Academic literature on the topic 'Leprosy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Leprosy"
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Kahawita, Indira P., Stephen L. Walker, and Diana N. J. Lockwood. "Leprosy type 1 reactions and erythema nodosum leprosum." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 83, no. 1 (February 2008): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962008000100010.
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Leprosy reactions are a major cause of nerve damage and morbidity in a significant proportion of leprosy patients. Reactions are immunologically mediated and can occur even after successful completion of multi-drug therapy. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathology and treatment of leprosy type 1 reactions, erythema nodosum leprosum and silent neuropathy.
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Soni, N. K. "Leprosy of the larynx." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 6 (June 1992): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510012002x.
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AbstractThe result of a study conducted on 30 patients of lepromatous leprosy regarding laryngeal involvement is presented. The incidence of leprous laryngitis is 36.6 per cent in this part of India in lepromatous leprosy patients. Leprosy is long standing disease so laryngeal lesions developed gradually and may be asymptomatic in some cases while others have been found to have variety of clinical manifestation in form of congestion, infiltration, nodulation, thickening and fibrosis. Anti-leprosy chemotherapy is equally effective on these lesions. A screening survey of laryngeal pathology in such cases should be done periodically.
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Nascimento, Osvaldo J. M. "Leprosy neuropathy: clinical presentations." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 9B (September 2013): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130146.
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Leprosy is a chronic infectious peripheral neuropathy caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The different clinical presentations of the disease are determined by the quality of the host immune response. Early detection of leprosy and treatment by multidrug therapy are the most important steps in preventing deformity and disability. Thus the early recognition of the clinical leprosy presentation is essential. Mononeuritis, mononeuritis multiplex (MM), polyneuritis (MM summation) are the most frequent. The frequent anesthetic skin lesions are absent in the pure neuritic leprosy presentation form. Isolated peripheral nerve involvement is common, including the cranial ones. Arthritic presentation is occasionally seen, usually misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis. Attention should be given to autonomic dysfunctions in leprosy. There are clinical presentations with severe neuropathic pain - painful small-fiber neuropathy. Leprous late-onset neuropathy (LLON) clinical presentation should be considered facing a patient who develop an inflammatory neuropathy many years after a previous skin leprosy treatment.
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Rasyid, Muhammad, and Nasrullah Wilutono. "Implementasi Home Carepada Pasien Kusta Di Desa Bitahan Kecamatan Lok Paikat Kabupaten Tapin Kalimantan Selatan." Jurnal Skala Kesehatan 13, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jsk.v13i1.342.
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Leprosy is an infectious disease that causes very complex problems. The problem in question is not only from a medical point of view but also extends to social, economic, cultural, security and resilience issues. Stigma in the community is still a major obstacle in an effort to break the chain of leprosy transmission. . The irregularity of treatment and the disappearance of people with leprosy have an impact on the failure of leprosy prevention. In addition, people affected by leprosy and families with leprosy as care givers do not receive proper direction and evaluation regarding their roles and duties from the officers.
This research was carried out using a qualitative approach with a phenomenal descriptive design. Data collection methods were carried out using Focus Discussion Group (FGD) techniques for 7 participants. The results of this study showed that participants had negative and positive responses when diagnosed with leprosy, participants felt they were not recovering from their illness and participants hoped for a re-examination of the illness they suffered. In addition patients feel the need to get legal aspects in the form of a statement stating that they have been declared cured.
Key Word: home care, carrying, leprossy
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Reddy, S. C., and B. D. Raju. "Ocular Lesions in the Inmates of Leprosy Rehabilitation Centre." International Journal of Biomedical Science 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2006): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2006.2289.
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A detailed eye examination of 145 inmates of a leprosy rehabilitation centre was done to determine the prevalence of ocular involvement. Age, gender of patients, type and duration of leprosy, systemic disabilities were noted. The mean age of patients was 45.8 years (range 19-70 years); 72.4% were males; 55.2% were suffering from paucibacillary leprosy. The mean duration of leprosy was 18.2 years in multibacillary type and 13.1 years in paucibacillary type. Ocular lesions related to leprosy were seen in 85.5% of patients; more often in multibacillary leprosy (92.3%). Corneal changes (80.7%) were the most frequently observed lesions followed by eye lid lesions (48.2%). Potentially sight threatening lesions such as lagophthalmos (23.4%), cornealanaesthesia (43.4%), and iridocyclitis (8.9%) were seen in both types of leprosy. Nine out of 26 (34.6%) patients with history of erythema nodosum leprosum reaction showed eye changes related to this reaction. Blindness in one eye due to lesions related to leprosy was seen in 2.7% of eyes. Age related cataract was the most common cause of blindness in patients of leprosy. The prevalence of ocular lesions was found to be high in the inmates of leprosy rehabilitation centre, and they were seen more frequently in patients with longer duration of the disease. Potentially sight threatening lesions were more often associated with systemic disabilities in these patients.
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Falus, Orsolya. "Leprosy – a stigmata in the 21st century." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 7 (February 2011): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29038.
