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1

Haber, Stacy L., Gelila Fente, Skylar N. Fenton, et al. "Lesinurad: A Novel Agent for Management of Chronic Gout." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 52, no. 7 (2018): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028018762103.

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Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of lesinurad and determine its role relative to other agents in the management of chronic gout. Data Sources: A PubMed search (1946 to February 2018) using the terms lesinurad and RDEA594 was conducted to identify relevant articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: In vitro or in vivo evaluations of lesinurad published in the English language were eligible for inclusion. Phase II and III trials were selected for review of efficacy and safety. Data Synthesis: Five clinical trials were evaluated. In 4 trials in which lesinurad was used in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), a greater percentage of patients receiving lesinurad 200 mg (54.0%-63.0%) compared with placebo (23.3%-46.8%) achieved a serum uric acid (sUA) level of <6 mg/dL at 1 to 6 months. In one trial involving lesinurad used as monotherapy, a sUA level of <6 mg/dL was achieved by a significantly greater percentage of patients receiving lesinurad 400 mg (29.9%) compared with placebo (1.9%) at 6 months. When used as combination therapy, the drug had an acceptable safety profile, with upper-respiratory-tract infection, nasopharyngitis, and hypertension occurring most commonly and transient renal-related events detected less frequently. Conclusions: Lesinurad has a novel mechanism of action and is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic gout. At this time, lesinurad may be considered as an add-on therapy for patients who have an inadequate response to maximum tolerated doses of a XOI.
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2

Bardin, Thomas, Robert T. Keenan, Puja P. Khanna, et al. "Lesinurad in combination with allopurinol: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with gout with inadequate response to standard of care (the multinational CLEAR 2 study)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 5 (2016): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209213.

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ObjectivesDetermine the efficacy and safety of daily lesinurad (200 or 400 mg orally) added to allopurinol in patients with serum uric acid (sUA) above target in a 12-month, randomised, phase III trial.MethodsPatients on allopurinol ≥300 mg (≥200 mg in moderate renal impairment) had sUA level of ≥6.5 mg/dL (≥387 µmol/L) at screening and two or more gout flares in the prior year. Primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving sUA level of <6.0 mg/dL (<357 µmol/L) (month 6). Key secondary end points were mean gout flare rate requiring treatment (months 7 through 12) and proportions of patients with complete resolution of one or more target tophi (month 12). Safety assessments included adverse events and laboratory data.ResultsPatients (n=610) were predominantly male, with mean (±SD) age 51.2±10.90 years, gout duration 11.5±9.26 years and baseline sUA of 6.9±1.2 mg/dL (410±71 µmol/L). Lesinurad at 200 and 400 mg doses, added to allopurinol, significantly increased proportions of patients achieving sUA target versus allopurinol-alone therapy by month 6 (55.4%, 66.5% and 23.3%, respectively, p<0.0001 both lesinurad+allopurinol groups). In key secondary end points, there were no statistically significant treatment-group differences favouring lesinurad. Lesinurad was generally well tolerated; the 200 mg dose had a safety profile comparable with allopurinol-alone therapy. Renal-related adverse events occurred in 5.9% of lesinurad 200 mg+allopurinol, 15.0% of lesinurad 400 mg+allopurinol and 4.9% of allopurinol-alone groups, with serum creatinine elevation of ≥1.5× baseline in 5.9%, 15.0% and 3.4%, respectively. Serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 4.4% of lesinurad 200 mg+allopurinol, in 9.5% of lesinurad 400 mg+allopurinol and in 3.9% of allopurinol-alone groups, respectively.ConclusionLesinurad added to allopurinol demonstrated superior sUA lowering versus allopurinol-alone therapy and lesinurad 200 mg was generally well tolerated in patients with gout warranting additional therapy.Trial registration numberNCT01493531.
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3

Huneycutt, Emily, Chase Board, and Jennifer N. Clements. "Lesinurad, a Selective URAT-1 Inhibitor With a Novel Mechanism in Combination With a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, for Hyperuricemia Associated With Gout." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 31, no. 6 (2017): 670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190017734427.

