Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Les systèmes complexes adaptatifs'
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Chamaillard, Yann. "Modélisation et identification de systèmes complexes : application à des véhicules routiers en vue de l'étude d'un nouveau système de freinage." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0437.
Full textTouati, Youcef. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes complexes selon une approche orientée agents neuros-flous." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120027.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with adaptive control of complex robotics systems and treats, particularly, the problem of force control. The complex modeling of such systems along with the large number of control parameters, limit the application field of a conventional approaches and lead us to prospect new control approaches such as Neural Networks (NN) and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS). Although, NN often gives good simulation or experimentation results, however, this approach requires an input/output reference set and suffers from the absence of interpretability of system dynamics behavior. At the opposite to NN, the FIS approach permits, on one hand, to exploit the available knowledge without requiring an analytical model, which is difficult to obtain, and on the other hand, to translate the dynamics behavior into an expert valuation rules expressed in a simple language. In this framework, two contributions are presented. The first one consists in proposing a FIS conception methodology for identification and control. The second one consists in the generation and optimization of fuzzy controllers using clustering method based on an inclusion concept. This concept permits to build a knowledge base exhibiting a reasonable size and legible and interpretable rules, without loss of accuracy. The proposed approach has been validated in simulation on 2-DOF planar robot executing a following contour task according to an adaptive external force control. The efficiency of the proposed approach has been proved from time and error convergence point of view
Moui, Audrey. "Un cadriciel pour une surveillance adaptative de réseaux et systèmes complexes." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2027/.
Full textThe objective of the work reported in this thesis is to propose a software framework able to support the automation of a monitoring activity adaptation. Such an adaptation results in a modification of the way to monitor. Consequently, it is required to define a control plane able to manage the set of the underlying monitoring mechanisms. With the concern to propose a solution both the most generic, modular and reusable as possible, we have identified three properties from which has been designed the architecture of the proposed framework : configurability is the ability to initiate and then to modify at runtime without disruption both the scope and the parameters that govern the behavior of the monitoring mechanisms (for example polling or event reporting), adaptability is the ability to dynamically modify the behavior of a complete monitoring activity, thus allowing the achievement of an adaptation, governability is the ability to detect an adaptation requirement and to trigger the enforcement of the monitoring activity adaptation. Each of these three layers of the framework has been designed, implemented, tested and evaluated. Our approach, its models and their formalization are independent of any technological environment
Rouissi, Firas. "Contribution à l'analyse des propriétés d'observabilité et de diagnosticabilité des systèmes complexes. Application à une éolienne." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES032.
Full textPicard, Gauthier. "Méthodologie de développement de systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs et conception de logiciels à fonctionnalité émergente." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30199.
Full textEnvironments within which applications are embeded are growing in complexity and dynamicity and their functions become more and more difficult to define. Their specifications are often incomplete, even if their components are easily identifiable and specifiable. Without new design and modelling methods, managing such project will become too contraining, long and costly to cope with. We propose to use cooperative self-organising adaptative multi-agent systems to tackle these design problems and to specify the ADELFE methodology based on these emergence oriented principles and defined by a RUP-based process, UML/AUML-based notations and tools for supporting the notations and the process. This approach has been confronted to the development of experimental applications. Some results from a dynamic timetable solver, ETTO, and from a multi-robot transportation task are presented and analysed
Mefteh, Wafa. "Simulation based design for adaptive multi-agent systems with the ADELFE methodology." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3062/.
Full textSome complex systems are qualified by the heterogeneity and diversity of actors involved, the large mass of data, by the distribution of the manipulated information and also by the dynamic of the environments in which they are immersed. Modeling such complex systems requires the use of efficient techniques. In recent years, several research works are interested in the development of new techniques best suited to this kind of problems. The AMAS theory (Adaptive Multi-Agent System) was proposed to model complex systems. This theory has shown that for a system immersed in a dynamic environment, a system in cooperative interactions with its environment is functionally adequate. The ADELFE methodology was proposed to guide the AMAS designers through an approach based on the RUP (Rational Unified Process). However, the AMAS theory stipulates that the designer must find all Non Cooperative Situations that an agent may encounter or create. For each of these situations, it must give the actions to be performed to ensure the agent to come back and stay in a cooperative state with others and himself. Building such self-organizing systems is not an easy task. The objective of this thesis is to provide agents behaviours to self-design and validate these systems. The goal is to help the designer, to discharge him from the inherent difficulty in search of cooperative behaviour of agents and accelerate design time. For this, this thesis studied the contribution of simulation to design these systems. Simulation enables to improve and test the behaviour of an agent but also the behaviour of the collective. The objective is also to enrich the ADELFE methodology by engineering processes and tools to achieve the "living design" that integrates modelling, programming and simulation techniques
Ghnemat, Rawan. "Modélisation adaptative pour l'émergence spatiale dans les systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429162.
Full textBaguelin, Marc Joseph Matthieu. "Modélisation de systèmes complexes par métadynamiques : application à la modélisation de populations en coévolution." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-225.pdf.
Full textGeorgé, Jean-Pierre. "Résolution de problèmes par émergence : étude d'un environnement de programmation émergente." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30088.
Full textWe propose to realize an Emergent Programming Environment enabling the design of complex adaptive systems, based on emergence and multi-agent systems, so as to meet the future needs in computer science. The general aim is to realize a complete programming language in which each instruction is an autonomous agent trying to be constantly cooperative. By giving these instruction-agents self-organizing mechanisms, we obtain a system able to continuously adapt itself to the task required by the user. The work presented in this document shows the feasibility of this concept by specifying, and then putting to experimentation, a core dedicated to a subset of mathematical calculus. In parallel, this approach by emergence is generalized to any type of problem solving. We propose a discussion and a framework for problems manageable by self-organization
Zouari, Farouk [Verfasser]. "Sur la Commande Adaptative Neuronale de Systèmes Dynamiques Complexes / Farouk Zouari." München : GRIN Verlag, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1184038775/34.
