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Journal articles on the topic 'Les vacances de M'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Boualem, Mohamed, Natalia Djellab, and Djamil Aïssani. "Approche régénérative de la file d’attente M/G/1 avec rappels classiques et vacances exhaustives du serveur." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 45, no. 1-3 (April 30, 2011): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/jesa.45.253-267.

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2

Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen-Induced Superabundant Vacancies in Metals: Implication for Electrodeposition." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 1106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.1106.

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The equilibrium concentration of vacancies in metals is invariably enhanced in the presence of interstitial hydrogen atoms – a phenomenon called superabundant vacancy (SAV) formation. It has been recognized that the SAV formation occurs in electrodeposition, as M-, H-atoms and M-atom vacancies are deposited by atom-by-atom process. Effects of SAV formation are described for electrodeposited Ni, Ni-Fe alloys, Fe-C alloys and Cu. Possible implication of SAV formation for corrosion in Al and steels is also briefly described.

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3

Костенко, М. Г., and А. А. Ремпель. "Распределение вакансий в гибридной сверхструктуре M-=SUB=-(5-11/18)-=/SUB=-X-=SUB=-(5-11/18)-=/SUB=- высокотемпературной упорядоченной фазы beta-TiO." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 3 (2018): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.03.45544.254.

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AbstractA new structural model of the high-temperature ordered β-TiO phase of titanium monoxide with vacancies in metallic and nonmetallic sublattices has been proposed. The model suggests that the vacancies are simultaneously distributed over sites of two partially disordered superstructures: monoclinic M_5X_5(mon) (space group C 2/ m ( A 2/ m )) and cubic M_5X_5(cub) (space group Pm $$\overline 3 $$ 3 ¯ m ). The hybrid superstructure belongs to space group P 1 m 1 of the monoclinic system. The proposed notation M_(5–11/18)X_(5–11/18) of the hybrid superstructure takes into account an expansion of the vacancy sublattice due to the superposition of initial $${M_5}{X_{{5^ - }}}$$ M 5 X 5 − type superstructures. It is shown that the arrangements of the superstructure reflections in the diffraction spectra of the M_(5–11/18)X_(5–11/18) and M_5X_5(cub) superstructures are identical.

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4

Wiewióra, A. "Crystallochemical classifications of phyllosilicates based on the unified system of projection of chemical composition: I. The mica group." Clay Minerals 25, no. 1 (March 1990): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1990.025.1.08.

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AbstractA unified system of vector representation of chemical composition is proposed for the phyllosilicates based on projection of the composition, as given by crystallochemical formula, onto a field with orthogonal axes chosen for octahedral divalent cations, R2+, and Si (X, Y, respectively), and oblique axes for octahedral trivalent cations, R3+, and vacancies, □, (V, Z, respectively). Point coordinates for each set of axes were used to define the direction and length of the unit vectors for phyllosilicates belonging to different groups. Parallel to these fundamental directions the composition isolines were drawn in the projection fields. Applied to micas, this system enables control of the chemical composition by the general crystallochemical formula covering all varieties of Li-free dioctahedral and trioctahedral micas:where z (number of vacancies) = (y-x+ m)/2; m (layer charge) =1; u+y+z = 3. There is a similar formula for vacancy-free lithian micas:where w = m — x+y;m=1; u+y+w = 3, and for Li-free brittle micas:where z = (y — x+m)/2; m = 2; u+y+z = 3. Projection fields were used to classify micas.

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5

Tawara, H., P. Richard, U. I. Safronova, A. A. Vasilyev, and M. Stockli. "M X-ray emission from low-energy, highly charged Taq+ (q = 4549) ions colliding with neutral atoms due to singly and doubly excited states formed through single-electron capture." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-014.

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M X-rays have been observed from 140 keV/u 181Taq+ (q = 4549) ions colliding with neutral Ar atoms under single collisions. The most dominant X-rays have been found to be due to transitions of 4p3d and 4f3d when the projectiles bring 3d-shell vacancies into collisions. Though much weaker, M X-rays also have been observed in collisions with Ta45+ ions that initially have no 3d-shell vacancy and are understood to originate from transitions of the doubly excited states 3d9nln'l' formed through strong electronelectron interactions after single-electron capture. The observed M X-ray spectra have been compared and reproduced nicely with the synthesized spectra. It has been confirmed that transitions of such doubly excited states also contribute to X-rays at the lower energy region observed even for higher charge ions with 3d vacancies. PACS Nos.: 32.30Rj, 32.70Cs, 32.80Rm, 34.70+e

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6

Puri, S., D. Mehta, B. Chand, Nirmal Singh, J. H. Hubbell, and P. N. Trehan. "Production of Li subshell and M shell vacancies following inner-shell vacancy production." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 83, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(93)95902-h.

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7

Buniatyan, V., V. Begoyan, A. Davtyan, H. Hovnikyan, and H. Hovnikyan. "C–V (g–V) Characteristics of M–BaxSr1 – xTiO3–M Thin Film Structures with Oxygen Vacancies." Advanced Materials & Technologies, no. 1 (2019): 035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/amt.2019.01.pp.035-044.

