich mit dem Median-Bild (Kapitel 3). Schließlich ist (iii) eine Methode zur Selektion von Hintergrundgalaxien, basierend auf deren Farbe und scheinbarer Magnitude, die eine neue Korrektur für die Kontamination durch Mitglieder des Galaxienhaufens einschließt, im Abschnitt 5.3.1 beschrieben.
Die wissenschaftlichen Hauptergebnisse sind die folgenden. (i) Für den Hubble Frontier Field-Haufen RXC J2248.7-4431 bestimmen wir Masse und Konzentration mittels weak lensing und bestätigen die durch Röntgen- und Sunyaev-Zel'dovich-Beobachtungen (SZ) vorhergesagte große Masse. Die Untersuchung von Haufengalaxien zeigt die Abhängigkeit von Morphologie und Leuchtkraft sowie Umgebung (Kapitel 4). (ii) Unsere Massenbestimmung für 12 Galaxienhaufen ist konsistent mit Röntgenmassen, die unter Annahme hydrostatischen Gleichgewichts des heißen Gases gemacht wurden. Wir bestätigen die MOR, die für die Signifikanz der Detektion mit dem South Pole Telescope bestimmt wurde. Wir finden jedoch Diskrepanzen zur Planck-SZ MOR. Unsere Vermutung ist, dass diese mit einer flacheren Steigung der MOR oder einem größen-, rotverschiebungs- oder rauschabhängigen Problem in der Signalextraktion zusammenhängt (Kapitel 5). (iii) Schließlich zeigen wir, durch die Verbindung von Simulationen und theoretischer Modellierung, dass die Variation von Dichteprofilen bei fester Masse signifikant zur Ungenauigkeit von Massenbestimmungen von Galaxienhaufen mittels weak lensing beiträgt. Ein Modell für diese Variationen, wie das hier entwickelte, ist daher wichtig für die genaue Bestimmung der MOR, wie sie für kommende Untersuchungen nötig sein wird (Kapitel 6).The story of the origin and evolution of our Universe is told, equivalently, by space-time itself and by the structures that grow inside of it. Clusters of galaxies are the frontier of bottom-up structure formation. They are the most massive objects to have collapsed at the present epoch. By that virtue, their abundance and structural parameters are highly sensitive to the composition and evolution of the Universe. The most common probe of cluster cosmology, abundance, uses samples of clusters selected by some observable. Applying a mass-observable relation (MOR), cosmological parameters can be constrained by comparing the sample to predicted cluster abundances as a function of observable and redshift. Arguably, however, cluster probes have not yet entered the era of per cent level precision cosmology. The primary reason for this is our imperfect understanding of the MORs. The overall normalization, the slope of mass vs. observable, the redshift evolution, and the degree and correlation of intrinsic scatters of observables at fixed mass have to be constrained for interpreting abundances correctly. Mass measurement of clusters by means of the differential deflection of light from background sources in their gravitational field, i.e. weak lensing, is a powerful approach for achieving this. This thesis presents new methods for and scientific results of weak lensing measurements of clusters of galaxies. The former include, on the data reduction side, (i) the correction of CCD images for non-linear effects due to the electric fields of accumulated charges (Chapter 2) and (ii) a method for masking artifact features in sets of overlapping images of the sky by comparison to the median image (Chapter 3). Also, (iii) I develop a method for the selection of background galaxy samples based on their color and apparent magnitude that includes a new correction for contamination with cluster member galaxies (Section 5.3.1). The main scientific results are the following. (i) For the Hubble Frontier Field cluster RXC J2248.7--4431 our lensing analysis constrains mass and concentration of the cluster halo and we confirm the large mass predicted by X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) observations. The study of cluster members shows the relation of galaxy morphology to luminosity and environment (Chapter 4). (ii) Our lensing mass measurements for 12 clusters are consistent with X-ray masses derived under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium of the intra-cluster gas. We confirm the MORs derived by the South Pole Telescope collaboration for the detection significance of the cluster SZ signal in their survey. We find discrepancies, however, with the Planck SZ MOR. We hypothesize that these are related either to a shallower slope of the MOR or a size, redshift or noise dependent bias in SZ signal extraction (Chapter 5). (iii) Finally, using a combination of simulations and theoretical models for the variation of cluster profiles at fixed mass, we find that the latter is a significant contribution to the uncertainty of cluster lensing mass measurements. A cosmic variance model, such as the one we develop, is necessary for MOR constraints to be accurate at the level required for future surveys (Chapter 6).
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Wilson, Gillian. "Gravitational lensing and galaxy clusters." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5310/.
