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Journal articles on the topic 'Leopard'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

SHANIDA, SYA SYA, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, TEGUH HUSODO, PARIKESIT PARIKESIT, PUPUT FEBRIANTO, and ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA. "Short Communication: The existence of Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) in the non-conservation forest areas of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 1 (2018): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190107.

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Shanidah SS, Partasasmita P, Hudoso T. Parikesit, Febriato P, Meganatara EN. 2018. Short Communication: The existence of Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) in the non-conservation forest areas of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 42-46. There is no accurate data about the number of individual leopards in Java Island in both conservation and nonconservation areas. In West Java, deforestation for plantations and agriculture is widespread, although it is unknown if leopard uses these human-altered habitats. Therefore, it is important to research the existen

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Sooriyabandara, M. G. C., A. U. Bandaranayake, H. A. B. M. Hathurusinghe, et al. "A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0269967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269967.

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The Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) is an endangered subspecies restricted to isolated and fragmented populations in Sri Lanka. Among them, melanistic leopards have been recorded on a few occasions. Literature suggests the evolution of melanism several times in the Felidae family, with three species having distinct mutations. Nevertheless, the mutations or other variations in the remaining species, including Sri Lankan melanistic leopard, are unknown. We used reference-based assembled nuclear genomes of Sri Lankan wild type and melanistic leopards and de novo assembled mitogenomes

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Rashid, Wajid, Jianbin Shi, Inam ur Rahim, et al. "Modelling Potential Distribution of Snow Leopards in Pamir, Northern Pakistan: Implications for Human–Snow Leopard Conflicts." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 13229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313229.

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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a cryptic and rare big cat inhabiting Asia’s remote and harsh elevated areas. Its population has decreased across the globe for various reasons, including human–snow leopard conflicts (HSCs). Understanding the snow leopard’s distribution range and habitat interactions with human/livestock is essential for understanding the ecological context in which HSCs occur and thus gives insights into how to mitigate HSCs. In this study, a MaxEnt model predicted the snow leopard’s potential distribution and analyzed the land use/cover to determine the habitat interacti

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Buzzard, Paul J., Xueyou Li, and William V. Bleisch. "The status of snow leopards Panthera uncia, and high altitude use by common leopards P. pardus, in north-west Yunnan, China." Oryx 51, no. 4 (2017): 587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000825.

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AbstractThe Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia is a flagship species of mountainous Asia and a conservation priority. China is the most important country for the species’ conservation because it has the most potential habitat and the largest population of snow leopards. North-west Yunnan province in south-west China is at the edge of the snow leopard's range, and a biodiversity hotspot, where three major Asian rivers, the Yangtze, Mekong and Salween, flow off the Tibetan plateau and cut deep valleys through the Hengduan Mountains. The snow leopard's status in north-west Yunnan is uncertain

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Zeng, Jinyuan, Jie Hu, Yurou Shi, et al. "Effects of Climate Change on the Habitat of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Liupanshan National Nature Reserve of China." Animals 12, no. 14 (2022): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12141866.

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Climate change affects animal populations by affecting their habitats. The leopard population has significantly decreased due to climate change and human disturbance. We studied the impact of climate change on leopard habitats using infrared camera technology in the Liupanshan National Nature Reserve of Jingyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, from July 2017 to October 2019. We captured 25 leopard distribution points over 47,460 camera working days. We used the MAXENT model to predict and analyze the habitat. We studied the leopard’s suitable habitat area and distribution area un

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Wattegedera, Milinda, Dushyantha Silva, Chandana Sooriyabandara, et al. "A Multi-Point Identification Approach for the Recognition of Individual Leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya)." Animals 12, no. 5 (2022): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050660.

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Visual leopard identifications performed with camera traps using the capture–recapture method only consider areas of the skin that are visible to the equipment. The method presented here considered the spot or rosette formations of either the two flanks or the face, and the captured images were then compared and matched with available photographs. Leopards were classified as new individuals if no matches were found in the existing set of photos. It was previously assumed that an individual leopard’s spot or rosette pattern would not change. We established that the spot and rosette patterns cha

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Karki, Ajay, and Saroj Panthi. "Factors affecting livestock depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Himalayan region of Nepal." PeerJ 9 (June 16, 2021): e11575. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11575.