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8

Mascher, P., S. Dannefaer, and D. Kerr. "Deformation-induced vacancy-type defects in GaAs." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1991): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-050.

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Semi-insulating undoped GaAs was plastically deformed and then investigated by positron-lifetime spectroscopy. Strains between 0 and 40% and temperatures of deformation of 450, 500, and 600 °C were investigated, with detailed investigations carried out for the lowest temperature of deformation. Between 0 and 4% strain, a reduction of the grown-in vacancy response takes place simultaneously with a slight increase in vacancy cluster size to two or three vacancies. Between 4 and 6% strain a very substantial increase in vacancy production occurs but nearly all of these vacancies are clustered into voids with a radius of about 50 Å (1 Å = 10−10 m) and density in the order of 1013–1014 cm−3. The total concentration of vacancies necessary to produce these voids is 1017–1018 cm−3. This clearly shows that vacancies are formed upon deformation and that they are mobile at 450 °C. Upon further deformation to 20% strain, the overall defect concentration becomes so high that all positrons become trapped for which reason no absolute defect concentrations can be deduced. The dominant defect types can nevertheless be identified as voids (of average size of 20 Å), two- or three-vacancy clusters, and shallow traps. Isothermal annealing of 40% strained samples shows that heat treatment reduces the void concentration but increases the average void size, and results only in a small decrease in shallow-trap concentration. The shallow traps are likely the dislocation lines themselves and the small vacancy clusters appear to be associated with the dislocation lines.

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9

Buniatyan, V. V., and H. R. Dastoyan. "The I–V Characteristics of M–BaxSr1–xTiO3–M Thin Film Structures with Oxygen Vacancies. Part 1." Advanced Materials & Technologies, no. 1(17) (2020): 008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/amt.2020.01.pp.008-017.

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10

Aaltonen, Pertti, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, Tapio Saukkonen, Simo Kilpeläinen, Filip Tuomisto, and Hannu Hänninen. "Role of excessive vacancies in transgranular stress corrosion cracking of pure copper." Corrosion Reviews 33, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0047.

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AbstractThe role of the excessive metal vacancy generation in transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) of pure copper was studied in relation to crack initiation and growth mechanisms. Electrochemically polarized specimens were strained at room temperature in 0.3 m NaNO2 solution. Cation vacancy redistribution under applied anodic polarization took place at the p-n junction of the duplex Cu2O oxide film, resulting in cation vacancy transport in the p-type layer of the oxide to the metal substrate interface and in excessive metal vacancy accumulation in the metal substrate. The rapid initiation of TGSCC at room temperature in the cold-worked oxygen-free high-conductivity copper samples occurred during slow strain rate tests under anodic polarization in 0.3 m NaNO2 solution. The duplex Cu2O oxide film structure formed by cathodic deposition, before applying the anodic polarization, was characterized with X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The redistribution of cation vacancies in the p-type oxide phase due to the anodic polarization and the metal vacancy accumulation in the copper substrate interface was studied by using positron annihilation spectroscopy.

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11

Buniatyan, V. V., H. R. Dashtoyan, and A. A. Davtyan. "The I–V Characteristics of M–BaxSr1–xTiO3–M Thin Film Structures with Oxygen Vacancies. Part 2." Advanced Materials & Technologies, no. 4(20) (2020): 058–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/amt.2020.04.pp.058-066.

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In Part 2 of the paper, based on the results and assumptions pointed in Part 1, analytical expressions were derived for Schottky barrier thermal/field assisted and Poole-Frenkel emission currents. The computer modeling theoretical dependencies of the I–V characteristics has been compared with the experimental measured results and obtained good agreements.

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12

Tsepelev, Vladimir S., Yuri N. Starodubtsev, and V. Ya Belozerov. "Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloys with Different Inhibitors." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.250.

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In this work, the effect of different inhibitors on the thermal stability of the magnetic properties in Fe73.5Cu1M3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloys, where M = Nb, W, Mo, was investigated. Nanocrystalline alloy with tungsten has the greatest thermal stability. The change in the magnetic properties in the ageing process was associated with vacancies and vacancy clusters, the formation of which is facilitated by large atoms of inhibitory elements occupying free positions in the substitution solid solution.

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13

Suescun, Leopoldo, Joke Hadermann, and Bogdan Dabrowski. "HR-TEM study of oxygen vacancy ordered Sr4+nMn4+nO10+3n compounds." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090573.

