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Journal articles on the topic 'Leopard lizard'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Jacobson, Faelan, Grace Garrison, Jacob Penner, João Zecchini Gebin, Maria Eifler, and Douglas Eifler. "Escape behaviour in the leopard lizard (Gambelia wislizenii): effects of starting distance and sex." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 3 (2016): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003054.

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Predation risk influences decision making, escape behaviour, and resource use. Risk assessment and behavioural responses to predation can depend on demographic and environmental factors. We studied the escape behaviour of the long-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia wislizenii) when approached by a human predator (= “simulated predator”), analysing flight initiation distance (FID) and flight distance (FD) relative to demographic and environmental variables. Starting distance (SD) of the simulated predator and orientation of prey lizards relative to the simulated predator influenced FID, but body size of the prey lizard did not. Sex interacted with SD to affect FID. Females lengthened their FIDs as SD increased, while male FID was unrelated to SD. Flight distance increased with increasing SD. Gambelia wislizenii’s ecological role as an ambush predator may explain their escape behaviour; reproductive status potentially affected the interaction between sex and SD.

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2

Goldberg, Stephen R., Clark R. Mahrdt, and Kent R. Beaman. "Reproduction in Cope's Leopard Lizard, Gambelia copeii (Squamata: Crotaphytidae)." Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences 109, no. 1 (2010): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-109.1.15.

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3

Wellehan, James F. X., April J. Johnson, Balázs Harrach, et al. "Detection and Analysis of Six Lizard Adenoviruses by Consensus Primer PCR Provides Further Evidence of a Reptilian Origin for the Atadenoviruses." Journal of Virology 78, no. 23 (2004): 13366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.23.13366-13369.2004.

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ABSTRACT A consensus nested-PCR method was designed for investigation of the DNA polymerase gene of adenoviruses. Gene fragments were amplified and sequenced from six novel adenoviruses from seven lizard species, including four species from which adenoviruses had not previously been reported. Host species included Gila monster, leopard gecko, fat-tail gecko, blue-tongued skink, Tokay gecko, bearded dragon, and mountain chameleon. This is the first sequence information from lizard adenoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses belong to the genus Atadenovirus, supporting the reptilian origin of atadenoviruses. This PCR method may be useful for obtaining templates for initial sequencing of novel adenoviruses.

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4

Germano, David J., Paul T. Smith, and Stephen P. Tabor. "FOOD HABITS OF THE BLUNT-NOSED LEOPARD LIZARD (GAMBELIA SILA)." Southwestern Naturalist 52, no. 2 (2007): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[318:fhotbl]2.0.co;2.

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5

Grimes, Adam J., Gwynne Corrigan, David J. Germano, and Paul T. Smith. "Mitochondrial phylogeography of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard,Gambelia sila." Southwestern Naturalist 59, no. 1 (2014): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/f06-gc-233.1.

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6

Ferkin, Michael H., and Lara D. LaDage. "Male leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) can discriminate between two familiar females." Behaviour 143, no. 8 (2006): 1033–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853906778623644.

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AbstractMuch is known about the abilities of various taxa concerning discrimination of species, sex, familiarity-based discrimination and individual discrimination. However, literature pertaining to the precision of discrimination within lizard taxa assumes that discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar individuals can be extrapolated to include individual discrimination between two familiar individuals. The present study had two aims. First, we determined that male leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) can concurrently become familiar with two different females and discriminate those females from a novel female. Second, we investigated the ability of male leopard geckos to distinguish between two familiar females using a habituation-dishabituation paradigm. Males habituated to the presence of the first female, exhibited by decreased typical courtship behaviours directed towards that female. Male courtship behaviours, however, were reinstated upon introduction of the second familiar female. These results indicate that males possess the ability to discriminate between two familiar females and adjust their courtship efforts appropriately.

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7

Germano, David J., and Daniel F. Williams. "ONTOGENETIC AND SEASONAL CHANGES IN COLORATION OF THE BLUNT-NOSED LEOPARD LIZARD (GAMBELIA SILA)." Southwestern Naturalist 52, no. 1 (2007): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[46:oascic]2.0.co;2.