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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) found in central Asia is classified as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Every year, large number of livestock are killed by snow leopards in Nepal, leading to economic loss to local communities and making human-snow leopard conflict a major threat to snow leopard conservation. We conducted formal and informal stakeholder’s interviews to gather information related to livestock depredation with the aim to map the attack sites by the snow leopard. These sites were further validated by district forest office staffs t

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Can, Özgün Emre, Bhupendra Prasad Yadav, Paul J. Johnson, Joanna Ross, Neil D’Cruze, and David W. Macdonald. "Factors affecting the occurrence and activity of clouded leopards, common leopards and leopard cats in the Himalayas." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 3 (2019): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01912-7.

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AbstractClouded leopards are one of the least known of larger felids and were believed to be extinct in Nepal until 1987. They are particularly interesting because their Asian range spans a diversity of habitats in the fastest disappearing forests in the world and encompasses a guild which differs in composition from place to place. As a part of a wider camera-trapping study of this guild, involving 2948 camera traps at 45 sites in nine countries, and paralleling a similar study of the Sunda clouded leopard including a further 1544 camera traps spanning 22 sites distributed across two countrie

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Han, Siyu, Yu Guan, Hailong Dou, et al. "Comparison of the fecal microbiota of two free-ranging Chinese subspecies of the leopard (Panthera pardus) using high-throughput sequencing." PeerJ 7 (March 28, 2019): e6684. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6684.

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The analysis of gut microbiota using fecal samples provides a non-invasive approach to understand the complex interactions between host species and their intestinal bacterial community. However, information on gut microbiota for wild endangered carnivores is scarce. The goal of this study was to describe the gut microbiota of two leopard subspecies, the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) and North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Fecal samples from the Amur leopard (n = 8) and North Chinese leopard (n = 13) were collected in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park and Sha

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Hyun, Jee Yun, Jang Hyuk Cho, Puneet Pandey, Mi-Sook Min, Kyung Seok Kim, and Hang Lee. "Phylogenetic study of extirpated Korean leopard using mitochondrial DNA from an old skin specimen in South Korea." PeerJ 8 (May 12, 2020): e8900. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8900.

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The leopard, Panthera pardus, is a threatened species in its range throughout the world. Although, historically, the Korean Peninsula had a high population density of leopards, they were extirpated from South Korea by 1970, leaving almost no genetic specimens. Traditionally, Korean leopards are classified as Panthera pardus orientalis; however, their classification is based only on locality and morphology. Therefore, there is a need for genetic studies to identify the phylogenetic status of Korean leopards at the subspecies level. Presently, no extant wild specimen is available from South Kore

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Vipin, Tirupathi Rao Golla, Vinita Sharma, Bheemavarapu Kesav Kumar, and Ajay Gaur. "Kleptoparasitic interaction between Snow Leopard Panthera uncia and Red Fox Vulpes vulpes suggested by circumstantial evidence in Pin Valley National Park, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 10 (2022): 21928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7793.14.10.21928-21935.

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In the present study, we describe an interspecific kleptoparasitic interaction between two sympatric mammalian carnivores in the high altitudinal Trans-Himalaya region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was based on the inferences drawn from the circumstantial evidence (direct and indirect) noticed in the study area in Pin Valley National Park. The inferences from the analysis of the evidence suggested the interaction between a Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, and a donkey. The arrangement of evidence in a sequential manner suggested that a donkey was killed by a Snow L

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Müller, Lana, Willem Daniel Briers-Louw, Barbara Catharine Seele, Christiaan Stefanus Lochner, and Rajan Amin. "Population size, density, and ranging behaviour in a key leopard population in the Western Cape, South Africa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0254507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254507.

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Globally, leopards are the most widespread large felid. However, mounting anthropogenic threats are rapidly reducing viable leopard populations and their range. Despite the clear pressures facing this species, there is a dearth of robust and reliable population and density estimates for leopards across their range, which is particularly important in landscapes that consist of protected and non-protected areas. We conducted a camera trapping survey between 2017 and 2018 in the Western Cape, South Africa to estimate the occupancy, density, and population size of a leopard population. Leopards we

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Fischer, K. "Ein Leoparden-Fund, Panthera pardus (L., 1758), aus dem jungpleistozänen Rixdorfer Horizont von Berlin und die Verbreitung des Leoparden im Pleistozän Europas." Fossil Record 3, no. 1 (2000): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-3-221-2000.