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For the initiation of the French journalist Raoul Follereau in 1954 the UNO inaugurated the Leprosy Day (Martyr’s Day) that is celebrated on the last Sunday of January every year. Although the bacterium that causes leprosy was isolated by the Norwegian scientist Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen in 1873 and from 1982 this disease can be cured with a special pharmaceutical complex, still 219.826 new leprous are detected on Earth every year, according to the data published in August, 2010 by WHO-experts. Ancient Chinese and Hindu source-strings from 600 B. C. are referring to leprosy, however, the disease was imported by the army of Alexander the Great from India around 327-326 B. C. Even the Old and the New Testament from the Holy Bible are mentioning leprosy in several details. During the Middle Ages the Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, established in the Holy Land in 72 A. D., did pioneer work in nursing leprous. In the process of time the medical attendance concerning leprous was organized in special hospitals called „leprosoriums” built on river-banks. Special office and even services were organized for the treatment and isolation of the people infected. Although medical science has prevailed against leprosy, and almost simultaneously even jurisprudence defended the patients’ rights via legislation, still mankind can regrettably not get rid of this disease that stigmatizes seriously. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 246–251.
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Retief, François. "The origin and development of leprosy in antiquity." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 28, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i1.45.
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Through the ages leprosy has filled mankind with awe and horror. It still remains one of the unconquered infectious diseases, although the World Health Organisation reports a decrease in its prevalence (18 million to two million new cases annually over the past 20 years). For many, leprosy’s origins are to be traced back to the Hebrew Bible and the condition of zara’ath mentioned in Leviticus 13-14. This was a light-coloured scaly skin lesion which rendered the patient ritually unclean. Such a person was banned from society by a priest, and could only return on being pronounced clean. Zara’ath was almost certainly a benign skin lesion and not leprosy. When the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek (the Septuagint) in the 3rd century BC, zara’ath was translated as lepros/lepra, possibly after an apparently comparable disease described in the Hippocratic Corpus (5th – 4th centuries BC). The Hippocratic disease was clearly a benign, scaly skin eruption, and not leprosy as we know it. The fact that leprosy, as a very chronic progressive disease with a characteristic clinical picture, was not described by Hippocrates, almost certainly means that it did not occur in the Greek community of the time. True leprosy is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and manifests initially as light-coloured skin macules. With prominent bodily immunity against the organism the skin lesions enlarge slowly, later become scaly with a numb surface, and are complicated by nervous infiltration and atrophic degeneration of the extremities (tuberculoid leprosy). With low immunity, progressive nodular infiltration of skin and underlying structures result in extensive deformities (e.g. the typical “leonine facies”), subcutaneous abscesses, destruction of nerves and other tissues, blindness, deafness and testicular atrophy (lepromatous leprosy). Medical writings of ancient civilisations show that a leprosy-like disease was recognised in Mesopotamia by the 2nd millennium BC, and possibly in India and China in the 1st millennium BC. It has been suggested that leprosy was brought to the Mediterranean region by Alexander the Great’s armies, 4th century BC.Leprosy produces pathognomonic bone lesions, and the earliest osteo-archaeological evidence of leprosy was found in Egyptian skulls dating back to the 2nd century BC. The first clinical description of a disease recognisable as classical leprosy, can be dated to Strato of Alexandria, 3rd century BC. This condition, which became known as elephantiasis or elephas, was subsequently described by numerous notable physicians of the time, and Aretaeus of Cappadocia in particular. It migrated to Greece and Italy; Pliny the Elder stating that it fi rst appeared in Rome at the end of the 1st century BC. Although it was considered incurable, complex therapeutic programmes including venesection, purges, enemas and perspirants were prescribed in order to rid the body of the presumed fluid retention. Elephantiasis spread through the Roman Empire, but only became a notable European epidemic during the Middle Ages. In time the zara’ath-associated lepra of the Septuagint and elephantiasis were considered related diseases, and by the 4th century they were seen as the same disease. The two names became interchangeable. The influence of the Christian Church was such that the ritualised banning of lepers became incorporated into the treatment of elephantiasis – against the advice of physicians like Caelius Aurelianus (4th/5th century AD). Gradually the name lepra (leprosy) replaced elephantiasis, which ensured the stigmatisation of leprosy as an “unclean disease” with divine punishment for previous sins – a tragic misconception which persisted up to modern times. Today elephantiasis refers to a tropical parasitic disease, fi lariasis, characterised by gross swelling and deformation of the lower body.
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Putri, Annisa Ika, Kevin de Sabbata, Regitta I. Agusni, Medhi Denisa Alinda, Joydeepa Darlong, Barbara de Barros, Stephen L. Walker, Marjolein B. M. Zweekhorst, and Ruth M. H. Peters. "Understanding leprosy reactions and the impact on the lives of people affected: An exploration in two leprosy endemic countries." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): e0010476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010476.