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8

Lappin, A. Kristopher, and Michael German. "Feeding behavior modulation in the leopard lizard (Gambelia wislizenii): Effects of noxious versus innocuous prey." Zoology 108, no. 4 (2005): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2005.09.001.

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9

Germano, David J. "PREDATION OF THE ENDANGERED BLUNT-NOSED LEOPARD LIZARD (GAMBELIA SILA) IN THE SAN JOAQUIN DESERT OF CALIFORNIA." Southwestern Naturalist 63, no. 4 (2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-63-4-276.

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10

Westphal, Michael F., Joseph A. E. Stewart, Erin N. Tennant, H. Scott Butterfield, and Barry Sinervo. "Contemporary Drought and Future Effects of Climate Change on the Endangered Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizard, Gambelia sila." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (2016): e0154838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154838.

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11

Mukaratirwa, S., L. J. La Grange, M. P. Malatji, B. Reininghaus, and J. Lamb. "Prevalence and molecular identification of Trichinella species isolated from wildlife originating from Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 1 (2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17001079.

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AbstractTrichinella species are widely distributed on all continents with the exception of Antarctica, although the full spectrum of Trichinella species found in sub-Saharan African countries, and their hosts, has not been fully documented. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Trichinella in wildlife from the Greater Kruger National Park (GKNP) and adjacent areas located in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa, and to identify the species and/or genotypes of Trichinella larvae isolated from muscle tissues, using molecular techniques. A review of Trichinella spp. and their wildlife hosts reported during 1964–2011 was also conducted and the results were compared with our current study. Ninety samples representing 15 mammalian, two bird and three reptile species were screened for Trichinella infection during 2012–2016, using artificial digestion. Isolates detected were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcriber spacers ITS1 and ITS2, and expansion segment V (ESV) regions of ribosomal DNA, followed by molecular analysis of the sequences. Twenty samples from seven wildlife species were positive for Trichinella spp. larvae, with an overall prevalence of 21.1% (20/90). The prevalence was higher in carnivores (18.9%, 18/90) than in omnivores (2.2%, 2/90). Analysis of sequences showed that eight of the isolates – two from spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) (2/8), three from lion (Panthera leo) (3/13), one from leopard (Panthera pardus) (1/6), one from small spotted genet (Genetta genetta) (1/2) and one Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus) (1/2) – conformed to Trichinella zimbabwensis. One isolate from a hyaena was grouped under the encapsulated species clade comprising T. nelsoni and genotype Trichinella T8 reported to be present in South Africa. This is the first report confirming natural infection by T. zimbabwensis in hyaena, leopard, genet and Nile monitor lizard, adding to the body of knowledge on the epidemiology of Trichinella infections in the Greater Kruger National Park of South Africa. Ten Trichinella-like larval isolates recovered after digestion from four wildlife species in this study (2012–2016) revealed inconclusive results due to DNA degradation resulting from poor storage or too few larvae for analysis, in comparison to 20 unidentified isolates from five wildlife species during the 1964–2011 period.

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12

Bull, J. J. "Temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles: validity of sex diagnosis in hatchling lizards." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 6 (1987): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-224.

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In many reptiles, sex is determined by the incubation temperature of the egg. Studies of this phenomenon have usually diagnosed sex from gonads of hatchlings. The present study establishes the validity of this procedure in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination by diagnosing gonadal sex in hatchling leopard geckoes (Eublepharis macularius) and comparing these diagnoses with the sexes of the same animals as adults or subadults. The diagnosis of sex soon after hatching agreed with the subsequent diagnosis in all of the 96 animals studied. In a separate experiment, 29 eggs were divided between a male-producing and a female-producing treatment. Adult–subadult sex was significantly associated with temperature, indicating that temperature determined sex, and excluding for the first time the joint possibilities of differential mortality and (or) sex reversal after hatching. Previous fundamental assumptions about the nature of temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles are consequently well established.