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Kaiser & Squires have proposed a technique for mapping the dark matter in galaxy clusters using the coherent weak distortion of background galaxy images caused by gravitational lensing. We investigate the effectiveness of this technique under controlled conditions by creating simulated CCD frames containing galaxies lensed by a model cluster, measuring the resulting galaxy shapes, and comparing the reconstructed mass distribution with the original. Typically, the reconstructed surface density is diminished in magnitude when compared to the original. The main cause of this reduced signal is the blurring of galaxy images by atmospheric seeing, but the overall factor by which the reconstructed surface density is reduced depends also on the signal-to-noise ratio in the CCD frame and on both the sizes of galaxy images and the magnitude limit of the sample that is analysed. We propose a method for estimating a multiplicative compensation factor, f, directly from a CCD frame which can then be used to correct the surface density estimates given by the Kaiser & Squires formalism. We test our technique using a lensing cluster drawn from a cosmological N-body simulation with a variety of realistic background galaxy populations and observing conditions. We conclude that weak lensing observations when calibrated using this method yield not only accurate maps of the cluster morphology but also quantitative estimates of the cluster mass distribution. We then show that weak lensing simulations by rich clusters can be used to constrain the likely range of values of the cosmological constant Ω(_0). Again employing the Kaiser & Squires mass density estimator, we model the lensing induced by a number of simulated clusters from three different cosmologies. We introduce new statistics which are independent of any uncertainties in the surface density mentioned above. We conclude that lensing observations of a small number of clusters should be sufficient to place broad constraints on Ω(_0) and certainly distinguish between the extreme values of 0.2 and 1.We also present deep two-colour photometry of two rich clusters at z = 0.18; A1689 and A665. We use the data to construct number counts as a function of magnitude. To the magnitude depth we were able to probe, we conclude that there is no strong evidence for a steep faint end slope to the galaxy luminosity functioning moderate-redshift clusters.
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Myers, Adam David. "The statistical lensing of QSOs." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3686/.
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We use the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey, to investigate whether QSOs are detectably gravitationally lensed. Lensing could magnify and distort light from QSOs, influencing QSO numbers near galaxies, which trace structure in our Universe. Following Boyle, Fong & Shanks (1988), we find a 3σ anti-correlation between QSOs and galaxy groups of strength W (_gg)(< 10') = -0.049. We limit absorption by dust in groups to A(_B) < 0.04 mag. To explain the anti-correlation by dust would need Ab ≈ 0.2 mag. We demonstrate that if the dearth of QSOs around groups is due to statistical lensing, more mass would be required in groups than Ω(_m) = 0.3 models suggest. We use a mock catalogue to test how many of our "2D" galaxy groups, which are detected using angular information, are associated in redshift-space. We then utilise 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey groups, which are selected to trace dark matter haloes, to test the hypothesis that there is more mass in groups than Ωr(_m) = 0.3 models suggest, finding we cannot discount a lensing mass of 2dFGRS groups that is consistent with ACDM. We find QSOs and galaxies are also anti-correlated at the 3σ level, with strength w(< 10’) = -0.007 and use stars as a control sample to rule out observational systematics as a cause. By measuring QSO colours as a function of QSO-galaxy separation, we argue that obscuration by dust in galaxies could explain at most 30-40 per cent of the anti correlation. We show that if the anti-correlation is due to lensing, galaxies would be anti-biased [b ~ 0.05) on small scales. We discuss two surveys carried out to count faint QSOs, which newly identify 160 QSOs. We calculate that the faint-end QSO number-counts have a slope of 0.29 ± 0.03. Finally, we use our faint QSO data, to estimate that ~ 85(75) per cent of g < 21.15 (≥ 21.15) candidates targeted by the 2dFSDSS survey will be QSOs.
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Levinson, Rebecca S. "Gravitational Lensing and Telescope Aberrations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95843.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This is a work in three parts, each of which addresses challenges to weak gravitational lensing flexion measurements. Part one is a derivation and analysis of the aberration shapes and patterns imparted onto images by misaligned telescopes. As telescope aberrations will generally interfere with lensing measurements, it is important to be able to quantify and ultimately minimize them. The conclusions of this first part are (1) misaligned telescopes produce the same aberration shapes, but different field patterns, as aligned telescopes, (2) these misalignment patterns are generic for onaxis telescopes and can be modeled with relatively few parameters, and (3) with well-placed wavefront sensors, telescopes can be kept near enough to alignment so that any remaining aberrations are benign. The second part of this work explores the effect of any un-removed telescope aberrations on images of flexed galaxies. Telescope astigmatism, coma, and trefoil distort stellar images in much the same way that gravitational shear and flexion distort galaxy images. In this chapter, I derive simple models for lensed galaxies and for aberrated PSFs, and convolve the two models to determine the analytic form for the gravitationally lensed and optically distorted galaxy shapes that one might expect to see in actual telescope images. Given this representation of the galaxy image, one can analytically disentangle the gravitational signal from the other distortions. The final chapter is an observational study of weak gravitational lensing flexion in Abell 1689. Using the analytic models for images of lensed and aberrated galaxies that I derived in the preceding section, I attempt to measure galaxy halo truncation from galaxy-galaxy lensing flexion in Abell 1689. While I am able to successfully measure flexed and distorted galaxy shapes and extract the de-aberrated flexion signal, the measurement of galaxy-galaxy gravitational flexion is ultimately thwarted by inherent shape noise in Abell 1689's background source galaxy population. I characterize this shape noise, concluding that it is much larger than previously reported. I further analyze the other hindrances to the lensing flexion measurement and conclude with a recipe for perhaps succeeding in the future.
by Rebecca S.Levinson.