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Erstmals wurde das Vorkommen des Leoparden (<i>Panthera pardus</i>) im Rixdorfer Horizont (Früh-Weichsel, Jungpleistozän) von Berlin-Brandenburg durch ein Humerus-Fragment von Niederlehme bei Königs Wusterhausen nachgewiesen. Es ist das bisher nördlichste Vorkommen des Leoparden in Mitteleuropa. <br><br> The finding of leopard, <i>Panthera pardus</i> (L., 1758), from the late Pleistocene horizon of Rixdorf in Berlin and the occurrence of leopards in the Pleistocene of Europe are described and discussed. <br><br> For the first time the occurrence

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Thapa, Tej B. "Human Caused Mortality in the Leopard (Panthera pardus) Population of Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (2015): 155–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v19i1.13842.

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Estimating cause specific leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality is critical to their conservation. This paper examined leopard death reports during 2006-2013 in order to estimate cause-specific mortality, identify conservation issues related to leopard mortality and provide recommendations for reducing human-caused mortality in Nepal. Data revealed that the leopards in the human dominated landscape are susceptible to variation in survival caused by human induced mortality (65%), with retaliation (31%) and lethal control (20%) of declared problem leopard as a significant part. Elevated human indu

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Williams, Samual T., Kathryn S. Williams, Bradley P. Lewis, and Russell A. Hill. "Population dynamics and threats to an apex predator outside protected areas: implications for carnivore management." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 4 (2017): 161090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.161090.

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Data on the population dynamics and threats to large carnivores are vital to conservation efforts, but these are hampered by a paucity of studies. For some species, such as the leopard ( Panthera pardus ), there is such uncertainty in population trends that leopard trophy hunting has been banned in South Africa since 2016 while further data on leopard abundance are collected. We present one of the first assessments of leopard population dynamics, and identify the key threats to a population of leopards outside of protected areas in South Africa. We conducted a long-term trap survey between 201

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Hinde, Kyle, Anita Wilkinson, Silindokuhle Tokota, Rajan Amin, M. Justin O’Riain, and Kathryn S. Williams. "Leopard density and the ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing density in a mixed-use landscape in the Western Cape, South Africa." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0293445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293445.

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Large carnivores face numerous threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation, direct killing, and prey depletion, leading to significant global range and population declines. Despite such threats, leopards (Panthera pardus) persist outside protected areas throughout most of their range, occupying diverse habitat types and land uses, including peri-urban and rural areas. Understanding of leopard population dynamics in mixed-use landscapes is limited, especially in South Africa, where the majority of leopard research has focused on protected areas. We use spatially explicit capture-recapture

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McManus, Jeannine, Matthew P. E. Schurch, Stefan Goets, Lauriane Faraut, Vanessa Couldridge, and Bool Smuts. "Delineating Functional Corridors Linking Leopard Habitat in the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa." Conservation 2, no. 1 (2022): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation2010009.

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Natural landscapes are increasingly fragmented due to human activity. This contributes to isolation and inadequate gene flow among wildlife populations. These threats intensify where populations are already low, and gene flow is compromised. Ensuring habitat connectivity despite transformed landscapes can mitigate these risks. Leopards are associated with high levels of biodiversity and are the last widely occurring, free-roaming apex predator in South Africa. Although highly adaptable, leopard survival is reduced by human-caused mortality and habitat destruction. We aimed to assess the connec

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Lamichhane, Saurav, Divya Bhattarai, Tek Maraseni, et al. "Landscape predictors influencing livestock depredation by leopards in and around Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal." PeerJ 11 (December 13, 2023): e16516. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16516.

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Livestock depredation by leopards is a pervasive issue across many Asian and African range countries, particularly in and around protected areas. Developing effective conflict mitigation strategies requires understanding the landscape features influencing livestock depredation. In this study, we investigated predictors associated with livestock depredation by leopards using 274 cases of leopard attacks on livestock that occurred between 2017 and 2020 in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. We also examined how livestock predation by leopards varied depending on the species, season, and time

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Koju, Narayan Prasad, Kamal Raj Gosai, Bijay Bashyal, et al. "Seasonal Prey Abundance and Food Plasticity of the Vulnerable Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Lapchi Valley, Nepal Himalayas." Animals 13, no. 20 (2023): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203182.

