Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lese language'
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Breitenstein, Sarah, and Nicole Stadie. "Phonologische Verarbeitung bei Lese-Rechtschreib-Schwäche : Kinder aus der 1. bis 3. Klasse." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4708/.
Full textRurangirwa, Straton. "Les politiques linguistiques du Rwanda. Enjeux, bilan et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030031.
Full textThe whole population of Rwanda speaks the same language, Kinyarwanda, which is both the national and official language. This “surface” linguistic homogeneity is seen as a tree that hides a forest of a relatively “in depth” linguistic diversity (dialects, African and European languages). It is not yet time for chaos but the adoption of official trilingualism (Kinyarwanda-French-English) requires more than ever before the definition of the policy of managing the sociolinguistic situation of Rwanda, namely by clear determination, by a linguistic law, of the roles of official languages in various areas in order to solve the problems that have remained unanswered since the adoption of Kinyarwanda-French bilingualism in the 1930’s. From early the 20th century, the linguistic and sociolinguistic issues have interested various researchers. However, the question of the use of languages in various domains and their approximate mastery is still posed. This work analyses the linguistic policies that have been adopted in Rwanda with aim to bring out the stakes and assess the situation geared towards suggesting the new management strategies of the sociolinguistic situation of Rwanda. This is indeed a linguistic “politology” which falls within the theoretical and conceptual framework already explored whose efficiency has been tested on the ground in different countries. The theoretical framework has essentially been borrowed from the Quebec linguist Jean-Claude Corbeil. It is enriched with analyses of such other authors as Robert Chaudenson, Louis- Jean Calvet, Loïc Depecker, Henri Boyer, etc. on the concept of language planning and concrete situations. The study is based on both a meticulous documentary research and field work that have been carried out in Rwanda with various categories of people and some informal interviews with some stakeholders in language policy and planning [linguists and decision-makers]
Oliveira, Desiree. "Portuguese as a Foreign Language: Motivations and Perceptions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2874.
Full textDiémoz, Federica. "Morphologie et syntaxe des pronoms personnels sujets dans les parlers francoprovençaux de la Vallée d'Aoste /." Tübingen [u.a.] : Francke, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2970282&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textLhuillier, Laurence Marion. "Place et images des langues étrangères dans les bibliothèques municipales françaises : un cas pour les sciences de l'information." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL001/document.
Full textInitiated and informed by years of professional experience dedicated to providing foreign language resources in a French public library, this research questions the positioning of the library as an institution anchored in the principle of equal access to public service, in the context of a decline in both attendance and enrolment as well as that of increased international migration and multilingualism. The argument focuses on the transformation of practice and professional representation generated by the introduction of foreign language material in France's municipal libraries and questions the notions of “general public,” “information,” and “institutional positioning.” A quantitative survey assesses the size of the phenomenon. The qualitative survey analyses observations collected during face-to-face interviews with professionals, with non-library users as well as with elected representatives responsible for overseeing public libraries. Results reveal a real, albeit limited evolution: while numerous libraries now provide resources in foreign languages, such offers remain small in terms of both volume and value. They also highlight a lack of understanding of the nature and expectations of target audiences, the disruption of professional practice and representation generated by the acknowledgment of language as one of the criteria to shape the offer of resources, the transformation of the positioning of public librarians, of audiences and, more generally, of an institution not yet substantially involved in the field of foreign languages. In conclusion, the results show that this question goes beyond the sole decision-making power of public libraries themselves and falls more broadly in the remit of territorial and national authorities. Whether the development of foreign language resources in French public libraries is merely a passing shadow or, on the contrary, a significant evolution remains to be determined
Kortteinen, Pauli. "Les verbes de position suédois stå, sitta, ligga et leurs équivalents français étude contrastive /." Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016654943&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textLapointe, Fernand. "Quelques grammaires françaises pour anglophones et quelques problèmes d'expression orale chez les étudiants anglophones de niveau très avancé /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textShafter, Mukhtar. "Les tournures possessives en arabe dialectal tripolitain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212768.
Full textPambianchi, Gabriella. "Modélisation des démarches pédagogiques dans les pratiques de classe de français langue seconde chez les immigrants /." Thèse, Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textChebaa, Abdelouahid. "Les contacts hispano-marocains et le phénomène de l'emprunt linguistique: le cas de Tanger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212041.
Full textParry, Justin Tyrel, and Justin Tyrel Parry. "Analyzing Hebrew Textbooks: Differing Goals and Identities in Language Classrooms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623154.
Full textBidaud, Samuel. "La vicariance en français et dans les langues romanes : (italien, espagnol, portugais)." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL008.
Full textThe linguistic concept of vicariancy has never been defined precisely. The purpose of this thesis is therefore on the one hand to determine a notion of general linguistics, and on the other hand to study the main vicariant words in French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. We will see that vicariant words can be characterized by their incompleteness, by their abstract semantism and by the fact of being semantically neutral with regard to their antecedent. We will study from this point of view the verb faire, the que vicariant, the relative and interrogative pronouns, chose, truc, machin and bidule, the third-person pronouns, the pronouns y and en, the demonstrative pronouns and tous and tout, and, each time, their Italian, Spanish and Portuguese equivalents. Our approach is essentially based on Gustave Guillaume’s psychomecanics of language, which has the advantage of being a complete linguistics, since it considers the langue as well as the transition from this one to the discours. The psychomecanics of language postulates that the sense can be described as a movement of thought, and we will try to reconstruct this movement of thought for each one of the vicariant words we have enumerated.The linguistic concept of vicariancy has never been defined precisely. The purpose of this thesis is therefore on the one hand to determine a notion of general linguistics, and on the other hand to study the main vicariant words in French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. We will see that vicariant words can be characterized by their incompleteness, by their abstract semantism and by the fact of being semantically neutral with regard to their antecedent. We will study from this point of view the verb faire, the que vicariant, the relative and interrogative pronouns, chose, truc, machin and bidule, the third-person pronouns, the pronouns y and en, the demonstrative pronouns and tous and tout, and, each time, their Italian, Spanish and Portuguese equivalents. Our approach is essentially based on Gustave Guillaume’s psychomecanics of language, which has the advantage of being a complete linguistics, since it considers the langue as well as the transition from this one to the discours. The psychomecanics of language postulates that the sense can be described as a movement of thought, and we will try to reconstruct this movement of thought for each one of the vicariant words we have enumerated
Mills, Charlene Frances. "Use of Language Learning Strategies by Proficient and Less Proficient Learners." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5045.