Full textMakhloufi, Rafik. "Vers une gestion adaptative des réseaux complexes : cas de la surveillance décentralisée de données agrégées." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0006.
Full textAutonomous management infrastructures based on self-* functions currently offer a first degree of autonomy, but they are often based on non-adaptive approaches. Conversely, their target networks are dynamics in terms of, for example, size, mobility, services and usages. Thus, adapting self-management infrastructures to the supporting network operational behavior is essential in order to ensure their performance and minimize their cost. The work carried out in this thesis aims at de-signing an autonomous management infra-structure able to adapt itself to the operational context of the managed network. The management function we are interested in is the decentralized monitoring of aggregated information, which can be based on gossip, aggregation trees or situated view protocols. To achieve these objectives, we propose a de-centralized self-adaptive management frame-work, based on fuzzy inference and multiple criteria decision making. For this purpose, we surveyed the existing decentralized aggregation protocols, and then we benchmarked one typical protocol from each category. Based on the obtained results, the proposed approach continuously analyzes the network state in order to retrieve the properties of the current context, and then selects the best aggregation strategy to use accordingly. Thus, the selected strategy is the one that maximizes the performance of the aggregation and minimizes its cost. The multiple criteria validation of the pro-posed approach through simulation shows that this one provides a good performance with an acceptable cost
Mahdjoub, Jason. "Vers un système de vision auto-adaptatif à base de systèmes multi-agents." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937422.
Full textCharrier, Rodolphe. "L'intelligence en essaim sous l'angle des systèmes complexes : étude d'un système multi-agent réactif à base d'itérations logistiques couplées." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442841.
Full textTraoré, Moussa Amadou. "Supervision adaptative et pronostic de défaillance pour la maintenance prévisionnelle de systèmes évolutifs complexes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10146/document.
Full textAn effective predictive maintenance relies on the one hand, on an accurate modeling of available expert knowledge (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis, Fault Tree, etc) and on the other hand, on monitoring tools that are sensitive to changes in the process under consideration. The performance of the monitoring tools consists not only in their ability to estimate and analyze the process state in real-time, but also in their capability to predict the future states. On this basis, indicators derived from the probabilistic prediction of failure occurrences can be exploited for the efficient planning of maintenance actions. Based on the predefined expert knowledge, we propose an approach of supervision based on a pattern recognition technique, the AUDyC algorithm (Auto-adaptive and Dynamical Clustering), which is particularly suitable for dynamic and complex systems monitoring. The proposed supervision approach allows us to (i) monitor the operational status of the system in real-time, with a minimum prior physical knowledge, (ii) detect and diagnose any change in the system behavior, even if the system evolves to a previously unknown state, (iii) update the basis of knowledge about the system by integrating new features into it. In order to provide in real-time an estimate of the future state of the system, a prognosis technique is coupled with the above mentioned supervision unit. This makes it possible to compute, with a certain reliability, the probability that a failure occurs at a given future time. Finally, the whole architecture for both supervision and prognosis is applied for the predictive maintenance of a real thermoregulation system
Boes, Jérémy. "Apprentissage du contrôle de systèmes complexes par l'auto-organisation coopérative d'un système multi-agent : application à la calibration de moteurs à combustion." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2287/.
Full textControlling a system means applying the adequate modifications on its inputs in order to put him in a desired state. Usual methods rely on mathematical models of the controlled system to compute the actions. These methods find their limits when the controlled system is complex, for instance, those with non-linear dynamics or subject to noise. Building a model of such systems is a difficult task that may take several years. On one hand, avoiding the use of a model requires a controller able to learn. On the other hand, the distribution of the control, i. E. Assigning the control of each input to a local controller, enables the control to deal with the complexity of a system. Thus, Multi-Agent Systems (MASs), which are naturally distributed, are a good alternative. In particular, Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems (AMASs) rely on the self-organization of the agents to enable the emergence of an adequate global function. This self-organization is driven by cooperation principles. Applied to the problem of learning the control, this approach leads to the definition of a specific AMAS, presented in this thesis. Experimentations, lead on a real heat engine, show the ability of the AMAS to control several inputs with several control criteria, while being robust to perturbations and easy to instantiate
Mc, Ewen Laurel. "An anthropological analysis of the relationship between conventional and complementary medicine in contemporary France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0002.
Full textThis thesis explores the paradoxical relationship between conventional and complementary medicine in contemporary France; a country in which a multitude of complementary practices are flourishing despite the presence of an institutionalized hostility against these unsanctioned forms of medical practice and the overall lack of national legislation for their regulation. To do so, it uses an ethnographic approach that is based on three and a half years of participant observation and semi-directed, open-ended interviews conducted with practitioners, users, administrators, lobbies, organizations, and educators on both sides of the conventional-complementary relationship. The analysis is framed using a complex adaptive systems approach and globalization theory, with an emphasis on the interrelationship between and co-evolution of science, medicine, and society. Representations of health, illness, well-being, and the art of healing are considered through the analysis of rhetoric collected from both sides of the conventional-complementary relationship; as are the stigmas, stereotypes, and fears that characterize the perceptions of both sides. Multiple case studies are presented evidencing the integration of complementary practices in both private hospitals and public university-hospitals in contemporary France, as are case studies drawn from participant observation. Together these cases provide a nuanced notion of the “acceptance” of a complementary practice in French society and the patterns emerging from individual efforts to integrate complementary medicine in mainstream French society. These dynamics are considered within the context of globalized public health trends that are creating a “place” for complementary medicine and in terms of the current backlash against complementary medicine in French society. This thesis concludes with some reflections on the potential for the continuing growth and integration of complementary medicine in contemporary France, despite the negative representations associated with it and the enduring political unwillingness to create legislation regulating it
Hermosillo, Gabriel. "Towards Creating Context-Aware Dynamically-Adaptable Business Processes Using Complex Event Processing." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709303.