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The study of oxygen vacancy ordering in the LaxSr1-xMnOy system has shown a strong correlation between Mn formal valence and coordination to oxygen. The Mn2+ was found forming octahedra (Oc) and tetrahedra (Te), Mn3+ octahedra and pyramids (Py) and Mn4+ only octahedra. This tendency was derived from the presence of three kinds of vacancy orderings in the system. For y>2.5 and the average Mnm+ charge of 2<m<3 (x>0.5), brownmillerite-type structures are found with Mn2+/3+ Oc and Mn2+ Te. [1] For 3<m<4 (x<0.5) structures of the homologous Sr4+nMn4+nO10+3n –type series are found with Mn3+ Py and Mn3+/4+ Oc. [2] For y<2.5 and 2<m<3 (x<0.5) a complex layered structure with OcTeOcOcTe'Oc ordering and step defects of Mn3+ Py and Mn2+ Te [3] is observed. Brownmillerite-type structure is absent in the Sr-rich region since mostly Mn3+ is present, which does not show tendency to form Te. Compounds of the Sr4+nMn4+nO10+3n series have been described as arrangements of groups of four Py and n Oc in symmetrical patterns. [2] This description did not elucidate the crystal chemistry reasons for specific pattern (n=0, 1 and 3) since it neglected the coordination stabilization associated with oxygen vacancy, charge and orbital ordering observed in the structures.[2] Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for SrMnOy with y values located between corresponding n=0, 1 and 3 compositions, we have determined that the oxygen vacancy ordering directs the formation of these patterns. The structural patterns can be described as perovskites with lines of oxygen vacancies along [001] with nearest lines of vacancies in the cubic (310) plane. Successive (310) planes are n perovskite blocks (Oc) apart in the [010] direction. This ordering pattern allows the coherent growth of phases with different n at the sides of (310) plane as observed in grains of a sample of SrMnO2.668 where n=1 and n=3 phases grown coherently one at each side of the vacancy plane.

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14

Tan, X. J., H. Z. Shao, J. He, G. Q. Liu, J. T. Xu, J. Jiang, and H. C. Jiang. "Band engineering and improved thermoelectric performance in M-doped SnTe (M = Mg, Mn, Cd, and Hg)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 10 (2016): 7141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07620j.

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15

Murat, Altynbek, and Julia E. Medvedeva. "Native point defects in multicomponent transparent conducting oxides." MRS Proceedings 1633 (2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.144.

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ABSTRACTThe formation of native point defects in layered multicomponent InAMO4 oxides with A3+=Al or Ga, and M2+=Ca, Mg, or Zn, is investigated using first-principles density functional calculations. We calculated the formation energy of acceptor (cation vacancies, acceptor antisites) and donor (oxygen vacancy, donor antisites) defects within the structurally and chemically distinct layers of InAMO4 oxides. We find that the antisite donor defect, in particular, the A atom substituted on the M atom site (AM) in InAMO4 oxides, have lower formation energies, hence, higher concentrations, as compared to those of the oxygen vacancy which is know to be the major donor defect in binary constituent oxides. The major acceptor (electron “killer”) defects are cation vacancies except for InAlCaO4 where the antisite CaAl is the most abundant acceptor defect. The results of the defect formation analysis help explain the changes in the observed carrier concentrations as a function of chemical composition in InAMO4, and also why the InAlZnO4 samples are unstable under a wide range of growing conditions.

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16

Pilemalm, Robert, Sergei Simak, and Per Eklund. "The Effect of Point Defects on the Electronic Density of States of ScMN2-Type (M = V, Nb, Ta) Phases." Condensed Matter 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat4030070.

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ScMN2-type (M = V, Nb, Ta) phases are layered materials that have been experimentally reported for M = Ta and Nb. They are narrow-bandgap semiconductors with potentially interesting thermoelectric properties. Point defects such as dopants and vacancies largely affect these properties, motivating the need to investigate these effects. In particular, asymmetric peak features in the density of states (DOS) close to the highest occupied state is expected to increase the Seebeck coefficient. Here, we used first principles calculations to study the effects of one vacancy or one C, O, or F dopant on the DOS of the ScMN2 phases. We used density functional theory to calculate formation energy and the density of states when a point defect is introduced in the structures. In the DOS, asymmetric peak features close to the highest occupied state were found as a result of having a vacancy in all three phases. Furthermore, one C dopant in ScTaN2, ScNbN2, and ScVN2 implies a shift of the highest occupied state into the valence band, while one O or F dopant causes a shift of the highest occupied state into the conduction band.

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17

Marshall, Madalynn, Karolina Górnicka, Ranuri S. Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage, Tomasz Klimczuk, and Weiwei Xie. "New Tetragonal ReGa5(M) (M = Sn, Pb, Bi) Single Crystals Grown from Delicate Electrons Changing." Crystals 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100527.

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Single crystals of the new Ga-rich phases ReGa~5(Sn), ReGa~5(Pb) and ReGa~5(Bi) were successfully obtained from the flux method. The new tetragonal phases crystallize in the space group P4/mnc (No. 128) with vertex-sharing capped Re2@Ga14 oblong chains. Vacancies were discovered on the Ga4 and Ga5 sites, which can be understood as the direct inclusion of elemental Sn, Pb and Bi into the structure. Heat capacity measurements were performed on all three compounds resulting in a small anomaly which resembles the superconductivity transition temperature from the impurity ReGa5 phase. The three compounds were not superconducting above 1.85 K. Subsequently, electronic structure calculations revealed a high density of states around the Fermi level, as well as non-bonding interactions that likely indicate the stability of these new phases.

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18

El-Shemi, Adel M. "Multicharged Xei+ ions formed after de-excitation of inner-shell vacancies in Xe atom." Canadian Journal of Physics 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p04-045.