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13

Bradley, Stefanie S., Erika Howe, Craig D. C. Bailey, and Matthew K. Vickaryous. "The Dendrite Arbor of Purkinje Cells Is Altered Following to Tail Regeneration in the Leopard Gecko." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (2021): 370–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab098.

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Abstract Purkinje cells of the cerebellum have a complex arborized arrangement of dendrites and are among the most distinctive cell types of the nervous system. Although the neuromorphology of Purkinje cells has been well described for some mammals and teleost fish, for most vertebrates less is known. Here we used a modified Golgi–Cox method to investigate the neuromorphology of Purkinje cells from the lizard Eublepharis macularius, the leopard gecko. Using Sholl and Branch Structure Analyses, we sought to investigate whether the neuromorphology of gecko Purkinje cells was altered in response to tail loss and regeneration. Tail loss is an evolved mechanism commonly used by geckos to escape predation. Loss of the tail represents a significant and sudden change in body length and mass, which is only partially recovered as the tail is regenerated. We predicted that tail loss and regeneration would induce a quantifiable change in Purkinje cell dendrite arborization. Post hoc comparisons of Sholl analyses data showed that geckos with regenerated tails have significant changes in dendrite diameter and the number of dendrite intersections in regions corresponding to the position of parallel fiber synapses. We propose that the neuromorphological alterations observed in gecko Purkinje cells represent a compensatory response to tail regrowth, and perhaps a role in motor learning.

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14

Steffen, John E., and Roger A. Anderson. "Abundance of the Long-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia wislizeni) is Influenced by Shrub Diversity and Cover in Southeast Oregon." American Midland Naturalist 156, no. 1 (2006): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[201:aotlll]2.0.co;2.

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15

Kamalu, Nkiru A., and Felicia E. Uwakwe. "Evaluation of Different Onchocerciass Manifestation by Age and Gender among Residents in Selected Endemic Villages in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 20 (July 2014): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.20.139.

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Aspects of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus was investigated in 9 villages in Okigwe LGA of Imo State, Nigeria between January 2010 and December 2011. The objectives were to compare the prevalence of different manifestations of Onchocerciasis according to gender and age, with view to determine if there had been a change in prevalence of Onchocerciasis among residents of some communities in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State. A cross sectional survey method was adopted for the study, blood free skin snips were collected from randomly selected consenting adults aged 5-62 years. Palpation for mobile subcutaneous lumps and clinical manifestation were observed among 960 persons comprising 511 males and 449 females. The commonest lesions observed were poor vision 17 %, nodules 15 %, leopard skin 20 %, lizard skin 15 %, and hanging groin 3 %. Musculo-skeletal pain (MSP) was recorded as one of the major complaints by 30 % of the subjects. The result showed that Onchocerciasis clinical manifestations are still prevalent, however nodules prevalence reduced among the sampled population (69.8 %).

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16

Tousignant, Alan, and David Crews. "Incubation temperature and gonadal sex affect growth and physiology in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination." Journal of Morphology 224, no. 2 (1995): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240205.

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17

Crews, David, Patricia Coomber, and Francisco Gonzalez-Lima. "Effects of age and sociosexual experience on the morphology and metabolic capacity of brain nuclei in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination." Brain Research 758, no. 1-2 (1997): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00222-9.

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18

McAllister, Chris T., and Charles R. Bursey. "Some Nematode and Acanthocephalan Parasites of the Longnose Leopard Lizard, Gambelia wislizenii (Lacertilia: Crotaphytidae), from Arizona, California, and Texas, with a Summary of the Helminths Reported from this Host." Comparative Parasitology 74, no. 1 (2007): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4230.1.

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19

Coomber, Patricia, David Crews, and Francisco Gonzalez-Lima. "Independent effects of incubation temperature and gonadal sex on the volume and metabolic capacity of brain nuclei in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination." Journal of Comparative Neurology 380, no. 3 (1997): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970414)380:3<409::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-6.