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Background Leprosy reactions, Type-1 and erythema nodosum leprosum, are immune-mediated complications of leprosy, which play a significant role in the morbidity associated with the disease. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the impact of leprosy in general but few studies focus specifically on leprosy reactions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of leprosy reactions on physical, psychological, and social aspects of the lives of people affected by analysing their life experiences and perspectives about leprosy reactions. Methods/Principal findings This qualitative study involved people affected by leprosy reactions and their family members in two leprosy endemic countries. The data were collected through 66 interviews and 9 focus group discussions (4–6 participants each) in Surabaya, Indonesia, and Purulia, India. Content analysis and conversational analysis were performed. This study found that both types of leprosy reactions were perceived as an unpredictable and painful condition. Leprosy reactions restricted physical activities of the participants, such as going to bathroom, sleeping, eating, and cooking. In the interviews, the respondents expressed a range of emotions and feelings including confusion, sadness, anxiety, and anger. Some recounted that they felt stigmatized and lost opportunities to socialise and earn money. Differences between the two settings were identified. The majority of Indonesian participants preferred to stay at home, and some concealed the diagnosis of leprosy, while most of the Indian respondents continued working up to the time of hospitalization. Conclusion Leprosy reactions are a distressing complication of leprosy and adversely affect the lives of those affected. Individuals reported physical discomfort, distress, anxiety, stigma, and financial hardship and these negative impacts in the physical, psychological, and social spheres reinforced each other. These findings provide important information about a need for early detection and sustained commitment to follow-up care for people with a history of leprosy reactions. More research on new drugs for reactional episodes, tools to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice, and costing study on leprosy reactions treatment are needed. We recommend the development and testing of holistic strategies to improve the management of leprosy reactions.
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Koesbardiati, Toetik. "LEPRA PADA SISA RANGKA MANUSIA DARI LEWOLEBA: RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP SEJARAH PENGHUNIAN INDONESIA." Berkala Arkeologi 31, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v31i2.387.
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Leprosy is a chronic, mildly communicable disease of man which primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, peripheral nerves, eyes, bones and testes due to Mycobacterium leprae. Some researches show the evidence of leprosy spread worldwide in recent human history. Therefore, it is important to put leprosy’s case on the map to build broader knowledge, not only about the spread of leprosy, but also about human dispersal. The aim of the present study is to detect the M.leprae from ancient population in order to know its relevance to the peopling of Indonesia. Macroscopic method was performed based on Ortner method and Aufderheide and Rodriguez-Martin method to identify leprosy on the cranium of Lewoleba specimen (LLI/5), from Lembata Island, Indonesia. The antiquity of Lewoleba specimen is 2990+/-160BP. The results of the macroscopic method show that the specimen has suffered from leprosy in her lifetime. Some researchers concluded that emergence of leprosy related to human migration, in term of modern human dispersal, some researchers proved that the spread of leprosy worldwide consistent with the source of modern human (East Africa) and the spread of leprosy is also fit with the pattern of modern human dispersal. This fact provides an important clue how the M. leprae spread worldwide. Because the leprosy spread through human migration, this means also that leprosy could be infected the ancient people of Indonesia. This is because Indonesia was one of modern human migration’s route
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Pratama, Nevristia, Luh Made Mas Rusyati, Prima Sanjiwani Saraswati Sudarsa, IGAA Dwi Karmila, and NLP Ratih Vibriyanti Karna. "Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy with Severe Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: A Case Report." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 34, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v34.3.2022.210-216.
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Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) that primarily infects Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves, leading to nerve damage and the development of disabilities. In 2018, Indonesia was the third country with the most leprosy cases in the world. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), also known as type II leprosy reaction, is a severe immune-mediated complication of multibacillary leprosy. Purpose: To report a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy with severe ENL. Case: A 49-year-old Balinese man presented with multiple tender erythematous skin nodules all over his body, fever, arthralgia, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, and sensory loss for the past week. The acid-fast bacilli bacteriological examination showed a positive result. The patient was diagnosed with borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy with severe ENL and was treated with multibacillary multidrug therapy (MB MDT), methylprednisolone, and other symptomatic medications. After 1 month of treatment, there was an improvement in skin lesions. The MB-MDT treatment was continued and methylprednisolone was planned to be tapered down gradually. Discussion: Approximately 20-50% of all leprosy patients show leprosy reactions in the course of the disease. The goals of treatment for severe ENL are to control inflammation, reduce pain, treat neuritis to prevent nerve dysfunction and contractures, and prevent recurring ENL. The prognosis of leprosy with ENL reactions depends on the severity of the occurring leprosy reaction; early diagnosis and prompt treatment; and patient compliance with treatment. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid deformities in leprosy patients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leprosy"
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Dahlberg, Samuel. "Leprosy: life(expectancy)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447984.
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Denna kandidatuppsats (C-uppsats) kommer att undersöka sjukdomen lepra utifrån ett socialt perspektiv med syftet att undersöka om livslängden hos infekterade människor (i Europa) påverkades på något sätt utifrån det samtida samhällets regerande normer och perspektiv. Rådande Covid-19 pandemin har omöjliggjort egna osteologiska undersökningar, vilket är varför denna studie kommer grundas i andra arkeologers redan publicerade rapporter. Källmaterial för den sociala biten grundar sig i relevanta textuella skrifter, vilket inkluderar både modernt och historiskt material samt religiösa teman för bredaste (och bästa) ämnesomfamning. Tidsmässigt (etablerat efter det osteologiska materialet) fokuserar denna uppsats på ’Antiken’ (ca. 400 f.Kr. till ca. 400 e.Kr.) samt efterkommande medeltid efter skandinavisk räkning (ca. 900 e.Kr. fram till ca. 1500 e.Kr.).
