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1
Dahlberg, Samuel. "Leprosy: life(expectancy)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447984.
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Denna kandidatuppsats (C-uppsats) kommer att undersöka sjukdomen lepra utifrån ett socialt perspektiv med syftet att undersöka om livslängden hos infekterade människor (i Europa) påverkades på något sätt utifrån det samtida samhällets regerande normer och perspektiv. Rådande Covid-19 pandemin har omöjliggjort egna osteologiska undersökningar, vilket är varför denna studie kommer grundas i andra arkeologers redan publicerade rapporter. Källmaterial för den sociala biten grundar sig i relevanta textuella skrifter, vilket inkluderar både modernt och historiskt material samt religiösa teman för bredaste (och bästa) ämnesomfamning. Tidsmässigt (etablerat efter det osteologiska materialet) fokuserar denna uppsats på ’Antiken’ (ca. 400 f.Kr. till ca. 400 e.Kr.) samt efterkommande medeltid efter skandinavisk räkning (ca. 900 e.Kr. fram till ca. 1500 e.Kr.).
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Rezende, Daniela Ventin Prates. "Expression of regulatory t cells in polar leprosy and leprosy reactions." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10882.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, depending on the host immune response. At the tuberculoid pole, patients have an effective Th1 cellular immune response against bacillus, with well-demarcated granulomas, which limits the disease, while the lepromatous pole is characterized by the absence of specific cellular immunity against Mycobacterium leprae, with a Th2 immune response, uncontrolled proliferation of leprosy bacilli and a spread disease. In addition to Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, recently other subset of T cells has been described. T regulatory lymphocytes play an immunosuppressive role in the activity of other cells and seem to participate in modulating the immune response in human chronic infections and self-tolerance. We performed immunohistochemical study on skin biopsies of 35 patients with different forms of leprosy using anti-CD4, anti-CD8 and anti-FoxP3 antibodies. There was an increased CD4 expression in tuberculoid patients and an increased CD8 expression in lepromatous patients. The FoxP3 expression was higher in lepromatous and reversal leprosy reaction patients. As previously demonstrated in other granulomatous infections, T regulatory cells may play a role in the immunopathology of leprosy. However, studies with larger series of patients are required to further elucidate the relationship between the presence of these cells and the clinical form of the disease.
A hansenÃase à uma doenÃa infecciosa crÃnica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae e apresenta uma grande variedade de manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas que dependem da resposta imunolÃgica do hospedeiro. Em um polo està a forma tuberculoide, na qual os pacientes apresentam uma resposta imunolÃgica Th1 celular contra o bacilo, com formaÃÃo de granulomas bem delimitados com doenÃa localizada. No outro polo temos a forma virchowiana caracterizada pela ausÃncia de imunidade celular especÃfica ao Mycobacterium leprae, com padrÃo de resposta imunolÃgica Th2, com macrÃfagos repletos de bacilos, mas com poucos linfÃcitos, sem formaÃÃo de granulomas e com disseminaÃÃo da doenÃa. AlÃm dos linfÃcitos Th1 e Th2, outra populaÃÃo de linfÃcitos T foi descrita recentemente. Os linfÃcitos T regulatÃrios desempenham um papel imunossupressor na atividade de outros linfÃcitos e de outras cÃlulas inflamatÃrias e parecem participar da modulaÃÃo da resposta imunolÃgica em infecÃÃes crÃnicas em seres humanos e da autotolerÃncia. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas 35 biÃpsias cutÃneas de lesÃo de pacientes portadores de diferentes formas de hansenÃase quanto à expressÃo dos marcadores celulares CD4, CD8 e FoxP3 por imunohistoquÃmica. Enquanto a expressÃo do CD4 foi maior nos pacientes portadores da forma tuberculoide da hansenÃase, a expressÃo do CD8 mostrou-se maior nos portadores de hansenÃase virchowiana. Quanto à expressÃo do FoxP3, esta foi maior nos portadores da forma virchowiana da hansenÃase e da reaÃÃo hansÃnica tipo 1 em relaÃÃo aos indivÃduos sadios. Parece que, assim como jà demonstrado em outras doenÃas infecciosas granulomatosas, os linfÃcitos Treg participam da imunopatologia da hansenÃase. Entretanto, estudos com maior nÃmero de pacientes sÃo necessÃrios, para um melhor entendimento da relaÃÃo entre a presenÃa desses linfÃcitos e a forma clÃnica da doenÃa.
3
Jabez, John. "The History of Leprosy." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626584.
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Alter, Andrea. "Genetic susceptibility to leprosy." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94959.
