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Journal articles on the topic 'Leontief’s Input-Output model'

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Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Obrosova, N., A. Shananin, and A. Spiridonov. "On the comparison of two approaches to intersectoral balance analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022112.

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Abstract The diversification of the inter-industry connections of modern economies seriously hindered the analysis of production networks evolution and input-output balances projection, that traditionally was made by the Leontief Input-Output balance model. That is why the new approaches have begun to develop, that take into account the substitutability of products and services in modern supply networks. In this work we discuss the quality of the new approach to the intersectoral linkages analysis, that is based on the nonlinear model of resource allocation with Cobb-Douglas production technologies. We compare this approach with the traditional Leontief’s scheme of intersectoral connection studying. We make evaluations using the both of methods for large economies, that are on different stages of economic development.

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GOVORKOV, Denis A., Viktor P. NOVIKOV, Il'ya G. SOLOV'EV, and Vladimir R. TSIBUL'SKII. "A computational scheme to estimate the Leontief model matrix coefficients according to input-output table data for the southern regions of the Tyumen Oblast." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2360–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.12.2360.

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Subject. This article deals with the control and management aspects of regional development on the basis of Leontief’s balance model. Objectives. The article aims to develop schemes for stable estimation of aggregate parameters of region balance models based on a shortened sample of input-output statistical data and rules for their subsequent regularization. Methods. For the study, we used multiple forms of regional economic balance model transformation based on the aggregation of data of the selected regional subsystems. Results. The primary estimates of aggregate input-output matrix for the southern regions of the Tyumen Oblast were obtained from the statistical input-output data for 2014–2018. To comply with the productivity conditions, additional information was introduced into the estimation algorithm reflecting the balance dependence for the reference input-output matrix for the Russian Federation and for the southern regions of the Tyumen Oblast in retrospective (2004–2013). Conclusions. The result of regularization of aggregate input-output matrix for the southern regions of the Tyumen Oblast obtained from the statistical input-output data on the basis of the least squares method indicates that the backward estimation technique cannot act as a basic tool for the primary construction of balance models of regional economies. However, backward estimation algorithms with subsequent regularization are effective in correcting the reference input-output matrix using actual data of the region’s socio-economic development.

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3

Kalinkova, Sabrina. "Karaganov V. S. Leontief – is there a misunderstanding of Leontief’s model?" University Economic Bulletin, no. 45 (May 27, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-45-135-138.

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Relevance of research topic: Cross-sectoral balance is a tool with unique qualities for analyzing and designing economic development. The evolution of economic systems also affects the very balance and attitude of researchers to it. Formulation of the problem: For this reason, the opinion of one of the famous economists – Prof. Karaganov regarding the basic assumptions of Leontief's model is of interest. These are the baseline indicators examined with the model whose nature is not subject to change. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the inconsistency of criticism of Leontief's cross-sectoral balance model by Professor Sergei Karaganov. Method or methodology for conducting research. Scientific literature analysis method and the method of comparison were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). At the very beginning of the article by Prof. Karaganov an incorrect presentation of the structure of the model of Leontief is made. The balance of inter-branch connections simultaneously reflects each of the branches in a dual role – a producer of production and a supplier of own manufactured products for other industries to meet their production needs. Prof. Karaganov demonstrates a clear lack of knowledge of the balance of cross-sectoral links (input-output model) by misrepresenting each of the branches of a national economic system. According to him, the branches of the national economy are divided into producing and consuming industries. It is beyond the view of Prof. Karaganov that in the balance of inter-sectoral links, the industries are not divided into producing and consuming products. At each point in time, each industry is represented both in its role as a producer of production and in its role as a recipient of production from other industries in connection with the production of its own production. Conclusions according to the article. At present, Leontiev's model is used solely from its analytical capabilities. And the main reason for this is the presence of many methodological and informational problems. But it is particularly important to make it clear that these problems, existing outside and independently of the model, do not make the model itself wrong or inadequate to use. The circumstances presented by Prof. Sergey Karaganov are just some of the examples of misunderstanding the capabilities of the model, leading it to impute problems that do not actually exist.

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Baranov, Аlexander О., Victor N. Pavlov, Tatiana O. Tagaeva, and Yuliia M. Slepenkova. "Construction and Use of the Regional Input-Output Model with Environmental and Economic Development Blocks." World of Economics and Management 20, no. 3 (2020): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2020-20-3-27-46.

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The paper analyzes environmental-economics models developed by foreign and Russian scientists. The first attempts to combine both economic and environmental issues in mathematical modeling were made in the 1960s, with most of them been theoretical due to lack of necessary data. With the development of modeling approaches, following on Wassily Leontief’s models, an environmental block has been included into input-output models. However, most of the existing models can hardly be applied to practice due to lack of statistical data and the absence of inter-industry approach. Even today the main restricting factor for these models to be used in practice is still limited availability of information, including not only economic but also environmental data, which is especially critical for regional researches, as the number of statistical indicators for the regions is much lower than at the macro level. The article provides mathematical description of the input-output model with an environmental block. The model is developed at the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the RAS in collaboration with the Novosibirsk State University. The model can be used for regional researches, given the input-output tables for the region is available.