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Rezende, Daniela Ventin Prates. "Expression of regulatory t cells in polar leprosy and leprosy reactions." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10882.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, depending on the host immune response. At the tuberculoid pole, patients have an effective Th1 cellular immune response against bacillus, with well-demarcated granulomas, which limits the disease, while the lepromatous pole is characterized by the absence of specific cellular immunity against Mycobacterium leprae, with a Th2 immune response, uncontrolled proliferation of leprosy bacilli and a spread disease. In addition to Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, recently other subset of T cells has been described. T regulatory lymphocytes play an immunosuppressive role in the activity of other cells and seem to participate in modulating the immune response in human chronic infections and self-tolerance. We performed immunohistochemical study on skin biopsies of 35 patients with different forms of leprosy using anti-CD4, anti-CD8 and anti-FoxP3 antibodies. There was an increased CD4 expression in tuberculoid patients and an increased CD8 expression in lepromatous patients. The FoxP3 expression was higher in lepromatous and reversal leprosy reaction patients. As previously demonstrated in other granulomatous infections, T regulatory cells may play a role in the immunopathology of leprosy. However, studies with larger series of patients are required to further elucidate the relationship between the presence of these cells and the clinical form of the disease.
A hansenÃase à uma doenÃa infecciosa crÃnica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae e apresenta uma grande variedade de manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas que dependem da resposta imunolÃgica do hospedeiro. Em um polo està a forma tuberculoide, na qual os pacientes apresentam uma resposta imunolÃgica Th1 celular contra o bacilo, com formaÃÃo de granulomas bem delimitados com doenÃa localizada. No outro polo temos a forma virchowiana caracterizada pela ausÃncia de imunidade celular especÃfica ao Mycobacterium leprae, com padrÃo de resposta imunolÃgica Th2, com macrÃfagos repletos de bacilos, mas com poucos linfÃcitos, sem formaÃÃo de granulomas e com disseminaÃÃo da doenÃa. AlÃm dos linfÃcitos Th1 e Th2, outra populaÃÃo de linfÃcitos T foi descrita recentemente. Os linfÃcitos T regulatÃrios desempenham um papel imunossupressor na atividade de outros linfÃcitos e de outras cÃlulas inflamatÃrias e parecem participar da modulaÃÃo da resposta imunolÃgica em infecÃÃes crÃnicas em seres humanos e da autotolerÃncia. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas 35 biÃpsias cutÃneas de lesÃo de pacientes portadores de diferentes formas de hansenÃase quanto à expressÃo dos marcadores celulares CD4, CD8 e FoxP3 por imunohistoquÃmica. Enquanto a expressÃo do CD4 foi maior nos pacientes portadores da forma tuberculoide da hansenÃase, a expressÃo do CD8 mostrou-se maior nos portadores de hansenÃase virchowiana. Quanto à expressÃo do FoxP3, esta foi maior nos portadores da forma virchowiana da hansenÃase e da reaÃÃo hansÃnica tipo 1 em relaÃÃo aos indivÃduos sadios. Parece que, assim como jà demonstrado em outras doenÃas infecciosas granulomatosas, os linfÃcitos Treg participam da imunopatologia da hansenÃase. Entretanto, estudos com maior nÃmero de pacientes sÃo necessÃrios, para um melhor entendimento da relaÃÃo entre a presenÃa desses linfÃcitos e a forma clÃnica da doenÃa.
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Jabez, John. "The History of Leprosy." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626584.
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Alter, Andrea. "Genetic susceptibility to leprosy." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94959.
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Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is a human infectious disease that can be effectively treated with 6-12 month administration of multi-drug therapy. In 2008, approximately 250,000 new cases were reported to the World Health Organization. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium leprae, was identified by G.H.A. Hansen in the nineteenth century. Subsequent to exposure, epidemiological studies maintain the importance of host genetics in leprosy susceptibility. A previous model-free genome-wide linkage scan in multi-case families from Vietnam detected linkage between chromosome region 6p21 (lod = 2.62) and leprosy per se and between 10p13 (lod = 1.98) and the paucibacillary sub-type. A first-round' high-density association scan (307 SNPs) of a 10.4 Mb target interval on 6p21 (BAT1→CCND3) in 194 single-case families from Vietnam led to the identification of a SNP in lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) LTA+80 as major risk factor for early-onset leprosy (P = 4.0×10-5). The association was replicated in 364 cases and 371 controls from North India (P = 0.006) and 104 single-case families from Vietnam (combined Vietnam P = 4.0×10-7). A second-round' ultra-high-density association scan (682 SNPs) of a 1.9 Mb sub-interval on 6p21 (HCG27→HLA-DPA3) in 198 single-case families from Vietnam led to the identification of two intergenic SNPs in the HLA class I region rs2394885 (P = 0.0063) and rs2922997 (P = 0.0094) as risk factors for leprosy. The associations were replicated in 292 single-case leprosy families from Vietnam (P = 8.8×10-5 and P = 0.0037, respectively) and the population-based sample from North India (P = 3.0×10-8 and P = 2.0×10-5, respectively). Finally, mannose receptor, C type 1 (MRC1) was selected as a candidate paucibacillary gene in the 10p13 region. In 490 single-case and 90 multi-case families from Vietnam a non-synonymous SNP in exon 7 rs1926736 (G396S) was associated with leprosy (P = 0.035) but not the paucibacillary sub-type. The assLa lèpre (maladie de Hansen) est une maladie infectieuse des humains qui peut être traitée avec succès par une antibiothérapie d'une durée de 6-12 mois. En 2008, environ 250 000 nouveaux cas ont été rapportés à l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. L'agent étiologique, Mycobacterium leprae, fut identifié par G.H.A. Hansen au XIXe siècle. Suite à l'exposition, des études épidémiologiques continuent de souligner l'importance de la génétique de l'hôte dans la susceptibilité à la lèpre. Une analyse génomique de liaison accomplie préalablement à partir de familles Vietnamiennes à cas multiples a détecté une liaison entre la région chromosomique 6p21 (lod = 2,62) et la lèpre