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Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is a human infectious disease that can be effectively treated with 6-12 month administration of multi-drug therapy. In 2008, approximately 250,000 new cases were reported to the World Health Organization. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium leprae, was identified by G.H.A. Hansen in the nineteenth century. Subsequent to exposure, epidemiological studies maintain the importance of host genetics in leprosy susceptibility. A previous model-free genome-wide linkage scan in multi-case families from Vietnam detected linkage between chromosome region 6p21 (lod = 2.62) and leprosy per se and between 10p13 (lod = 1.98) and the paucibacillary sub-type. A first-round' high-density association scan (307 SNPs) of a 10.4 Mb target interval on 6p21 (BAT1→CCND3) in 194 single-case families from Vietnam led to the identification of a SNP in lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) LTA+80 as major risk factor for early-onset leprosy (P = 4.0×10-5). The association was replicated in 364 cases and 371 controls from North India (P = 0.006) and 104 single-case families from Vietnam (combined Vietnam P = 4.0×10-7). A second-round' ultra-high-density association scan (682 SNPs) of a 1.9 Mb sub-interval on 6p21 (HCG27→HLA-DPA3) in 198 single-case families from Vietnam led to the identification of two intergenic SNPs in the HLA class I region rs2394885 (P = 0.0063) and rs2922997 (P = 0.0094) as risk factors for leprosy. The associations were replicated in 292 single-case leprosy families from Vietnam (P = 8.8×10-5 and P = 0.0037, respectively) and the population-based sample from North India (P = 3.0×10-8 and P = 2.0×10-5, respectively). Finally, mannose receptor, C type 1 (MRC1) was selected as a candidate paucibacillary gene in the 10p13 region. In 490 single-case and 90 multi-case families from Vietnam a non-synonymous SNP in exon 7 rs1926736 (G396S) was associated with leprosy (P = 0.035) but not the paucibacillary sub-type. The assLa lèpre (maladie de Hansen) est une maladie infectieuse des humains qui peut être traitée avec succès par une antibiothérapie d'une durée de 6-12 mois. En 2008, environ 250 000 nouveaux cas ont été rapportés à l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. L'agent étiologique, Mycobacterium leprae, fut identifié par G.H.A. Hansen au XIXe siècle. Suite à l'exposition, des études épidémiologiques continuent de souligner l'importance de la génétique de l'hôte dans la susceptibilité à la lèpre. Une analyse génomique de liaison accomplie préalablement à partir de familles Vietnamiennes à cas multiples a détecté une liaison entre la région chromosomique 6p21 (lod = 2,62) et la lèpre per se et entre 10p13 (lod = 1,98) et le sous-type paucibacillaire. Une analyse primaire d'association de haute densité (307 SNP) d'une intervalle cible de 10,4 Mb dans le 6p21 (BAT1→CCND3) chez 192 familles à cas unique a mené à l'identification d'un SNP dans le gène de la lymphotoxine alpha (LTA) LTA+80 un facteur de risque majeur de la lèpre à début précoce (P = 4,0×10-5). L'association a été répliquée chez 364 cas et 371 témoins du nord de l'Inde (P = 0,006) et 104 famille Vietnamiennes à cas unique (P = 4.0×10-7 en combinant tout le Vietnam). Une analyse secondaire d'association à ultra-haute densité (682 SNP) d'une sous-intervalle de 1,9 Mb dans 6p21 (HCG27→HLA-DPA3) chez 198 familles Vietnamiennes à cas unique a permis l'identification de deux SNP intergéniques dans la région HLA de classe I rs2394885 (P = 0,0063) et rs2922997 (P = 0,0094) en tant que facteurs de risque à la lèpre. Les associations ont été répliquées chez 292 familles Vietnamiennes à cas unique (P = 8,8×10-5 et P = 0,0037, respectivement) et chez l'échantillon de population du nord de l'Inde (P = 3,0×10-8 et P = 2,0×10-5, respectivement). Finalement, le récepteur du mannose, C type 1 (MRC1) a été sélectionné comme gène candidat de$
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Akeli, Safua. "Leprosy in Samoa 1890 to 1922 : race, colonial politics and disempowerment : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/999.
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This thesis investigates the colonial organisation of leprosy care in Samoa from 1890 to 1922. It begins with the examination of the nineteenth century “Three Power” governments of Germany, United States of America and Great Britain over Samoa, and moves on to a study of German rule beginning in 1900 and New Zealand administration from 1914. It analyses colonial politics alongside the medical changes and exchanges of ideas about race, health and disease which dominated the direction of leprosy care in Samoa. During these thirty two years of European influence and control over Samoan affairs, the leprosy sufferer became confined and restricted, to some extent a result of international pressure for the segregation of leprosy sufferers, and a consequence of a public and medical push for isolation and confinement. Beginning in the German period, leprosy care involved medical and missionary alliances, evidence of a shift in the perception of leprosy as a shared responsibility, rather than exclusively a state one. This thesis examines the isolation policies carried out through the network of authorities involved in the organisation of leprosy care. It analyses the medical understanding of leprosy and the leprosy sufferer and traces the impact of these ideas on the leprosy policies implemented in Samoa, particularly the development and establishment of the first leprosy station in the village of Falefa which was later moved to the island of Nu’utele. The iii story of leprosy care in Samoa occurred at a time of decreasing Samoan authority, an indication of not only a disempowered leprosy sufferer but also of a largely disempowered Samoan people.
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Win, Le Le. "Changes in self-care behaviour : effect of self-care teaching on prevention of disability in leprosy patients, Myanmar /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19087.pdf.
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Schön, Thomas. "Nitric oxide in tuberculosis and leprosy /." Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med749s.pdf.
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Meisner, Sarah. "The genetics of susceptibility to leprosy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298995.
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Bwire, Robert. "Interactions of HIV with leprosy and tuberculosis." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/28528.
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McMenamin, Dorothy. "Leprosy and Stigma in the South Pacific: Camaraderie in Isolation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2913.
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The oral histories utilized by this research reveal the experiences of those
who suffered leprosy in five South Pacific nations, Fiji, New Caledonia,
Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu. This thesis explores how leprosy and its stigma
impacted on the lives of these people, some of whom suffered decades of
isolation at various leprosaria including the case of one New Caledonian
resident for nearly seventy years.
The testimonies of their experiences of diagnosis, removal into isolation,
medical treatment and eventual discharge back to their homes implicitly
contain descriptions of attitudes of stigma in their communities. This
research reveals that where there is openness and knowledge about the
minimal risk of leprosy contagion, as occurred in Fiji and Vanuatu from the
1950s, less stigma is attached to the disease. Nevertheless even in these
countries, prior to the 1950s and availability of any effective medication, the
fear and horror of the physical effects of leprosy was such that the victims
were either cast out or chose to move away from their homes. This
segregation led to groups of leprosy sufferers banding together to help care
for each other. Once the policy of isolation in leprosaria was implemented,
advanced cases of leprosy benefited from the better medical facilities and
found opportunities for friendships and camaraderie. However, where the
conditions at leprosaria were miserable and movements of the residents
visibly restricted by fences, as occurred in Samoa and Tonga, there was
heightened leprosy stigma.
Perceptions of stigma varied from person to person and region to region.
Higher levels of stigma were evident in New Caledonia, where leprosaria
had been situated at former prison sites and strict isolation enforced, and in
Tonga, where the removal of all leprosy sufferers had from the earliest days
been associated with biblical strictures asserting that leprosy was a curse and
the sufferers unclean. Following the availability of sulphone treatment in
the South Pacific in the1950s and the improved medication in the 1980s,
leprosy need no longer be physically disfiguring or disabling. Assisted by
the generous donations gathered by the Pacific Leprosy Foundation in New
Zealand to the medical services at the central leprosy hospital in Fiji, and by
direct assistance to leprosy sufferers in the Pacific, the disadvantages that
were imposed by leprosy in the past are disappearing and as one contributor
to the project said ‘the time of darkness’ is ending.
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Bergman, Love, and Asabea Britton. "Nurse's experiences of leprosy related stigma in Ghana." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3941.