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5

Fremdling, Rainer, and Reiner Stäglin. "Work Creation, Rearmament, Public and Private Investment in Germany 1933–1938: An Input-Output Analysis of their Impact on Employment and Production." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 429–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0018.

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AbstractEmpirically, we apply the input-output table of Germany for the benchmark year of 1936 to assess the impact of work creation, rearmament, public and private investment on employment and production in Germany during the 1930s. Our analytical framework integrates the Keynesian multiplier into Leontief’s traditional model. Of course one can speculate about the counterfactual scenario of whether or not the NS-upswing would have taken place even without Hitler’s economic policy. On basis of our reassessment we can safely claim, however, that these programmes were a sufficient condition to create full employment as early as 1936.

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6

Wang, Yuan, Jiao Li, Lien-Chieh Lee, Mengyang Wang, and Huibin Du. "A review of input–output model application hot spots in the energy and environment fields based on co-words network analysis." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 4 (December 2019): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0110.

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Leontief’s input–output model (IOM) is a widely applied method for tracing energy or emissions embodied in economic activities. The economic IOM used in environmental science has aroused broad concerns from both economists and environmentalists. The aim of this study is to review the hotspots of application of IOM in the energy and environmental science fields based on a bibliometric method by using co-words network analysis. All 4938 publications in this study were retrieved from Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities. The keywords and frequently cited articles were studied to reveal the evolution of hot spots related to IOM applications in the field of energy and environment from 1998 to 2016. The features of the co-words network analysis of keywords were analyzed by four network indicators including modularity, number of clusters, closeness coefficient, and average path length. The results showed that “energy”, “CO2 emissions”, “GHG”, “LCA”, “industrial ecology”, “carbon footprint”, “China”, and “international trade” were the major application fields of IOM. In different stages the boundary of hot spots became overlapped and the whole network tightness became stronger. According to the analysis of frequently cited articles, we found those articles on CO2 or GHG emissions embodied in trade had been the most frequently cited articles since 2007 with negotiations on climate change. Based on our findings, using IOM to analyze important environmental problems is the key point to popularize IOM applications. Future research opportunities exist to apply IOM to wider environment issues, such as combined emissions and resources.

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7

KURYSHEV, Nikolai I. "Extending the W. Leontief's model by limiting the production system material resource – The objectivist concept of value." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 20, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1760–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.20.9.1760.

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Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the definition of the laws of pricing, as well as to the W. Leontief's economic circulation concept development. Objectives. The article aims to determine the principles of the objectivist concept of value on the basis of the analytical apparatus of the input-output method and build a mathematical model of price formation. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and mathematical analyses. Results. The article formulates the principle of formation of prices of production products in terms of the concept of economic circulation developed by W. Leontief, on the basis of limiting the volume of physical resources of the economic system. Conclusions. The solution of the problem of value within the framework of the input-output concept is possible, and this solution in terms of simplicity and commonality of initial prerequisites, is not inferior to the W. Leontief's economic circulation principle. The input-output concept, taking into account this addition, should be considered not just as an analytical tool, but a complete macroeconomic theory of production, as well.

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8

Emmenegger, J. F., D. Chable, H. A. Nour Eldin, and H. Knolle. "Sraffa and Leontief Revisited: Mathematical Methods and Models of a Circular Economy." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 2 (July 24, 2020): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.20.2.9.

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Introduction. Sometimes new results in one scientific field can help to study quite other branches. In the new book we observe application of various mathematical methods to study circular economics. The purpose of the paper is to give information about the new book “SRAFFA AND LEONTIEF REVISITED: Mathematical methods and models of a circular economy”. The academic editor Walter de Gruyter-Oldenbourg has published this monography in January 2020 in English language. Results. This book contributes to the increasing call for a comprehensive perception of economic production processes. The book is dedicated to Wassily Leontief’s concept of Input-Output Analysis and to Piero Sraffa's seminal book “Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities”. Single product and joint production industries of a circular economy are described, consequently using matrix algebra. The central role of the Perron-Frobenius Theorem for non-negative matrices, specially Perron-Frobenius eigenvalues and eigenvectors is revealed as a common basis of Sraffa’s and Leontief’s approaches and applied to clarify the basic economic assumptions which are inherent to economic production processes. Conclusions. The book addresses young researchers wishing to explore the foundations of circular economy, practitioners wishing to examine the potential of Sraffa’s price models in connection to Leontief’s Input-Output analysis. Advanced undergraduate, graduate, PhD students and their instructors in economics, political science or applied mathematics, who seek to understand Sraffa and the recent developments of the circular economy of inter industrial and national economy will find numerous examples with complete solutions, presented by a rich, formal, mathematical methodology, revealing the economic content of the results. Detailed examples and visualizing graphs are presented for applications of various mathematical methods. Keywords: Input-Output analysis, circular economy, Perron-Frobenius Theorem, non-negative matrix.