per se et entre 10p13 (lod = 1,98) et le sous-type paucibacillaire. Une analyse primaire d'association de haute densité (307 SNP) d'une intervalle cible de 10,4 Mb dans le 6p21 (BAT1→CCND3) chez 192 familles à cas unique a mené à l'identification d'un SNP dans le gène de la lymphotoxine alpha (LTA) LTA+80 un facteur de risque majeur de la lèpre à début précoce (P = 4,0×10-5). L'association a été répliquée chez 364 cas et 371 témoins du nord de l'Inde (P = 0,006) et 104 famille Vietnamiennes à cas unique (P = 4.0×10-7 en combinant tout le Vietnam). Une analyse secondaire d'association à ultra-haute densité (682 SNP) d'une sous-intervalle de 1,9 Mb dans 6p21 (HCG27→HLA-DPA3) chez 198 familles Vietnamiennes à cas unique a permis l'identification de deux SNP intergéniques dans la région HLA de classe I rs2394885 (P = 0,0063) et rs2922997 (P = 0,0094) en tant que facteurs de risque à la lèpre. Les associations ont été répliquées chez 292 familles Vietnamiennes à cas unique (P = 8,8×10-5 et P = 0,0037, respectivement) et chez l'échantillon de population du nord de l'Inde (P = 3,0×10-8 et P = 2,0×10-5, respectivement). Finalement, le récepteur du mannose, C type 1 (MRC1) a été sélectionné comme gène candidat de$
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Akeli, Safua. "Leprosy in Samoa 1890 to 1922 : race, colonial politics and disempowerment : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/999.
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This thesis investigates the colonial organisation of leprosy care in Samoa from 1890 to 1922. It begins with the examination of the nineteenth century “Three Power” governments of Germany, United States of America and Great Britain over Samoa, and moves on to a study of German rule beginning in 1900 and New Zealand administration from 1914. It analyses colonial politics alongside the medical changes and exchanges of ideas about race, health and disease which dominated the direction of leprosy care in Samoa. During these thirty two years of European influence and control over Samoan affairs, the leprosy sufferer became confined and restricted, to some extent a result of international pressure for the segregation of leprosy sufferers, and a consequence of a public and medical push for isolation and confinement. Beginning in the German period, leprosy care involved medical and missionary alliances, evidence of a shift in the perception of leprosy as a shared responsibility, rather than exclusively a state one. This thesis examines the isolation policies carried out through the network of authorities involved in the organisation of leprosy care. It analyses the medical understanding of leprosy and the leprosy sufferer and traces the impact of these ideas on the leprosy policies implemented in Samoa, particularly the development and establishment of the first leprosy station in the village of Falefa which was later moved to the island of Nu’utele. The iii story of leprosy care in Samoa occurred at a time of decreasing Samoan authority, an indication of not only a disempowered leprosy sufferer but also of a largely disempowered Samoan people.
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Win, Le Le. "Changes in self-care behaviour : effect of self-care teaching on prevention of disability in leprosy patients, Myanmar /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19087.pdf.
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Schön, Thomas. "Nitric oxide in tuberculosis and leprosy /." Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med749s.pdf.
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Meisner, Sarah. "The genetics of susceptibility to leprosy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298995.
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Bwire, Robert. "Interactions of HIV with leprosy and tuberculosis." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/28528.
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McMenamin, Dorothy. "Leprosy and Stigma in the South Pacific: Camaraderie in Isolation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2913.
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The oral histories utilized by this research reveal the experiences of those
who suffered leprosy in five South Pacific nations, Fiji, New Caledonia,
Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu. This thesis explores how leprosy and its stigma
impacted on the lives of these people, some of whom suffered decades of
isolation at various leprosaria including the case of one New Caledonian
resident for nearly seventy years.
The testimonies of their experiences of diagnosis, removal into isolation,
medical treatment and eventual discharge back to their homes implicitly
contain descriptions of attitudes of stigma in their communities. This
research reveals that where there is openness and knowledge about the
minimal risk of leprosy contagion, as occurred in Fiji and Vanuatu from the
1950s, less stigma is attached to the disease. Nevertheless even in these
countries, prior to the 1950s and availability of any effective medication, the
fear and horror of the physical effects of leprosy was such that the victims
were either cast out or chose to move away from their homes. This
segregation led to groups of leprosy sufferers banding together to help care
for each other. Once the policy of isolation in leprosaria was implemented,
advanced cases of leprosy benefited from the better medical facilities and
found opportunities for friendships and camaraderie. However, where the
conditions at leprosaria were miserable and movements of the residents
visibly restricted by fences, as occurred in Samoa and Tonga, there was
heightened leprosy stigma.
Perceptions of stigma varied from person to person and region to region.
Higher levels of stigma were evident in New Caledonia, where leprosaria
had been situated at former prison sites and strict isolation enforced, and in
Tonga, where the removal of all leprosy sufferers had from the earliest days
been associated with biblical strictures asserting that leprosy was a curse and
the sufferers unclean. Following the availability of sulphone treatment in
the South Pacific in the1950s and the improved medication in the 1980s,
leprosy need no longer be physically disfiguring or disabling. Assisted by
the generous donations gathered by the Pacific Leprosy Foundation in New
Zealand to the medical services at the central leprosy hospital in Fiji, and by
direct assistance to leprosy sufferers in the Pacific, the disadvantages that
were imposed by leprosy in the past are disappearing and as one contributor
to the project said ‘the time of darkness’ is ending.