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20

Endo, Daisuke, and Min Kyun Park. "Quantification of three steroid hormone receptors of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination: their tissue distributions and the effect of environmental change on their expressions." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 136, no. 4 (2003): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00310-5.

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21

ESQUERRÉ, DAMIEN, JAIME TRONCOSO-PALACIOS, CARLOS F. GARÍN, and HERMAN NÚNEZ. "The missing leopard lizard: Liolaemus ubaghsi sp. nov., a new species of the leopardinus clade (Reptilia: Squamata: Liolaemidae) from the Andes of the O’Higgins Region in Chile." Zootaxa 3815, no. 4 (2014): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3815.4.3.

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22

Guo, Longhua, Joshua Bloom, Steve Sykes, et al. "Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 6 (2021): e1009580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009580.

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The squamates (lizards and snakes) are close relatives of birds and mammals, with more than 10,000 described species that display extensive variation in a number of important biological traits, including coloration, venom production, and regeneration. Due to a lack of genomic tools, few genetic studies in squamates have been carried out. The leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, is a popular companion animal, and displays a variety of coloration patterns. We took advantage of a large breeding colony and used linkage analysis, synteny, and homozygosity mapping to investigate a spontaneous semi-dominant mutation, “Lemon Frost”, that produces white coloration and causes skin tumors (iridophoroma). We localized the mutation to a single locus which contains a strong candidate gene, SPINT1, a tumor suppressor implicated in human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and over-proliferation of epithelial cells in mice and zebrafish. Our work establishes the leopard gecko as a tractable genetic system and suggests that a tumor suppressor in melanocytes in humans can also suppress tumor development in iridophores in lizards.

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23

Germano, David J., Daniel F. Williams, and Walter Tordoff III. "Effect of Drought on Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizards (Gambelia sila)." Northwestern Naturalist 75, no. 1 (1994): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3536555.

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24

Abdel-Ghaffar, F. A., M. A. Shazly, O. H. El-Habit, I. S. Gamil та R. M. Mansour. "Life Cycle of Isospora Pardali Sp. Nov. ( Apicomplexa : Eimeriidae ) Infecting the Leopard Fringe-Fingered Lizard , Acanthodactylus Pardalis Lichtenstein , 1823 ( Reptilia : Lacertidae ) in Egypt = دورة حياة أيزوسبورا باردالي ( نوع جديد ) ( معقدات القمة : أيميريدي ) الذي يصيب سقنقر جلد النمر ليتشنستين 1823 ( زواحف : سحالي ) في مصر". Egyptian Journal Of Zoology 63 (1 червня 2015): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0014490.

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25

Higham, Timothy E., and Anthony P. Russell. "Flip, flop and fly: modulated motor control and highly variable movement patterns of autotomized gecko tails." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (2009): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0577.

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Many animals lose and regenerate appendages, and tail autotomy in lizards is an extremely well-studied example of this. Whereas the energetic, ecological and functional ramifications of tail loss for many lizards have been extensively documented, little is known about the behaviour and neuromuscular control of the autotomized tail. We used electromyography and high-speed video to quantify the motor control and movement patterns of autotomized tails of leopard geckos ( Eublepharis macularius ). In addition to rhythmic swinging, we show that they exhibit extremely complex movement patterns for up to 30 min following autotomy, including acrobatic flips up to 3 cm in height. Unlike the output of most central pattern generators (CPGs), muscular control of the tail is variable and can be arrhythmic. We suggest that the gecko tail is well suited for studies involving CPGs, given that this spinal preparation is naturally occurring, requires no surgery and exhibits complex modulation.

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26

Warrick, Gregory D., Thomas T. Kato, and Barbara R. Rose. "Microhabitat Use and Home Range Characteristics of Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizards." Journal of Herpetology 32, no. 2 (1998): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565295.

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27

Gallas, Moisés, and Eliane Fraga da Silveira. "Mesocestoides sp. (Eucestoda, Mesocestoididae) parasitizing four species of wild felines in Southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 2 (2011): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000200014.