Full textNisula, Jari M. "A risk management framework for a complex adaptive transport system." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30041.
Full textOver the last ten-fifteen years, science has made significant advances in fields relevant for risk management. However, current risk management practices in industry have not yet benefitted from these developments. The research question addressed in this dissertation is: What kind of risk management framework should be used for managing transport risks when the modern risk perspectives and the latest understanding of safety are embraced, and the transport system is considered a complex adaptive system? The focus of this research is on transport risks, taking the perspective of a national transport safety agency, tasked with overseeing safety across several modes of transport, including aviation, maritime, railway and road safety. The scientific literature on risk and risk assessment, safety and safety management, as well as complex adaptive systems are reviewed. The research illustrates that a modern risk perspective recognizes the importance of uncertainty and strength of knowledge in risk analysis, as well as the role of surprises. The transport system is identified as a complex adaptive system, characterized by a high number of interactions, emergence, multiple feedback loops, nonlinear phenomena, unpredictability and counter-intuitiveness. The recommended ways to interact with such complex systems and to try to achieve positive change are explained. Concepts related to safety management are also investigated, especially the concept of resilience, which is interpreted as graceful extensibility of teams or organizations, or as sustained adaptability. Evidence of existing risk management frameworks in both the industry and scientific literature is outlined and reference is made to the international ISO 31000 standard for risk management. Based on the literature review, a set of criteria for a modern risk management process is developed. A risk management framework for managing transport risks which embraces modern risk perspectives and accounts for the transport system as a complex adaptive system is proposed. It enables risks in all transport modes to be presented in a single risk picture and supports decision-making to maximize the safety impact achievable with limited resources. The impact is further enhanced by intervention strategies such as adaptive policies and experimentation, which are well-suited to complex systems. The framework is validated against the criteria developed, and by comparison to existing methods. A case study presents the on-going implementation of the developed risk management framework at the Finnish Transport Safety Agency. Both the proposed risk management framework and the dissertation are structured according to the ISO 31000 framework
Welcomme, Jean-Baptiste. "MASCODE : un système multi-agent adaptatif pour concevoir des produits complexes. Application à la conception préliminaire avion." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446144.
Full textDruelle, Johan. "Le virus de la rougeole, un système complexe : adaptation, atténuation et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294057.
Full textL'analyse génétique d'une souche sauvage, G954-PBL, et d'une souche adaptée par 13 passages en cellules Vero, G954-V13, a mis en évidence uniquement 5 substitutions d'acides aminés. Ces mutations ont affecté la athogénicité de la souche qui est devenue atténuée dans un modèle de souris transgéniques pour l'un des récepteurs du VR. L'adaptation à un contexte cellulaire au cours de la propagation limite la croissance d'une souche dans un autre environnement, sauf dans le cas des souches vaccinales, robustes. Contrairement au dogme établi, les IFN de type I ne semblent pas jouer un rôle majeur dans cette atténuation.
En parallèle, nous avons développé deux approches mathématiques du cycle viral permettant de mieux interpréter les interrelations virus/cellule. A l'échelle moléculaire, nous proposons plusieurs hypothèses du fonctionnement de la polymérase virale, permettant d'établir le gradient d'ARNm critique pour le développement du virus. Dans une optique multi-échelle, nous avons également modélisé l'ensemble du cycle infectieux du VR. Ces travaux constituent les bases d'une approche inédite de la pathogénie de ce virus.
A travers plusieurs approches expérimentales, ces travaux mettent en avant l'aspect complexe du virus de la rougeole et permettent d'envisager de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques.
Néron, Alex. "Développement d'une plateforme de calcul d'équilibres chimiques complexes et adaptation aux problèmes électrochimiques et d'équilibres contraints." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5502.
Full textSpiesser, Christophe. "Méthode de simulation appropriée aux systèmes complexes : preuve de concept auto-adaptative et auto-apprenante appliquée aux transferts thermiques." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EMAC0005/document.
Full textAs computing power increases, engineers and designers tackle increasingly complex problems using simulation (multiphysics, multiscale, intricated geometries ...). In this context, discretization-based quadratures (FDM, FEM, FVM) show their limit: the need of a great number of sub-domains which induces prohibitive consumption of RAM and CPU power. The Monte Carlo method appears to be more appropriate, but the difficulty to build probabilistic models of complex systems forms a bottleneck. A systemic approach is proposed to alleviate it and is implemented to create a proof-of-concept dedicated to the coupled heat transfer simulation. After a successful validation step against analytical solutions, this tool is applied to illustrative cases (emulating heat transfer in buildings and in solar heating systems) in order to study its simulation capabilities.This approach presents a major beneficial behavior for complex systems simulation: the computation time only depends on the influential parts of the problem. These parts are automatically identified, even in intricate or extensive geometries, which makes the simulation self-adaptive. In addition, the computational performance and the system scale ratio are completely uncorrelated. Consequently, this approach shows an exceptional capacity to tackle multiphysics and multiscale problems. Each temperature is estimated using exploration paths. By statistically analyzing these paths during the process, the tool is able to generate a reduced predictive model of this physical quantity, which is bringing a self-learning capacity to the simulation. Its use can significantly improve optimization and control of processes, or simplify inverse measurements. Furthermore, based on this model, an uncertainty propagation analysis has been performed. It quantifies the effect of uncertainties affecting boundary conditions on the temperature. Finally a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) process, based on simulations done by the framework, is successfully carried out
Lopes, Neto Gilson Ramos. "Prótese vocálica em sequência sC inicial por falantes brasileiros de francês L2." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2018. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/4069.