Ph. D.
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Möller, Ole. "Numerical methods for gravitational lensing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620929.
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Mead, James Michael Gordon. "Cosmological applications of gravitational lensing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609651.
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Scovacricchi, Dario. "Weak gravitational lensing with supernovae." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/weak-gravitational-lensing-with-supernovae(30e4b2a0-8195-4d9e-ae16-9df7bc702283).html.
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Supernovae are important probes of cosmology. In 1999, Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa) provided the first evidence for the accelerating expansion of the Universe (Riesset al., 1998, Perlmutter et al., 1999), and since then there have been many wide-field SN surveys with the scope of increasing the number of observed SNe, thus improving the constraints on cosmological parameters. Among these SN surveys,the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the planned Large Synoptic Survey Telescope(LSST) will increase the number of available SNe Ia respectively to ' 3000 and ∼105 (possibly ∼ 106) in the coming decade. Weak gravitational lensing effects willthen become important for these new surveys. Weak gravitational lensing have different effects on the distance modulus measurements of SNe. Firstly, it introduces a non-Gaussian scatter on the distance moduli of SNe Ia, and this effect increases as a function of redshift. The non-Gaussian weak lensing distribution can also introduce a bias on the cosmological parameter values recovered by fitting the Hubble diagram. Secondly, it introduces spatial correlations on the magnitudes of close SN pairs, with angular separation of the order of arcminutes. Weak lensing of SNe can also be used to probe the growth of structures along the line-of-sight, giving further constraints on cosmological parameters like σ8 and Ωm. In Chapter 2, we present our results on the fit of the Hubble diagram from the Jointed Light-curve Analysis sample (JLA, Betoule et al. 2014) including weak lensing and peculiar velocities, the latter introducing an extra dispersion on the distance modulus measurements of low redshift SNe. We give constraints on the cosmological parameters when fitting for the the first four moments of the weak lensing distribution together with the variance induced by peculiar velocities. We test our method via numerical simulations and we find Ωm=0.274±0.013 and σ8=0.44+0.63-0.44 when fitting the JLA sample. We also apply the Kernel Density Estimation technique to reduce the problem of biased estimates of the moments measured on sparse data sample, and a boot-strap re-sampling method when computing the covariance between the moments. In Chapter 3 we propose to measure the two-point magnitude correlation function from SN data and compare such measurements to theoretical expectations. As available data sample appear to be insufficient to detect this weak correlation (we report a tentative detection with the JLA sample), we predict measurements with current (DES) and future (LSST) SN surveys, finding that the LSST should be able to detect such correlations at 6σ level of confidence (15,000 SNe over 70 deg2 and assuming an intrinsic scatter of 0.15 magnitudes). DES (deep field) is expected to detect a cross-correlation between the Hubble residuals and the foreground galaxies at 12σ (integrated up to 9 arcminutes of separation and assuming an intrinsic scatter of 0.15 magnitudes), taking advantage of the higher galaxy density on the sky, while LSST should detect the same cross-correlation with signal-to-noise ⪆ 100. We also give forecasts on cosmological parameters when fitting Ωm and σ8 from the twopoint magnitude auto-correlation function, i.e. we can achieve a 25% measurement of σ8 from LSST (assuming 0.15 magnitudes of intrinsic scatter and applying a Gaussian prior on the matter density parameter). In Chapter 4, we investigate Type Ic Superluminous Supernovae (SLSNe Ic) as a new class of potential standard candles, which appear to be standardisable in their peak magnitudes with a scatter of only 0.2 – 0.3 magnitudes. Moreover, their exceptional peak magnitude (up to 100 times brighter than SNe Ia) allows them to be discovered to redshift ∼ 3, shedding new light on the deceleration epoch of the Universe. We give predictions for SLSN Ic redshift distribution within present (DES and SUDSS, which are expected to find 15 and 75 SLSNe respectively) and future surveys (LSST and Euclid, which should increase the available SLSNe to 10; 000 and 300 respectively, the latter up to redshift 4). We construct simulated Hubble diagrams for SLSNe Ic, spanning the likely values of intrinsic scatter for these sources ( 0:15 - 0:25 magnitudes), and fit the Hubble diagrams to infer cosmological constraints. We find that the addition of 75 SLSNe from SUDSS to the 3800 SNe Ia from DES can improve the constraints on w (the dark energy state parameter) and Ωm by 20% (assuming a flat wCDM universe). Moreover, the combination of DES SNe Ia and 10,000 LSST SLSNe can measure Ωm and w to 2% and 4% respectively. When considering temporal variations in w(a), we find possible uncertainties of 2%, 5% and 0.14 on Ωm, w0 and wa respectively, from the combination of DES SNe Ia, LSST SLSNe and Planck Cosmic Microwave Background temperature power spectrum. We find that SLSNe from Euclid can constrain the matter density parameter to 10%, and can help constraining the equation-of-state parameters w0 and wa. All these surveys will also improve the knowledge about SLSN astrophysics, their progenitors and possible classification into sub-classes.