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Objective: To review the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and role of lesinurad for the management of hyperuricemia associated with gout. Data Selection: A MEDLINE search (2000 to April 2017) was conducted using the terms hyperuricemia, gout, URAT-1, URAT-1 transporter, and lesinurad. Published articles and scientific posters relevant to the efficacy and safety of lesinurad were reviewed and summarized. Data Synthesis: Lesinurad was evaluated in 3 randomized, phase 3 clinical trials (CRYSTAL, CLEAR 1 and 2). The primary endpoint for CRYSTAL trial was the percentage of patients achieving serum uric acid (SUA) concentration ≤ 5 mg/dL. The CLEAR 1 and 2 trials had a primary endpoint of percentage of patients achieving SUA concentration ≤ 6 mg/dL. Lesinurad at either 200 or 400 mg/d was superior to xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) monotherapy in reducing the SUA concentration to 5 or 6 mg/dL, when added to either allopurinol or febuxostat. Conclusion: Data from phase 3 clinical studies suggest the addition of lesinurad to allopurinol or febuxostat is superior to XOI monotherapy alone in reducing SUA concentrations while increasing the risk of renal-related adverse events. Lesinurad, 200 mg orally per day, would be a safe recommendation, in combination with an XOI, among patients with adequate renal function (i.e., above 45 mL/min) who need additional therapy for inadequately controlled hyperuricemia associated with gout.
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4

Pema, K. M. "Lesinurad sodium." Drugs of the Future 36, no. 12 (2011): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2011.036.12.1665561.

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5

Pema, K. M. "Lesinurad sodium." Drugs of the Future 36, no. 12 (2011): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2011.36.12.1665561.

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6

Palanisamy, Vasanthi, Palash Sanphui, Muthuramalingam Prakash, and Vladimir Chernyshev. "Multicomponent solid forms of the uric acid reabsorption inhibitor lesinurad and cocrystal polymorphs with urea: DFT simulation and solubility study." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 8 (2019): 1102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619008829.

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Lesinurad (systematic name: 2-{[5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl}acetic acid, C17H14BrN3O2S) is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor related to gout, which exhibits poor aqueous solubility. High-throughput solid-form screening was performed to screen for new solid forms with improved pharmaceutically relevant properties. During polymorph screening, we obtained two solvates with methanol (CH3OH) and ethanol (C2H5OH). Binary systems with caffeine (systematic name: 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, C8H10N4O2) and nicotinamide (C6H6N2O), polymorphs with urea (CH4N2O) and eutectics with similar drugs, like allopurinol and febuxostat, were prepared using the crystal engineering approach. All these novel solid forms were confirmed by XRD, DSC and FT–IR. The crystal structures were solved by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures indicate that the lesinurad molecule is highly flexible and the triazole moiety, along with the rotatable thioacetic acid (side chain) and cyclopropane ring, is almost perpendicular to the planar naphthalene moiety. The carboxylic acid–triazole heterosynthon in the drug is interrupted by the presence of methanol and ethanol molecules in their crystal structures and forms intermolecular macrocyclic rings. The caffeine cocrystal maintains the consistency of the acid–triazole heterosynthons as in the drug and, in addition, they are bound by several auxiliary interactions. In the binary system of nicotinamide and urea, the acid–triazole heterosynthon is replaced by an acid–amide synthon. Among the urea cocrystal polymorphs, Form I (P\overline{1}, 1:1) consists of an acid–amide (urea) heterodimer, whereas in Form II (P21/c, 2:2), both acid–amide heterosynthons and urea–urea dimers co-exist. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further support the experimentally observed synthon hierarchies in the cocrystals. Aqueous solubility experiments of lesinurad and its binary solids in pH 5 acetate buffer medium indicate the apparent solubility order lesinurad–urea Form I (43-fold) > lesinurad–caffeine (20-fold) > lesinurad–allopurinol (12-fold) ≃ lesinurad–nicotinamide (11-fold) > lesinurad, and this order is correlated with the crystal structures.
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7

Klein, Robert W., Shaum Kabadi, Frank N. Cinfio, Christopher A. Bly, Douglas CA Taylor, and Keith A. Szymanski. "Budget impact of adding lesinurad for second-line treatment of gout: a US health plan perspective." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 7, no. 8 (2018): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2017-0103.