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O presente trabalho investigou como o fenômeno protético se manifesta no francês como língua não nativa, i. e. adicional (LA/L2/LE) por brasileiros falantes nativos do português brasileiro (PB) como única língua materna (L1). A prótese vocálica, observada no percurso histórico de diversas línguas, dentre elas o português, caracteriza-se pela inserção de vogal não etimológica em início de palavra (DUBOIS et al., 2002; VIARO, 2004). Estudos do inglês LA/L2/LE apontam que falantes PB-L1 realizam prótese quando se deparam com a sequência de sibilante com consoante em início de palavra (#sC), incomum no PB. A presente investigação foi realizada à luz dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos (SAC) (LARSEN-FREEMAN, 1997; DE BOT ET AL., 2007; LARSENFREEMAN E CAMERON, 2008; ELLIS E LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2009). Genebra (Suíça) foi o locus da pesquisa e, para proceder à análise, 9 brasileiras (24-37 anos) compuseram o grupo experimental. Todas residem na cidade, são falantes do PB como única L1 e estão matriculadas em curso de francês LA/L2/LE. A pesquisa contou igualmente com um grupo-controle, composto por 2 genebrinas nativas falantes do francês como única L1 (22-57 anos). Usando pressupostos da Fonologia Gestual (BROWMAN e GOLDSTEIN, 1988, 1989, 1992; ALBANO, 1990, 2001), foram analisados acusticamente via freeware Praat os dados coletados a partir da leitura de frases-veículo realizada pelas informantes dos 2 grupos. Buscou-se averiguar o papel das seguintes variáveis linguísticas e “extralinguísticas” na produção protética do grupo experimental: contextos precedente e seguinte à sibilante, frequência de ocorrência, ordem de leitura, nível de proficiência e tempo de residência em Genebra. Os resultados mostram que 34.8% das leituras (451 de 1296 frases lidas) apresentam prótese cuja qualidade das vogais produzidas aponta formas híbridas: média-alta anterior, observado no PB, porém com arredondamento bilabial parcial, recorrente no francês. Os dados apresentam relevância estatística de p<0.001 nos quesitos contexto precedente, frequência de uso, tempo de residência, nível de proficiência, hábito linguístico diário; e p=0.047 na ordem de leitura. Os resultados apontam que 5 variáveis têm relevância na produtividade do fenômeno protético: (i) estudantes nível B1 segundo o Quadro Europeu, (ii) informantes com até 12 meses de residência em Genebra, (iii) palavras-alvo de média frequência de ocorrência, (iv) contexto precedente vozeado e (v) a 1a produção da leitura tríplice. Os resultados sugerem que o repertório fonológico das informantes parece não refletir fielmente a L1. Reitera-se, portanto, que fatores linguísticos e “extralinguísticos” atuam dinamicamente no desenvolvimento de LA/L2/LE, corroborando a imprevisibilidade e a não linearidade da linguagem postuladas pelo paradigma da complexidade.
This study investigated how the prosthetic phenomenon acts in French as a non native language, i. e. an additional language (AL/L2/FL) by Brazilian Portuguese speakers (BP) as the only mother tongue language (L1). The vowel prosthesis, observed in the historical course of several languages, among them Portuguese, is characterized by the insertion of a non-etymological vowel at the beginning of a word (DUBOIS et al., 2002; VIARO, 2004). Studies of English AL/L2/FL point out that BP-L1 speakers perform prosthesis when they encounter the sibilant with a consonant word-initial sequence (#sC), uncommon in BP. The present work is proceeded in the light of the Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) (LARSENFREEMAN, 1997; DE BOT et al., 2007; LARSEN-FREEMAN and CAMERON, 2008; ELLIS and LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2009). Geneva (Switzerland) was the locus of this research and, to carry out this analysis, 9 Brazilian women (aged 24-37) composed the experimental group. They are resident in the city, BP speakers as the only L1 and enrolled in a French LA/L2/LE course. The research counted on a control group as well, composed of 2 Geneva female citizens French only speakers as L1 (aged 22-57). Using assumptions of Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN and GOLDSTEIN, 1988, 1989, 1992; ALBANO, 1990, 2001), the collected data of the reading of carrier sentences done by the 2 group of participants was acoustically analyzed via Praat freeware. The role of the following linguistic and "extralinguistic" variables in the prosthetic production of the experimental group was investigated: preceding and following context of the sibilant, frequency of occurrence, reading order, lexical proficiency and length of residence in Geneva. The results show that 34.8% of the readings (451 over 1296 read sentences) has a prosthesis whose its quality shows hybrid forms: an anterior medium-high vowel, as observed in PB, but with some partial bilabial rounding, recurrent in French. The data presents a statistical significance of p<0.001 in the previous context, frequency of use, length of residence, level of proficiency, daily linguistic habit; and p=0.047 in the reading order variable. The results indicate that 5 variables have relevance in the productivity of prosthetic phenomena: (i) level B1 of European Framework of Languages students, (ii) informants with up to 12 months of residence in Geneva, (iii) medium-frequency target words, (iv) voiced precedent context and (v) the 1st production of the triple reading. The findings suggest that the informants' phonological repertory does not seem to accurately reflect L1. It is therefore reiterated that linguistic and "extralinguistic" agents act dynamically in the development of AL/L2/FL, corroborating the unpredictability and non-linearity of language postulated by the paradigm of complexity.