Books on the topic "Leprosy"
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Nunzi, Enrico, and Cesare Massone, eds. Leprosy. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2376-5.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Leprosy"
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Jacobson, Robert R., and Leo J. Yoder. "Leprosy." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 377–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_20.
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Stephenson, Andrew Phillips. "Leprosy." In Uveitis, 151–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52974-1_34.
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Firooz, Alireza, Yahya Dowlati, and Azin Ayatollahi. "Leprosy." In Neglected Tropical Diseases, 173–92. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1613-5_7.
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El-Domyati, Moetaz, Basma Mourad, and Hossam Abdel-Wahab. "Leprosy." In Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45134-3_74-1.
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Le, Minh. "Leprosy." In International Neurology, 262–65. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444317008.ch73.
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McGrew, Roderick E. "Leprosy." In Encyclopedia of Medical History, 161–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05429-9_10.
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Ranawaka, Ranthilaka R. "Leprosy." In Atlas of Dermatoses in Pigmented Skin, 257–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5483-4_15.
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Khadilkar, Satish V., Rakhil S. Yadav, and Bhagyadhan A. Patel. "Leprosy." In Neuromuscular Disorders, 383–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5361-0_34.
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Nakamura, Kazunari. "Leprosy." In Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, 333–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_34.
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Bonamonte, Domenico, Angela Filoni, Pietro Verni, Paolo Romita, and Gianni Angelini. "Leprosy." In Mycobacterial Skin Infections, 153–276. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48538-6_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Leprosy"
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Pertiwi, Dian Ayu, and Dumilah Ayuningtyas. "Policy Analysis of Leprosy Control: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.18.
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ABSTRACT Background: Leprosy is a slowly progressive and chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprosy. In many parts of the world, this is a very serious and humiliating disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are the most important strategies to control it. This study aimed to describe and analyze specific policies and strategies for people with leprosy. Subject and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching articles in 2 electronic databases, namely PubMed and Mendeley. The articles were collected based on PRISMA flow diagram. Results: From the ten articles that were collected, it was reported that the leprosy control policy could be carried out in several ways: (1) including government policies related to socio-economy, especially for the poor (2) eliminating the negative stigma about leprosy sufferers, and (3) the system of giving drug therapy through Multi-Drug Therapy. Of the seven journals that are a synthesis review, other things need to be considered related to leprosy control, including gender and leprosy diagnosis must be made as soon as possible before lepers suffer from a worse illness. Conclusion: socio-economic policies, eliminating stigma, providing drug therapy with MDT can reduce leprosy in a region. Keywords: leprosy control, systematic review Correpondence: Dian Ayu Pertiwi. Public Health Masters Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: madd209@yahoo.com. Mobile: 082124901758 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.18
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Saputra, Rizki Kurniawan, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Bhisma Murti. "Meta-Analysis: Effect of Exposure to Rodent on the Risk of Leprosy in Adults." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.59.
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Background: Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multi-bacillary patients. The purpose of this study was to examine effect of exposure to rodent on the risk of leprosy in adults. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study collected articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, which published from year 2000 to 2020. Keywords used “risk factors” OR “Leprosy” AND “rodent exposure” AND “case control”. The study subject was adults aged 26-65 years. The intervention was rodent exposure with comparison without rodent exposure. The study outcome was Leprosy. Collected articles were filtered using PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from Brazil, Laos, Jamaica, India, Mexico, and Nicaragua were met the inclusion criteria. This study reported that exposure to rodent increased the risk of leprosy in adults (aOR= 2.32; 95% CI= 1.37 to 3.95; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Exposure to rodent increases the risk of leprosy in adults. Keywords: Leprosy, rodent, meta-analysis Correspondence: Rizki Kurniawan Saputra. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rizkikurniawansaputra@gmail.com. Mobile: 0877 3815 2955.
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Pihahey, Priscilla Jessica, Bhisma Murti, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "Personal Hygiene and the Risk of Leprosy: A Meta-Analysis from Case Control Study." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.53.
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ABSTRACT Background: Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) which is transmitted through nasal and oral fluids. The incubation period for M. leprae ranging from 3 years to 20 years. The impact of leprosy is a disability that reduces the quality of life. Social contact to patients can increase the risk of leprosy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal hygienic and the risk of leprosy. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review on the Leprosy determinants. This study was conducted by search published articles from PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, Spinger Link, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Embase, LILACS, Embase, Emerald, PLOS, and Indonesian National Library (Perpusnas) electronic databases. “leprosy OR hansen desease AND risk factor AND Personal hygiene OR sanitation AND odds ratio” keywords were inserted to find related articles. The inclusion criteria were full text, open access article, published from 1949 to 2020, using Indonesian or English language, case control study, and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were analyzed using PRISMA flow chart and Revman 5.3. Results: 4 articles were met the criteria. A sample of 297 cases and 297 controls was selected for this study. This study reported that poor personal hygiene increased the risk of Leprosy 3.52 times (aOR= 3.52; 95%CI= 2.30 to 5.40; p<0.001). Conclusion: Poor personal hygiene increases the risk of Leprosy. Keywords: personal hygiene, Leprosy, meta-analysis Correspondence: Priscilla Jessica Pihaheys. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: pihaheypriscilla@gmail.com. Mobile: 08114852336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.53
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Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de, Lucas Gomes Santos, João Paulo Silva de Paiva, Thiago Cavalcanti Leal, Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana, Thais Silva Matos, Carlos Alberto de Oliveira Rocha, et al. "Pure neural leprosy or amyloid neuropathy? systematic review and clinical case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.227.