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Leopardus colocolo, Leopardus geoffroyi, Leopardus tigrinus and Puma yagouaroundi are wild feline species endangered mainly due to habitat destruction and vehicle run overs. Seventeen felines hit on the roads were collected in Southern Brazil and examined for parasites. Cestodes were identified as Mesocestoides sp. The parasites were found in the small intestine of the hosts with a prevalence of 66.7% (L. colocolo and L. tigrinus), 60% (P. yagouaroundi) and 50% (L. geoffroyi). Rodents and lizards were found in the stomach contents and they possibly were intermediate hosts of Mesocestoides sp. This is the first report of Mesocestoides sp. in wild felines in Brazil.

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28

Germano, David J., and Daniel F. Williams. "Population Ecology of Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizards in High Elevation Foothill Habitat." Journal of Herpetology 39, no. 1 (2005): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0001:peobll]2.0.co;2.

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29

DePerno, Christopher S., William E. Cooper, and Laura J. Steele. "Do lingual behaviors and locomotion by two gekkotan lizards after experimental loss of bitten prey indicate chemosensory search?" Amphibia-Reptilia 17, no. 3 (1996): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853896x00405.

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AbstractPoststrike elevation in tongue-flicking rate (PETF) and strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) were assessed experimentally in two species of gekkonoid lizards belonging to families differing in foraging mode. PETF is an increase in rate of lingual protrusions after a prey item has been bitten and escapes or is removed from the mouth of a squamate reptile, whereas SICS is PETF combined with locomotory searching behavior. Eublepharis mucularius, the leopard gecko, is an actively, albeit slowly, foraging eublepharid. This species exhibited PETF for a duration of about five minutes based on total lingual protrusions. Labial-licks were initially much more frequent than tongue-flicks. A substantial increase in movement occurred during minutes 5-8, hinting that SICS might be present, but was not quite significant. SICS is likely present, as in other actively foraging lizards, but was not conclusively demonstrated. Handling the lizards induced increased locomotion in both the experimental condition and a control condition, presumably accounting for the apparent delay in onset of increased movement. The tokay gecko, Gekko gecko, a gekkonid ambush forager, performed no tongue-flicks, but exhibited PETF based on labial-licks during the first minute. SICS was absent. These findings support the hypothesis that SICS is absent in ambush foraging lizards, which do not use the lingual-vomeronasal system to search for prey. They are suggestive, but equivocal regarding the hypothesis that SICS is present in actively foraging lizards that exhibit lingually mediated prey chemical discrimination. The finding of PETF in G. gecko suggests that this species and several iguanians previously found to increase rates of labial-licking after biting prey may be able to detect prey chemicals.

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Lappin, A. Kristopher, and Erica J. Swinney. "Sexual Dimorphism as It Relates to Natural History of Leopard Lizards (Crotaphytidae: Gambelia)." Copeia 1999, no. 3 (1999): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447597.

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31

Zeller, D. C., and G. R. Russ. "Population estimates and size structure of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces : Serranidae) in relation to no-fishing zones: mark-release-resighting and underwater visual census." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99020.

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A mark–release–resighting (MRR) technique was used to estimate population size of the coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, on coral reefs fringing Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fish were captured by hook-and-line fishing, and marked with individual freeze-brand numbers in August 1995. An underwater visual census (UVC) technique was used during September and October 1995 both for resighting of marked fish and to make an independent estimate of fish density and thus population size. The study area was 750 966 m2 . The UVC sampled 154 000 m2 (20.5%) of this area. Six different methods of analysis of MRR gave similar population size estimates (e.g. Petersen 12 873; 95% CI 9989–15 754) extrapolated to the 4.5 million-m2 reef area from datum to 20-m depth around Lizard Island. UVC gave a population size estimate (24 182; 95% CI 21 860–26 504) twice that of MRR. The lower estimate derived from MRR may be the result of tag-induced mortality, or of the relative difficulty in discriminating between marked and unmarked trout by UVC. This is only the second estimate of population size of coral trout on an area of the Great Barrier Reef.