Cette étude a investigué comment le phénomène prothétique se produit en français langue non maternelle, i. e. additionnelle (LA/L2/LE) par des locuteurs natifs de portugais brésilien (PB) comme la seule langue maternelle (L1). Le phénomène prothétique, observé au cours historique de plusieurs langues dont le portugais, il se caractérise par l'insertion d’une voyelle non-étymologique au début de mot (DUBOIS et al., 2002; VIARO, 2004). Des recherches d’anglais LA/L2/LE montrent que des individus PB-L1 produisent la prothèse face à la séquence de sifflante avec consonne au début de mot (#sC), inhabituel en PB. Cette étude a été réalisée à la lumière des Systèmes Adaptatifs Complexes (SAC) (LARSENFREEMAN, 1997; DE BOT et al., 2007 ; LARSEN-FREEMAN et CAMERON, 2008; ELLIS et LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2009). Genève (Suisse) est le locus de la recherche et, pour procéder à l’analyse, 9 Brésiliennes (24-37 ans) ont composé le groupe expérimental. Étant toutes résidentes dans ladite ville, elles ont le PB comme seule L1 et sont inscrites à des cours de français LA/L2/LE. La présente recherche a également compté sur un groupe contrôle, composé de 2 Genevoises parlant le français comme unique L1 (22-57 ans). Se servant des préceptes théoriques de la Phonologie Gestuelle (BROWMAN et GOLDSTEIN, 1988, 1989, 1992 ; ALBANO, 1990, 2001), les données collectées à partir de la lecture de phrases-cadre par les participantes des 2 groupes ont été analysées par le freeware Praat. On a contrôlé le rôle des facteurs qui favorisaient la réalisation de la prothèse vocalique par le groupe expérimental sur le plan linguistique et « extralinguistique » comme suit : les contextes précédant et suivant à la sifflante, la fréquence d'occurrence, l’ordre de lecture, le niveau de français et le temps de résidence à Genève. Les résultats présentent que 34,8% des lectures (451 sur 1296 phrases-cible lues) disposent d’une voyelle prothétique, dont sa qualité est caractérisée par des formes hybrides : voyelle antérieure moyenne-haute, observée en PB, mais avec quelque arrondissement bilabiale, présent en français. Les données démontrent signification statistique de p<0.001 en ce qui concerne le contexte précédent, la fréquence d'utilisation, le temps de résidence, le niveau de français LA, la/les langue(s) utilisée(s) au quotidien; et p=0.047 pour l'ordre de lecture. Les résultats constatent que 5 variables semblent favoriser la productivité du phénomène prothétique: (i) les apprenantes niveau B1 selon le Cadre Européen, (ii) les participantes résidant à Genève depuis 12 mois ou moins, (iii) les mots-cible de moyenne fréquence d'usage en français, (iv) le contexte précédent voisé et (v) la 1ère production de la triple lecture. Cette recherche conclut que le répertoire phonologique des participantes semble ne plus correspondre exactement au PB-L1. Cette étude renforce le fait que les facteurs linguistiques et «extralinguistiques» agissent dynamiquement dans le processus de développement en LA/L2/LE, constatant, ainsi, l'imprévisibilité et la nonlinéarité propres au langage d’après le paradigme de la complexité.
Beltaief, Slim. "Algorithmes optimaux de traitement de données pour des systèmes complexes d'information et télécommunication dans un environnement incertain." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR056/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the problem of non parametric estimation for continuous-time regression models. We consider the problem of estimating an unknown periodoc function S. This estimation is based on observations generated by a stochastic process; these observations may be in continuous or discrete time. To this end, we construct a series of estimators by projection and thus we approximate the unknown function S by a finite Fourier series. In this thesis we consider the estimation problem in the adaptive setting, i.e. in situation when the regularity of the fonction S is unknown. In this way, we develop a new adaptive method based on the model selection procedure proposed by Konev and Pergamenshchikov (2012). Firstly, this procedure give us a family of estimators, then we choose the best possible one by minimizing a cost function. We give also an oracle inequality for the risk of our estimators and we give the minimax convergence rate
Martinez, Martinez David. "Méthodologies et outils de synthèse pour des fonctions de filtrage chargées par des impédances complexes." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0025/document.
Full textThe problem of impedance matching in electronics and particularly in RF engineering consists on minimising the reflection of the power that is to be transmitted, by a generator, to a given load within a frequency band. The matching and filtering requirements in classical communication systems are usually satisfied by using a matching circuit followed by a filter. We propose here to design matching filters that integrate both, matching and filtering requirements, in a single device and thereby increase the overall efficiency and compactness of the system. In this work, the matching problem is formulated by introducing convex optimisation on the framework established by the matching theory of Fano and Youla. As a result, by means of modern non-linear semi-definite programming techniques, a convex problem, and therefore with guaranteed optimality, is achieved. Finally, to demonstrate the advantages provided by the developed theory beyond the synthesis of filters with frequency varying loads, we consider two practical applications which are recurrent in the design of communication devices. These applications are, on the one hand, the matching of an array of antennas with the objective of maximizing the radiation efficiency, and on the other hand the synthesis of multiplexers where each of the channel filters is matched to the rest of the device, including the filters corresponding to the other channels
Boussier, Jean-Marie. "Modélisation de comportements dans les systèmes dynamiques : Application à l'organisation et à la régulation de stationnement et de déplacement dans les Systèmes de Trafic Urbain." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411272.