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Wang, Sijia. "Default Risks in Marketplace Lending." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1583508817334501.
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Rolák, Martin. "Analysis of p2p platform lending." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360529.
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The subject of this thesis is to map the development of p2p lending in the US. Firstly, we compare the different business models and roles in the current monetary system of commercial banks and p2p platform lenders. The structure as well as trends of p2p lending industry are described. The returns of p2p loans are compared with traditional assets such as bonds, stocks and commodities in the 2011-2016 period. The last part of the thesis examines the loanbook of the most prominent p2p platform lender, Lending Club.
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Tröster, Tilman. "Weak gravitational lensing cross-correlations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62592.
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The matter content of the Universe is dominated by dark matter. Beyond its abundance and its lack of non-gravitational interactions with standard model matter, little is known about the nature of dark matter. This thesis attempts to illuminate different aspects of dark matter by using gravitational lensing in conjunction with other cosmological probes. Gravitational lensing describes the deflection of light by gravitational potentials and is a direct and unbiased probe of the matter distribution in the Universe.
We investigate the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) model of dark matter by performing a tomographic and spectral cross-correlation between weak gravitational lensing from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), Red Cluster Sequence Lensing Survey (RCSLenS), and Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), and gamma rays from Fermi-LAT. The non-detection of a correlation allows us to constrain the allowed masses, annihilation cross-sections, and decay rates of WIMP dark matter.
Even though most matter in the Universe is dark matter, about 16% is baryonic matter. To make precision measurements of the dark matter distribution with gravitational lensing, it is therefore necessary to understand the behaviour and distribution of baryonic matter. We measure and analyse the cross-correlation between weak gravitational lensing from RCSLenS and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect from the Planck satellite to constrain the effect of baryon physics on the matter distribution.
Models of gravitational lensing often make use of a range of approximations. We study the effect of dropping these approximations on the cross-correlation between gravitational lensing and tSZ by performing a detailed calculation up to fourth order in the gravitational potential. We find that the common approximations are sufficiently accurate even for future surveys.
Finally, we explore the growth of structure and the effect of residual weak lensing systematics in a tomographic cross-correlation between weak gravitational lensing from KiDS and lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Planck.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Mullin, Richard J. "Lenin and the Iskra faction of the RSDLP, 1899-1903." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2356/.
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Using primary material, much of which has been overlooked up to now, this thesis argues that the Iskra newspaper and its organisational appendages were conceived by Lenin and his closest collaborators in a pragmatic attempt to strike a balance between the theoretically authoritative and revolutionary, yet inactive Osvobozhdenie Truda and the more active, but reformist and theoretically unclear Rabochee Delo grouping. As such, Iskra does not appear to have been the product of a detailed plan conceived in Siberian exile, as is often thought. Nor did it represent the extreme left wing of the Russian social-democratic movement of the time, a place occupied by Osvobozhdenie Truda. Iskra and its supporting organisations formed a faction of a broader party, the RSDLP, whose institutions it aimed to rebuild and to which it aimed to give ideological leadership broadly in sympathy with the basic views of Plekhanov, though differing with him in terms of tactics. Starting from a position of weakness both in the emigration and inside Russia, Lenin at first sought an alliance with the 'Economists' of Rabochee Delo rather than a policy of open factional struggle, which was at this stage (1900-01) advocated by Plekhanov. Only when serious vacillations in the Rabochee Delo line started to emerge in the spring of 1901 did Lenin break with this tactic, in despair of any useful co-operation with the politically unstable followers of the economist journal. From the end of 1901an open struggle for the support of the RSDLP local committees inside Russia began, in which the Economists were unable to martial support, whilst Iskra, owing to its network of full-time 'agents' and their assistance, eventually won a dominant position. On this basis, plans were laid for a Second Congress of the RSDLP that reveal a distinctly democratic and pluralist conception of party organisation on the part of Lenin, A conception which does not square with his dictatorial reputation. Accordingly, this thesis argues that the Second Congress was a credible, if not perfect representation of rank and file opinion within the RSDLP at the time and that the split within the Iskra faction that took place at this meeting owes more to pre-existing tensions with the Russian Iskra organisation rather than any unreasonable behaviour on the part of Lenin. Specifically, individual agents showed signs of weariness in relation to Lenin‘s policy of factional struggle prior to the Second Congress. For this reason they sought, but failed to find compromise at the congress with the Bund and the economists, and as such provoked a split with the supporters of Lenin within Iskra. As such, it was actually an inopportune search for compromise which appears to have provoked the split within Iskra, rather than dictatorial or intolerant practices on the part of Lenin. The supporters of Martov assumed that the Bund and the supporters of economism could be appeased, but this was not in fact the case.