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Objective: To review the literature, including a clinical case discussion with suspicion of pure neural leprosy and final diagnosis of amyloid neuropathy. Methods: The study was conducted on May 28, 2020. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, with searches in PubMed, Medline, Lilacs and BVS MS using the descriptors: neuritic leprosy, pure neural leprosy, primary neural leprosy, pure neuritic leprosy, amyloid polyneuropathy, amyloid neuropathies, amyloid polyneuropathy. Clinical trials, cohorts, cross-sectional, clinical cases and case studies, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish between 2010 and 2020 were included. Then, a case report with an initial suspicion of pure neural leprosy was presented. Laboratory tests, electroneuromyography, ultrasound and biopsy of the sural nerve were requested. Results: 23 scientific texts were included. No publications with the two themes together were found. Diagnosis of pure neural leprosy and the possibility of using auxiliary resources were the most prominent themes in the studies. In the clinical case, the patient’s electroneuromyography showed sensitive and motor polyneuropathy of lower limbs, symmetrical, of moderate intensity, of the mixed type (axono- demyelinating), sensitive and axonal. Ultrasonography of the sural nerve revealed changes in the contour of the deep fibular nerves and biopsy of the sural nerve demonstrated the accumulation of amorphous eosinophilic material in the nerve path and Congo red staining showed birefringence of the deposit in applegreen under polarized light. The final diagnosis was amyloidotic neuropathy. Conclusion: Clinical diagnosis was amyloidotic neuropathy. Diagnosis of pure neural leprosy in endemic areas of Brazil is a challenge for the health system.
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Arapu, Valentin. "Leprosy in the context of medical folklore and magical medicine (ethnocultural aspects)." In Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.02.
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Leprosy has been known since ancient times, and has been reported in civilizations that have survived from antiquity to the present day. Lepers were treated in a contradictory way, being simultaneously excluded from social life, but also tolerated by certain secular and ecclesiastical institutions. Th e plague terrifi ed the people even though they had never seen a leper alive. Leprosy is considered an ugly disease, „destroying body and soul”, „serious and bad disease of the skin and of the body”, „an evil without cure”, a hideous disease that cripples, disfi gures man until you cannot recognize him. In Romanian folklore, the appearance of leprosy is attributed to curse. According to a legend collected in Ialoveni, Emperor Alexander of Macedon cursed the gypsies with leprosy disease for lying to him, when they declared that they had nothing to pay tribute with, because of poverty, in fact having sumptuous houses, covered with gold. In another folklore source collected in Wallachia, an emperor’s daughter was cured of leprosy by Saint Basil, who used a stew of tobacco fl owers as a remedy. Leprosy has been known since ancient times, and has been reported in civilizations that have survived from antiquity to the present day. Lepers were treated in a contradictory way, being simultaneously excluded from social life, but also tolerated by certain secular and ecclesiastical institutions. Th e plague terrifi ed the people even though they had never seen a leper alive. Leprosy is considered an ugly disease, „destroying body and soul”, „serious and bad disease of the skin”.
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Nunes Assis Daameche, Luciana, Carlos Eduardo Lins, Tayane Oliveira Pires, Helga Moura Kherle, Dunya Bouchour Basílio, Gustavo de Paiva Costa, Jamille Nascimento Carneiro, et al. "LEPROSY MIMICKING ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS." In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.17554.
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Putri, Arridha Hutami, Mila Darmi, and Ramona Dumasari Lubis. "Multibacillary Leprosy in a Child." In The 2nd International Conference on Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009990304070410.
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Borges, Isabella Sabião, Agnes Laura Silva Neres, Gabriella Louise Constantino Silva, Vinícius Moura Abbud Pena, Ana Clara Gondim Oliveira, Iago Resende Carvalho, Isabela Correa Samper, Douglas Eulálio Antunes, Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart, and Diogo Fernandes dos Santos. "Description of electroneuromyographic findings in leprosy: confirming a spectral neuropathy." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.696.
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Introduction: Leprosy is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy, leading to sequelae that perpetuate the stigma linked to the disease. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is the gold standard to evaluate neural damage, as it can detect even subclinical alterations. Objectives: To describe the electroneuromyographic findings in leprosy patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the records from patients with leprosy in a Brazilian Reference Center, between 2014 and 2021. The sensibility conduction of the median, ulnar, radial, sural and peroneal nerves, and motor conduction of the median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial nerves were analyzed. Results: Five hundred and thirteen patients with leprosy submitted to ENMG at the diagnosis were analyzed. The mean age was 45.8 years (±16.6) with 50.1% being male, and multibacillary represented 85.8% of the cases. Of these patients, 71.9% presented neural damage compatible with leprosy. In total, 2,627 damaged nerves were found, with a mean of 7.1 (±5.2) per patient. The most affected sensitive nerve was the superficial peroneal 15.8%, with a mean of 4.4 (±3.3) damaged nerves per patient. The most affected motor nerve was the ulnar 12.9%, with a mean of 2.7 (±2.5) damaged nerves per patient. Between the 369 patients with neural leprosy damage, 19.2% presented with mononeuropathy, while 80.8% presented two or more damaged nerves. Asymmetric sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with focal slowing of conduction velocity was the most common ENMG pattern 53.9%. Conclusion: Leprosy is a spectral disease, therefore, the damage and neurophysiological characteristics can vary according to the clinical presentation. The ENMG pattern confirms that there is a greater involvement of sensitive nerves asymmetrically, mainly axonal, with localized non-uniform myelin damage.