Full textTatjana, Miljković. "Uticaj dnevno-noćnog ritma arterijskog krvnog pritiska na funkciju i geometriju leve pretkomore i komore srca." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110084&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the changes that arterial hypertension by its dual mechanisms (circadian rhythm and its duration) leaves on the function and geometry of left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. Respondents and Methods: This study involved 180 subjects who were divided into examined groups in relation to the circadian arterial blood pressure rhythm during 24-hour monitoring of arterial blood pressure, as follows: group of subjects with preserved circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure consisted of a total of 90 subjects, and a group of those with impaired circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure also comprised 90 subjects. In each of these groups an additional division of subjects was performed according to the duration of arterial hypertension to those whose arterial hypertension lasted up to 5 years, those in whom it lasted 5-10 years and those with duration of arterial hypertension for more than 10 years. All participants received an incisional 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of arterial blood pressure, followed by an echocardiographic examination to determine the morphology parameters of the left atrium and ventricle, as well as the diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Results and discussion: after statistical data processing, results have been obtained indicating that diastolic dysfunction of a level greater than I statistically significantly more frequently (p = 0.011) was observed in those subjects who didn’t have preserved circardian rhythm of arterial blood pressure. A non-dipper circadian arterial blood pressure rhythm also led to an increase in the indexed left ventricular myocardial mass according to the body surface of the respondent (LVM / BSA) - p = 0.001; to the increase in the wall thickness of the left ventricle (IVS / PLW) - p = 0.025, as well as to the decrease in systolic myocardial velocity at the level of the septal portion of the mitral anulus (s') - p <0.0005. In addition, in the group of those with impaired circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure, a more frequent presence of eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium (p = 0.027) was observed. In relation to the geometry and left atrial function, the circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure led to a change in terms of an increase in the antro-posterior diameter of the left atrium (LA) -p = 0.003; maximum left ventricular volume in ventricular systole (LAVs) -p = 0.007; indexed LAVs according to the surface of the respondent’s body (LAVs / BSA) -p <, 0005; E / e 'ratio-p = 0.040; reservoar strain (PLAS) - p = 0.004; stiffness -p = 0.047, as well as the velocity propagation across the mitral opening (Vp) -p = 0.029. With increasing duration of arterial hypertension, changes in morphology and left atrial and left ventricular functions were also demonstrated. Diastolic dysfunction of a grade greater than I was rarely observed in the group of those who had been treating arterial hypertension for up to 5 years, and its presence in the investigated groups with duration of 5 to 10 years and for more than 10 years was statistically significantly more common (p <0.0005). Also, with the duration of arterial hypertension, the parameters of the left ventricle were also significantly changed-the same for which we showed that they were worsened when the circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure was not preserved, but beside that we noticed significant changes in the sense of the existence of less negative values of strain- the left ventricle global strain (LVGS) -p <0.0005. In a similar way to the circadial rhythm of arterial blood pressure, the prevalent form of myocardial left ventricular hypertrophy changed, and the presence of eccentric hypertrophy in patients with longer arterial hypertension duration was significantly more frequent (p = 0.017). In addition to these changes, with duration of arterial hypertension, changes in the following echocardiographic parameters of the left atrium (p <0.0005) were observed: LA, LAVs, LAVs / BSA, E / e ', PLAS, stiffness, Vp. Finally, a model for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction of a degree greater than I was formed and afterwards tested on 30 new subjects and it proved to be of good quality with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: arterial hypertension by its duration and day-night oscillations (rhythm) leads to changes in the function and geometry of the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. The latest echocardiographic parameters (PLAS, LVGS, stiffness) are good indicators of early changes of left atrium and left heart ventricle in patients with arterial hypertension.
Labyed, Amel. "Les Sophonisbe du XVIe siècle : textes et styles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040193.
Full textThe Sophonisbe of the sixteenth century, the first regular tragedy, work of an Italian theorist (Trissino), a translation in prose made by the undisputed master of versification (Mellin de Saint-Gelais) and by the one who is regarded as the best representative of elegant prose (Jacques Amyot), a second translation in alexandrine verse which is the artefact of a grammarian (Claude Mermet), is a corpus which can only sharpen the curiosity and arouse the interest. These works will be joined together here on the model of bilingual editions and followed by a glossary The linguistic study is centred on the alternatives and the variations, whether graphic and morphological when comparing the two French translations, and the lexical and the stylistic when source and target texts are compared. These analyses show to what extent the evolution of these authors, both in the proper and figurative meanings, influences a language which is still in need of elaboration and codification. The constant moves between France and Italy are paralleled by a linguistic reflexion which is done by meetings (official or not), "fights ", and the inter-penetration of the world of the other and the culture of the other. Translating to exceed the models and to illustrate "Vulgar Latin", to develop a language so that we have nothing to envy the others, to offer works whose style competes with that of Virgil, Homers or Cicero and to have a ̎beautiful language̎ and a literature with undeniable stylistics qualities, was undeniably the ambition of our translators
Phillips, Mary E. "Does the language of children born less than 28-weeks gestation differ from language-age matched pairs?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1401.