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9

Johnson, Thomas. "A continuous Leontief dynamic input-output model." Papers of the Regional Science Association 56, no. 1 (December 1985): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01887911.

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10

Johnson, Thomas. "A CONTINUOUS LEONTIEF DYNAMIC INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL." Papers in Regional Science 56, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1985.tb00846.x.

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11

KURYSHEV, Nikolai I. "The problem of measuring the quantity of output in the input–output model by W. Leontief in modeling the trends in economic reproduction of nations and regions." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1568–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.8.1568.

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Subject. This article deals with the problem of constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix. Objectives. The article aims to determine the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix on the basis of data on production time and quantity of product output. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and mathematical analyses. Results. The article formulates the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix, taking into account differences in the time of production, quantity of output, as well as the conditions for the reproduction of the resources expended. It summarizes these rules for the J. von Neumann model. Conclusions. The proposed approach to the analysis of the material mechanism of economic reproduction defines the relationship between the quantitative and cost characteristics of the production and consumption of products and resources. This relationship opens up new opportunities for the application of input–output models to create simple and accurate algorithms for identifying and predicting the macroeconomic trends.

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12

Liew, Chung J. "The dynamic variable input-output model: An advancement from the Leontief dynamic input-output model." Annals of Regional Science 34, no. 4 (December 31, 2000): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680000025.

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13

Cui, Yong Liang. "The Control of Leontief Model on Industry Manufacturing Process." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.287.

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The classic Leontief model on industry manufacturing process is investigated. A kind of discrete-time singular dynamic input-output model of industry manufacturing process based on the classic Leontief Model is provided and the stability of this kind of model is researched. By the new mathematic method, the singular dynamic input-output system will not be converted into the general linear system. Finally, a sufficient stability condition under which the discrete-time singular Extended Leontief Model is admissible is proved.

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14

江, 磊. "Computer Control Algorithm of Singular Leontief Input-Output Model." Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Research 02, no. 01 (2013): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/airr.2013.21011.

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15

Masbad, Jesah Grace, Vianca Mae Noel, Rauvel Shay Omega, Lanndon Ocampo, Arjeany Fretzhie Abatayo, Alaine Liggayu, and Van Gaitano Vergara. "Prioritizing Interdependent Production Processes using Leontief Input-Output Model." Management and Production Engineering Review 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0006.

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Abstract This paper proposes a methodology in identifying key production processes in an interdependent production system. Previous approaches on this domain have drawbacks that may potentially affect the reliability of decision-making. The proposed approach adopts the Leontief input-output model (L-IOM) which was proven successful in analyzing interdependent economic systems. The motivation behind such adoption lies in the strength of L-IOM in providing a rigorous quantitative framework in identifying key components of interdependent systems. In this proposed approach, the consumption and production flows of each process are represented respectively by the material inventory produced by the prior process and the material inventory produced by the current process, both in monetary values. A case study in a furniture production system located in central Philippines was carried out to elucidate the proposed approach. Results of the case were reported in this work

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Ebiefung, Aniekan, Michael Kostreva, and Ishita Majumdar. "Disjunctive programming and the generalized Leontief input–output model." Applied Mathematics and Computation 198, no. 2 (May 2008): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2007.08.055.

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17

NAKAYAMA, KEIKO. "Taxes and Subsidies in Leontief's Input-Output Model: A Further Considerataion." Studies in Regional Science 27, no. 2 (1997): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.27.2_59.

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18

Isac, G., and M. Kostreva. "The implicit generalized order complementarity problem and Leontief's input-output model." Applicationes Mathematicae 24, no. 2 (1997): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/am-24-2-113-125.

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19

Burres, David. "Homeomorphism between Leontief and Cobb-Douglas input-output models." Economics Letters 44, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)00307-a.

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20

Toroptsev, E. L., and A. S. Marakhovskii. "Analysis of macrostructural dynamics framed by the “input–output” methodology." Journal of the New Economic Association 53, no. 1 (2022): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-53-1-1.