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Conservation strategies for apex predators, like the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), depend on a robust understanding of their dietary preferences, prey abundance, and adaptability to changing ecological conditions. To address these critical conservation concerns, this study presents a comprehensive evidence on prey availability and preferences for snow leopards in the Lapchi Valley in the Nepal Himalayas from November 2021 to March 2023. Field data were collected through the installation of twenty-six camera traps at 16 strategically chosen locations, resulting in the recording of 1228 events

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Buzzard, Paul J., Roller MaMing, Mardan Turghan, Jiawu Xiong, and Tong Zhang. "Presence of the snow leopard Panthera uncia confirmed at four sites in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains." Oryx 51, no. 4 (2017): 594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000850.

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AbstractThe Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia is a flagship species of mountainous central Asia, and a conservation concern. China has the largest extent of potential snow leopard habitat and is thus crucial for snow leopard conservation. There are many challenges to snow leopard conservation in China, however, and there is still little information on the species for many geographical locations, including the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang province, which are important because they potentially connect snow leopard populations in Krygyzstan and Kazakhstan with those in Mongolia. We used ca

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Asad, Muhammad, Muhammad Waseem, James G. Ross, and Adrian M. Paterson. "The Un-Common Leopard: presence, distribution and abundance in Gallies and Murree Forest Division, Northern Pakistan." Nature Conservation 37 (November 20, 2019): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32748.

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The leopard Panthera pardus is thought to be sparsely distributed across Pakistan and there is limited understanding of the demographic structure and distribution of the species in this country. We conducted a study, from April to July 2017, and, from March to June 2018, in the northern Pakistan region to establish the presence and distribution of leopards, mindful at the outset of their abundance in that region. The presence of leopards was confirmed in the Swat, Dir and Margalla Hills region. The leopard population in Gallies and Murree Forest Division was preliminarily assessed via camera-t

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Asad, Muhammad, Muhammad Waseem, James G. Ross, and Adrian M. Paterson. "The Un-Common Leopard: presence, distribution and abundance in Gallies and Murree Forest Division, Northern Pakistan." Nature Conservation 37 (November 20, 2019): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32748.

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The leopard Panthera pardus is thought to be sparsely distributed across Pakistan and there is limited understanding of the demographic structure and distribution of the species in this country. We conducted a study, from April to July 2017, and, from March to June 2018, in the northern Pakistan region to establish the presence and distribution of leopards, mindful at the outset of their abundance in that region. The presence of leopards was confirmed in the Swat, Dir and Margalla Hills region. The leopard population in Gallies and Murree Forest Division was preliminarily assessed via camera-t

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Nakamura, Michio. "<Note>A lone chimpanzee mother–infant pair was indifferent to frequent leopard calls." Pan Africa News 29, no. 1-2 (2024): 2–4. https://doi.org/10.5134/289944.

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Leopards are potential predators of wild chimpanzees where the two species are sympatric. However, the relationship between these two species in Mahale, Tanzania, is not so simple: chimpanzees can be eaten by leopards, but they also sometimes attack the leopard cubs and even deprive a leopard of prey. This report describes a case in which a mother–infant pair of chimpanzees in Mahale showed no significant response to repeated leopard rasping calls that were heard for over 200 minutes, with the closest call coming from a distance of about 120 m.

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Maharjan, Alina, and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai. "Human-Leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Conflict in Godawari Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v27i2.51171.

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Leopard (Panthera pardus) is a globally vulnerable large cat, widely distributed in Nepal. It occurs in different protected and outside protected areas in the human-dominated landscape. We used semi-structured questionnaires to know the Human-Leopard Conflict (HLC) and people’s perception towards Leopard conservation in the conflict-prone areas of Godawari, Lalitpur. The signs survey was conducted to know the presence of Leopards in the study area. Households were sampled using the snowball sampling technique. The presence of signs such as scats, pugmarks, and scents marks in the forest and ne

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Sharma, Rishi Kumar, Koustubh Sharma, David Borchers, Yash Veer Bhatnagar, Kulbhushansingh R. Suryawanshi, and Charudutt Mishra. "Spatial variation in population-density of snow leopards in a multiple use landscape in Spiti Valley, Trans-Himalaya." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0250900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250900.