Full textGieszinger, Sabine. "The history of advertising language : the advertisements in "The Times " from 1788 to 1996 /." Frankfurt am Main (Allemagne) ; Berlin ; New-York : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38853574j.
Full textWinberg, Martin. "Les sentiments ambigus d'Ousmane Guèye : La négritude, la polygamie et l'homme sénégalais dans Un chant écarlate de Mariama Bâ." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1835.
Full textAcher, Mathieu. "Managing, multiple feature models : foundations, languages and applications." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4052.
Full textSoftware product Line (SPL) engineering is a paradigm shift towards modeling and developing software system families rather than individual systems. It focuses on the means of efficiently producing and maintaining multiple similar software products, exploiting what they have in common and managing what varies among them. Feature models (FMs) are a fundamental formalism for specifying and reasoning about commonality and variability of SPLs. FMs are becoming increasingly complex, handled by several stakeholders or organizations, used to describe features at various levels of abstraction and related in a variety of ways. Maintaining a single large FM is neither feasible nor desirable. Instead, multiple FMs are now used. In this thesis, we develop theoretical foundations and practical support for managing multiple FMs. We design and develop a set of composition and decomposition operators (aggregate, merge, slice) for supporting separation of concerns. The operators are formally defined, implemented with a fully automated algorithm and guarantee semantics properties. We show how the composition and decomposition operators can be combined together or with other reasoning and editing operators to realize complex tasks. We propose a textual language, FAMILIAR, which provides a practical solution for managing FMs on a large scale. We report various applications of the operators and usages of FAMILIAR in different domains (medical imaging, video surveillance) and for different purposes (scientific workflow design, variability modeling from requirements to runtime, reverse engineering), showing the applicability of both the operators and the supporting language
Delvaux, Véronique. "Contrôle et connaissance phonétique: les voyelles nasales du français." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211385.
Full textJmil, Fethi. "Les emprunts lexicaux dans le Coran entre l’approche linguistique et l’approche idéologique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20005.
Full textThe issue of “lexical borrowings in The Quran” is one of the first issues that had emerged since the beginning of the Arabic linguistic thought. Unfortunately, this issue was fruitless compared to other linguistic researches, because it has always been a subject of a great polemic among ancient and modern Arabic and non Arabic scholars. Some denied the fact that The Quran contains lexical borrowings, others admitted it. Many scholars were pushed by ideological motivations such as religious, nationalist, social, cultural motivations, especially those who denied the phenomenon.In this work, we tried first to evoke main linguistic and extra- linguistic problems concerning lexical borrowing in general, and the study of this phenomenon in the Quran especially. Then, we studied the two main approaches: (1) ideological approach which denies the existence of lexical borrowings in the Quran, or which admits it and tries meanwhile to glorify some languages and dishonour some others, (linguistic approach and its phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic analyses. After studying different approaches and their development, interference and interaction, we have elaborated a socio-linguistic perspective associated with some linguistic, referential and cultural criteria which allowed us to distinguish between two types of quranic words: words that we consider as real lexical borrowings, and genuine Arabic words. This study does not only shed the light on some ideological motivations which have affected linguistic research, but it also provides a crucial critical review of borrowing studies
Guilbault, Isabelle. "Les dictionnaires dans les systèmes de traduction automatique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ45222.pdf.
Full textPostolache, Irina. "Les relations interethniques entre les étudiants hongrois et roumains dans l’université « Babes-Bolyai »." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22007/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the interethnic relational process between the students from a so called multicultural Romanian university. This academic environment brings together Hungarians and Romanians. Both ethnic groups live in a common space-time- the Babes-Bolyai University of Transylvania- but are building different ethnic, regional or national identities. Transylvania’s time-history and time-memory participates in the construction of two opposing ethnic and national identities: one Hungarian and one Romanian. On the contrary, autobiographical memory adds in this respect a common regional identity for both ethnic groups. Space - factor and tool in the identity construction- is analized as ethnicized-space and also as student-space, common for both groups. Yet, in both cases, the appropriation of space may deepen ethnic boundaries. Language, another factor in the identity construction, is a direct manifestation of national, ethnic or even regional identity. It plays an essential role in the process of Self-identification and the identification of the Other, functioning as connecting or separation element. In some cases, language may represent an instrument or a cause of “symbolic” conflicts in the university. In this context, the implementation of multicultural policy is most evident at an institutional level and the dialogical characteristic claimed by critical multiculturalism is seen in special cases. The analysis elaborated in this sense is based on an anthropological field (2007-2012) concerning interethnic relations and the student way of living
Laberge, Ginette. "Utilisation des québécismes lexicaux par l'auteur-narrateur dans les Chroniques du Plateau Mont-Royal de Michel Tremblay /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textKentner, Gerrit. "Rhythmus-Syntax-Interaktion beim Lesen." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5423/.
Full textLarsson, Eva. "Les Différences culturelles entre la Suède et la France concernant les qualités typiques dans la vie professionnelle." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-571.