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The purpose of this article is to publish the author’s method of the economy structural dynamics formalized analysis based on a dynamic model of input-output balance represented by a system of ordinary differential equations. The model is digitized based on the Rosstat data on the formation of the output of goods and services and elements of its own statistical research base. The methodological components of our work are the provisions of systemic, cross-sectoral and structural dynamic analysis. The presented theoretical and methodological statements, brought to a sequence of verified calculations, exploit the basic dynamic model of inputoutput balance, first published by V.V. Leontief in 1952. For many decades this model remained among so-called “purely theoretical constructions”, since it was never digitized. It was out of many computable models for two reasons: 1) degeneracy of the incremental capital capacities matrix (capital coefficients, as by V.V. Leontief) was believed to be indisputable; 2) the appearance of negative elements in the same matrix when attempting to digitize the model. The results of the work are as follows: the method to digitize the model; the method of numerical assessment of inertia and analysis of structural dynamics in macroeconomics. In a digitized form, the model is made up to solve the structural stability problem, to assess the impact of structural reforms on economic growth, and to analyze the internal / intrinsic dynamic properties of economic systems. This gives possibilities to use this model both independently corresponding to the application, and integrate into the advanced model complexes such as RIM — Russian Interindustry Model by IEF RAS (the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences).

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Kulyk, М. M. "Modification of the Ghosh model structure in inter-sectoral analysis." Problems of General Energy 2020, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 06–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2020.03.006.

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The current Ghosh model is based on the use of value-added forecast data. The forecasts of gross domestic product and value added have long and regularly been developed by different national and international economic and financial structures, including governmental ones. The level of methods and accuracy of such forecasts is quite high as compared with the final demand forecasts on which the Leontief model is based. Therefore, from the econometric point of view, the accuracy of predictions of output made by using the Ghosh model should be at least not worse than that provided by the classical Leontief model. The modified Ghosh model formally differs from its current model by the presence of a new matrix. However, this difference is only a structural feature, and in mathematical terms these models are identical. At the same time, the modified Ghosh model is more attractive and promising than the current one due to the following factors. It uses one matrix instead of two matrices that appear in the current model. The modified model has a structure (unlike the current one) similar to the structure of the classical Leontief model. Due to this, the modified model is more understandable and easy to use. However, the most important feature lies in the fact that the use of a new matrix significantly expands the possibilities of theoretical research within the input-output structures. Due to constructing a new matrix in the modified Ghosh model, new relations between the vectors of final demand and value added were discovered, which can be efficiently used in balancing the system of input-output matrices. It was also established that the corresponding matrices of the classical Leontief model and the modified Ghosh model have identical diagonal elements in pairs, and this is useful in various analytical studies. Keywords: modified Ghosh model, input-output, Leontief model, value added, final demand

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BETZ, FREDERICK. "MODELING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY: INTEGRATING ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND POPULATION MODELS." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 01 (February 2013): 1350007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013500077.

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For economic and environmental policies aimed at developing sustainable economies, it is important to have a general modeling approach which can quantitatively connect economic processes with biological and physical processes of the environment. If economic processes cannot be measured as to their real physical/biological impacts, one does not know whether or not such economic processes are sustainable in nature. To create an integrated economic/environmental model, we have mathematically generalized the Leontief's input–output economic model — from vector notation to tensor notation. The use of tensor mathematics for input–output models of both an economy and its environment provides a data architecture to create simulation models of the environmental impact of an economy.

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Yusuf, Darius P. B., K. M. Koko, and Yusuf Usman Mok. "Performance of an Economy System Using Linear Algebraic Solution." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4673.

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This study is set out to examine a linear algebra approach to economy. The Leontief input-output model was used to determine the production vector for goods and services. Data were collected from three different sectors of the economy; they are poultry farm, a gas depot and a textile store. The result shows that the production vector x is positive which in turns implies that the Leontief input-output model is a good approach to determine the profitability of an economic system.

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Stetsyuk, Petro, Maria Grygorak, Oleg Berezovskyi, and Oleksii Lykhovyd. "Mathematical Models of M.V. Mykhalevych for Forecasting Structural and Technological Changes." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 3 (November 29, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.22.3.6.

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Introduction. The identification of structural and technological disproportions that affect crisis phenomena in the economy and the analysis of ways to eliminate them require a wide application of quantitative research methods, in particular, mathematical modeling. “Input-Output” tables of Leontief turned out to be quite a convenient tool for analyzing these economic issues. In Leontief-type models, the matrix of technical coefficients (matrix of direct costs) is assumed to be known and calculated on the basis of statistical information from the “input-output” tables. M.V. Mykhalevych formulated the “inverse” problem: how to determine those structural and technological changes that would reduce the cost of production and thereby increase the incomes of end consumers and make the economy more dynamic. Or, in other words, how to choose or adjust technical coefficients to improve the properties of the economic process. This work is devoted to two optimization problems built on the basis of models of this type. The purpose of the article is to optimize the interdisciplinary planning of structural and technological changes. Results. Inverse models of the Leontief type for optimization of structural and technological transformations in economic systems are considered. These models are formulated in terms of nonlinear programming problems and include two objective functions for maximization: total consumer incomes and the “income growth–production growth” multiplier. Algorithms and software for solving these problems are presented. Numerical optimization procedures are based on Shor's r-algorithm. Conclusions. The use of inverse models of the Leontief type will allow choosing promising directions of structural and technological transformations in both the macro- and microeconomy. The proposed mathematical apparatus based on non-smooth optimization algorithms proved to be a sufficiently effective tool for solving appropriate optimization problems in practice. Keywords: structural and technological changes, inter-industry balance, Leontief model, “input-output” matrix, inverse Leontief-type models, non-smooth optimization algorithms, software.