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Background: Leprosy has long been associated with stigma and the disease causes a lot of suffering to those affected, not only physically but also emotionally and psychologically due to the effects of stigma. Aim: To describe the nurse’s experiences of leprosy related stigma in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: A qualitative interview study with semi-structured interviews. Seven individual interviews were conducted four with nurses working at a hospital, specializing in leprosy care, at in the Central Region of Ghana. The data was analyzed using a content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundmans concept. Results: The nurses described an exclusion affecting leprosy patients because of their disease. Significant factors, such as lack of knowledge and social circumstances, could be linked to leprosy related stigma. Discussions: The result was discussed using Watson's theory of human, referring to eight of her ten carative factors. Three main subjects were identified and discussed related to the result. These were educational factors, social factors and stigmatization.
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Kirkaldy, Alice Amanda. "The role of chemokines in leprosy skin lesions." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268729.
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Besra, Gurdyal Singh. "Studies on the lipids of the leprosy bacillus." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303125.
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Pearson, M. A. "Leprosy in West Nepal : Social and spatial perspectives." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378448.
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Smith, W. C. S. "Evaluation of a leprosy control programme in India." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372441.
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Nakachi, Shogo Wichai Supanaranond. "Outcome of treatment in leprosy reactions /cShogo Nakachi." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4838789.pdf.
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Thematic Paper (M.C.T.M. (Clinical Tropical Medicine))--Mahidol University, 2006.LICL has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact computer services. LIRV has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact circulation services.
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Bouka, Aimée-Angélique. "Functional studies of PARK2/PACRG leprosy susceptibility factor." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119759.
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Leprosy is a chronic human infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a slow growing intracellular parasite mostly of macrophages and Schwann cells. In 2010, there were an estimated 228,474 new cases worldwide. Research conducted for decades has strongly suggested that genetic factors participate in host susceptibility to leprosy. Employing a positional cloning approach, the Schurr group had identified genetic variants in the shared PARK2/PACRG promoter region as major leprosy susceptibility factors. Specifically, it was possible to identify two PARK2 promoter allelic combinations that were strongly associated with leprosy susceptibility. The reference allelic combination that was not associated with leprosy was considered a "resistant" combination while the one which was associated with leprosy (OR = 5.28; CI 95% = 2.06–13.55) was considered a leprosy "susceptible" allelic combination. Using two strains of transgenic mice carrying a human PARK2 promoter overlapping the leprosy risk factors fused to a firefly gene reporter, we studied the activity of the human PARK2 promoter and the leprosy susceptibility alleles in mice. We found a tissue distribution of the reporter construct in mice that was consistent with the expression of PARK2 in human organs. However, we also noted that the transgenes had poor correlation with endogenous mouse Park2 expression. Unexpectedly, pPARK2/FLuc transgenes were down-regulated in the spleen of mice following BCG and S. Typhimurium infection. Likewise, endogenous mouse Park2 expression was repressed in the spleen by BCG and S. Typhimurium infection as well as by LPS exposure. We did not detect consistent differential allelic expression of the two pPARK2/FLuc transgenes. Parkin expression was modulated in the spleen by immune stimulation. This finding added a new element supporting the hypothesis of Parkin being a host defense protein. The transgenic mouse model did not provide data that supported a direct role of the human leprosy susceptibility factors in PARK2 expression levels.La lèpre est une maladie chronique infectieuse affectant les êtres humains. Elle est causée par Mycobacterium leprae, un parasite intracellulaire à croissance lente ayant un tropisme pour macrophages et les cellules de Schwann. En 2010, il y eu environ 228.474 nouveaux cas de lèpre diagnostiqués dans le monde entier. Des recherches menées depuis des décennies ont fortement suggéré que des facteurs génétiques de l'hôte contribuent fortement à la susceptibilité à la lèpre. Utilisant une approche de clonage positionnel, le groupe Schurr a identifié des polymorphismes génétiques dans la région promotrice partagée par les gènes PARK2 et PACRG comme facteurs prédisposant à la lèpre. Plus précisément, il a été possible d'identifier deux combinaisons alléliques principales localisées dans le promoteur du gène PARK2 qui étaient statistiquement associées à la lèpre. La combinaison allélique sans association à la lèpre était considérée comme étant la combinaison conférant une «résistance» contre la lèpre tandis que celle qui a été associée à la maladie (OR = 5,28, IC 95% = 2,06 à 13,55) a été considéré comme étant la combinaison conférant "susceptibilité" à la maladie. En utilisant deux souches de souris transgéniques contenant un promoteur humain du gène PARK2 ainsi que les facteurs de risque pour la lèpre fusionné avec un gène rapporteur codant pour la luciférase, nous avons étudié l'impact des deux combinaisons alléliques liées à la lèpre sur l'activité du promoteur humainPARK2. Il a été déterminé que l'expression du rapporteur chez la souris en terme de distribution tissulaire est comparable à l'expression de PARK2 chez l'homme, mais que l'expression des transgènes a une faible corrélation avec l'expression de Park2 endogène chez la souris. En outre, les transgènes pPARK2/FLuc sont régulés à la baisse dans la rate par lors d'une infection avec BCG et S. Typhimurium. De plus, l'expression endogène de Park2 chez la souris est réprimée dans la rate par l'infection au BCG et à la S. Typhimurium ainsi que l'exposition au LPS. Enfin, nous avons pu conclure qu'il n'y a pas d'expression différentielle stable entre les deux allèles du transgène pPARK2/FLuc. L'expression de Parkin est modulée dans la rate par la stimulation immunitaire. Cette observation ajoute un nouvel élément qui soutient que PARK2 appartient au mécanisme de défense de l'hôte. Nos lignées de souris transgéniques n'ont pas apporté de résultats prouvant l'impact des facteurs de susceptibilité de la lèpre sur l'expression différentielle du promoteur PARK2.
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Vadher, Atul. "Patient treatment compliance in leprosy : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303622.
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Gollnick, Emily. "Leprosy in the Dakhleh Oasis (Egypt) During Roman Rule." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/430.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Anthropology
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Bührer-Sékula, Samira. "A simple dipstick assay for leprosy development, evaluation and application /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/55198.
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Moet, Fake Johannes. "Contacts of leprosy patients: occurance and prevention of the disease." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10513.
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Mira, Marcelo Távora. "A study of host genetic risk factors for leprosy susceptibility /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84296.