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The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in human use landscapes in the mountains of South and Central Asia. Conservationists generally agree that snow leopards must be conserved through a land-sharing approach, rather than land-sparing in the form of strictly protected areas. Effective conservation through land-sharing requires a good understanding of how snow leopards respond to human use of the landscape. Snow leopard density is expected to show spatial variation within a landscape because of variation in the intensity of human use and the quality of habitat. However, snow leopards

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Rani, Megha, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Maximilian L. Allen, Puneet Pandey, and Randeep Singh. "Measuring people’s attitude towards conservation of Leopard Panthera pardus (Mammalia: Carnivora) in the foothills of Himalayan region." Journal of Threatened Taxa 16, no. 6 (2024): 25283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8567.16.6.25283-25298.

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Measuring people’s attitudes about the large carnivores involved in human-wildlife interface, also termed conflict or interaction, is an essential aspect of developing effective conservation and management planning for human-carnivore coexistence. Human-leopard (Panthera pardus) interaction is widespread and one of the most pressing conservation issues within the global range of leopards. However, there is a scarcity of information on local people’s opinions and attitudes concerning carnivores in human-dominated areas. Our current study focused on understanding the human dimensions of human-le

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Giordano, Anthony J., Leah M. Winstead, Muhammad Ali Imron, et al. "Dark Clouds Ahead? Anecdotal evidence for an illegal live trade in Sunda Neofelis diardi and Indochinese N. nebulosa Clouded Leopards (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 6 (2023): 23441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8425.15.6.23441-23445.

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The Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) and Indochinese Clouded Leopard (N. nebulosa) are medium-sized felids native to tropical south and southeast Asia. In 2019, we began investigating the trade in Clouded Leopards and their parts in Asia. This was partly inspired by social media posts of an apparent pet Sunda Clouded Leopard. Investigations continued with respect to how and where Clouded Leopards are sold on social media and other digital platforms. We discovered several social media posts and local language news articles, that we believe are indicative of an illegal live trade in Sunda

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Chatterjee, Anindita Bidisha, Kalyansundaram Sankar, Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala, and Qamar Qureshi. "Spatio-temporal patterns of co-occurrence of tigers and leopards within a protected area in central India." Web Ecology 23, no. 1 (2023): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-23-17-2023.

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Abstract. The global decline of large carnivore populations warrants scientific insights into intraguild relationships. Patterns of co-occurrence among sympatric predators are governed by their density, distribution, diet, activity overlaps, and behavioural strategies. Tigers are sympatric with leopards across their distribution range, overlap substantially in their diet, and are both nocturnal. The subdominant leopard is believed to coexist with tigers via several mechanisms like spatial segregation, temporal avoidance, and differential prey selection. Investigation of spatio-temporal pattern

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Ngoprasert, Dusit, Antony J. Lynam, and George A. Gale. "Human disturbance affects habitat use and behaviour of Asiatic leopard Panthera pardus in Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand." Oryx 41, no. 3 (2007): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001102.

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AbstractEdge effects arising from road construction and other development in protected areas can negatively affect the behaviour of wildlife, particularly large carnivores. The Asiatic leopard Panthera pardus is a large carnivore that may be sensitive to edge effects. Camera trapping was used to assess the influence of human disturbance along forest edges on leopard behaviour and habitat use in a 104 km2 area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand. A minimum of four male and two female leopards was recorded in the study area. A Park access road bisecting the study area was not a barrier to l

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Li, Hailong, Puneet Pandey, Ying Li, et al. "Transboundary Cooperation in the Tumen River Basin Is the Key to Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus) Population Recovery in the Korean Peninsula." Animals 14, no. 1 (2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14010059.

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The interconnected forest regions along the lower Tumen River, at the Sino-North Korean border, provide critical habitats and corridors for the critically endangered Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). In this region, there are two promising corridors for leopard movement between China and North Korea: the Jingxin–Dapanling (JD) and Mijiang (MJ) corridors. Past studies have confirmed the functionality of the JD corridor, but leopards’ utilization of the MJ corridor has not yet been established or confirmed. In this study, we assessed the functionality of the MJ corridor. The study area

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Babrgir, Sima, Mohammad S. Farhadinia, and Ehsan M. Moqanaki. "Socio-economic consequences of cattle predation by the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in a Caucasian conflict hotspot, northern Iran." Oryx 51, no. 1 (2015): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000903.