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TOLLESTRUP, KRISTINE. "The Social Behavior of two Species of Closely Related Leopard Lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 62, no. 4 (2010): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1983.tb02159.x.

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33

Rabinowitz, Alan R., and Susan R. Walker. "The carnivore community in a dry tropical forest mosaic in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, no. 1 (1991): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005034.

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ABSTRACTAn assessment of carnivore species richness and food habits was carried out in a 100 km2 area of dry tropical forest in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Twenty-one carnivore species of five families were found to be feeding on at least 34 mammal species, as well as birds, lizards, snakes, crabs, fish, insects, and fruits. Forty-four percent of the prey identified in faeces of larger carnivores, primarily leopards, consisted of barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak. Sambar deer, macaques, wild boar, porcupine, and hog badger were important secondary prey items. In faeces from small carnivores (< 10kg), murid rodents accounted for 33% of identified food items. The two most frequently encountered mammalian prey species were the yellow rajah rat, Maxomys surifer, and the bay bamboo rat, Cannomys badius. Non-mammal prey accounted for 21.3%, and fruit seeds for 12.4%, of all food items found in small carnivore faeces.

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34

Germano, David J., and Galen B. Rathbun. "Home Range and Habitat Use by Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizards in the Southern San Joaquin Desert of California." Journal of Herpetology 50, no. 3 (2016): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/15-006.

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35

Germano, David J. "Activity and Thermal Biology of Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizards (Gambelia sila) in the San Joaquin Desert of California." Western North American Naturalist 79, no. 3 (2019): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.079.0311.

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36

Garrison, Grace E., João C. Zecchini Gebin, Jacob F. Penner, Faelan E. Jacobson, Maria A. Eifler, and Douglas A. Eifler. "Intraspecific Variation In Habitat Use and Movement In Long-Nosed Leopard Lizards (Gambelia wislizenii) From the Alvord Basin, Oregon." Southwestern Naturalist 62, no. 3 (2017): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-62.3.187.

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37

Di Giuseppe, Marco, Albert Martines Silvestre, Marco Luparello, and Laura Faraci. "Post-Ovulatory Dystocia in Two Small Lizards: Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and Crested Gecko (Correlophus ciliatus)." Russian Journal of Herpetology 24, no. 2 (2016): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-24-2-128-132.

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Díaz, Anahí G., Paula G. Ragone, Fanny Rusman, et al. "A Novel Genotype and First Record of Trypanosoma lainsoni in Argentina." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (2020): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090731.

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Trypanosomes are a group of parasitic flagellates with medical and veterinary importance. Despite many species having been described in this genus, little is known about many of them. Here, we report a genetic and morphological characterization of trypanosomatids isolated from wild mammals from the Argentine Chaco region. Parasites were morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, 18s rRNA and gGAPDH genes were sequenced and analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Morphological characterization showed clear characteristics associated with the Trypanosoma genus. The genetic characterization demonstrates that the studied isolates have identical sequences and a pairwise identity of 99% with Trypanosoma lainsoni, which belongs to the clade of lizards and snakes/rodents and marsupials. To date, this species had only been found in the Amazon region. Our finding represents the second report of T. lainsoni and the first record for the Chaco region. Furthermore, we ultrastructurally described for the first time the species. Finally, the host range of T. lainsoni was expanded (Leopardus geoffroyi, Carenivora, Felidae; and Calomys sp., Rodentia, Cricetidae), showing a wide host range for this species.

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Ivey, Kathleen N., Margaret Cornwall, Hayley Crowell, et al. "Thermal ecology of the federally endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila)." Conservation Physiology 8, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaa014.