Full textMeslmawy, Mahdi Abed Salman. "Efficient ressources management in a ditributed computer system, modeled as a dynamic complex system." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0007/document.
Full textGrids and clouds are types of currently widely known distributed computing systems or DCSs. DCSs are complex systems in the sense that their emergent global behavior results from decentralized interaction of its parts and is not guided directly from a central point. In our study, we present a complex system model that efficiently manages the ressources of a DCS. The entities of the DCS react to system instability and adjust their environmental condtions for optimizing system performance. The structure of the interaction networks that allow fast and reliable access to available resources is studied and improvements ar proposed
Sassi, Ahlem. "Observateurs adaptatifs pour les systèmes à retards." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0178/document.
Full textIn automatic control reaserch fields, an observer plays a key role in the control and supervision of processes or the detection of faults, given its ability to provide information on the values of unmeasured or unavailable states. In this context, this thesis deals with the estimation not only of the state but also of the estimation of the unknown parameters affecting the dynamics of the system simultaneously with the state vector. In particular, the problem is addressed for classes of nonlinear systems subject to constant and unknown delays. This problem represents a dual challenge, both on joint estimation of unknown state and parameters, as well as the presence of delays that affect the system dynamics. First, functional observers were developed for systems subject to time delays and involving state-input nonlinearities. The problem of robustness was studied, initially, when some finite energy perturbations occured in the system dynamics, which required the H∞ theory in order to attenuate its effects. In a second time, it is treated when parametric uncertainties affect the model parameters. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of observers have been given through the resolution of Sylvester's equations. This resolution made it possible to simplify the problem by setting the observer gains via a single gain to be determined. As the study of the observer's convergence returns to studying the stability of the estimation error, Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory dedicated to the stability of the delay systems was used based on the descriptor transformations. This study lead to sufficient conditions of a symptotic convergence, expressed in terms of LMI. Throughout the dissertation, the synthesis of observers was considered in full and reduced order cases. The developments were then extended to estimate the system states simultaneously with unknown parameters affecting its dynamics. Two approaches have been investigated through this memory: when the vector of the unknown parameters acts linearly with respect to the dynamics of the system and when the unknown parameters act nonlinearly with respect to this dynamics. The approach proposed in this work make it possible to simultaneously estimate the convergence of the state and unknown parameters, which made it possible to relax some constraints considered in the synthesis of adaptive observers in the literature. It concerns particularly the persistent excitation constraint considered in the second approach. Finally, the results obtained have been extended to the class of singular systems, which, in addition to the dynamic relations, involves algebraic relations in their description
Arrouf, Mhamed. "Optimisation multicritère appliquée aux systèmes mécaniques adaptatifs." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2007.
Full textThe aim of this work is to extend multi-criterion optimisation methods to active structure design, and particularly to the placement of sensors and actuators on a mechanical structure. Adaptive mechanical systems use LQG regulators (Linear Quadratic Gaussien). The main matrices are determined by minimisation of a quadratic criterion and under consideration of some constraints that are used during the iterative process (ex: the use of actuators at the maximum of their possibilities leads to iteratively modify the specific ratio of weight factors). We propose an original strategy for the optimisation of the regulator gain matrix by considering constraints on the actuator control and outputs. Since the problem is an optimisation under constraints, UZAWA algorithm was used to the search of saddle-point. The choice and placement of actuators and sensors are of course made according to the fixed objectives, but it is also leaded by taking into account simple ideas given by an expert system knowledge. Fuzzy logic approach was used to optimise actuators placement. This approach allows the consideration of knowledge given by expert as well as the easy introduction of additional expert rules. Finally, ways to the first sensor placement on the active structure are shown using energetic standards for perturbability and observability. This work was applied to the study of an aluminium panel
Faisal, Behadili Suhad. "Adaptative modeling of urban dynamics with mobile phone database." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0017/document.
Full textIn this study, we are interested in the study of urban mobility from traces of mobile data that were provided by the operator Orange. The data provided relate to the region of the city of Rouen, during an ephemeral event that is the Armada of 2008. In a first study, a large amount of data is managed to extract characteristics allowing to qualify the uses of the city during ephemeral events, depending on the days of activity of the individuals. Visualizations are given and make it possible to understand the mobilities generated in a specific way during the event. In the second part, we study the reconstruction of trajectories with aggregated approaches inspired by statistical physics techniques in order to reveal behaviors according to periods of activity and a spatial division in large urban areas. In order to obtain the general mobility law by observing distributions in power law characteristic for the studied complex system
Maatoug, Tarak. "Synthèse d'observateurs adaptatifs pour les systèmes non linéaires." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058802.
Full textGraja, Zaineb. "Vérification formelle des systèmes multi-agents auto-adaptatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30105/document.
Full textA major challenge for the development of self-organizing MAS is to guarantee the convergence of the system to the overall function expected by an external observer and to ensure that agents are able to adapt to changes. In the literature, several works were based on simulation and model-checking to study self-organizing MAS. The simulation allows designers to experiment various settings and create some heuristics to facilitate the system design. Model checking provides support to discover deadlocks and properties violations. However, to cope with the complexity of self-organizing MAS, the designer also needs techniques that support not only verification, but also the development process itself. Moreover, such techniques should support disciplined development and facilitate reasoning about various aspects of the system behavior at different levels of abstraction. In this thesis, three essential contributions were made in the field of formal development and verification of self-organizing MAS: a formalization with the Event-B language of self-organizing MAS key concepts into three levels of abstraction, an experimentation of a top-down refinement strategy for the development of self-organizing MAS and the definition of a bottom-up refinement process based on refinement patterns
Jacquiot, Cédric. "Modélisation logique et générique des systèmes d'hypermédias adaptatifs." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112269.