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AbstractIn the Caucasus the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor has been persecuted to the verge of extinction, primarily as a result of conflict with people over livestock predation. The socio-economic factors that influence this interaction have received little attention and the attitudes of local people towards leopards remain unknown. Here we assess the extent of cattle predation by leopards and how this influences people's attitudes towards leopards among village residents around the Dorfak No-Hunting Area, a priority reserve in the Iranian Caucasus. In a survey of 66 hou

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Alexander, Justine S., Jeremy J. Cusack, Chen Pengju, Shi Kun, and Philip Riordan. "Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores?" Oryx 50, no. 2 (2015): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315001040.

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AbstractIn high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China's Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between spec

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Malla, Rajesh, Saroj Panthi, Hari Adhikari, et al. "Habitat suitability of four threatened Himalayan species: Asiatic black bear, common leopard, musk deer, and snow leopard." PeerJ 11 (September 25, 2023): e16085. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16085.

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Background Biodiversity conservation is becoming challenging day by day. For this, it is essential to understand the distribution, habitat, and impact of anthropogenic activities on animals at risk. We assessed the suitable habitats and anthropogenic impacts on Asiatic black bears, common leopards, musk deer, and snow leopards in and outside the protected areas of Gandaki Province, Nepal. Methods We collected the presence locations of Asiatic black bears, common leopards, musk deer, and snow leopards based on scats and other signs. We employed the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) tool to identify suit

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Srimulyaningsih, Reni, and Egi Prayoga. "INVENTARISASI KEBERADAAN DAN PENYEBARAN JEJAK MACAN TUTUL (Panthera pardus melas Curvier, 1809) DI HUTAN LINDUNG CIJAMBU KABUPATEN SUMEDANG)." Wanamukti: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 21, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v21i1.151.

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Leopard (Panthera pardus melas Curvier, 1809) is an endangered species that have been protected because of the population decreased and some population extinct locally. One of them is leopard in Protected Forest Cijambu that no has data about leopard of existence. The objective of this research was to inventory leopard existence and to know distribution of leopard in Cijambu Protected Forest. The method of research is Local community interview and identify of leopard footprint by observation and spatial analysis. The research showed that leopard existence by footprint, feces, scratches, and so

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Gubbi, Sanjay, Koustubh Sharma, and Vijaya Kumara. "Every hill has its leopard: patterns of space use by leopards (Panthera pardus) in a mixed use landscape in India." PeerJ 8 (October 8, 2020): e10072. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10072.

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Understanding abundance and distribution of species is often necessary for wildlife conservation. However, elusive species such as the leopard (Panthera pardus) that have wide geographical distribution and typically low abundance pose a constant challenge to conservationists due to logistical and methodological constraints. Although leopard abundance has been estimated at the scale of protected areas or other smaller regions, reliable information describing leopard distribution over large spatial scales remains largely unavailable. Knowledge about space use by leopards within landscapes could

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Ale, Som B., Pralad Yonzon, and Kamal Thapa. "Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal." Oryx 41, no. 1 (2007): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001585.

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From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Mosch

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Pal, Ranjana, Anshu Panwar, Surendra P. Goyal, and Sambandam Sathyakumar. "Changes in ecological conditions may influence intraguild competition: inferring interaction patterns of snow leopard with co-predators." PeerJ 10 (October 25, 2022): e14277. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14277.

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Background Large-scale changes in habitat conditions due to human modifications and climate change require management practices to consider how species communities can alter amidst these changes. Understanding species interactions across the gradient of space, anthropogenic pressure, and season provide the opportunity to anticipate possible dynamics in the changing scenarios. We studied the interspecific interactions of carnivore species in a high-altitude ecosystem over seasonal (summer and winter) and resource gradients (livestock grazing) to assess the impact of changing abiotic and biotic

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Borah, Jimmy, Tridip Sharma, Dhritiman Das, et al. "Abundance and density estimates for common leopard Panthera pardus and clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Manas National Park, Assam, India." Oryx 48, no. 1 (2013): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000373.

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AbstractEffective conservation of rare carnivores requires reliable estimates of population density for prioritizing investments and assessing the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We used camera traps and capture–recapture analysis to provide the first reliable abundance and density estimates for the common leopard Panthera pardus and clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Manas National Park, India. In 57 days of camera trapping, with a total of 4,275 camera-trap days, we photo-captured 27 individually identified common leopards (11 males, 13 females and three unidentified), and 16

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Kittle, Andrew M., and Anjali C. Watson. "Density of leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) in Horton Plains National Park in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka." Mammalia 82, no. 2 (2018): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2016-0139.