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Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is the leading cause of non-traumatic neuropathies in the world. Although a genetic component for leprosy susceptibility has been demonstrated by several studies, the exact nature and extent of this component is still unknown. Here, we applied linkage and association analysis in a combined candidate region and genome-wide approach to further investigate the nature of host genetic factors controlling leprosy susceptibility. First, we used 20 Vietnamese multiplex leprosy families to perform linkage analysis on selected genomic candidate regions harbouring genes previously known to be either linked or associated with leprosy phenotypes. We found significant evidence for linkage between markers of the TNFA gene located on chromosomal region 6p21 and clinical subtype of the disease (P = 0.00021). Next, we performed a genome-wide scan in a sample of 86 Vietnamese multiplex leprosy families. We identified a new leprosy "per se" susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q25--q27 (LOD = 4.31, P = 5 x 10-6). Linkage results were reproduced by family-based association analysis in an independent sample of 208 Vietnamese simplex leprosy pedigrees (P = 5.9 x 10 -5). A linkage homogeneity test confirmed chromosomal region 10p13 as modifier for paucibacillary leprosy in the Vietnamese population. Finally, we applied SNP-based association analysis to construct a high density linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of chromosome 6q25--q27. We identified genetic polymorphisms clustered in a 80 Kb LD block overlapping the 5-prime regulatory region shared by two genes, Parkinson's disease susceptibility gene PARK2 and PACRG, as risk factors for leprosy "per se" in the Vietnamese population (OR = 3.15--5.72). All associated SNPs can be distributed in three frequency haplotypes, with two SNPs capturing all the association information between the PARK2/PACRG 5-prime regulatory region and leprosy in the Viet
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Walker, Stephen L. "The measurement, treatment and immunopathology of leprosy type 1 reactions." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536876.
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Clouatre, Elsa. "«In-vitro» functional studies of the «LTA+80A» leprosy risk factor." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66819.
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Introduction Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects an estimated 300,000 new cases each year. The LTA+80 A promoter allele, a strong leprosy risk factor (Alcais et al. 2007), has been shown to facilitate binding of the ABF1 transcriptional repressor in human B-cells (Knight et al. 2004). Direct studies on the impact of LTA+80 genotypes on LTA expression levels following exposure of human cells to M. leprae are missing. Results Comparative analysis of LTA expression in M. leprae stimulated and un-stimulated human blood samples revealed that LTA expression patterns did not differ between genotype groups. Observed LTA expression differences show a variable pattern within genotype groups suggesting a complex mechanism of action. Using a transient transfection assay, the LTA+80A allele was shown to exert significantly reduced activity relative to the "C" allele (P=0.01) in a Ramos B-lymphocyte cell line. These results follow the hypothesis that the LTA+80A allele has a repressing affect on expression. However, when the alleles were co-transfected with ABF1, there was no alteration of baseline expression levels, suggesting that ABF1 is not responsible for differential ability of the LTA promoter alleles to drive luciferase activity. Analysis of allele-specific expression in heterozygous cell lines using cross-linking experiments indicated that expression was not LTA+80 allele-specific as the allelic ratios were equal in presence and absence of cross-linking reagent. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the two reporter constructs did not reveal an expression difference at the level of RNA alleles. Studies on posttranscriptional regulation indicated that LTA+80 does not affect translational efficiency, but rather impacts on regulation at the level of nuclear export, where LTA+80C is preferentially found in the cytoplasm (P=0.01). Further analysis, suggests LTA uses the CRM1 expIntroductionLa lèpre est une maladie causée par Mycobacterium leprae qui engendre environ 300 000 nouveaux cas chaque année. Il a été démontré que l'allèle A du promoteur de LTA+80, un important facteur de risque pour la lèpre (Alcais et al. 2007) se lie de manière sélective au répresseur de transcription ABF1 dans les cellules B humaines (Knight et al. 2004). Des études directes de l'impact des génotypes de LTA+80 sur l'expression de LTA suite à l'exposition de cellules humaines à l'antigène de M.leprae sont manquantes.RésultatsL'analyse comparative de l'expression de LTA dans les échantillons sanguins stimulés ou non-stimulés révèlent que l'expression des niveaux de LTA ne change pas d'un groupe génotypique à l'autre. Les differences d'expression de LTA observées se présentent sous un schéma variable à l'intérieur des groupes génotypiques ce qui indique un mécanisme d'action complexe. À l'aide d'un test de transfection transitoire, il fut montré que l'allèle « A » de LTA+80 stimulait signifivativement moins l'activité du rapporteur luciférase comparativement à l'allèle « C » (P=0.01) chez des lymphocytes B Ramos. Ces résultats vont de pair avec l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'expression de l'allèle A de LTA+80 est réprimée sélectivement. Cependant, lorsque les deux allèles de LTA+80 furent co-transfectées avec ABF1, aucune variation des niveaux d'expression de base ne fut observée, ce qui suggère que ABF1 n'est peut-être pas responsable de la capacité différentielle des allèles du promoteur de LTA à faire varier l'activité luciférase. Une analyse de l'expression spécifique à chaque allèle dans des lignées cellulaires hétérozygotes à l'aide d'expériences de pontage de la chromatine a indiqué que l'expression n'est pas spécifique aux allèles de LTA+80. Une analyse par RT-PCR quantitatif des deux constructions n'a pas révélé de différenc
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Jones, Janet. "Issues in leprosy and social isolation : a case study from Nepal." Thesis, University of Derby, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/297119.
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Brahmbhatt, Shweta. "Development of synthetic peptide reagents as a diagnostic tool for leprosy." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251991.
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Rafi, Abdolnasser. "Molecular and immunological studies on #fully treated' long term leprosy patients." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283434.
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Roy, Suchismita. "The association between HLA-DR antigens, TNF alpha polymorphisms and leprosy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361692.
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Obregón, Torres Diana. "Struggling against leprosy: physicians, medicine, and society in Colombia, 1880-1940." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39087.
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Haroun, Omer Mohammed Osman Hamid. "Neuropathic pain in leprosy : deep profiling and stratification of patient groups." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2030956/.