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Multicharged Xe ions following de-excitation of K-, L1-, L2,3-, M1-, M2,3-, and M4,5-subshell vacancies are calculated using a Monte-Carlo algorithm to simulate the vacancy cascade development. Fluorescence yield (radiative) and Auger and CosterKronig yields (nonradiative) are evaluated. The decay of the K hole state through radiative transitions is found to be more probable than through nonradiative transitions in the first step of de-excitation. On the other hand, the decay of L and M vacancies through nonradiative transitions are more probable. Ions, mainly produced from Xe in the K-shell vacancy state, are found to be Xe7+, Xe8+, Xe9+, and Xe10+. The charged Xe8+ ions predominate in the charge state distributions. The main product from the L1-shell ionization is found to be Xe8+ and Xe9+ ions, while the Xe8+ ions predominate at the L2,3 hole states. The charged Xe6+, Xe7+, and Xe8+ ions come mainly from 3s1/2 and 3p1/2,3/2 ionization, while Xe in 3d3/2,5/2 hole states becomes mainly Xe4+ and Xe5+ ions. The present results are found to agree well with the experimental data.PACS No.: 32.40.Hd

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19

Morozov, Vladimir, Katrien Meert, Philippe Smet, Dirk Poelman, Artem Abakumov, and Joke Hadermann. "Incommensurate modulated structures and luminescence in scheelites." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098222.

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Scheelite (CaWO4) related compounds (A',A'')n[(B',B'')O4]m with B', B''=W and/or Mo are promising new materials for red phosphors in pc-WLEDs (phosphor-converted white-light-emitting-diode) and solid-state lasers. Scheelites can be prepared with a large concentration of vacancies in the A sublattice, giving compositions characterized by a (A'+A''):(B'O4+B''O4) ratio different from 1:1. The creation of cation vacancies in the scheelite-type framework and the ordering of A cations and vacancies are a new factor in controlling the scheelite-type structure and properties. Very often the substitution of Ca2+ by M+ and R3+ (R3+ = rare earth elements) in the scheelite-type structure leads to switching the structure from 3D to (3+n)D (n = 1,2) regime. The creation and ordering of A-cation vacancies and the effect of cation substitutions in the scheelite-type framework are investigated as a factor controlling the scheelite-type structure and luminescent properties of CaGd2(1-x)Eu2x(MoO4)4(1-y)(WO4)4y (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1) solid solutions. Within this series all complex molybdenum oxides have (3+2)D incommensurately modulated structures with superspace group I41/a(α,β,0)00(-β,α,0)00, while the structures of all tungstates are (3+1)D incommensurately modulated with superspace group I2/b(αβ0)00. In both cases the modulation arises due to cation-vacancy ordering at the A site. The replacement of the smaller Gd3+ by the larger Eu3+ at the A-sublattice does not affect the nature of the incommensurate modulation, but an increasing replacement of Mo6+ by W6+ switches the modulation from (3+2)D to (3+1)D regime. Acknowledgement. This research was supported by FWO (project G039211N, Flanders Research Foundation) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants 11-03-01164, and 12-03-00124).

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20

Wu, Jing, Yanpeng Liu, Yi Liu, Yongqing Cai, Yunshan Zhao, Hong Kuan Ng, Kenji Watanabe, et al. "Large enhancement of thermoelectric performance in MoS2/h-BN heterostructure due to vacancy-induced band hybridization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 25 (June 10, 2020): 13929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007495117.

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Local impurity states arising from atomic vacancies in two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are predicted to have a profound effect on charge transport due to resonant scattering and can be used to manipulate thermoelectric properties. However, the effects of these impurities are often masked by external fluctuations and turbostratic interfaces; therefore, it is challenging to probe the correlation between vacancy impurities and thermoelectric parameters experimentally. In this work, we demonstrate that n-type molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) supported on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate reveals a large anomalous positive Seebeck coefficient with strong band hybridization. The presence of vacancies on MoS2with a large conduction subband splitting of 50.0 ± 5.0 meV may contribute to Kondo insulator-like properties. Furthermore, by tuning the chemical potential, the thermoelectric power factor can be enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude to 50 mW m−1K−2. Our work shows that defect engineering in 2D materials provides an effective strategy for controlling band structure and tuning thermoelectric transport.

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21

Woodward, C., and S. Kajihara. "Density of thermal vacancies in γ-Ti–Al–M, M=Si, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ta or W." Acta Materialia 47, no. 14 (October 1999): 3793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(99)00231-1.

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22

Kahlon, K. S., K. L. Allawadhi, and B. S. Sood. "Alignment of M-subshell vacancy states after photoionization." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24, no. 17 (September 14, 1991): 3727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/24/17/009.

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23

Pascal, Marie-Lola, Michel Fonteilles, Véronique Tournis, Benoît Baptiste, Jean-Louis Robert, and Jean-Claude Boulliard. "Ba-, Si- and vacancy-rich phlogopites from the talc-bearing sulfide ore deposit of La Creuse, Beaujolais, France." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 1187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.124.