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AbstractQuantitative ecological data needs to inform management of the endangered, endemic Sri Lankan leopard. Estimating habitat-specific leopard density and prey availability provides important baselines and improved understanding of the island-wide population. We used remote cameras in a spatially explicit capture-recapture framework to estimate leopard density (11.7 adult individuals/100 km2) and distance sampling to estimate prey density, within Horton Plains National Park. Sambar density was 178/km2within the central grasslands, which represent a spatially anchored resource for sambar an

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Dorji, Kuenzang, Lori K. Sheeran, Kathleen Barlow, Namgay Pem Dorji, Tshering Dorji, and Wangchuk Dorji. "Oleps’ Traditional Beliefs of the Clouded Leopard the Top Predator of Bhutan." Asian Social Science 18, no. 12 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v18n12p8.

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The Oleps are the first human inhabitants of Bhutan and the country&rsquo;s last remaining hunter-gatherers. We conducted a preliminary study into the meaning of the traditional Bhutanese saying tog-ge-teng-nang-gong; gong-ge-teng-nang-thee (Ole) and tag-ge-ta-lay-gung; gung ge-ta-lay-theb (Dzongkha). Tag in Dzongkha refers to Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) and gung refers to clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). The saying describes the existence of a species, which Oleps people believe is the clouded leopard, that is superior to the apex predator the tiger. The saying is further elaborate

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Asrulsani, Jambari, Khairul Amirin Mohamed, Ihsan Syahid Mohd Azmi, et al. "Temporal activity pattern of leopards (Panthera pardus) in Taman Negara National Park, Peninsular Malaysia." Journal of Wildlife and Parks 32 (August 11, 2017): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.64291/4a5hpa69.

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In Southeast Asia, the population range of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) is rapidly shrinking. In Peninsular Malaysia, temporal activity patterns of leopards are poorly known in its largest protected area – Taman Negara National Park. Our study obtained 1,263 photos of leopards from 235 camera trap stations over 31,333 trap nights covering the Kelantan, Pahang, and Terengganu portions of Taman Negara National Park. Our results show that leopard activity peaks around 0600-0659 hours (dawn) and 1700-1759 hours (dusk). This study represents a fresh attempt to document the crepuscular nature of le

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Spalton, James Andrew, Hadi Musalam al Hikmani, David Willis, and Ali Salim Bait Said. "Critically Endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr persist in the Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve, Oman." Oryx 40, no. 3 (2006): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306000743.

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Between 1997 and 2000 a survey of the Arabian subspecies of leopard Panthera pardus nimr was conducted in the little known Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve in southern Oman. Using camera-traps 251 photographic records were obtained of 17 individual leopards; nine females, five males, two adults of unknown sex and one cub. Leopards were usually solitary and trail use and movements suggested large ranges characterized by spatial sharing but little temporal overlap. More active by day than night in undisturbed areas, overall the leopards exhibited two peaks in activity, morning and evening. The survey

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Viollaz, Julie S., Sara T. Thompson, and Gohar A. Petrossian. "When Human–Wildlife Conflict Turns Deadly: Comparing the Situational Factors That Drive Retaliatory Leopard Killings in South Africa." Animals 11, no. 11 (2021): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113281.

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Retaliatory killings caused by human-wildlife conflict have a significant impact on the survival of leopards. This study explores the reasons for retaliatory killings of leopards by interviewing community members in a small village in South Africa that experienced high incidences of human–leopard conflict. The semi-structured interviews focused on the reasons why retaliatory leopard killings occurred and how to best mitigate the situational factors that triggered these killings. Respondents cited four main problems that fueled these killings: the government’s response to human–leopard conflict

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Devkota, B. P., T. Silwal, B. P. Shrestha, A. P. Sapkota, S. P. Lakhey, and V. K. Yadav. "Abundance of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and its wild prey in Chhekampar VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal." Banko Janakari 27, no. 1 (2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v27i1.18545.