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Abstract Recognizing how climate change will impact populations can aid in making decisions about approaches for conservation of endangered species. The blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is a federally endangered species that, despite protection, remains in extremely arid, hot areas and may be at risk of extirpation due to climate change. We collected data on the field-active body temperatures, preferred body temperatures and upper thermal tolerance of G. sila. We then described available thermal habitat using biophysical models, which allowed us to (i) describe patterns in lizard body temperatures, microhabitat temperatures and lizard microhabitat use; (ii) quantify the lizards’ thermoregulatory accuracy; (iii) calculate the number of hours they are currently thermally restricted in microhabitat use; (iv) project how the number of restricted hours will change in the future as ambient temperatures rise; and (v) assess the importance of giant kangaroo rat burrows and shade-providing shrubs in the current and projected future thermal ecology of G. sila. Lizards maintained fairly consistent daytime body temperatures over the course of the active season, and use of burrows and shrubs increased as the season progressed and ambient temperatures rose. During the hottest part of the year, lizards shuttled among kangaroo rat burrows, shrubs, and open habitat to maintain body temperatures below their upper thermal tolerance, but, occasionally, higher than their preferred body temperature range. Lizards are restricted from staying in the open habitat for 75% of daylight hours and are forced to seek refuge under shrubs or burrows to avoid surpassing their upper thermal threshold. After applying climatic projections of 1 and 2°C increases to 2018 ambient temperatures, G. sila will lose additional hours of activity time that could compound stressors faced by this population, potentially leading to extirpation.

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Horak, Ivan G., Ashley Pearcy, and Kyle J. Lloyd. "Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. LI. Ticks infesting leopard tortoises Stigmochelys pardalis, hingeback tortoises Kinixys zombensis and angulate tortoises Chersina angulata." Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 84, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1303.

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The objective of the study was to record the tick species collected from three species of tortoise, each in a different province of South Africa. Ticks were collected from leopard tortoises, Stigmochyles pardalis, in the southern region of the Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga province; from hingeback tortoises, Kinixys zombensis, in the Enseleni Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal province and from angulate tortoises, Chersina angulata, in the West Coast National Park, Western Cape province. Of the 63 leopard tortoises examined, 58 were infested with Amblyomma marmoreum and 49 with Amblyomma hebraeum, and all stages of development of both species were recovered. Amblyomma nuttalli was collected from 25 hingeback tortoises, and all stages of development were present. All 24 angulate tortoises examined were infested with Amblyomma sylvaticum, and large numbers of larvae, nymphs and adults were collected. Three snake species and a sand lizard were also infested with A. sylvaticum. The adults of A. marmoreum, A. nuttalli and A. sylvaticum were identified as specific parasites of the family Testudinidae, whereas all stages of development of A. hebraeum were classified as generalists.

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Bradley, Stefanie S., Erika Howe, Leah R. Bent, and Matthew K. Vickaryous. "Cutaneous tactile sensitivity before and after tail loss and regeneration in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)." Journal of Experimental Biology 224, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.234054.

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ABSTRACT Amongst tetrapods, mechanoreceptors on the feet establish a sense of body placement and help to facilitate posture and biomechanics. Mechanoreceptors are necessary for stabilizing the body while navigating through changing terrains or responding to a sudden change in body mass and orientation. Lizards such as the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) employ autotomy – a voluntary detachment of a portion of the tail – to escape predation. Tail autotomy represents a natural form of significant (and localized) mass loss. Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments were used to investigate the effect of tail autotomy (and subsequent tail regeneration) on tactile sensitivity of each appendage of the leopard gecko. Prior to autotomy, we identified site-specific differences in tactile sensitivity across the ventral surfaces of the hindlimbs, forelimbs and tail. Repeated monofilament testing of both control (tail-intact) and tail-loss geckos had a significant sensitization effect (i.e. decrease in tactile threshold, maintained over time) in all regions of interest except the palmar surfaces of the forelimbs in post-autotomy geckos, compared with baseline testing. Although the regenerated tail is not an exact replica of the original, tactile sensitivity is shown to be effectively restored at this site. Re-establishment of tactile sensitivity on the ventral surface of the regenerate tail points towards a (continued) role in predator detection.