Full textIl y a beaucoup de livres qui essayent de décrire les cultures différentes. Ces livres traitent de choses qui sont vraiment typiquement suédoises et qui sont vraiment françaises. Il est difficile de savoir quelles choses sont vraies ou fausses.
La culture dans laquelle on passe son enfance joue un assez grand rôle dans la vie future, surtout pour la façon d’agir dans la vie professionnelle. Chaque personne a des qualités différentes et aussi chaque nationalité.
Est-ce que les livres diffusent les mêmes idées que les gens sur les caractéristiques de leurs propres pays et de l’autre pays, la Suède ou la France. Qu’est-ce que les Français pensent des Suédois et vice versa ?
Un arrière-plan de la notion de « culture » et des chapitres sur la façon dont une organisation fonctionne donneront des idées fondamentales avant d’entreprendre une comparaison entre les deux pays.
Mais aujourd’hui il y a beaucoup d’influence de toute l’Europe et le monde rétrécit toujours davantage. Cette petite recherche cherche à donner un aperçu sur la véracité prétendue ou réelle des caractéristiques particulières à chaque pays.
Mose, Patrick O. "A Phenomenological Study of Learner Autonomy in Less Commonly Taught Languages (Swahili)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1476790242625274.
Full textBrändström, Nyström Maja. "French is essentential because the school system demands it : Une étude sociolinguistique sur les attitudes envers le français aux Seychelles." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-151147.
Full textEriksson, Louise. "Mariage et sexualité dans Les Belles Images de Simone de Beauvoir - une comparaison avec les années 60 en France." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1145.
Full textDegueule, Thomas. "Composition and interoperability for external domain-specific language engineering." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S093/document.
Full textDevelopment and evolution of Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) is becoming recurrent in the development of complex software-intensive systems. However, despite many advances in Software Language Engineering (SLE), DSLs and their tooling still suffer from substantial development costs which hamper their successful adoption in the industry. We identify two main challenges to be addressed. First, the proliferation of independently developed and constantly evolving DSLs raises the problem of interoperability between similar languages and environments. Second, since DSLs and their environments suffer from high development costs, tools and methods must be provided to assist language designers and mitigate development costs. To address these challenges, we first propose the notion of language interface. Using language interfaces, one can vary or evolve the implementation of a DSL while retaining the compatibility with the services and environments defined on its interface. Then, we present a mechanism, named model polymorphism, for manipulating models through different language interfaces. Finally, we propose a meta-language that enables language designers to reuse legacy DSLs, compose them, extend them, and customize them to meet new requirements. We implement all our contributions in a new language workbench named Melange that supports the modular definition of DSLs and the interoperability of their tooling. We evaluate the ability of Melange to solve challenging SLE scenarios
Rocher, Hahlin Céline. "Motivation pour apprendre une langue étrangère – une question de visualisation? : Les effets de trois activités en cours de français sur la motivation d’élèves suédois." Licentiate thesis, Lunds universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-26955.
Full textMartinon, Philippe Martinon Philippe. "Les Strophes étude historique et critique sur les formes de la poésie lyrique en France depuis la Renaissance ; Suivi du Répertoire général de la strophe française depuis la Renaissance /." Genève : Slatkine Reprints, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20808904.html.
Full textReprint. Originally published: Paris : Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1911. Includes bibliographical references (p. [469]-500) and index.
Badiou-Monferran, Claire. "Les conjonctions de coordination ou "l'art de lier ses pensées" chez La Bruyère." Paris : Genève : H. Champion ; diff. Slatkine, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37107161p.
Full textThèse soutenue sous le titre : "La liaison du discontinu ou les conjonctions de coordination dans Les Caractères de La Bruyère : étude linguistique, stylistique et littéraire. Bibliogr. p. [593]-611. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Hayat, Omar Egueh. "Compétence communicative : : Pourquoi les élèves parlent-ils peu la langue cible en classe de FLE ?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97658.
Full textHousepian, Aline. "Les relations historiques-linguistiques hittito-arméniennes à travers les textes hittiles cunéiformes." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0017.
Full textThe history of 'Hittite' Anatolia is an important part of the history of the ancient Near East of the second millennium B.C.For a long time after the discovery of the Hittites, the research had focused on the heart of the Hittite Empire. With the exception of the Southeast, the peripheral areas gradually emerge from the shadows. It is in this perspective that this thesis takes place: the relations between the Hittite empire and the political entities situated in the East, whose territory had been considered the cradle of a people of obscure origin : the Armenians.A number of Hittite cuneiform inscriptions have been studies with tha aim of finding traces of the Proto-Armenians in Eastern Anatolia in the second millennium B.C.Our research constituted according to the following plan: Within the framework of the first chapter, we will examine the history of regional philology, including languages. We will present the schools of thought and the methods applied by the great Western and Soviet scholars of the 19th century for the classification of these neighboring regional languages which belong to different linguistic families.In the second chapter, we will study the historical geography of Eastern Anatolia (areas mentioned by Hittite and Armenian sources), considered the cradle of the Armenians.The third chapter was devoted to the comparative study of the Hittite-Armenian vocabulary. In the last chapter (chapter 4), we will present and study the Hittite texts relating to Eastern Anatolia
Ainola, Tiina. "(Dis)continuité référentielle en contexte dialogal. L'emploi du pronom personnel anaphorique après les séquences dialoguées." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030175.