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Luppi, Andrea de Martino, Douglas Eulálio Antunes, Gabriella Louise Constantino Silva, Vinícius Moura Abbud Pena, Elisa Santos Pennisi, Laura de Lourdes Cardoso e. Silva, Iago Resende Carvalho, et al. "Multisegmental ultrasonography of peripheral nerves in leprosy neuropathy." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.731.
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Introduction: Leprosy is the most common treatable peripheral neuropathy worldwide. The detection of peripheral nerve impairment is essential for its diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: To identify neural thickening through multisegmental ultrasonography (US). Methods: US measurements of cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of ulnar, median and tibial nerves at two points (in the osteofibrous tunnel and proximal to the tunnel), and also of the common fibular nerve at the fibular head. CSA index (ΔCSA) was calculated as the absolute difference between CSAs from the contralateral side. This is a cross-sectional study composed of 53 leprosy patients (LP) and 53 healthy volunteers (HV). Results: US evaluation detected a total of 138 enlarged nerves, implying neural impairment in 71.7% (38/53) of LP (3.6 enlarged nerves/LP). We detected only mononeuropathy on patient in 23.7% (9/38), and multiple mononeuropathy in 76.3% (29/53). The ulnar and tibial were the most frequently affected nerves. The mean values of CSA of all nerves were significantly higher in LP. We also observed higher ΔCSA measurements for all nerves in LP, with significantly higher values for the ulnar and tibial nerves, both in the tunnel and proximal to the tunnel points. All clinical forms of leprosy evaluated showed neural enlargement through US. Conclusion: The multisegmental US is a useful method for diagnosing leprosy neuropathy, revealing that asymmetry and irregular thickening are characteristics of the disease. Furthermore, that neural involvement is common in different clinical forms of leprosy, reinforcing the importance of including US evaluation of peripheral nerves in the investigation of all leprosy patients.
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Santos, Alencar Pereira dos, Diogo Fernandes dos Santos, Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart, Thales Junqueira Oliveira, Isabella Sabião Borges, Maria Fernanda Prado Rosa, Gabriel Nunes Melo Assunção, et al. "Early diagnosis of neural involvement in home contacts of leprosy patients: The experience of a national reference center between 2014- 2020." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.605.
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Background: The long incubation period of leprosy, its insidious signs and symptoms produce difficulties in its diagnosis and correct clinical classification. The early recognition of neural impairment in leprosy, especially in household contacts with subclinical infection and in the primary neural form, in which the classic clinical and laboratory findings of the disease are, by definition, absent, represents a major challenge in clinical practice. Objectives: Characterize the clinical, molecular, serological and neurophysiological aspects in the early diagnosis of leprosy neuropathy, in household contacts with subclinical infection (positive ELISA anti-PGL1 serology. Design and setting: Longitudinal study carried out at the Clinics Hospital - Federal Univeristy of Uberlândia, a center specialized in Leprosy/Sanitary Dermatology. Methods: 361 seropositive household contacts (CDSP), defined as subclinical infection, were recruited, followed up at a national referral center for leprosy in Brazil, from 2014 to 2016. All individuals underwent a clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological evaluation. Results: 361 CDSP were evaluated. The qPCR analysis was positive in 35.5% (128/361) in the dermal shaving and in 25.8% (85/361) in the skin biopsy of the CDSP. In the electroneuromyographic evaluation, 23.5% (93/361) of the CDSP showed signs of neural involvement, with an average of 2.1 nerves compromised by CDSP. 62.3% (53/93) presented a pattern of mononeuropathy in ENMG. Conclusions: Annual monitoring of CDSP, a prevalence of peripheral neural impairment assessed by ENMG, favoring early treatment.
Reports on the topic "Leprosy"
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Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: What have we learned? Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2001.1001.
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Stigma is a common human reaction to disease. Throughout history many diseases have carried considerable stigma, including leprosy, tuberculosis, cancer, mental illness, and many sexually transmitted diseases. HIV/AIDS is only the latest disease to be stigmatized. This paper reviews 21 interventions that have explicitly attempted to decrease AIDS stigma both in the developed and developing countries and 9 studies that aim to decrease stigma related with other diseases. The studies selected met stringent evaluation criteria in order to draw common lessons for future development of interventions to combat stigma. This paper assesses published and reported studies through comparison of audiences, types of interventions, and methods used to measure change. Target audiences include both those living with or suspected of living with a disease and perpetrators of stigma. All interventions reviewed target subgroups within these broad categories. Types of programs include general information-based programs, contact with affected groups, coping skills acquisition, and counseling approaches. A limited number of scales and indices were used as indicators of change in AIDS stigma.