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Kirk, D., Y. Omori, A. Benoit-Lévy, R. Cawthon, C. Chang, P. Larsen, A. Amara, et al. "Cross-correlation of gravitational lensing from DES Science Verification data with SPT and Planck lensing." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614994.
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We measure the cross-correlation between weak lensing of galaxy images and of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The effects of gravitational lensing on different sources will be correlated if the lensing is caused by the same mass fluctuations. We use galaxy shape measurements from 139 deg(2) of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data and overlapping CMB lensing from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Planck. The DES source galaxies have a median redshift of z(med) similar to 0.7, while the CMB lensing kernel is broad and peaks at z similar to 2. The resulting cross-correlation is maximally sensitive to mass fluctuations at z similar to 0.44. Assuming the Planck 2015 best-fitting cosmology, the amplitude of the DESxSPT cross-power is found to be A(SPT) = 0.88 +/- 0.30 and that from DESxPlanck to be A(Planck) = 0.86 +/- 0.39, where A = 1 corresponds to the theoretical prediction. These are consistent with the expected signal and correspond to significances of 2.9 sigma and 2.2 sigma, respectively. We demonstrate that our results are robust to a number of important systematic effects including the shear measurement method, estimator choice, photo-z uncertainty and CMB lensing systematics. We calculate a value of A = 1.08 +/- 0.36 for DESxSPT when we correct the observations with a simple intrinsic alignment model. With three measurements of this cross-correlation now existing in the literature, there is not yet reliable evidence for any deviation from the expected LCDM level of cross-correlation. We provide forecasts for the expected signal-to-noise ratio of the combination of the five-year DES survey and SPT-3G.
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Lundstedt, Viktor. "Lever imperialismen ånyo? : Relationen mellan Kina och Afrika." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12235.
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Since Africa’s decolonization a number of foreign economic actors have begun toemerge in several African countries and they prove a vital role in many ways. China isone of the largest actor and they have a long history of political and economic ties withAfrica. China act primarily in Africa to meet their growing economy’s demand fornatural resources, and by providing aid and trade with development countries in Africathey get important natural resources like oil and iron ore in return. This has sparked adebate in western societies which accuses China of being imperialistic and that they onlybenefit their own needs. China on the other hand claims that their aid and trade withdevelopment countries in Africa is for a mutual benefit. The purpose of this study was toinvestigate whether there was any truth in the western accusations of China beingimperialistic based on two well-known and established theories of imperialism. Byhighlighting the features that the theories considered to be imperialistic, China’s doingsin Africa could be analyzed. The conclusion was that there may be some concern withsome aspects of China’s dealings in Africa but it would be presumptuous to call themimperialistic.
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Ennker, Benno. "Die Anfänge des Leninkults in der Sowjetunion /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370990758.
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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Tübingen--Geschichtswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 1994. Titre de soutenance : Die Anfänge des Leninkults : Ursachen und Entwicklung in der Sowjetunion der zwanziger Jahre.Bibliogr. p. 351-379.
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Almeida, Giniomar Ferreira. "O Lenine Maranhense: fuzilamentos e cultura histórica no interior do Maranhão(1921)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6025.
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This work is linked to the research line of Regional History Graduate Program in History of the Federal University of Paraíba, with a major in History and Historical Culture. This paper examines the historical culture of the shootings occurred within Maranhão in 1921 and the actions of a farmer called socialist and spiritualist Manoel Bernardino de Oliveira, dubbed by newspapers of the time of Lenin Maranhão. Manoel Bernardino became involved in a conflict in 1921 which culminated in the shooting, officer, four farmers and was reflected in electoral disputes at the regional and national levels, since the state's governor, Urbano Santos da Costa Araújo, was accused of ordering the shooting and was a candidate for vice-president of the Republic on the plate of Artur Bernardes, successor Epitácio Pessoa disputed elections in 1922. When the Prestes Column passed by Maranhão, in 1925, joined the Manoel Bernardino with a contingent of two hundred men. We study the collective memory as a constituent of historical culture, used the methods of oral history, with the analysis of statements made in police investigations and interviews with people in the region. The time frame was chosen as the central year of 1921 when the shootings occurred, but we present briefly the developments until 1925 when the Prestes Column through the life of Maranhão and Manoel Bernardino until his death in 1942.