Full textThis thesis explores the use of anaphoric personal pronoun in the narration following dialogue in literary text. The study is based on a nearly four hundred dialogue passages borrowed from XIXth century French novels. We have adopted the point of view that pronoun resolution is guided by the mental representation being constructed during discourse processing. All the expressions referring to characters, as well as implicit speakers in the absence of a reporting clause have been annotated in the passages. Besides the linguistic properties of referents, our study also considers dialogue’s alternating structure. After studying separately several features caracterizing a referent, such as +/– gender difference, +/– mentions in the narration before the dialogue, +/– being subject in the dialogue and +/– being speaker of the last quote, their combinations in chains were presented. Based on four different types of chains, a typology of transitions by referential (dis)continuity between narration, reporting clause and direct speech has been proposed. Of the studied features, the transitions are most influenced by the mentions of a referent in the narration before the dialogue and by different gender of discourse participants, but also by the referent being the speaker of the last line of the dialogue, while the fact of being the subject in the direct speech has less importance
Kistereva, Maria. "L'exemple dans les grammaires de l'Europe occidentale des XVe et XVIe siècles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209003.
Full textC’est à cette époque que la plupart des langues vernaculaires de l’Europe ont été soumises pour la première fois et de façon globale à une codification grammaticale :c’est alors qu’ont été rédigées ou publiées les premières grammaires italiennes (1430-1440), espagnoles (1492), allemandes (1534), portugaises (1536), néerlandaises (1584) et anglaises (1586) (cf. Percival, 1975 ;Padley, 1985 ;Swiggers, 1987).
Dans l’Europe romane, jusqu’au XVe siècle, seule la langue latine possédait le triple privilège de disposer d’une forme écrite, de jouir d’une description grammaticale et d’être, de ce fait, l’objet de réflexions scientifiques et d’enseignement. L’apparition de grammaires des langues romanes, langues vernaculaires accédant à un nouveau statut (celui de langue référentielle), est donc un événement majeur dans l’histoire des langues, dans l’histoire des idées, dans l’histoire de la réflexion que l’homme porte sur le langage, c’est-à-dire dans l’histoire de la linguistique et plus généralement dans l’histoire des sciences humaines.
Le fait que ces ouvrages appartiennent à une époque passée ne les empêche pas d’être au cœur de problématiques qui sont toujours d’actualité, notamment sur le plan de la didactique. En effet, dans le contexte de la tendance moderne à la standardisation des processus d’apprentissage (non seulement dans le domaine des sciences du langage, mais aussi dans les autres domaines de la science), les premières grammaires peuvent être considérées comme de nouvelles sources des sciences modernes. D’une part, les grammairiens de la Renaissance utilisaient les mêmes normes que les anciens, les scolasticiens et les humanistes ;d’autre part, chaque auteur voulait faire preuve d’originalité dans son ouvrage et c’est ainsi que les « écoles » nationales de langues sont apparues. Les grammaires de la Renaissance ont représenté pour leur époque une étape très importante dans le développement des sciences du langage, qu’elles représentent encore de nos jours.
Les auteurs d’études consacrées aux grammaires de cette période sont généralement attentifs au rôle de l’exemple, mais leurs travaux, peu nombreux, ne débouchent pas sur une étude circonstanciée des exemples dans ces grammaires. La question du bon usage et la question de la problématique de l’exemplification dans les ouvrages y sont abordées dans le contexte général de la normalisation des langues nationales dans des pays ou selon la forme de traité, mais les exemples n’y sont pas abordés en tant que tels et n’y constituent pas une problématique centrale.
À la lueur de ces différentes observations, nous nous donnerons comme objectif, dans cette thèse, de cerner le rôle joué par l’exemple grammatical dans l’émergence de ces nouvelles sciences que sont les sciences du langage à l’époque de la Renaissance. Notre recherche s’attachera tout particulièrement à observer l’exemple dans les traditions portugaises et françaises, au sein de la Romania, à partir d’un corpus constitué de dix traités.
Après le premier chapitre, strictement introductif, le chapitre 2 présentera les approches théoriques de l’exemple dans le contexte des grammaires, en décrivant le positionnement de la recherche par rapport à ces approches. Ensuite, les questions relatives au repérage de l’exemple seront abordées – marquage typographique, formes et fonctions de l’exemple dans le texte grammatical.
Le chapitre 3 sera consacré à la présentation de notre corpus. Nous commencerons d’abord par exposer la manière dont nous avons procédé pour le définir, ensuite, pour sélectionner les dix traités qu’il contient, et enfin pour le présenter en tant que tel. Cet exposé méthodologique sera suivi de la présentation des dix grammaires retenues, c’est-à-dire quatre grammaires pour le portugais, quatre grammaires pour le français, auxquelless s’ajoutent une grammaire pour l’italien et une pour l’espagnol qui font office de grammaires de contrôle.
Le chapitre 4 présente l’analyse détaillée de l’exemple dans chaque grammaire du corpus. Les grammaires y sont abordées dans l’ordre qui a été suivi dans le chapitre précédent, l’approche différant en ce que l’attention est portée ici exclusivement sur les exemples.
Alors que dans les chapitres 3 et 4 l’entrée en matière se fait par le biais des grammaires, dans le chapitre 5, elle se fera par le biais de l’exemple grammatical. Ce chapitre fait la synthèse de toutes les informations collectées dans les chapitres précédents pour les présenter de manière organisée, l’objectif étant d’établir une typologie des caractéristiques des exemples grammaticaux.
Le chapitre 6 déterminera les résultats et les conclusions principales de la présente thèse.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation linguistique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Meunier, Deborah. "Les représentations linguistiques des étudiants Erasmus et la vision plurilingue européenne: normes, discours, apprentissages." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209392.