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Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, affecting the skin and nerves. Neuropathic pain (NP), which is defined as pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, is now being recognized as an important complication of leprosy. It occurs in 10-20% of patients as a result of persisting nerve damage. Patient with NP is associated with significant suffering, morbidity and limitation of quality of life. Thus, the accurate identification of NP in patients with pain is required. The clinical aspects of NP in leprosy patients in India were investigated using highly specialised assessment tool; quantitative sensory testing (QST). A case control study was conducted in 90 patients with and without pain. Two validation studies were conducted among healthy volunteers in London (18 participants) and Mumbai (52 participants). Somatosensory profiles were compared in leprosy patients to healthy control subjects. The pattern revealed a novel profile of loss of cool and warm detection thresholds and also mechanical detection but with preservation of vibration detection. This is different to profiles seen in other NP conditions. The QST parameters were effective in detecting neuropathy, but were not able to distinguish between patients with and without NP. Patients with leprosy NP had a high rate of abnormal findings in almost all QST parameters in the maximum pain area over the ulnar nerve. Their sensory profiles were categorised into two subgroups. The majority of patients have spontaneous pain with evidence of sensory loss, but no signs of sensory gain. The second subgroup had profoundly impaired pain and temperature sensation, but light mechanical stimuli often produce pain. Patients with NP had a poor quality of life and psychological well-being compared to pain-free neuropathy.
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McKnight, C. Jason. "Clinical testing and prognostic markers for the development of leprosy neuropathy." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536801.
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Messali, Jean-Pierre. "La "lèpre" dans les écrits bibliques et rabbiniques : aspects historiques, textuels et rituels." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA037/document.
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Pendant plus de deux mille ans, les historiens ont colporté une légende : les Juifs ont été expulsés d'Egypte car ils étaient porteurs de la lèpre. L'étude de la maladie de Hansen (nom actuel de la lèpre) et les différentes recherches, historiques (sur les textes des historiens de l'Antiquité) et archéologiques permettent de contester certains écrits et de prouver que cette légende, qui s'est perpétuée jusqu'au milieu du XXème siècle, était fausse.Cependant, la Bible hébraïque consacre deux chapitres du Lévitique à une affection qui peut toucher les hommes, les vêtements et les maisons, et le terme employé en hébreu est toujours traduit (malgré de nombreuses contestations) par "lèpre". Une lecture de ce texte, enrichie des explications des principaux commentateurs et complétée par l'étude des textes fondamentaux législatifs que sont la Mishnah, le Midrash halakhique et le Talmud (de Jérusalem et de Babylone), permet de mieux mesurer l'importance accordée à cette affection sur le plan rituel.L'étude des personnages que la Bible présente comme frappés par la lèpre et de ceux désignés par la littérature talmudique et midrashique permet de mieux comprendre les différentes explications que donnent les Rabbins de l'Antiquité sur les causes de la lèpre, considérée souvent comme la punition divine de la médisance et jamais comme une maladie.L'impureté causée à la lèpre nécessitera, en cas de "guérison", une purification dont le processus rituel est bien précisé, qu'il s'agisse de l'homme, d'un vêtement ou d'une maison.Une interrogation demeure : pourquoi avoir accordé autant d'importance à une affection aussi bénigne et passagère et infligé à son porteur la sanction terrible qu'est l'exclusion de la communautéDuring almost two thousand years, the historians hawked about a tale : the Jews were evicted from Egypt because they were affected by leprosy. The study of the Hansen's disease (present name of the leprosy) and the different researches, historical (on the texts of Antiquity's historians) and archaeological allow to object to some of written works and to proof that tale, who was carried on until half of 20th century, was wrong.However, the Hebraic Bible dedicate two chapters of the Leviticus to a disorder who can affect the human beings, the clothes and the houses, and the word used in Hebrew is always translated (against many contesting) by "leprosy". A reading of this text, improved by the explanations of the main commentators and completed by the study of the essential legislative texts as Mishnah, halakhic Midrash and (Jérusalem and Babylonian) Talmud, allow to know better the significance given to that disorder on the ritual subject.The study of characters that the Bible describe as affected by leprosy and of those elected by the talmudic and midrashic literature allow to understand the different explanations given by the Antiquity's Rabbis on the leprosy's origin, often deemed as the divine punishment of gossip and never as a disease.The impurity caused by leprosy will require, in case of "recovery", a purification witch process is quite clear, for human beings, clothes or houses.A question persist : why to give so much importance to a disorder so mild and temporary and impose to the carrier the terrible punishment, the expulsion of the community
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Perez, Manuel Hernandez. "IS1110 : a highly mobile insertion sequence from Mycobacterium avium." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842785/.
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A new mobile insertion sequence designated IS1110 was detected in the strain LR541 of Mycobacterium avium due to an observed increase of the size of the plasmid pLR20. Genomic libraries of M. avium containing the original plasmid pLR20 and the modified plasmid pLR20' were constructed using the phage gammagt10 as the vector. In order to characterize the insertion sequence as well as the region of inserted DNA, the sequence of the relevant clones was determined. IS1110 is a 1457 bp element lacking terminal inverted repeats and it is related to other insertion sequences such as IS900 (M.paratuberculosis), IS901, IS902 (M.avium) and IS116 (Streptomyces clavuligerus). Several copies of IS1110 are present in the strain LR541. Individual colonies derived from the same plate show significant differences in the banding pattern obtained by hybridization techniques (Southern blot) using a partial fragment of IS1110 as probe generated by PCR technique (Polymerase Chain Reaction) which implies an unusually high degree of mobility. Initially, analysis of clinical, veterinary and environmental isolates of M.avium from different sources showed that the sequences hybridizing to IS1110 were present in only a small number of M.avium strains. However, prolonged exposure of Southern blots disclosed the presence of another insertion sequence partly related to IS1110. Furthermore, the banding patterns obtained exhibited extensive polymorphism, even between strains that had identical RFLP patterns with the pMB22 probe. These results, indicating the potential usefulness of IS1110 as an epidemiological tool led to the investigation of the occurrence and distribution of IS1110 in a larger number of M.avium strains and establishment of the extent of the polymorphism seen with IS1110 by RFLP analysis. Using a full length IS1110 probe, an important number of M.avium strains including those obtained from AIDS and non-AIDS patients hybridized to IS1110 and exhibited an extensive polymorphism. Most banding patterns were unique and seven small groups of identical strains were identified. One of these types was found to be particularly prevalent in non-AIDS subjects, and was associated with colonisation rather than dissemination or invasion. These results showed that IS1110 can be an useful tool for identification of cases of hospital cross-infection. Besides, stability of the banding patterns obtained was confirmed by repeated subculture of M.avium strains which is essential for the validity and usefulness of IS1110 as an epidemiological tool.