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Lijiang, Zhu. "Linear spectral mixture analysis with the Open Leontief Input-Output Model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 17 (March 18, 2014): 012223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/17/1/012223.

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Deman, S. "Stability of Supply Coefficients and Consistency of Supply-Driven and Demand-Driven Input—Output Models." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 6 (June 1988): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200811.

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The motivation behind this paper is to review the debate on inconsistencies in and growing concern over the validity of a supply-driven model as an alternative to the Leontief demand-driven model for interindustry analysis. Both the Leontief demand-driven and the Ghoshian alternative supply-constrained allocation specification are critically discussed. Various claims and counterclaims have been addressed in the literature available on this issue. A general condition is derived for consistency between the two approaches, and a theorem is stated in which greater confidence is provided in the use of the supply-driven model for interindustry analysis.

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Ortiz, Carlos Humberto, and Javier Andrés Castro. "Technological Integration and Income Gaps." Lecturas de Economía, no. 68 (November 11, 2008): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n68a271.

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Leontief (1963) sostiene que los países subdesarrollados son pobres porque son en gran medida, económicamente menos diversificados. Este artículo muestra que un modelo de equilibrio general con una estructura de insumo-producto estable y con una externalidad de la productividad generada por diversificación de factores, puede ser consistente con la hipótesis de Leontief. Una versión del modelo en economía abierta permite la posibilidad de violar el teorema de la igualación del precio de los factores, permitiendo así que las economías desarrolladas obtengan una alta remuneración de capital y un alto nivel de ingreso. Se presenta alguna evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre la integración tecnológica y el ingreso real. Palabras clave: Insumo-producto, integración tecnológica, brecha del ingreso, estructuras tecnológicas asimétricas, igualdad de los precios de los factores. Clasificación JEL: C67, D57, F11, L60, O14. Abstract: Leontief (1963) claimed that underdeveloped countries are poor because they are by far less economically diversified. This paper shows that a general equilibrium model with a stable input-output structure and a productivity externality due to input diversification may be consistent with Leontief´s hypothesis. An open economy version of the model yields the possibility of breaking the factor price equalization theorem so that developed economies enjoy higher capital remuneration and higher income level. Some empirical evidence on the relationship between technological integration and real income is provided. Keywords: input-output, technological integration, income gaps, asymmetric technological structures, factor price equalization. JEL Classification: C67, D57, F11, L60, O14. Résumé: Leontief (1963) soutient que les pays sous-développés sont pauvres parce qu'ils sont moins diversifiés. Cet article présente un modèle d'équilibre général avec une structure input-output stable et avec une externalité dans la productivité entrainée par la diversification dans les facteurs de production. Il s'agit d'un modèle qui peut être consistant avec l'hypothèse de Leontief. Une version de ce modèle en économie ouverte permet de rejeter le théorème de l'égalisation des prix des facteurs, permettant ainsi que les économies développées puissent obtenir une rémunération de capital élevée et un niveau de revenu également élevée. Nous présentons une évidence empirique sur la relation entre l'intégration technologique et le revenu réel. Mots clef: structure input-output, intégration technologique, écarts de revenu, structures technologiques asymétriques, égalisation des prix des facteurs. Classification JEL: C67, D57, F11, L60, O14.

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Steenge, Albert E., and Richard van den Berg. "Transcribing the Tableau Économique: Input-Output Analysis à la Quesnay." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 29, no. 3 (September 2007): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710701514745.

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Since its publication in 1955, Almarin Phillips' article “The Tableau Économique as a Simple Leontief Model” has inspired an interesting line of interpretation of the arithmetical schemes presented two centuries earlier by François Quesnay. Subsequent attempts to represent the Tableaux économiques in the form of Input-Output transcriptions by Shlomo Maital (1972), Bernhard Korte (1972), Tibor Barna (1975), and Paul Samuelson (1986), among others, have underlined the brilliance of the French doctor's formal conception of the economy as a reproductive system.

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Panchal, Charmi, Pasi Luukka, and Jorma K. Mattila. "Leontief input-output model with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and Gauss-Seidel algorithm." International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking 4, no. 4 (2014): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpmb.2014.065523.

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Chandra, Jeya, and Susan O. Schall. "Economic Justification of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using the Leontief Input-Output Model." Engineering Economist 34, no. 1 (January 1988): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00137918808902976.

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Shananin, Alexander A., and Anastasiya V. Rassokha. "Inverse problems in analysis of input-output model in the class of CES functions." Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems 29, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jiip-2020-0138.