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Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is the striking symbol as well as an indicator of intact eco-regions of high mountains it inhabits. Despite the advancement in new methods, scholars argue that signs are still a reliable indicator for the purpose of habitat use study of snow leopards. The relative abundance of snow leopard and its major prey species such as blue sheep (Pseudois nayar) and Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in the Chhekampar Village Development Committee within the Tsum Valley of the Manaslu Conservation Area was determined by sign survey using Snow Leopard Information Manageme

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Awan, Nabeel, Atif Yaqub, and Muhammad Kamran. "Survey of human-leopard (Panthera Pardus) conflict in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 2 (2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0130.

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Wildlife populations are at a risk of extinction mainly because of human-wildlife conflict (HWC). The present study was designed to evaluate the ongoing HWC with special reference to Common Leopard (Panthera pardus) in Ayubia National park through field study as well as a literature-based approach. Questionnaire interview surveys were designed for wildlife officials working in the park and the locals who bear the cost for leopard conflict through livestock depredation and crop damage. The study showed that human-leopard conflict in the study area has been increasing. More than 60% of people co

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Sarı, Alptuğ. "Maximum Entropy Niche-Based Predicting of Potential Habitat for the Anatolian Leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana Valenciennes, 1856) in Türkiye." Šumarski list 146, no. 7-8 (2022): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.146.7-8.6.

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The Anatolian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana Valenciennes, 1856) is the largest surviving cat species in Türkiye. Despite the adversity they face, leopards still exist in Türkiye. In this study, using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), potentially suitable habitats for the Anatolian leopard in Türkiye was surveyed. When evaluating leopard habitat preference, the fact that the species can easily adapt to its habitat and live anywhere with sufficient vegetation and sufficient prey animals was taken into account; only data on climate which affects the geographic distribution patterns and popu

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Snider, Matthew H., Vidya R. Athreya, Guy A. Balme, et al. "Home range variation in leopards living across the human density gradient." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 4 (2021): 1138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab068.

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Abstract Home range size is a fundamental measure of animal space use, providing insight into habitat quality, animal density, and social organization. Human impacts increasingly are affecting wildlife, especially among wide-ranging species that encounter anthropogenic disturbance. Leopards (Panthera pardus) provide a useful model for studying this relationship because leopards coexist with people at high and low human densities and are sensitive to human disturbance. To compare leopard home range size across a range of human densities and other environmental conditions, we combined animal tra

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Smyth, Lucy K., Guy A. Balme, and M. Justin O’Riain. "Dinner in the dark: Factors influencing leopard activity patterns within a large protected area." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0324329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324329.

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Spatial avoidance is one of the most pervasive responses of wildlife to human disturbance, but new research is increasingly revealing the importance of temporal shifts in activity. Animal species appear to become more nocturnal in areas with greater levels of human disturbance given the predominantly diurnal nature of anthropogenic activity. Here we investigate the relative importance of anthropogenic (relative abundance of pedestrians only, vehicles only and humans on foot and in vehicles combined, artificial light at night and distance to reserve edge or human settlements) and ecological (re

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Strampelli, Paolo, Leah Andresen, Kristoffer T. Everatt, Michael J. Somers, and J. Marcus Rowcliffe. "Leopard Panthera pardus density in southern Mozambique: evidence from spatially explicit capture–recapture in Xonghile Game Reserve." Oryx 54, no. 3 (2018): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000121.

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AbstractRigorous status estimates of populations of large carnivores are necessary to inform their management and help evaluate the effectiveness of conservation interventions. The African leopard Panthera pardus faces rising anthropogenic pressures across most of its contracting sub-Saharan range, but the scarcity of reliable population estimates means that management decisions often have to rely on expert opinion rather than being based on sound evidence. This is particularly true for Mozambique, where little is known about the ecology or conservation status of leopard populations as a resul

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Dyldaev, Mirlan, Akylbek Chymyrov, Askat Mukabaev, and Orozbek Omurzak uulu. "Investigation of the population area of snow leopard in the Central Tian-Shan Mountains." E3S Web of Conferences 227 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122702002.

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The spatial analysis of population areal of snow leopards in the Central Tian Shan Mountains and monitoring of their population dynamics and reproduction is needed by nature conservation activities. The study area is located in the unique and remote transboundary region between the Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Kazakhstan and People’s Republic of China. The population areas, feeding base and movement of snow leopards within the Khan Tengri State Nature Park were realized by using camera traps and Geoinformation Systems (GIS). Camera traps have been used for recording the existence and activity

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