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ABSTRACTBa-rich and Si-rich phlogopites occur in the talc-bearing rocks of the La Creuse sulfide ore deposit in Beaujolais, France. They form a group of compositions completely separated from the common Al-rich phlogopites that occur in the surrounding talc-free metasiltites and metarhyolites, with higher Ba and Mg and lower Al contents. The Ba-rich phlogopites have a relatively narrow compositional range (0.24 to 0.80 Ba per formula unit, for 44 valencies) with high and constant Si (5.8 atoms per formula unit, apfu) and Mg + Fe (5.6 apfu), probably buffered by the presence of talc. Compared to low-Al phlogopites from talc-free rocks, the excess charge introduced by the BaK–1 substitution is compensated by interlayer vacancies. Such a high level of interlayer vacancy (0.56 pfu), related to the talc-producing metasomatic conditions, is essential for the stability of this special group of Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopites.Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses were performed. Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, (R = 5.31%) with a = 5.3185(5), b = 9.2136(9), c = 10.1349(11) Å and β = 100.131(11)°. The occupancies of Mg/Fe and K/Ba were refined exploring different vacancies. The solutions giving the best R factor (4.77%) and goodness-of-fit (1.06) are obtained with 15% < vacancy < 40% at the interlayer site.

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24

Artioli, G., C. Lamberti, and G. L. Marra. "Neutron powder diffraction study of orthorhombic and monoclinic defective silicalite." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 56, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199008927.

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The crystal structure of silicalite (SiO2) with a substantial amount of structural hydroxyl groups [Si(1−x)O(2−4x)(OH)4x , with 0.08 < x < 0.10] has been refined from neutron powder diffraction data measured using the HRPD instrument at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. Powder data were collected on the as-synthesized orthorhombic sample at 298 K, and on the deuterated monoclinic sample at 100 K. Preferential location of Si-atom vacancies was found on four out of 12 independent T sites in the orthorhombic silicalite [Si(6), Si(7), Si(10) and Si(11)], although the H atoms of the substituting hydroxyl groups could not be located because of the low statistical site occupancy on multiple sites. No significant population of D atoms or of Si vacancies was found in the tetrahedral sites of the monoclinic sample. The detected long-range order of adjacent Si atoms in defective orthorhombic [MFI] structures is compatible with a mechanism of Si vacancy clustering and with the model of hydroxyl nests assumed in the literature on the basis of IR spectroscopic evidence. Crystal data: orthorhombic, Pnma, Z = 8, a = 20.0511 (1), b = 19.8757 (1), c = 13.36823 (9) Å, V = 5327.62 (5) Å3, D x = 1.798 g cm−3, M r = 721.01; monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 19.8352 (2), b = 20.0903 (2), c = 13.3588 (1) Å, β = 90.892 (1)°, V = 5322.78 (6) Å3, D x = 1.799 g cm−3, M r = 1442.02.

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25

Brodar, Tomislav, Luka Bakrač, Ivana Capan, Takeshi Ohshima, Luka Snoj, Vladimir Radulović, and Željko Pastuović. "Depth Profile Analysis of Deep Level Defects in 4H-SiC Introduced by Radiation." Crystals 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090845.

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Deep level defects created by implantation of light-helium and medium heavy carbon ions in the single ion regime and neutron irradiation in n-type 4H-SiC are characterized by the DLTS technique. Two deep levels with energies 0.4 eV (EH1) and 0.7 eV (EH3) below the conduction band minimum are created in either ion implanted and neutron irradiated material beside carbon vacancies (Z1/2). In our study, we analyze components of EH1 and EH3 deep levels based on their concentration depth profiles, in addition to (−3/=) and (=/−) transition levels of silicon vacancy. A higher EH3 deep level concentration compared to the EH1 deep level concentration and a slight shift of the EH3 concentration depth profile to larger depths indicate that an additional deep level contributes to the DLTS signal of the EH3 deep level, most probably the defect complex involving interstitials. We report on the introduction of metastable M-center by light/medium heavy ion implantation and neutron irradiation, previously reported in cases of proton and electron irradiation. Contribution of M-center to the EH1 concentration profile is presented.

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26

Yang, Siwei, Chaoyu Zhao, Ruxin Qu, Yaxuan Cheng, Huiling Liu, and Xuri Huang. "Probing the activity of transition metal M and heteroatom N4 co-doped in vacancy fullerene (M–N4–C64, M = Fe, Co, and Ni) towards the oxygen reduction reaction by density functional theory." RSC Advances 11, no. 5 (2021): 3174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08652e.

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In this study, a novel type oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst is explored using density functional theory (DFT); the catalyst consists of transition metal M and heteroatom N₄ co-doped in vacancy fullerene (M–N₄–C₆₄, M = Fe, Co, and Ni).

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27

Yin, Xueli, Xiaoping Dai, Fei Nie, Ziteng Ren, Zhaohui Yang, Yonghao Gan, Baoqiang Wu, Yihua Cao, and Xin Zhang. "Electronic modulation and proton transfer by iron and borate co-doping for synergistically triggering the oxygen evolution reaction on a hollow NiO bipyramidal prism." Nanoscale 13, no. 33 (2021): 14156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr03500b.

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The porous hollow Fe/Bi-NiO prism shows excellent OER performance due to the borate doping for accelerating the reaction as M–OHads → M–Oads + H, abundant oxygen vacancies and the electronic modulation by Fe doping.