Full textAdaptive hypermedia systems can be split in two parts, as any knowledge-based systems: a static part, in charge of representing the data related to the application, and a dynamic part, in charge of computing the data. The existing data models are difficult to reuse, since they are either dedicated to a specific application, or very general, in which case they can rarely be specified to fit a domain in particular. The adaptation models are often limited to a rule language, which makes no distinction between the different kinds of data it deals with. This thesis describes generic data models, which allow the creation data models specific for a given domain. These models are provided as UML class diagrams, which can be specialized to provide specific models. This thesis also describes an adaptation model. This model is based on first order logic. It reuses the situation calculus, and introduces a rule language working altogether with the calculus. This rule language is made of different layers, which take into account the different kinds of data. It also allows the description of meta-adaptation, by selection of adaptation strategies. Finally, this thesis introduces the notion of semi-guidance, an intermediary between full guidance and free navigation. All the models described above have been used to provide an e-learning application
Rejeb, Lilia. "Simulation multi-agents des systèmes économiques : Vers des systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000263.pdf.
Full textTwo main economic theories were identified among the economic theories which appear after Simon work: organizational ecology and strategic management. They investigate independently the problems of selection (embodying the integration of organizational forms) and adaptation. Recent research orientations focused on unifying the two approaches. However, no research studied merged these two approaches considered so far as independent. This is most likely due to the complexity of economic systems. This thesis defines a complete economic model integrating firms and organisational forms using an approach based on adaptive multi-agent systems. We show that adaptive multi-agent systems are well suited for the adaptation and selection problem and that the adaptation is not simply a feature of agents but also present at the organizational forms level. The first part of the thesis shows the advantages of using adaptive agents in modelling firms while highlighting the problems caused by the use of learning techniques in a multi-agent context. The second part models organizational forms and their interaction with firms. It proves the existence of a loop where each variation in the organizational forms is interpreted by firms which accordingly adapt, and where the adaptation of firms generates variations at the form level
Saint-jean, Nicolas. "Etude et conception de systèmes multiprocesseurs auto-adaptatifs pour les systèmes embarqués." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20207.
Full textCerrada-Lozada, Mariela. "Sur les modèles flous adaptatifs dynamiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0021.
Full textThis work deals with the proposition of an adaptive fuzzy model with dynamical membership functions. The identification of the parameters of these membership functions is performed by a on-line reinforcement learning-based algorithm. This approach takes into account the system variables dynamic by incorporating the mean value and the variance, at time t, of the input and output variables of the fuzzy model into its membership functions. By this way, the fuzzy sets associated to the fuzzy variables, are relocated on the domain of discourse according to the sampled mean and variance values; thus, a disjointed partition of the fuzzy sets of the fuzzy model could be avoid. The dynamical property of the proposed fuzzy models is an asset in fuzzy control problems in case of time-varying nonlinear systems, for example. Classical examples related to the identification of time-varying nonlinear functions show the capabilities of the dynamical fuzzy models. An application to predictive control has been developed using the fuzzy model as one step ahead predictor and the reinforcement learning in the optimization problem of this type of control scheme. Finally, a discussion about the use of the information provided by the dynamical membership functions is presented in order to accomplish diagnosis and supervision tasks at upper levels
Turati, Pietro. "Méthodes de simulation adaptative pour l’évaluation des risques de système complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC032/document.
Full textRisk assessment is conditioned on the knowledge and information available at the moment of the analysis. Modeling and simulation are ways to explore and understand system behavior, for identifying critical scenarios and avoiding surprises. A number of simulations of the model are run with different initial and operational conditions to identify scenarios leading to critical consequences and to estimate their probabilities of occurrence. For complex systems, the simulation models can be: i) high-dimensional; ii) black-box; iii) dynamic; and iv) computationally expensive to run, preventing the analyst from running the simulations for the multiple conditions that need to be considered.The present thesis presents advanced frameworks of simulation-based risk assessment. The methods developed within the frameworks are attentive to limit the computational cost required by the analysis, in order to keep them scalable to complex systems. In particular, all methods proposed share the powerful idea of automatically focusing and adaptively driving the simulations towards those conditions that are of interest for the analysis, i.e., for risk-oriented information.The advantages of the proposed methods have been shown with respect to different applications including, among others, a gas transmission subnetwork, a power network and the Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED)
Hamada, Abdelmalek. "Commande adaptative insensible à la complexité de la tension d'un groupe turbo-alternateur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL044N.
Full textDiracca, Charles. "Étude comparative de P. I. D. Numériques auto-ajustables : application à la commande d'un télépointeur." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4002.
Full textExcoffon, William. "Résilience des systèmes informatiques adaptatifs : modélisation, analyse et quantification." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20791/1/Excoffon_20791.pdf.
Full textMansouri, Imen. "Contrôle distribué pour les systèmes multi-cœurs auto-adaptatifs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20087.
Full textRegular architectures embedding several processing elements are increasingly used in embedded systems. They require careful design to avoid high power consumption and to improve their flexibility. This thesis work deals with optimization mechanisms of large scale architectures; to meet variability issues, optimization is processed at run-time. The target design implements in-situ features to collect physical information about its yield and to monitor application workload and generated consumption. As for workload monitoring, we use activity counters connected at architecture level to a set of critical signals. We developed an automated method to optimally place these features with a minimal area overhead. The collected information are used further jointly with a power model to estimate the dissipated power and then driven appropriate optimization process. Optimal frequency for each core is set by means of a distributed controller based on consensus theory. The resulting settings aim to reduce the whole system power while fulfilling application constraints. The scheme needs to be fully distributed to garantee the control scalability, and so feasibility, as the number of cores scales
Chaves, Café Daniel. "Multi-level modeling for verification and synthesis of complex systems in a multi-physics context." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0019/document.