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Weir, Rosemary Edith. "Field studies of the human cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterium leprae using a whole blood assay." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264192.
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Adeleye, Tolulope Abiodun. "A molecular analysis of the immunological response to mycobacterial antigens." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304066.
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Heijnders, Maria Louisa. "Understanding adherence in leprosy : experiencing and making sense of leprosy and its treatment in its social context : a qualitative study conducted in the eastern Terai region of Nepal." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618671.
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Nuorala, Emilia. "Molecular palaeopathology : ancient DNA analyses of the bacterial diseases tuberculosis and leprosy /." Stockholm : Archaeological Research Laboratory [Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-231.
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Jamieson, S. E. "The genetics of susceptibility to tuberculosis and leprosy in a Brazilian population." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605053.
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The region of conserved synteny on mouse chromosome 11/human 17q11.2-q22 has been identified as carrying susceptibility genes for intramacrophage pathogens. This region contains numerous candidate genes including, NOS2A encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase, the β-chemokine gene cluster (including CLL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES), CCR7 encoding the receptor for CCL19/CCL21, and genes for signal transducers and activators of transcription STAT3 and STAT5A/5B. To determine the role of this region in susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, 92 multicase tuberculosis (627 individuals) and 72 multicase leprosy (372 individuals) families from North-Eastern Brazil have been investigated using 15 polymorphic mirosatellites and 49 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Multipoint non-parametric analysis of the microsatellite markers in ALLEGRO showed suggestive evidence for linkage with two peaks for leprosy at D17S250 (Zlr score 2.34; p=0.01) and D17S1795 (Zlr score 2.67; p=0.004) and a single peak for tuberculosis at D17S250 (Zlr 2.05; p=0.02). Combined analysis for a general mycobacterial susceptibility gene provided significant evidence for linkage with a peak Zlr (3.38) at D17S250, equivalent to an allele sharing LOD score of 2.48 (p=0.0004). To determine whether one or multiple genes are contributing to disease susceptibility, 49 informative SNPs were typed in all candidate genes. Family-based allelic association testing that was robust to family clustering confirms that polymorphisms at four loci, NOS2A, CCL18, CCL4 & STAT5B, or genes in linkage disequilibrium with them, are contributing to TB susceptibility in this population. Furthermore, results demonstrate that polymorphisms at CCL18 and STAT5B, or genes in linkage disequilibrium with them, may also be contributing to the tuberculoid form of leprosy. These results follow the trend that initial linkage peaks in complex traits such as infectious disease susceptibility result from clusters of functional genes/polymorphisms and identify 17q11.2-q21 as an existing candidate region for ongoing studies into mycobacterial disease susceptibility.
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Brightmer, Mary Irene. "The spatial pattern of leprosy in the Cross River region of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358948.
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Andersson, Anna Kristina. "The effect of prednisolone on cytokine expression in leprosy type 1 reactions." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424513.
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Brooks, Lucy Anna. "An investigation into the molecular genetics of cell wall biosynthesis in Mycobacterium leprae." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362368.
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Mahmud, Roziahanim. "The chemical and biochemical basis of dapsone toxicity." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307617.
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Ferreira, Emerson Ramalho. "A revacinaÃÃo com a bcg modula a produÃÃo de citocinas frente a antÃgenos do Mycobacterium leprae, em contatos menores de 15 anos de pacientes com hansenÃase." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7317.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEstudos em diferentes populaÃÃes tÃm mostrado que a vacinaÃÃo com a BCG concede proteÃÃo parcial contra a hansenÃase. Entretanto, a necessidade da revacinaÃÃo e seu impacto na resposta imune contra antÃgenos do Mycobacterium leprae à pouco compreendida, principalmente nas crianÃas que sÃo contatos destes pacientes com hansenÃase, e constituem uma populaÃÃo de risco para o adoecimento. Neste estudo, investigamos o papel da revacinaÃÃo com a BCG na modulaÃÃo da resposta imune em contatos menores de quinze anos de pacientes com hansenÃase. Amostras de sangue perifÃrico de vinte e cinco crianÃas, vacinadas com a BCG ao nascer, foram coletas antes e dois meses apÃs a revacinaÃÃo com a BCG. Suas cÃlulas mononucleares (PBMC) foram estimuladas com proteÃnas e peptÃdeos do M. leprae, dosando-se as quantidades de IFN-γ e IL-10 por ELISA. Anteriormente a revacinaÃÃo, foram coletas amostras para dosagem de IgM e IgG anti-PGL-1 e realizado o teste tuberculÃnico (PPD) para avaliaÃÃo da eficÃcia vacinal apÃs a revacinaÃÃo. Identificamos o potencial papel da BCG em estimular a produÃÃo de IFN-γ e/ou IL-10 dependendo do antÃgeno e da idade do contato, sem relaÃÃo com o PPD e sorologia anti-PGL-1. Estes resultados sugerem que a BCG modula a resposta imune dos contatos frente aos antÃgenos do M. leprae, com o frequente aumento nos nÃveis de IFN-γ, frente ao MLT, nas crianÃas com idade entre 1 a 4 anos (4.203 + 539,2 pg/mL prÃ-BCG x 9.141 + 860,9 pg/mL pÃs-BCG, p=0,001). Jà os contatos entre 5 a 9 anos mostram aumento na produÃÃo de IL-10 (210 +39,4 pg/mL prÃ-BCG x 680 + 76,74 pg/mL pÃs-BCG, p=0,001) e IFN-γ (4.912 + 1.065 pg/mL x 9.249 + 1.171 pg/mL, p=0,024). Estes achados sÃo acompanhados com o aumento dos casos de hansenÃase em crianÃas entre 5 a 9 anos na comunidade. Entretanto, nos contatos entre 10 a 15 anos a revacinaÃÃo falha em induzir o aumento de IFN-γ e IL-10. Os contatos de MB produziram, simultaneamente, altos nÃveis de IFN-γ e IL-10 em resposta ao MLT, enquanto que os contatos de PB somente produziram altos nÃveis de IFN-γ apÃs a revacinaÃÃo. A produÃÃo de IFN-γ e IL-10 frente aos peptÃdeos sintÃticos p38 e p69 indica que estes antÃgenos podem ser possÃveis marcadores de infecÃÃo. Assim, a BCG pode ser protetora, sendo eficiente em induzir o aumento da resposta por IFN-γ nestes contatos, frente aos antÃgenos do M. leprae.