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28

Bielec, Philipp, Lucien Eisenburger, H. Lars Deubner, Daniel Günther, Florian Kraus, Oliver Oeckler, and Wolfgang Schnick. "Targeting Vacancies in Nitridosilicates: Aliovalent Substitution of M 2+ (M=Ca, Sr) by Sc 3+ and U 3+." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812460.

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29

Allawadhi, K. L., B. S. Sood, Raj Mittal, N. Singh, and K. S. Mann. "Production of M X-rays on decay of L3subshell vacancies to M shell in Pb, Th and U." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 27, no. 1 (January 14, 1994): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/27/1/008.

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30

Yu, Yang, Lei Zhong, Jie Ding, Wei Cai, and Qin Zhong. "Cobalt supported on metal-doped ceria catalysts (M = Zr, Sn and Ti) for NO oxidation." RSC Advances 5, no. 30 (2015): 23193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15439h.

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31

Shimozaki, Toshitada, Takahisa Okino, and C. G. Lee. "Numerical Analysis for the Behavior of Multiple Markers in Multiple Phase Diffusion Couples." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.394.

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The movement of multiple markers (M-M) embedded in a multiple phases diffusion couple (M-couple) has been numerically analyzed for binary two phases models taking the molar volume change effect to the diffusion direction into account. From the results obtained by this analysis the places where vacancies are annihilated or generated can be visualized. It has been clarified that a part of M-M is necessarily shown by a linear line due to parabolic movement of the inter-phase interface. Some other interesting results obtained in this study will be reported.

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32

Iglesias, Ignacio, Graciela Baronetti, and Fernando Mariño. "Ceria and Ce 0.95 M 0.05 O 2−δ mixed oxides (M = La, Pr, Zr): Vacancies and reducibility study." Solid State Ionics 309 (October 2017): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2017.07.008.

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33

Silva-Calpa, Leydi del R., Priscila C. Zonetti, Clarissa P. Rodrigues, Odivaldo C. Alves, Lucia G. Appel, and Roberto R. de Avillez. "The ZnxZr1−xO2−y solid solution on m-ZrO2: Creating O vacancies and improving the m-ZrO2 redox properties." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 425 (December 2016): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2016.10.008.

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34

Ekren, Dursun, Feridoon Azough, and Robert Freer. "Enhancing the thermoelectric properties of Sr 1− x Pr 2 x /3 □ x /3 TiO 3± δ through control of crystal structure and microstructure." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2152 (July 8, 2019): 20190037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0037.

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A-site deficient perovskites are among the most important n -type thermoelectric oxides. Ceramics of Sr 1− x Pr 2 x /3 □ x /3 TiO 3 ( x = 0.1–1.0) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1700–1723 K using highly reducing atmospheres. Samples with the highest Sr content had a cubic crystal structure ( P m 3 ¯ m ) ; incorporating Pr with A-site vacancies led to a reduction in symmetry to tetragonal ( I4/mcm ) and then orthorhombic ( Cmmm ) crystal structures. HRTEM showed Pr 2/3 TiO 3 had a layered structure with alternating fully and partially occupied A-sites and a short-range order along the (100) direction. Electrical conductivity was highest in samples of high symmetry ( x ≤ 0.40), where the microstructures featured core-shell and domain structures. This enabled a very high power factor of approximately 1.75 × 10 −3 W m −1 K −2 at 425 K. By contrast, at high Pr content, structural distortion led to reduced electron transport; enhanced phonon scattering (from mass contrast, local strain and cation–vacancy ordering) led to reduced, glass-like, thermal conductivity. Carbon burial sintering increased the oxygen deficiency leading to increased carrier concentration, a maximum power factor of approximately 1.80 × 10 −3 W m −1 K −2 at 350 K and thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.26 at 865 K. The paper demonstrates the importance of controlling both crystal structure and microstructure to enhance thermoelectric performance. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.

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35

Popuri, Srinivasa R., and Jan-Willem G. Bos. "A-Site Deficient SrTiO3: A Possible Phonon-Glass Electron-Crystal?" MRS Advances 1, no. 60 (2016): 3997–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.410.

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ABSTRACTThe thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline samples of Sr1-xLa0.67xTiO3-δ and Sr0.20La0.53Ti1−yNbyO3-δ have been investigated. The first series has a gradually increasing amount of A-site vacancies, and charge carriers linked to the oxygen deficiency. The second series has a fixed amount of A-site vacancies (27%) and variation of the Nb content was used to optimise the electrical properties. Maximum power factors of 0.6 mW m-1 K-2 for x = 0.4 and 0.4 mW m-1 K-2 for y = 0.05 were observed at 700 K. Combining these values with thermal conductivity data obtained previously, suggests that maximum figures of merit zT = 0.16 for x = 0.4 and zT = 0.2 for y = 0.05 are possible at 1000 K. This study contributes new insight on the interplay between A-site vacancies and thermoelectric performance in SrTiO3.

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36

Magnin, Stéphane. "Parents-vacances." VST - Vie sociale et traitements 105, no. 1 (2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vst.105.0007.

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37

Jeanne et Antonin. "Nos vacances." Spirale 58, no. 2 (2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spi.058.0047.

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38

Evguénia et Maxime. "Voyages, vacances." Spirale 58, no. 2 (2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spi.058.0067.