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Horak, I. G., I. J. McKay, B. T. Henen, Heloise Heyne, Margaretha D. Hofmeyer, and A. L. De Villiers. "Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVII. Ticks of tortoises and other reptiles." Onderstepoort J Vet Res 73, no. 3 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v73i3.148.

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A total of 586 reptiles, belonging to 35 species and five subspecies, were examined in surveys aimed at determining the species spectrum and geographic distribution of ticks that infest them. Of these reptiles 509 were tortoises, 28 monitor or other lizards, and 49 snakes. Nine ixodid tick species, of which seven belonged to the genus Amblyomma, and one argasid tick, Ornithodoros compactus were recovered. Seven of the ten tick species are parasites of reptiles. Amongst these seven species Amblyomma marmoreum was most prevalent and numerous on leopard tortoises, Geochelone pardalis; Amblyomma nuttalli was present only on Bell's hinged tortoises, Kinixys belliana; and most Amblyomma sylvaticum were collected from angulate tortoises, Chersina angulata. Amblyomma exornatum (formerly Aponomma exornatum) was only recovered from monitor lizards, Varanus spp.; most Amblyomma latum (formerly Aponomma latum) were from snakes; and a single nymph of Amblyomma transversale (formerly Aponomma transversale) was collected from a southern African python, Python natalensis. All 30 Namaqualand speckled padloper tortoises, Homopus signatus signatus, examined were infested with O. compactus. The seasonal occurrence of A. sylvaticum and the geographic distribution of this tick and of A. marmoreum, A. nuttalli, A. exornatum, A. latum and O. compactus are illustrated.

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Bray, Rodney, Thomas Cribb, Andrea Waeschenbach, and D. Littlewood. "A new species of Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea, Acanthocolpidae) with a bizarre oral sucker: S. adlardi sp. nov. from the common coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef." Acta Parasitologica 52, no. 3 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-007-0025-0.

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AbstractA new species of Acanthocolpidae, Stephanostomum adlardi is described from the serranid Plectropomus leopardus from Lizard Island in the northern Great Barrier Reef. It differs from all previously described acanthocolpids in the structure of the oral sucker which is extended into dorsal and ventral lobes each bearing a row of spines. A phylogenetic tree estimated from combined nuclear small and partial large ribosomal RNA gene sequences shows that, despite the unusual oral sucker structure, the species is a true member of the genus Stephanostomum. The molecular results also suggest that Monostephanostomum nolani is derived from within Stephanostomum.

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Vicenzi, Nadia, Leonardo D. Bacigalupe, Alejandro Laspiur, Nora Ibargüengoytía, and Paola L. Sassi. "Could plasticity mediate highlands lizards’ resilience to climate change? A case study of the leopard iguana (Diplolaemus leopardinus) in central andes of Argentina." Journal of Experimental Biology, June 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242647.

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The rising temperature predicted is of main concern for ectotherms because its direct impact on their behavior and physiology. Since physiological performance mediates a species’ resilience to warming exposure, physiological plasticity could greatly reduce the susceptibility to climate change. We studied the degree to which Diplolaemus leopardinus’ lizards are able to adjust behavioral and physiological traits in response to short periods of temperature change. We used a split cross design to measure acclimation response of preferred body temperature (Tp), and thermal performance curve of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL). Our results showed that plasticity differs among traits; whereas Tp and EWL showed lower values in warm conditions, RMR increased the temperature at which its value is highest. Moreover, RMR was affected by thermal history, showing a great increase in response to cold exposure in the group initially acclimated to warm. The reduction of EWL and the increase in optimal temperature will give lizards the potential to partially mitigate the impact of rising temperatures in the energy cost and water balance. However, the decrease in Tp and the sensitivity to the warm thermal history in RMR could be detrimental to the energy net gain increasing the species vulnerability, especially considering the increase of heat waves predicted for the next fifty years. The integration of acclimation responses in behavioral and physiological traits provides a better understanding of the range of possible responses of lizards to cope with the upcoming climatic and environmental modifications expected due to climate change.

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