Esta dissertação está vinculada à linha de pesquisa História Regional do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, com área de concentração em História e Cultura Histórica. O presente trabalho analisa a cultura histórica sobre os fuzilamentos ocorridos no interior do Maranhão no ano de 1921 e as ações de um lavrador socialista e espírita chamado Manoel Bernardino de Oliveira, apelidado pelos jornais da época de Lenine maranhense. Manoel Bernardino envolveu-se em um conflito no ano de 1921 que culminou com o fuzilamento, oficial, de quatro lavradores e teve reflexos nas disputas eleitorais em âmbito regional e nacional, uma vez que o governador do estado, Urbano Santos da Costa Araújo, foi acusado de ordenar os fuzilamentos e era candidato à vice-presidência da República na chapa de Artur Bernardes, sucessor de Epitácio Pessoa nas disputadas eleições de 1922. Quando a Coluna Prestes passou pelo Maranhão, em 1925, Manoel Bernardino a integrou com um contingente de duzentos homens. Estudamos a memória coletiva como constituinte da cultura histórica, utilizado os métodos da história oral, com a análise de depoimentos prestados em inquéritos policiais e entrevistas com pessoas da região. O recorte temporal escolhido como central foi o ano de 1921, quando ocorreram os fuzilamentos, mas apresentamos, de forma breve os desdobramentos até 1925 quando a Coluna Prestes passa pelo Maranhão e a vida de Manoel Bernardino até sua morte em 1942.
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Döbeli, Barbara. "Bank lending under IMF lending in a financial crisis : a sequential three-players moral hazard model /." Winterthur : Schellenberg, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/351414665.pdf.
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Lavagna-Slater, Shane Stephen. "Investigating peer-to-peer lending as a solution to unsecured lending in an unbalanced credit market." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60502.
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The unsecured lending market in South Africa is characterised by a high consumer debt-to-income ratio, significant legislative amendments, government-instituted credit amnesties, abnormal lender profits, the bailout of African Bank Investments Limited and stagnating growth.
A credit amnesty is a short-term reprieve for consumers with adverse credit information from past debts. There have been two amnesties in South Africa: in 2007 and 2014. Both amnesties were essentially information amnesties, which resulted in the removal of negative information from borrowers' credit profiles. The 2007 credit amnesty aligned the credit market with the National Credit Act (Act No. 34 of 2005) by the removal of specific borrower information that was in misalignment with the National Credit Act (NCA). The 2014 amnesty was a straightforward credit-information-removal exercise. A credit amnesty is a superficial remedy and a short-term fix of a deeper underlying problem of credit usage and profit maximisation. But an amnesty does not result in borrowers changing their behaviour. The credit amnesty in 2007 affected 8 million customer records, but research by the National Credit Regulator (NCR) shows that about 40% of customers who received amnesty (3.2 million people) defaulted on new loans within two years.
Credit amnesties are a symptom of a graver underlying problem within the unsecured credit market in South Africa, which is considered unsustainable based on the notion that government intervention artificially regenerates consumer access to credit without regard to lender risks.
Unsecured lending is growing, and the existing model appears to be increasingly unsustainable. Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending might address some shortcomings and develop as an alternative model. As there has been insufficient research into P2P lending, the focus of this study is on the sustainability of P2P lending as an alternative to traditional unsecured lending in South Africa. The study could reveal P2P lending to be an alternative model of unsecured lending and a more equitable and sustainable lending model for poverty alleviation, economic growth and wealth inequality in South Africa.
The approach of the study is to understand the unsecured lending market, its practices and norms in South Africa through a sustainability framework view and, by doing so, describe the shortcomings of market practices.
Peer-to-peer lending, both formal and informal, is investigated to understand the nuances and variations in lending. There is a significant informal P2P lending market that has existed for decades, and a formal P2P market that was established less than three years ago. The theoretical investigation into P2P lending highlighted four themes: behavioural underwriting, peer pressure, disintermediation and degrees of separation. These were used as the basis for the qualitative research conducted.
The research conducted probed aspects that revealed the readiness and willingness of South Africans to utilise P2P lending as an alternative to traditional unsecured lending. Information was collected through four means: an online investigation of 1 121 people's preferences into savings and credit; two focus groups of 51 people in total; a sustainability review from unsecured lending practitioners; and a narrative study. The autoethnographic approach described and systematically analysed the personal experiences of the researcher to understand and make sense of real-world experiences. Having travelled to nine and worked in six African countries as a micro financier, the researcher relays personal experiences and attempts to understand the interrelatedness of unsecured lending through personal narratives.