Full textDoctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Pickering, William Alfred. "A fonologia xavante = uma revisitação." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270405.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Xavante é uma língua da família Jê, falada por aproximadamente 13.000 indígenas que vivem no estado do Mato Grosso. O presente trabalho descreve a fonologia segmental desta língua, utilizando a abordagem fonêmica encontrada no livro Phonemics (PIKE 1971[1947]). Embora a fonologia do Xavante já tenha sido tratada por outros autores, a análise apresentada aqui contém uma variedade de observações e interpretações novas, apresentando soluções para alguns problemas que não foram resolvidos em estudos anteriores. O primeiro capítulo descreve a metodologia usada na pesquisa. Dados foram coletados através da utilização de publicações anteriores, que serviram como guia no desenvolvimento de questionários delineados para solicitar tipos específicos de dados lingüísticos. A pesquisa baseia-se em grande parte em dados solicitados a um informante, indivíduo alfabetizado em Xavante e em Português, que foram comparados com a fala de outras pessoas da mesma região dialetal. O capítulo 2 contém um breve sumário do contexto histórico e lingüístico do povo Xavante e uma revisão da literatura lingüística relevante, composta principalmente de trabalhos feitos por missionários do Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) e da Missão Salesiana de Mato Grosso, além da dissertação de Quintino (2000). O terceiro capítulo começa com um sumário da abordagem teórico-metodológica encontrada no livro Phonemics (1971[1947]) de Kenneth Pike. Esta abordagem foi escolhida em parte porque as análises anteriores da fonologia Xavante foram feitas a partir desta perspectiva, e os problemas fonológicos na língua podem ser claramente compreendidos quando vistos à luz das virtudes e limitações da abordagem Pikeana. Uma análise abrangente de todos os fonemas segmentais da língua é apresentada em seguida, com base na perspectiva de Pike e em trabalhos anteriores, além de dados e novas análises. Os fonemas /z,?,?/ e os segmentos de coda [p,m,b] e [j,~j] são discutidos em detalhe e interpretados de uma forma diferente dos autores anteriores. A estrutura silábica é também analisada do ponto de vista Pikeano. O capítulo 4 descreve a evolução dos três diferentes sistemas ortográficos atualmente usados entre os Xavantes, mostrando que algumas das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos criadores destas ortografias refletem problemas na análise fonológica da língua. O capítulo 5 apresenta uma análise original dos segmentos de coda em Xavante. Um aspecto problemático da abordagem de Pike, decorrente do pressuposto de que fonemas são entidades indivisíveis, é discutido neste capítulo, bem como as tentativas de Burgess (1971) e Quintino (2000) de utilizar abordagens teóricas alternativas para analisar as codas em Xavante. Em seguida, apresenta-se o argumento de que as duas codas possíveis na língua, manifestadas respectivamente pelo conjunto neutralizado [p,m,b] e os alofones [j,~j], representam dois segmentos fonológicos em contraste fonêmico na posição final da sílaba. O capítulo 6 resume criticamente o conteúdo dos capítulos anteriores e um apêndice trata dos problemas não resolvidos relacionados ao acento, ao alongamento de vogais e às alterações morfofonológicas
Abstract: The present work reanalyzes the phonology of Xavante (Jê family, 13,000 speakers, Mato Grosso State, Brazil). Based on several previous analyses and the author's own fieldwork, the segmental phonology of the language is presented from the viewpoint of Pike's Phonemics. Syllable structure is defined with reference to the distribution of segments at phrase and morpheme boundaries. The phonological problems confronted by the creators of a spelling system for the language are also described. The distributional analysis of the syllable codas in the language is used to illustrate the problems with Pike's interpretation of neutralization. The attempts by Burgess (1971) and Quintino (2000) to use alternative theoretical approaches to analyze Xavante codas are discussed, and an original solution to the problem is presented. It is argued that the two possible codas in the language, manifested respectively by the neutralized group [p,b,m] and the allophones [j,~j], represent two phonological segments in phonemic contrast in syllable-final position. A brief discussion of unresolved problems related to accent, vowel length, and morphophonological alteration is also included
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
Johansson, Ulrika. "Les Traces scandinaves dans le français." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1338.
Full textA cause des pillages et des ravages des Vikings dans plusieurs régions de la France et du fait qu’ils se sont installés finalement en Normandie d’une façon permanent, ils ont du laisser certaines traces dans la langue française, comme leurs descendants l’ont fait plus tard en Angleterre après l’invasion en 1066. Avant l’invasion de Guillaume le Conquérant, les peuples d’Angleterre parlaient des langues germaniques, mais aujourd'hui l’anglais consiste dans sa plus grande partie de mots romans. Il est évident que la langue scandinave n’a pas eu la même force d’impact sur la langue française que la langue française sur l’anglais, mais on peut s’attendre à retrouver quelques traces.
Dans ce mémoire, je vais examiner quel rôle a joué la langue scandinave et quelles en sont les traces visibles aujourd’hui. A-t elle eu un impact profond qui a laissé de grandes empreintes sur la langue française ou est-ce que cette période de présence scandinave est-elle passée imperceptiblement ? S’il y a des vestiges dans le français, quels sont-ils dans ce cas, et dans quelles régions, aussi bien géographiques que linguistiques, se trouvent-ils ?
Je me concentrerai d’abord sur l’influence qu’ont eu les Vikings et la langue scandinave en Normandie, puisque c’était là qu’ils sont restés le plus longtemps et, par conséquent, il doit être probable qu’il y a des traces évidentes les plus fréquents.
Carrel-Bisagni, Lise Catherine. "Les représentations sociolinguistiques de l'irlandais et de son apprentissage : enquêtes dans des établissements secondaires de Galway (République d'Irlande)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958050.