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39

Goh, Gregory K. L., Sossina M. Haile, Carlos G. Levi, and Fred F. Lange. "Hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite and pyrochlore powders of potassium tantalate." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 3168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0458.

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Potassium tantalate powders were hydrothermally synthesized at 100 to 200 °C in 4 to 15 M aqueous KOH solutions. A defect pyrochlore, Kta2O5(OH). nH2O (n ≈ 1.4), was obtained at 4 M KOH, but at 7–12 M KOH, this pyrochlore was gradually replaced by a defect perovskite as the stable phase. At 15 M KOH, there was no intermediate pyrochlore, only a defect perovskite, 0.85Ta0.92O2.43(OH)0.57 0.15H2O. Synthesis at higher KOH concentrations led to greater incorporation of protons in the perovskite structures. The potassium vacancies required for charge compensation of incorporated protons could accommodate water molecules in the perovskite structure.

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40

Lee, W. J., B. Ryu, and K. J. Chang. "Electronic structure of oxygen vacancy in crystalline InGaO3(ZnO)m." Physica B: Condensed Matter 404, no. 23-24 (December 2009): 4794–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.08.178.

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41

Vasilyev, A. A., H. Tawara, P. Richard, and U. I. Safronova. "Observation and analysis (synthesis) of X-ray spectrum originated from electron capture of low-energy, highly charged Xeq+ (q = 2643) ions in single collisions with Ar atom." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p01-133.

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X-rays have been observed in collisions of low-energy (keV/u), highly charged Xeq+ (q = 2643) ions with neutral Ar atoms. These X-rays are understood to be produced through electron capture by highly charged projectile ions from target atoms, the electrons then cascade down to the ground state. It is clearly noted that the most intense X-ray peaks correspond to M-shell N-shell transitions with different numbers of M-shell vacancies and that X-ray intensities decrease significantly toward high energies near the ionization limit. This observation indicates that the direct transition of an electron captured in a highly excited state to M-shell vacancies is negligibly small. To obtain a better understanding of X-ray production mechanisms, we tried to synthesize the expected X-ray spectrum and compare that with the observed spectrum. The synthesized spectra were found to reproduce the observed spectra reasonably well. PACS Nos: 32.30Rj, 32.70Cs, 32.80Rm, 34.70+e

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42

Thang, Ho Viet, and Gianfranco Pacchioni. "Oxygen Vacancy in Wurtzite ZnO and Metal-Supported ZnO/M(111) Bilayer Films (M = Cu, Ag and Au)." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 36 (August 20, 2018): 20880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06474.

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43

Apostolov, A. T., I. N. Apostolova, S. Trimper, and J. M. Wesselinowa. "Room temperature ferromagnetism in pure and ion-doped SnO2 nanoparticles." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 36 (December 13, 2017): 1750351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917503511.

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Using a microscopic model taking into account the spin–phonon interactions we have studied the magnetic properties of pure and ion-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The magnetization M in pure SnO2 NPs is due to surface oxygen vacancies. By doping with magnetic Co ion we observe a maximum in M for small Co-concentration, x = 1%, whereas for nonmagnetic Cu ion M increases with x. By Co-doping there is a local distribution for small Co-concentration, whereas by Cu this is not the case. It is shown that there is a strong connection between the lattice and M. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

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44

Sun, Jingyu, Haiming Xu, Dongya Li, Zhongwei Zou, Qiyuan Wu, Guoguan Liu, Jia Yang, Lei Sun, and Dongsheng Xia. "Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of a feathery-shaped BiOCl with abundant oxygen vacancies and efficient visible-light photoactivity." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 24 (2018): 19571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04165b.

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45

Shimozaki, Toshitada, Takahisa Okino, C. G. Lee, and O. Taguchi. "A Limited Condition for Bifurcate or Trifurcate Kirkendall Planes in Multiple Phase Diffusion Couples." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1487.

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In general, only one Kirkendall plane can be seen in a diffusion couple. However, bifurcate or trifurcate Kirkendall planes have been reported in Ti/TiAl3 or Co/CoSi2 multi-phase diffusion couples (M-couple) [1,2]. The authors [3] have previously shown a numerical technique to analyze the movement of multiple markers (M-M) embedded in a M-couple taking the molar volume change effect to the diffusion direction into account. Using this technique, one can visualize the places where vacancies (lattice planes) are annihilated or generated in the couple. Here, we try to demonstrate the bifurcate or trifurcate Kirkendall planes in the M-couple and clarify the limited conditions of bifurcate or trifurcate Kirkendall planes by using this numerical technique.

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46

Naumovich, E. N., Mikhail V. Patrakeev, Vladislav V. Kharton, Alrksey A. Yaremchenko, Ekaterina V. Tsipis, Dmitri I. Logvinovich, Jorge R. Frade, and Fernando M. B. Marques. "Defect Formation in La₂Ni(M)O_4+δ (M= Co, Cu): Modelling and Coulometric Titration Study." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.397.