Full textIn the era of highly integrated electronics systems, engineers face the challenge of designing and testing multi-faceted systems with single-domain tools. This is difficult and error-prone. These so called heterogeneous systems have their operation and specifications expressed by several formalisms, each one particular to specific domains or engineering fields (software, digital hardware, analog, etc.). Existing design tools are meant to deal with homogeneous designs using one formalism at a time. In the current state, industry is forced to battle with integration issues at every design step, i.e. specification, simulation, validation and deployment. Common divide-to-conquer approaches do not include cross-domain interface specification from the beginning of the project. This lack is often the cause of issues and rework while trying to connect parts of the system that were not designed with the same formalism. This thesis proposes an approach to deal with heterogeneity by embracing it from the beginning of the project using SysML as the unifying tool. Our proposal hinges on the assignment of well-defined semantics to SysML diagrams, together with semantic adaptation elements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept, a toolchain is built and used to generate systems simulation executable code automatically from SysML specifications for different target languages using model driven engineering techniques
Patrigeon, Guillaume. "Systèmes intégrés adaptatifs ultra basse consommation pour l’Internet des Objets." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS036.
Full textThe Internet of Things is an infrastructure enabling advanced services by interconnecting things. Although the large variety of Internet of Things applications involve many kinds of technical solutions, many of those are based on a typical architecture that can be divided in three layers: the perception layer, the transport layer and the services layer. The dispositive that composed the perception layer, called “sensor nodes”, are subject of technical requirements: size, security, reliability, autonomous, and long lifetime. Sensor nodes’ energy efficiency is the most critical point where traditional technologies show their limitations. New strategies and solutions are proposed to overcome this technical challenge; however, how can those be evaluated, with which tools and at which level? How emerging technologies can be optimized and integrated inside microcontrollers for Internet of Things applications? Which are the new strategies for energy management to adopt with technologies such as 28 nm FD-SOI and non-volatiles memories? What are their limitations? Will they be sufficient?To evaluate the integration of emerging technologies inside low power microcontrollers, we propose a new methodology using an FPGA-based sensor node prototyping platform. Able to operate in already deployed wireless sensor networks, we use it to perform fast and precise evaluations, taking account of the application context. We studied and evaluated multiple memory architecture configurations based on STT magnetic memories as a replacement of traditional solutions, and showed that the non-volatile STT memory technology can improve a microcontroller’s energy efficiency for embedded applications
Postoyan, Romain. "Commande et construction d’observateurs pour des systèmes non linéaires incertains à données échantillonnées et en réseau." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112163.
Full textThe rise of digital technologies has promoted the development of new controllers implementations that have many advantages compared to traditional control structures. Indeed, digital controllers have become very popular due to their low cost and great flexibility in comparison with analogical controllers. The implementation of control structures via a network also offers a new point of view. They are generally easier to use and to maintain than point-by-point wiring, they allow one to significantly reduce data exchanges and, as a consequence, the energy cost. However, induced communication constraints can have a significant impact on system dynamical behaviour. In this thesis, we first propose adaptive and robust stabilisation methods for classes of nonlinear sampled-data systems affected by uncertainties; the main objective is to improve closed-loop performance compared to the emulation of a continuous-time control law. When data exchanges are sampled and time-scheduled via a network, we have developed a framework for the observer design by emulation. It is shown that various observer designs (linear, high gain, circle criterion) and various network configurations fit our framework
Merzouki, Rochdi. "Méthodes d'estimation et compensations robustes et adaptatives." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS008V.
Full textIn this thesis report, an estimation and adaptative compensation controls have been deceloped, in order to compensate some mecanical imperfections, like : friction, backlash, flexibility and the stick-slip motion in a electical actuator
Agut, Willy. "Conception de nano-objets adaptatifs à base de polypeptides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR12319/document.
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Gloaguen, Eric. "Photodynamique de systèmes complexes." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112095.
Full textTo understand a reaction at a microscopic scale, one needs to study the evolution of the electronic distribution which drives the nuclear motions. Two photoreactive systems were studied along this line : a {metal + organic molecule } system where a charge transfer reaction occurs, and an ethylene-like molecule prone to a cis-trans isomerization. A van der Waals cluster, Ca-CH3F was studied by the action spectra of two competitive reactions : the formation of excited states of CaF, and the dissociation of the cluster. By exciting the complex in the 535-355 nm domain, it was possible to measure the binding energies of the neutral and ionized complex, and to observe the vibronic structure of its excited states. The charge transfer from the metal to the molecule needed to the formation of CaF occurs continuously during the stretching of the C-F bond : the harpoon model which supposes an instantaneous transfer without nuclear motion thus does not describe correctly this reaction. The relaxation of an ethylene-like molecule, TetrakisDimethylAminoEthylene was studied by time-resolved photoelectron imaging at the ~100 fs scale. A sequential kinetic scheme implying three electronic states thus could be observed during the first two picoseconds. Wavepacket oscillations are superimposed on this relaxation scheme and prove that energy can remain durably (few picoseconds) localised on one mode of a complex system
Tavares, Da Costa Carlos. "Méthodes de commande adaptative par supervision pour la régulation d'un générateur entrainé par turbine hydraulique." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0188.
Full textChauvel, Franck. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception de systèmes logiciels auto-adaptatifs." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512189.
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