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Abstract The article proposes a modification of the approach to the analysis of inter-industry balance. Instead of linear models of inter-industry balance, based on the hypothesis of W. Leontief about the constancy of the cost standards of production factors, the article studies nonlinear models. For the case of production functions with constant elasticity of substitution (CES) an algorithm for solving the inverse problem is proposed, which allows to identify the model of nonlinear inter-industry balance based on the data of the symmetric input-output table. Based on the Young transform and Fennel duality, with the help of this model, we develop a technology for analyzing inter-industry relationships. The technology has been tested on the data of economic statistics of Russia.

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TSIBUL'SKII, Vladimir R., Il'ya G. SOLOV'EV, Larisa V. VAZHENINA, and Denis A. GOVORKOV. "Estimation of the input-output balance model for the South of the Tyumen Oblast." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 20, no. 8 (August 14, 2022): 1586–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.20.8.1586.

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Subject. Monitoring and predicting the trajectories of the development of regions on the basis of the Leontief balance model. Objectives. Development of the balance tables estimating schemes for the south of the Tyumen Oblast according to statistical data of typical economic indicators. Methods. Two options for solving the problem of estimating balance tables are considered. In the first variant the reference matrix of direct costs is adjusted to the statistical data of the system of national accounts for the Tyumen Oblast. The second variant is to use the industry cost structure for Russia to customize the regional table. Results. In the first approximation, the structure of aggregation of industries into subsystems was chosen in accordance with the development strategy of the Tyumen Oblast until 2030. The obtained images of the tables correspond to the balance ratios and productivity conditions of the Leontief matrix. Conclusions. The results of adjusting the input-output model for the south of the Tyumen Oblast according to the available statistical data in general demonstrate the efficiency of the presented methods for assessing direct cost matrices. The choice of the structure of aggregation of indicators in accordance with the development strategy of the region allows to compare the predicted and model trajectories of economic development for characteristic groups of industries.

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Sonis, Michael, and Geoffrey J. D. Hewings. "TEMPORAL LEONTIEF INVERSE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 2, no. 1 (March 1998): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100598006051.

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Interest in structural change over time has created a demand for analytical tools that can assist in exploiting trends and uncover tendencies in individual sectors or parts of sectors within the context of an economywide system of accounts. This paper offers an alternative approach and is designed to be used with annual input-output or social accounting systems. To date, analysts have been faced with the prospect of conducting simple comparative static approaches or the enormity of the task involved in constructing dynamic models with complex lead and lag structures. The temporal Leontief inverse, introduced in this paper, offers a less complex, more tractable method for examining structural change when a time series of input-output tables is available. The method draws upon some earlier work that proposed the notion of a field of influence of change and explored alternative methods of decomposition of change.

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Gürkan, Yay, and Serkan Keçeli. "The intersectoral linkage effects in Turkish economy: an application of static Leontief model." Panoeconomicus 56, no. 3 (2009): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0903301g.

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In this study, the leading activities of Turkish Economy whose changes in their structure of production, value-added and employment are interrelated with the other activities of the economy, are found by using the input-output model which is presented and called as an 'Application of the General Equilibrium Theory' by Leontief. For this purpose; firstly theoretical foundations of the input-output model are examined. After that, 59 activities of the 2002 Input-Output Table of the Turkish Economy are aggregated at 52 sectors and classified into three categories as Ricardo Sectors, High-Technology Sectors and Heckscher-Ohlin Sectors like Dasgupta and Chakraborty did for the Indian Economy in 2005. Then, the leading, key or strong activities of the economy that are more interrelated with other activities are calculated and found by the Static Leontief Model which is used by the Traditional Methods as the techniques to calculate the linkage effects like Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen methods to determine the sectors having the highest priority at investment policies according to the Hirschmanian Unbalanced Growth Model. As a result of the interpretation of Leontief Model, using the traditional methods of Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen while calculating the linkage effects rather than the hypothesis extraction methods like Strassert's Original Extraction Method, Cella's Extraction Method, Sonis' Pure Linkage Method and Dietzenbacher and Van der Linden's Method or a SAM (Social Accounting Method) model which does not omit the income generating process (distributing income among primary factors and households as a result of production) of a sector, in Turkey, the Heckscher-Ohlin Sectors mostly seen in the manufacturing industry which Kaldor refers as the engine of growth, are stronger than the other sectors.

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Wang, Zhe, Yu Li, Ze Hong Li, Liang Yuan, and Ji Zheng. "An Analysis of Carbon Footprint of Beijing Based on Input-Output Model." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1052.