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The p(O2)-T- diagrams of La2Ni1-xMxO4+ (M=Co and Cu, x= 0-0.20), determined by the coulometric titration technique at 923-1223 K in the oxygen partial pressure range 10-4 to 0.6 atm, can be adequately described by equilibrium processes of oxygen intercalation into the rock-salt type layers and hole localization on B-site cations forming 3+ oxidation states. For the hole activity, a non-ideal solution model taking into account the repulsion of p-type electronic charge carriers can be used. The electrostatic repulsion excludes occupation of nearest neighboring sites and leads to splitting of the energy levels for more distant sites. The affinity of Ni and Cu cations with respect to the hole localization is similar and cannot be statistically separated analyzing the oxygen nonstoichiometry data only. On the contrary, cobalt cations tend to remain in the trivalent state and Co3+ should be treated as a separate type of charged point defect. Oxygen vacancies formed in the perovskite-like layers due to intrinsic Frenkel disorder have no essential effect on the oxygen thermodynamics. As expected, the thermodynamic functions governing the intercalation-related processes are independent of defect concentrations.

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47

Groń, Tadeusz, Magdalena Piątkowska, Elżbieta Tomaszewicz, Bogdan Sawicki, Piotr Urbanowicz, and Henryk Duda. "Electrical and optical properties of new Pr3+-doped PbWO4 ceramics." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0080.

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AbstractPolycrystalline samples of new scheelite-type tungstates, Pb1−3x xPr2xWO4 with 0.0098 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.20, where denotes cationic vacancies have been successfully prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method using Pr2(WO4)3 and PbWO4 as the starting reactants. The influence of the Pr3+ substitution in the scheelite framework on the structure and optical properties of prepared new ceramic materials has been examined using powder X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The results of dielectric studies of Pb1−3x xPr2xWO4 samples showed both low values of dielectric constant (below 14) and loss tangent (below 0.2). The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power measurements revealed a low conductivity (∼2 × 10−9 S/m) and the sign change of thermoelectric power around the temperature of 366 K suggesting the p-n transition. These results are discussed in the context of vacancy, acceptor and donor levels as well as the Maxwell-Wagner model.

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48

Janavičius, A. J., A. Mekys, R. Purlys, Ž. Norgėla, S. Daugėla, and R. Rinkūnas. "Superdiffusion of Carbon by Vacancies Irradiated with Soft X-Rays in CZ Silicon / Superdifūzija Ar Vakancēm Iestarota Ar Mīkstajiem Rentgenstariem CZ Silīcijā." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 52, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2015-0030.

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Abstract The soft X-ray photons absorbed in the inner K, L, M shells of Si atoms produce photoelectrons and Auger electrons, thus generating vacancies, interstitials and metastable oxygen complexes. The samples of Czochralski silicon crystals covered with 0.1 μm thickness layer of carbon have been irradiated by X-rays using different voltages of Cu anode of the Russian diffractometer DRON-3M. The influence of X-rays on the formation of point defects and vacancy complexes, and their dynamics in Cz-Si crystals have been studied by infrared absorption. We have measured and calculated dynamics of concentration of carbon and interstitial oxygen using FTIR spectroscopy at room temperature after irradiation by soft X-rays. Using transmittance measurements and nonlinear diffusion theory we have calculated densities increasing for substitutional carbon and interstitial oxygen by reactions and very fast diffusion. The superdiffusion coefficients of carbon in silicon at room temperature generated by X-rays are about hundred thousand times greater than diffusion coefficients obtained for thermodiffusion.

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49

Corbel, C., L. Baroux, F. M. Kiessling, C. Gély-Sykes, and R. Triboulet. "Positron trapping at native vacancies in CdTe crystals: In doping effect." Materials Science and Engineering: B 16, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(93)90029-m.

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50

Wu, J., L. P. Li, W. T. P. Espinosa, and S. M. Haile. "Defect chemistry and transport properties of BaxCe0.85M0.15O3-δ." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 8 (August 2004): 2366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0302.

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The site-incorporation mechanism of M3+ dopants into A2+B4+O3 perovskites controls the overall defect chemistry and thus their transport properties. For charge-balance reasons, incorporation onto the A2+-site would require the creation of negatively charged point defects (such as cation vacancies), whereas incorporation onto the B4+-site is accompanied by the generation of positively charged defects, typically oxygen vacancies. Oxygen-vacancy content, in turn, is relevant to proton-conducting oxides in which protons are introduced via the dissolution of hydroxyl ions at vacant oxygen sites. We propose here, on the basis of x-ray powder diffraction studies, electron microscopy, chemical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and alternating current impedance spectroscopy, that nominally B-site doped barium cerate can exhibit dopant partitioning as a consequence of barium evaporation at elevated temperatures. Such partitioning and the presence of significant dopant concentrations on the A-site negatively impact proton conductivity. Specific materials examined are BaxCe0.85M0.15O3-δ (x = 0.85 - 1.20; M = Nd, Gd, Yb). The compositional limits for the maximum A-site incorporation are experimentally determined to be: (Ba0.919Nd0.081)(Ce0.919Nd0.081)O3, (Ba0.974Gd0.026)(Ce0.872Gd0.128)O2.875, and Ba(Ce0.85Yb0.15)O2.925. As a consequence of the greater ability of larger cations to exist on the Ba site, the H2O adsorption and proton conductivities of large-cation doped barium cerates are lower than those of small-cation doped analogs.

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