Full textMorillon, Isabelle. "Les mots et l'esprit : vers une étude linguistique et critique du langage spectaculaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCH003.
Full textHe thesis focuses on a sample of written messages drawn from the daily environment. In the general framework of the relationship between language and power, the thesis consists in the analysis of written messages broadcast in daily life. The research is based on the collection of messages found on various media, including advertising displays. The thesis begins with the reception and use of the notions of newspeak and wooden tongue in their historical and contemporary context in order to show the topicality of linguistic and sociological questions about the relationship between language and power. The study of these two notions, through the linguistic and epistemological issues they involve, offers theoretical perspectives at two levels: that of the necessary relationship between the talking subject and the surrounding reality; that of the broader linguistic ideologies which aim at the advent of a perfect and universal language: that of a new man. The sample of written messages established in the framework of the thesis leads to a method of lexical and conceptual analysis so as to identify the vision of the world at work in this type of speech, necessarily intrusive
Krupa, Renata. "Les injonctions en polonais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040192.
Full textThe analysis of the injunctions in Polish is carried out within the pragmatic and enunciation theoretical framework. The injunction is defined as an illocutionary directive act which aims at the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the action by the hearer. The author starts by presupposing that there is no shape of statement which conveys in itself the injunctive value. Only the actualizing of a statement in a given context allows to define the injunctive value which appears as a continuum going from soft injunction to categorical injunction. The actualizing in question asks for combination and interaction between the situation of speaking, the various semantic, syntactic, meta-informative and expressive markers, and the taking into account of the extra-linguistic factors. The concept of injunction allows to notice the supremacy of the functional criterion (the purpose of the injunction) over the purely formal criterion (the structure of the injunction). The notion of honorification offers a frame of description allowing to acknowledge the differences between the not-distant domain and the distant domain, which leads to establishing a hierarchy between diverse injunctive uses
Couture, Guillaume. "Les orthographes particulières des formes verbales du type romps, vaincs, réponds, couds et perds analysées dans un cadre de grammaire raisonnée /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBrenning, Jana. "Les co-constructions syntaxiques en allemand parlé." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0882.
Full textApplying the methods of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, especially the methodological framework of Auer`s on-line syntax, this study focused on syntactic co-constructions in spoken German i.e. the production of one syntactic gestalt by two speakers.The study is based on a data set of 199 co-constructed syntactic completions which are taken from audio and video recordings of German everyday conversation and informal interviews. First, we present a syntactic and prosodic analysis of the co-constructed syntactic gestalts. An analysis in terms of projections and retractions revealed the syntactic and temporal organization of the co-constructed units. Syntax turned out to be a crucial resource speakers rely on in order to complete the preliminary speaker’s syntactic gestalt. However, the prosodic, semantic and pragmatic levels are also important for the second speaker to anticipate a possible completion. Furthermore, the study also showed that retractions in the second speaker’s completion can be explained by syntactic constraints and by the interactional function of the completion. Second, the analysis focused on the sequential organization of the co-constructions. We discussed three ways in which the receipt slot, i.e. the sequential position where the first speaker can accept or reject the suggested completion, can be filled: delayed completions (affiliative and non-affiliative), acknowledgment of the completion and a new turn of the first speaker. Finally the interactional functions of the co-constructions were described. The co-construction of one syntactic unit by two speakers is a multifunctional strategy which is often used to show understanding and agreement, but which can also be found in competitive contexts and can be exploited for turn-taking. Our study shows that the syntactic and sequential structure of interactional phenomena like co-constructions can only be analyzed if we consider their temporal emergence. This allows us to make a contribution to the description of how grammar is exploited to build accountable actions
Leduc, Manuel. "On modularity and performances of external domain-specific language implementations." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S112.
Full textModel-Driven Engineering (MDE) aims at supporting Domain Experts when developing complex systems, by separating concerns through the use of models. Models are representations of specific aspects of a system and are defined using relevant abstractions. Such abstractions are defined using Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs). DSLs are created with specialized Integrated Development Environment (IDE), called language workbenches. Language workbenches assist the engineering of languages by offering useful language abstractions. First, these abstractions have the benefit of providing the relevant level of abstraction for the specification of languages. Second, they address the concerns inherent to software development, such as modularity or testability. However, the benefits of these abstractions can be lost when translated to language service implementations (e.g., editors, interpreters, debuggers). This has many drawbacks, especially in terms of reusability and performance. Domain Experts are subject to these limitations and are forced to reason in terms of the low-level intricacies of language services implementation. These problems can be alleviated by exploiting the information provided by the abstractions available in the DSL specifications. To do so, we propose two new implementation patterns supporting reuse and performances, and a systematic translation of language specifications to these patterns. The first implementation pattern tackles language reuse and is called REVISITOR. The REVISITOR pattern allows the safe and modular reuse of languages, both syntactically and semantically, while relying solely on mainstream object-oriented programming concepts. The second implementation pattern addresses language performances. Language performances are improved by introducing language-specific optimizations. These optimizations are automatically introduced without being intrusive of the usual language