The conclusions of the study point to an intriguing future for P2P lending in South Africa. There seems to be validity in the statement that P2P lending could be a viable alternative to unsecured lending in South Africa. Peer-to-peer lending could be used as a tool to protect vulnerable borrowers from exorbitant credit costs and manage balance sheets more efficiently for individual lenders. A decentralisation of the lending function, with a specific set of investments that address the outcomes of this research, may begin to distribute wealth more proportionately than the traditional unsecured lending market. Barriers to P2P lending in South Africa could include legislative or regulatory acts, specifically within the NCA, and scaling difficulties of P2P platforms.
Peer-to-peer lending needs further exploration to understand the far-reaching consequences in related fields such as secured lending, asset insurance, health insurance, remittances, small business lending and P2P financial education.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Business Management
PhD
Unrestricted
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Curran, Matthew David. "Lenin, Trotsky and the evolution of the Bolshevik State, 1917-1924 /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arc9761.pdf.
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Pizzolatti, Romulo. "Em torno da ideia da revolução em Marx, Engels e Lenin." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1988. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106291.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias JuridicasMade available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T20:00:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1988Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T16:03:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 82123.pdf: 1577638 bytes, checksum: 55050b92810b77fd292d2a8e86178323 (MD5)
O presente trabalho buscou traçar um perfil das idéias de Marx, Engels e Lênin sobre a revolução, a partir de quatro eixos principais: as idéias que servem de base à teoria revolucionária marxista, a questão do Estado e do poder, o desenvolvimento concreto do processo da revolução e os objetivos da revolução. Apontou-se que a revolução se constitui, em última análise, na materialização do reflexo na consciência do proletariado, das contradições que transpassam o modelo de produção atual capitalista. Demonstra-se que o proletariado não pode iniciar a revolução propriamente dita, ou seja, a passagem do modo de produção capitalista para o socialista, sem antes conquistar a supremacia política, que lhe servirá de alavanca para a transformação econômica. É da experiência das revoluções proletárias que o Estado burguês deve ser desmantelado, sob pena de a revolução proletária não vingar. Verificou-se, que na fase atual do capitalismo monopolista, as revoluções socialistas ocorrem mais facilmente nos países da periferia, porque aí as contradições do capitalismo são mais agudas, e o socialismo vem a coincidir com a própria libertação nacional. O objetivo último da revolução social do proletariado não é uma sociedade sem explorados nem exploradores, mas emancipar toda a humanidade das classes e do trabalho imposto pela necessidade, colocando-a em harmonia com as leis da natureza e tornando-a, finalmente, livre.
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Figueiro, Spinelli Patricia. "Weak Lensing Analysis of Galaxy Groups." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-133570.
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Vafaei, Sanaz. "Alternative estimators for weak gravitational lensing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42151.
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Weak gravitational lensing provides a means to measure the total mass in the Universe. The incoming light from distant galaxies is disturbed by the inhomogeneity of the dark matter distribution along the line of sight.
The correlations of shape in an observed galaxy population can be used to probe the total mass density fluctuations in the Universe. Studies of correlations between galaxy shapes have been the basis of weak lensing research.
In this thesis we investigate various non-conventional weak lensing statistics that are complementary to the traditional two-point shear correlation functions. The goal is to constrain the matter density Ωm and normalization of matter power spectrum σ₈ parameters.
These higher order statistics have long been advocated as a powerful tool to break measured degeneracies between cosmological parameters.
Using ray-tracing simulations, which incorporate important survey features such as a realistic depth-dependent redshift distribution, we find that joint two- and three-point correlation function analysis is a much stronger probe of cosmology than the two-point analysis alone.
We apply the higher order statistics technique to the 160 deg² of the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) and show preliminary results from the joint two- and three-point likelihood analysis.
We reveal the possibilities that lie in the projected mass probability distribution function to discriminate models with different values of the matter density parameter.
In the process we develop a hybrid data set based on the simulations and the CFHTLenS data for systematics testing and covariance matrix estimations. Our error analysis includes all non-Gaussian terms, finding that the coupling between cosmic variance and shot noise is a non-negligible contribution.
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Trobbiani, Leonardo. "Lensing gravitazionale alle lunghezze d’onda radio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21566/.