Studies in different populations have shown that vaccination with BCG provides partial protection against leprosy. However, need of boost BCG vaccination and your impact in response immune against antigens of Mycobacterium leprae is poorly understood, mainly in children who are contacts of these patients with leprosy, and constitute population of risk for illness. This study, we investigated the paper a second dose of BCG given to contacts of leprosy patients under the age of fifteen years in modulate the response imune. Blood samples of twenty five children, who received a first dose of BCG at birth, were collected immediately before and two months after BCG revaccination. Your peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by proteins and peptides of M. leprae, were measured IFN-γ and IL-10 by an ELISA assay. Before revaccination the serum anti-PGL1 IgG and IgM isotypes were measured by ELISA assays performed with native PGL1- coated microplates, and PPD-skin reaction was measured 2 to 3 months after revaccination. The study was approved by the local Ethic Committee, number 006-08, May 7th, 2008. BCG revaccination can induces IFN-gamma and/or IL-10 production related to antigen and age, but did not correlated with PPD-skin reaction or anti-PGL1 levels. The PBMCâs production of IFN-gamma against MLT (total M. leprae antigen) after BCG was higher on children under 4 years old (N= 8, 4203,0 Â 539,2 pg/mL before BCG x 9141,0 Â 860,9 pg/mL after BCG, p=0,015, Mann-Whitneyâs test). Children between 5 and 9 years old showed an increase either of IFN-gama levels (N=11, 4912 Â 1065 pg/mL x 9249,0 Â 1171 pg/mL, p=0,024, Mann-Whitneyâs test) or IL-10 levels (N=11, 210,6 Â 39,4 pg/mL x 680,3 Â 76,74 pg/mL, p=0, 0,001, Mann-Whitneyâs test). However children between 10 and 15 years old failed to increase the cytokines levels after BCG booster. Contacts of multibacillary patients produced higher IFN-gamma levels (N= 13, 4536,0 Â 543,1 pg/mL x 9263,0 Â 989,0 pg/mL, p=0,0012, Mann-Whitneyâs test) and IL-10 levels (N= 13, 235,9 Â 46,5 pg/mL x 743,5 Â 87,8, p=0,0012, Mann-Whitneyâs test) against MLT after BCG, but only IFN-gamma levels (N=12, 4975,0 Â 995,8 pg/mL x 8126,0 Â 788,6, p=0,0342, Mann-Whitneyâs test) increased after BCG on contacts of paucibacillary patients. The production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 against two synthetic peptides (p38 and p67), before and after BCG vaccine, were similar as seen with MLT antigen, but the absence of cytokine production against p69 help to identify this peptide as a effective diagnostic marker.
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Carloni, Maria Emília Oliveira Gomes. "Aspectos sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos dos casos de hanseníase em uma área endêmica : conhecimentos e experiências de cirurgiões-dentistas /." Araçatuba, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134290.
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Orientador: Ronald Jefferson MartinsCoorientadora: Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz
Banca: Tânia Adas Saliba Rovida
Banca: Roosevelt da Silva Bastos
Resumo: A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, que acomete preferencialmente pele e nervos periféricos, com um grande potencial para desenvolver incapacidades físicas. A redução da transmissibilidade e do número de doentes com lesões incapacitantes depende do incremento do diagnóstico precoce da doença. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as principais características epidemiológicas de indivíduos notificados com hanseníase, no período de 2013 a 2014, e o conhecimento e atuação do cirurgião-dentista no controle da endemia, no município de Cuiabá-MT. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, dividido em duas etapas, que incluem: análise de 434 Ficha Individual de Notificação/Investigação de Hanseniase, inquérito com 242 cirurgiões-dentistas (CD's) atuantes no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de Cuiabá, para analisar o conhecimento sobre a forma de contágio, características clínicas e tratamento; além das experiências em relação a suspeita diagnóstica e encaminhamento de casos. A análise de dados foi realizada através do Program Statistical Package for Social Sciense (SPSS) versão 21.0 e da análise bivariada utilizando o teste qui-quadrado e nível de significância de 5%. Do total de 434 Fichas de Investigação avaliadas a maior parte era do sexo feminino (52,5%), com idade acima de 60 anos (26,3%), pardos (48,4%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (32,7%). A forma clínica e classe operacional mais prevalentes foram dimorfa e multibacilar esta última mais frequente no sexo feminino. Quanto ao estudo dos CD's os resultados mostraram a predominância do sexo feminino (65,7%), idade entre 30 e 39 anos (43%) e profissionais com 6 a 10 anos de formados (23,6%). No tocante ao tempo de trabalho no SUS, o maior percentual (28,1%) apresentava...
Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, with great potential to develop physical disabilities. Reducing the transmission and the number of patients with disabling injuries depends on the increase in early diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to know the main epidemiological characteristics of individuals with leprosy reported in the period 2013-2014, and the knowledge and performance of the dentist in leprosy control in the city of Cuiaba-MT. It is an epidemiological study, divided into two steps, which include: analysis of 434 Individual Forms of Leprosy Notification/Investigation, and survey of 242 dentists (CDs) working at the Unified Health System (SUS) in Cuiabá, to analyze their knowledge about the ways of transmission, clinical features and treatment, besides analyzing their experiences in relation to diagnostic suspicion and referral of cases. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package Program for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0, and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and 5% significance level. Of the total of 434 Investigation forms analyzed, the majority of the patients were female (52.5%), aged over 60 (26.3%), of mixed race (48.4%), with incomplete primary education (32.7%). The most prevalent clinical form and operating class were borderline and multibacillary, the latter more frequent in females. As for the study of CDs, the results showed a predominance of females (65.7%), aged between 30 and 39 years old (43%) and professionals graduated 6-10 years earlier (23.6%). With regard to time working at SUS, the highest percentage (28.1%) had worked for over 10 years. Regarding knowledge about the disease, 30.6% did not know the effectiveness of the treatment of leprosy, 47% were unaware that the disease...
Mestre
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Caulfield, Tanya. ""It is like you have leprosy" : representations of single women in Delhi, India /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19329.pdf.
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Marlowe, Sharon Nalini Singh. "Azathioprine and cyclosporin A as second line treatments for severe leprosy type reactions." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424945.