development methods. We seamlessly implement our approaches on top of the Eclipse IDE ecosystem by using two metalanguages: Ecore and ALE. Ecore supports the specification of abstract syntaxes in the form of metamodels. Ecore is provided by the de facto industrial standard Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). ALE supports the modular specification of language semantics on top of Ecore metamodels. We provide two compilers for these metalanguages. They support respectively the compilation of language specifications to the REVISITOR pattern and the automatic introduction of performance-specific optimizations in DSL interpreter implementations. We evaluate the benefits of our approaches by implementing a varied selection of heterogeneous DSLs. Our contributions make possible the implementation of reusable or efficient DSLs for Domain Experts — while currently separated, future work aims to integrate them. In practice, our approach is both non-intrusive of the usual methodology of language engineering and based on automated code generation. Consequently, our approach is directly applicable to industrial contexts and can be integrated with legacy DSLs artifacts
Jovana, Pušac. "Уговор о закупу пословних зграда и просторија." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=102038&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textSavremeno društvo počiva na principima tržišne ekonomije koju, u pravilu, prati ubrzan proces proizvodnje i prometa, te jačanje ekonomske samostalnosti privrednih subjekata. Otuda je i razumljiva potreba ovih subjekata da svoje privredne ciljeve ostvaruju na što efikasniji i ekonomičniji način. Jedan od njih je i pribavljanje upotrebne vrednosti određenog dobra putem zakupa, pri čemu se, kao najrasprostranjeniji pravno - ekonomski oblik zakupa, javlja zakup poslovnih zgrada i prostorija. Ovaj obligacioni odnos odlikuje niz specifičnih elemenata što ga, spram zakupa u opštem smislu, čini odnosom differentia specifica. Upravo ta posebna obeležja ugovora o zakupu poslovnih zgrada i prostorija, posmatrana kroz etape njegovog rađanja, stvaranja prava i obaveza njegovih učesnika i, najzad, specificitet njegovog gašenja, čine okosnicu ovog istraživanja.Istraživanje obuhvata sedam tematskih celina, pri čemu rezultati uporednopravne analize ovog instituta u evrokontinentalnim pravnim sistemima (svim državama bivše Jugoslavije, Ruskoj Federaciji, Švajcarskoj, Austriji, Nemačkoj, Francuskoj i Italiji), te u anglosaksonskom pravnom krugu (Velikoj Britaniji i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama) prožimaju celokupnu materiju disertacije.Pružanje naučno utemeljenih i aktuelnom sudskom praksom potkrepljenih argumenata za novo i moderno normativno uređenje zakupa poslovnih prostorija u pravnim sistemima Republike Srpske i Republike Srbije, po uzoru na savremene tendencije u uporednom pravu, predstavlja osnovni motiv istraživanja. U isti mah, svrha ovog naučnog poduhvata iscrpljuje se i u težnji da se potencijalnim subjektima ugovora o zakupu poslovnih zgrada i prostorija pruži mogućnost za preciznim utanačenjem ugovornih volja (pravnih i ekonomskih interesa) kako bi se predupredili sudski sporovi ili makar doprinelo bržem i efikasnijem rešavanju istih, te kako bi se strane motivisale za poštovanje svoje ugovorne discipline.
Modern society is based on the principles of market economy, which, as a rule, follows an accelerated process of production and trade, and strengthening the economic independence of economic entities. Hence there is a clean need these entities to achieve their business objectives in the most efficient and economical way. One of them is the acquiring use value for certain goods through lease, in which, as the most widely used legal - economic forms of lease, appears lease of commercial buildings and premises. This contractual relationship is characterized by a set of specific elements of it, towards the basic type of lease, seems relations differentia specifica. Just these special characteristics of the lease contract of commercial buildings and premises, seen through the stages of its genesis, the creation of rights and obligations of its participants, and finally, through the specificity of its termination, are the backbone of this research.Research includes seven thematic parts, whereby the results of the comparative analysis of this institute in the continental law systems (all countries of former Yugoslavia, the Russian Federation, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, France and Italy) and in common law jurisdictions (the UK and the United States) permeate the entire matter of the dissertation.Providing scientifically justified, a current jurisprudence substantiated arguments for a new and modern normative regulation of a lease of business premises in the legal systems of the Republic of Srpska and Republic of Serbia, modeled on contemporary trends in comparative law, is the basic motive of the research. At the same time, the purpose of this scientific project consists in striving to provide to potential subjects of the lease contract of commercial buildings an opportunity for precise contractual stipulations about legal and economic interests in order to prevent litigation, or at least contribute to a faster and more efficient resolution of the same, and to motivate the parties to respect their contractual discipline.
Bohn, Christiane, and Reinhold Kliegl. "Zur Interaktion von Verarbeitungstiefe und dem Wortvorhersagbarkeitseffekt beim Lesen von Sätzen." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5703/.
Full textBoukri, Sarah. "Les motivations d'adhésion du Maroc à l'espace géoculturel francophone." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30036/document.
Full textSince the Cold War bipolar dissolution, globalization has emerged as an incontestable, ever-expanding phenomenon. The evolution of globalization towards the cultural sphere has caused several issues. As geo-economic spheres have emerged in order to facilitate and harmonize commercial exchanges between countries; and as geopolitical spheres have been created with the view to ensure a peaceful coexistence between States – so in the same fashion has the concept of geo-cultural unions been birthed, with the vision to create spaces dedicated to the third dialogue, that of cultures. In order to illustrate this relationship between States and geo-cultural unions, we have studied the case of the relations between Morocco and the Francophone geo-cultural sphere. The Francophone world is a union that sets itself apart by its refusal of the current globalization and that promotes a more humanistic globalization, respectful of people groups and their differences. Since Morocco, a country laden with a very specific identity and a linguistic singularity, joined the Francophone union in 1981, the relationship between the Kingdom and the Francophone union has constantly evolved. It however gives birth to many interrogations
Tombrock, Anna. "Lesen und lernen : Eine Analyse von Textarten und ihren Funktionen in Lehrbüchern für Deutsch als Fremdsprache." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-179829.
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