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Sin dalla scoperta della prima lente gravitazionale, il fenomeno del lensing si è dimostrato molto importante in diversi ambiti astrofiici. Questa tesi si concentra sull’analisi di lenti gravitazionali per studiare la distribuzione di materia oscura in galassie lontane. In particolare, il numero di galassie satelliti osservate associate alla Via Lattea è molto minore rispetto a quanto predetto dal modello cosmologico standard, in cui si assume materia oscura "fredda". Questo è noto come "problema delle galassie nane" ed ancora non è stato risolto. Il lensing gravitazionale è l’unico metodo per indagare queste scale in galassie molto distanti e, quindi, verificare la validità dell’attuale modello di formazione delle strutture a distanze cosmologiche. L’elaborato di tesi include una parte di attività sperimentale, in cui abbiamo eseguito delle misure di flussi in tre lenti gravitazionali usando osservazioni interferometriche radio alla risoluzione angolare del milli-arcosecond. Queste misure hanno evidenziato una discrepanza significativa rispetto ai valori teorici. Questo contrasto può essere dovuto alle presenza di
galassie nane, che localmente perturbano il potenziale gravitazionale della lente principale, cambiando l’amplificazione delle immagini lensate e, quindi, il flusso. Però queste anomalie in flusso possono essere anche causate da strutture estese di materia barionica, rivelabili da osservazioni nell’ottico e infrarosso. Perciò, è importante utilizzare osservazioni complementari a quelle radio per scoprire la vera origine di questa discrepanza. Lo studio statistico del numero (attualmente limitato) di lenti con anomalie in flusso è consistente con le previsioni del modello cosmologico standard. La generazione futura di interferometri radio e telescopi ottici osserverà ∼ 105 lenti gravitazionali, quindi sarà possibile avere un campione significativo di questi sistemi "anomali", che ci aiuterà a capire il problema della galassie nane.
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Soto, Paul Eduardo. "Essays on the bank lending channel." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/659085.
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This thesis contributes to the understanding of how banks shift their supply of credit when confronted with uncertainty, regulatory supervision and macroprudential policies. The first chapter proposes a new index to detect the idiosyncratic uncertainty banks face at the bank-quarter level. I use machine learning and natural language processing on speeches made by bank management during quarterly earnings conference calls to develop the new measure. I find that higher uncertainty is associated with lower lending the next quarter and higher liquidity, suggesting active management of uncertainty. The second chapter explores how banks respond to supervision by window-dressing their balance sheets. In preparation for Europe’s 2014 Asset Quality Review (AQR), reviewed banks decreased their share of riskier securities and loans. After the AQR, banks reloaded riskier securities onto their balance sheets, but not riskier credit. In the third chapter, I study how the introduction of capital controls in Colombia affected domestic credit. The results point to complementarities in credit supply between domestic and foreign credit.Esta tesis estudia los cambios en la oferta de crédito de los bancos cuando se enfrentan a incertidumbre, supervisión regulatoria y políticas macroprudenciales. El primer capítulo propone un nuevo índice para detectar la incertidumbre idiosincrática de los bancos a nivel trimestral. Para desarrollar la nueva medida, utilizo técnicas de aprendizaje de máquinas y procesamiento del lenguaje natural sobre los discursos trimestrales hechos por la gerencia de cada banco. Encuentro que una mayor incertidumbre está asociada con un menor préstamo el próximo trimestre y una mayor liquidez, lo que sugiere un manejo activo de la incertidumbre. El segundo capítulo explora cómo los bancos responden a la supervisión maquillando sus balances. En preparación para la revisión de calidad de activos (AQR) de 2014 en Europa, los bancos revisados redujeron su participación en bonos y préstamos riesgosos. Después del AQR, los bancos volvieron a adquirir bonos más riesgosos en sus balances, pero no créditos más arriesgados. En el tercer capítulo, estudio cómo la introducción de controles de capital en Colombia afectó el crédito doméstico. Los resultados apuntan a complementariedades entre la oferta de crédito domestico y externo.
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Wild, William. "The economic basis of syndicated lending." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16114/.
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This work undertakes the first comprehensive theoretical assessment of syndicated loans. It is shown that syndicated and bilateral (single lender) loans should be good substitutes in meeting a borrower's financing requirements, but that syndicated loans are more complex and impose additional risks to the parties in the way they are arranged. The existing explantions of loan syndication - that they are hybrids of private bank loans and public debt instruments, that syndication is a portfolio management tool,
and that loans are syndicated where they are too large to be provided bilaterally - are unable to substantially explain both the nature of syndicated loans and practice in the loan markets. A rigorous new explanation is developed, which shows that syndication reduces the rate of lending costs, so that the return to the loan originator is greater, and the borrower's cost of financing is lower, where a loan is syndicated rather than provided bilaterally. This explanation is shown to hold in competitive loan markets and to be consistent with the observation that syndicated loans are generally larger than other loans. Incidental to this new explanation, new expressions of the return to a bank from providing a loan on a bilateral basis and from originating a syndicated
loan are also developed. New algorithms are also developed for determining the distribution
of the commitments from syndicate participants and thus the originator's final hold, the amount it must lend itself, where the loan is underwritten. This provides, for the first time, a rigorous basis for assessing the expected return, and the risk, for the originator of a given syndicated loan. Finally, empirical testing finds that a bank's observed lending history is significant to its decision to participate in a new syndicated loan but that predictions of participation, which are fundamental inputs into the final hold algorithms, based on this information have relatively little power. It follows that
there is competitive advantage to loan originators that have access to other, private
information on potential participants' lending intentions.