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Black, G. F. "An immunogenetic study of susceptibility to leprosy and tuberculosis in a Brazilian population." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596677.
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Human 5q23-32 contains a cluster of genes (IL3/4/5/9) for interleukins commonly associated with disease exacerbatory T helper 2 immune responses in mycobacterial infections. Human 17q11.2-q12 contains the gene (NOS2A) encoding macrophage-expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which generates toxic nitric oxide for antimicrobial activity, and an array of genes (SCYA1/2/5) encoding small inducible chemokines which act as monocyte chemoattractants and are involved in inflammatory responses. To study the role of these two regions in human disease susceptibility, DNA from a series of 40 multicase leprosy (220 individuals) and 48 multicase TB (402 individuals) families were genotyped for microsatellite, variable number tandem repeat, or restriction fragment length polymorphisms within or adjacent to the candidate gene regions. In addition to clinical disease phenotypes, results of immunological assays (T cell proliferation and interferon-γ cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens) were used to ascertain responder/nonresponder phenotypes for genetic analysis. A sub-set of families were also examined to ascertain whether polymorphism at the IL-4 locus influenced IL-4 production in response to non-specific stimulation. The results of this work show that in this Brazilian population genes in the region of 17q11.2-q12 may have some influence over the control of susceptibility to TB. Although there is no evidence that genes in the 5q23-q32 region are involved in susceptibility to TB or leprosy per se, results indicate that this region may play a role in controlling both T-cell proliferative and IFN-γ production responses to antigenic stimulation. Results also demonstrate a possible association between a homozygous IL-4 genotype and low IL-4 production.
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Fuller, Gary Stephen. "The Virgin's Kiss: Gender, Leprosy, and Romance in the Life of St. Frideswide." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3234.
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The longer thirteenth-century Middle English verse life of Saint Frideswide found in the collection of saints' lives known as the South English Legendary (SEL) narrates an event unique to medieval hagiography. In the poem, a leper asks the virgin saint to kiss him with her "sweet mouth," which she does in spite of her feelings of considerable shame, and the leper is healed. The erotic nature of the leper's request, Frideswide's reluctance to grant it, and her shame throughout the incident represent a significant departure from the twelfth-century Latin texts on which the SEL version of the saint's life is based. In this paper, I provide a deeper critical analysis of the text than has previously been attempted, exploring the SEL version of the leper's healing from medieval perspectives on leprosy, gender, religious authority, and genre. By the thirteenth century, leprosy in hagiographic texts had come to symbolize the abject condition of Christ himself, and saints' lives invariably portrayed their protagonists as eager to embrace and kiss lepers as a means of serving Christ. Frideswide's shame and reluctance to kiss the leper greatly contrast with generic convention and cause her gender to emerge as a defining holy attribute inexplicably demanded by the leper's exigency. The SEL-poet's portrayal of Frideswide's gender as a vital component of her healing power is consistent with medieval conceptions of personhood, from which gender could not be separated. The poet crafts the scene of the leper's healing using conventions not only of hagiography but of romance as well; this hybridization of genres creates tension between sanctity and eroticism in the scene. The poet's depiction of the saint as simultaneously exceptional and human may have been a reaction against the contemporary ecclesiastical landscape, in which female authority and influence were limited. Moreover, the romantic language used by the poet to create tension also makes Frideswide's story more accessible to lay readers by transforming the relationship between supplicant and saint into an interaction between a courtly lover and his lady.
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Papadopoulou, S., and Jo Buckberry. "The relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and leprosy in two English medieval populations." University of Sheffield, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17508.
Full textAbstract:
YesIn palaeopathology, a well-established approach to malnutrition and ill-health is the study of metabolic conditions. Leprosy is a mycobacterial disease that is manifested on the bones, and is commonly studied in archaeological contexts. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining a normal immune system, and thus a metabolic insufficiency could have a major effect in the resistance of an individual to invading pathogens. It has been indicated by clinical studies that there is an increase in the risk of contracting tuberculosis for individuals with Vitamin D deficiency, and like TB, leprosy is a disease of the poor, and it is more severe in individuals with low resistance to the pathogen. The project investigated the immunological aspect of leprosy by investigating the comorbidity of Vitamin D deficiency and the disease. During the study, the prevalence rates of Vitamin D deficiency (residual rickets and osteomalacia) were compared for adults in two medieval populations: adults with skeletal evidence of lepromatous leprosy from the leprosarium of St James and Mary Magdalene in Chichester (n=62) and adults from the non-leprous population found in Box Lane, Pontefract (n=52), both in England. Macroscopic analysis identified only one probable case of residual rickets and two possible cases of osteomalacia, providing no statistical significance in the relationship between the conditions. The present article focuses on these results, aiming to underline the reasons behind negative results in research, caused either by failed methodology or the insufficient collection of samples.
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CARVALHO, Rosely de Brito Pereira. "Aspectos Psicossociais de pacientes portadores de reações hansênicas no Município de Buriticupu, Estado do Maranhão." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/1976.
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This paper studied the psychosocial effects in patients who developed leprosy reaction in Buriticupu’s municipality, State of Maranhão, seeking to ascertain how these aspects affect social interrelationships, the daily life, the process of illness and cure of patients, identifying values and beliefs that may be related in the work. This paper is built based on the testimonies of patients, through semi-structured interviews. The participants were 15 patients with leprosy reaction during or after treatment of leprosy in the period from 2004-2012. The research revealed that the trajectory of these patients was a difficult experience that transformed their lives, their social and affective relationships. It was apparent in speeches prejudice and discriminatory practices, configuring itself as stigma legitimation.
No presente trabalho foram estudadas as repercussões psicossociais nos pacientes que desenvolveram reação hansênica no município de Buriticupu, Estado do Maranhão, buscando verificar como tais aspectos afetam as inter-relações sociais, a vida diária, o processo de adoecimento e cura dos pacientes, identificando valores e crenças que possam estar imbricados no trabalho. Esse trabalho se construiu baseado nos testemunhos dos pacientes, através de entrevistas semi estruturadas. Participaram 15 pacientes que apresentaram reação hansênica durante ou após o tratamento da hanseníase, no período de 2004 a 2012. A pesquisa revelou que a trajetória desses pacientes foi uma experiência difícil que transformou suas vidas, suas relações sociais e afetivas. Ficou evidenciado nos discursos, preconceito e práticas discriminatórias, configurando-se como exacerbação do estigma.