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Climate change caused by increasing carbon emission is harmful to global environment and human society. Developing low-carbon economy through reasonable industries planning and effective utilization of resources is a significant path to achieve the aim of energy saving and carbon emission reduction. The word carbon footprint means carbon emission caused by a certain industry, activity, product or individual, and the issue of carbon emission should be linked with economic activity to analyze, while input-output model is a reliable method to contact two factors. Based on input-output model, this paper calculated direct or indirect carbon emission which is demanded for the products of final consumption in Beijing, and analyzed carbon footprint of each industrial sector in 2005, 2007 and 2010 by operating Leontief matrix. The result demonstrates annual carbon emission of Beijing increased from 10482.68×104ton to 17407.28×104ton during 2000-2011. Manufacturing industry, excavating industry, transportation and postal industry exert supreme impact on carbon emission in Beijing. Carbon footprint of transportation and postal industry and other tertiary industries such as information, business, service, education, science researching industries in 2010 had an obvious rise compare with the data of 2005 and 2007.

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Jódar, L., and P. Merello. "Positive solutions of discrete dynamic Leontief input–output model with possibly singular capital matrix." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 52, no. 7-8 (October 2010): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2010.02.043.

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Yasmin, Tahira, Ghaleb A. El Refae, and Shorouq Eletter. "Sectoral productivity in Hungarian economy: an input-output linkages approach." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 6, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v6i2.318.

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With the pace of economic development, many changes exist on production and consumption side. The study attempts to re-investigate the production structure change in Hungarian economy by ranking sectors. We used the latest input-output table for 2011 available by OECD. The study employed the Leontief model for demand side for forward linkages indices, while supply side for backward linkages indices to examine the ranking sectors structure changes. Findings has shown that on demand and supply side key sectors stand as prominent sectors such as manufacturing, metals, wholesale and retail trade and telecommunications. New evidence is found that Hungary economy need to have careful planning in order to attract FDI as hub of investment. There is also utmost importance to promote education to have human capital in order to meet long term challenges. Lastly, country still have high global competitiveness which shed light on its new economic policies as readiness towards technical innovation, successful market place and specialization process.

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Bakinezos, Constantina, Stelios Panagiotou, and Evangelia Vourvachaki. "Multiplier effects by sector: an input-output analysis of the Greek economy." Economic bulletin, no. 52 (December 2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52903/econbull20205201.

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This study presents sectoral output, gross value added and employment multipliers for the Greek economy based on the most recent Input-Output tables of 2015, which were compiled according to the European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010. Our analysis utilises the Leontief model, in both the “open” and “closed” variations with respect to households’ consumption, which allows to assess, at a disaggregated sectoral level, the direct and indirect production effects, as well as the induced consumption effects caused by exogenous changes in the final demand of each sector. The multipliers offer an up-to-date and systematic ranking of sectors according to their economy-wide potential impact owing to their technological features and inter-sectoral linkages.

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Ingham, Alan, Alister Ulph, and Mehmet Toker. "A Vintage Model of Scrapping and Investment." Recherches économiques de Louvain 54, no. 2 (1988): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800083251.

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SummaryThis paper constructs and estimates a vintage model of production for manufacturing in the U.K. including the investment and scrapping decisions. The model uses a generalised Leontief flexible functional form, which allows for the testing of ex-ante and ex-post substitution. The data does not allow the rejection of some substitutability at both ex-ante and ex-post stages. The model also allows for an examination of price responsiveness of input-output coefficients. Finally the model is used to construct a capacity utilisation index.

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Liashenko, Olena, and Lesya Khrushch. "Determination of the environmental tax on the basis of modified input-output Leontief-Ford model." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 4(41) (January 23, 2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2018.133309.

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Allan, Grant J., Nicholas D. Hanley, Peter G. Mcgregor, J. Kim Swales, and Karen R. Turner. "Augmenting the Input–Output Framework for ‘Common Pool’ Resources: Operationalising the Full Leontief Environmental Model." Economic Systems Research 19, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535310601164724.

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Ebiefung, Aniekan A., and Michael M. Kostreva. "The generalized Leontief input-output model and its application to the choice of new technology." Annals of Operations Research 44, no. 2 (June 1993): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02061065.

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Ábel, István, and Imre Dobos. "Singularity in the Discrete Dynamic Leontief Model." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 25, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.8432.

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A new wave of applications of the dynamic Leontief model brought into the forefront the singularity problem of the capital matrix. In these applications the singularity of the capital matrix is a common occurrence which complicates the solution of the model. In the singular case the model cannot be transformed in a direct forward recursive form. The method presented in this paper determines the length of a backward system (τ). Several applications stop at observing singularity while referring to the theoretical possibility of the solution. In particular, the singularity of the capital matrix played a prominent role in Bródy’s extensive contributions to the input-output literature but he never ventured into the details of its various solutions. We demonstrate that a number of papers dealing with the Leontief model with singular capital matrix based their solutions on similar regularity assumptions. Our formulation in this paper offers a brief overview of the approaches that can be followed in a wide range of applications confronting with the singularity problem.

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Campisi, D., A. Nastasi, and A. La Bella. "Balanced Growth and Stability of the Leontief Dynamic Model: An Analysis of the Italian Economy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 4 (April 1992): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240591.

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In the theory and practice of dynamic input-output modelling, the relative stability of the balanced-growth solution is a concept of particular interest. In fact, if the condition for the relative stability is satisfied, then the ratio between the balanced-growth output of each sector and the nonbalanced one converges to a positive constant as time passes, regardless of the initial sectoral distribution of production in the system. Thus, an economically meaningful trajectory is assured for any given starting point. This topic is properly discussed in the present paper, with the realistic case that the capital coefficient matrix is singular and each sector uses at least one capital good in its productive process being considered. Moreover, the stated results are applied to the Italian economy for 1985 by utilizing the intersectoral matrices calculated on the basis of the most recent input-output data.

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Szyld, Daniel B. "Conditions for the Existence of a Balance Growth Solution for the Leontief Dynamic Input-Output Model." Econometrica 53, no. 6 (November 1985): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913215.

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46

Ivan, Potravny, Gusev Andrey, Stoykov Vasily, and Gassiy Violetta. "Modification of the Leontief-Ford Input-Output Model for the Green Economy Goals and Environment Protection." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 05, no. 11 (2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.511002.

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Mujeri, Mustafa K., and Mohammad Alauddin. "Trade and Linkages Using Input-Output Approach: An Empirical Investigation of Bangladesh." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i1pp.75-92.

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Employing a variant of the open-static Leontief model and a 53-sector input-output table, the paper identifies a variant of the key sectors in the Bangladesh economy in terms of trade linkages. The concepts of gross and net linkages are introduced and the analysis is extended to both current (flow) and capital (stock) accounts. On the gross linkage criterion, only a handfnl of sectors emerge as key sectors with three or more linkages. These sectors are from within the manufacturing and services categories. This is also the case with sectors having two strong linkages. Agricultural sectors do not feature at all. A transition from gross to net linkages changes the rankings quite significantly. Most agricultural sectors show two strong linkages in the flow account. The findings suggest that Bangladeshi export sector· is typically undiversified in that it relies heavily on agriculture and related industries, with jute and jute textiles accounting for over 70 percent of net export earnings. Not surprisingly, most sectors in the industrial complex are net importers and the domestic production of industrial goods is highly importintensive.

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Edler, Dietmar, and Tatjana Ribakova. "The Leontief-Duchin-Szyld dynamic input-output model with reduction of idle capacity and modified decision function." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 4, no. 2 (December 1993): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0954-349x(93)90020-k.

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Kacprzak, Dariusz. "Solving Systems of Linear Equations under Conditions of Uncertainty on the Example of the Leontief Model." Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (September 11, 2019): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2018-0017.

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Abstract The paper presents various methods of solving systems of linear equations under conditions of uncertainty. In a situation when the parameters of such systems cannot be precisely determined with real numbers, they can be represented by interval numbers, fuzzy numbers or ordered fuzzy numbers. Solutions of systems of linear equations with such representations of parameters are shown in the example of Leontief input-output model. It has also been shown that when ordered fuzzy numbers are applied, their additional feature – orientation – can broaden and deepen economic analysis.

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Kronenberg, Kai, Matthias Fuchs, and Maria Lexhagen. "A multi-period perspective on tourism’s economic contribution – a regional input-output analysis for Sweden." Tourism Review 73, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2017-0044.

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Purpose Previous studies on tourism input-output (IO) primarily focus on a single year’s snapshot or utilize outdated IO coefficients. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the multi-period development of regional tourism capacities and its influence on the magnitude of the industry’s regional economic contribution. The paper highlights the importance of applying up-to-date IO coefficients to avoid estimation bias typically found in previous studies on tourism’s economic contribution. Design/methodology/approach For the period 2008-2014, national IO tables are regionalized to estimate direct and indirect economic effects for output, employment, income and other value-added deffects. A comparison of Leontief inverse matrices is conducted to quantify estimation bias when using outdated models for analyzing tourism’s economic contribution. Findings On the one hand, economic linkages strengthened, especially for labour-intensive sectors. On the other hand, sectoral recessions in 2012 and 2014 led to an economy-wide decline of indirect effects, although tourists’ consumption was still increasing. Finally, estimation bias observed after applying an outdated IO model is quantified by approximately US$4.1m output, 986 jobs full-time equivalents, US$24.8m income and US$14.8m other value-added effects. Research limitations/implications Prevailing assumptions on IO modelling and regionalization techniques aim for more precise survey-based approaches and computable general equilibrium models to incorporate net changes in economic output. Results should be cross-validated by means of qualitative interviews with industry representatives. Practical implications Additional costs for generating IO tables on an annual base clearly pay off when considering the improved accuracy of estimates on tourism’s economic contribution. Originality/value This study shows that tourism IO studies should apply up-to-date IO models when estimating the industry’s economic contribution. It provides evidence that applying outdated models involve the risk of estimation biases, because annual changes of multipliers substantially influence the magnitude of effects.

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