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Aim: To estimate budget impact of adopting lesinurad as add-on to allopurinol for urate-lowering therapy in gout. Methods: A budget impact model was developed for a US payer perspective, using a Markov model to estimate costs, survival and discontinuation in a one-million-member health plan. The population included patients failing first-line gout therapy, followed for 5 years. Results: Incremental costs of adding lesinurad versus no lesinurad were US$241,907 and US$1,098,220 in first and fifth years, respectively. Cumulative 5-year incremental cost was US$3,633,440. Estimated incremental mean cost per treated patient with gout per year was US$112. The mean per-member per-month cost increased by US$0.06. Conclusion: Initiating lesinurad would result in an incremental per-member per-month cost of US$0.06 over 5 years.
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8

Ramanjaneyulu, K. V., K. Venkata Ramana, and M. Prasada Rao. "A New Validated Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Quantification of Allopurinol and Lesinurad in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2020.ajomc-p244.

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The objective of this study was to develop and validate a method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of allopurinol and lesinurad in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. An isocratic HPLC analysis method using a reverse phase Waters spherisorb ODS1 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) and a simple mobile phase without buffer was developed, optimized and fully validated. Analyses were carried out at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min at 50 °C and monitored at 246 nm. This HPLC method exhibited good linearity, accuracy and selectivity. The recovery (accuracy) of both allopurinol and lesinurad from all matrices was greater than 98 %. The allopurinol and lesinurad peak detected in the samples of a forced degradation study and no interference of excepients or the degradation products formed during stress study. The method was rugged with good intra- and inter-day precision and sensitive. This stability indicating HPLC method was selective, accurate and precise for the simultaneous analysis of allopurinol and lesinurad in pharmaceutical formulations.
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9

Zhou, Dongmei, Lifang Sun, Mai Nguyen, Li Tain Yeh, and David M. Wilson. "The Effects of Special Patient Population Plasma on Pharmacokinetic Quantifications Using LC-MS/MS." Drug Metabolism Letters 13, no. 2 (2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872312813666191015162634.

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Background: Clinical development of lesinurad, a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, required analysis of lesinurad in plasma from special patient populations. Methods: EMA and FDA bioanalytical method validation guidance have recommended studying matrix effects on quantitation if samples from special patient populations are to be analyzed. In addition to lesinurad (plasma protein binding 98.2%), the matrix effects from special population plasma on the quantitation of verapamil (PPB 89.6%), allopurinol and oxypurinol (PPB negligible) were also investigated. Results: The plasma from special population patients had no matrix effects on the three quantification methods with stable isotope labeled internal standard, protein precipitation extraction, and LC-MS/MS detection. The validated lesinurad plasma quantification method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic evaluations to support the clinical studies in renal impaired patients. Conclusion: Special population plasma did not affect quantitation of drugs with a wide range of plasma protein binding levels in human plasma. With the confirmation that there is no impact on quantification from the matrix, the bioanalytical method can be used to support the pharmacokinetic evaluations for clinical studies in special populations.
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10

Sriram, Damal Kandadai, Surendran Venkatesan, and Melvin George. "Lesinurad: a novel therapeutic option in the pharmacotherapy of gout." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 1 (2016): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20164783.

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Gout is characterized by painful joint inflammation, most commonly in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, resulting from precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in a joint space. Current therapies for chronic gout include mainly allopurinol and febuxostat. Inspite of the availability of these medications for several years, a significant number of patients do not have adequate control of uric acid levels resulting in acute gout flares. Lesinurad is the most recent drug molecule approved by US FDA & EMA for the treatment of gout in patients with uncontrolled gout along with allopurinol. Lesinurad prevents reabsorption of uric acid from the renal tubules, resulting in uricosuria. The efficacy of the lesinurad was demonstrated in three randomized phase 3 controlled clinical trials where the drug was primarily evaluated in the setting of background therapy with allopurinol or febuxostat. There is a definite risk of nephrotoxicity with monotherapy and when the drug is used in patients who have inadequate renal function. The drug does appear to be relatively safe, though the inconclusive cardiovascular safety of the drug has prompted the regulatory agency to mandate post marketing trials to evaluate the safety of this molecule. Nevertheless, lesinurad does appear to have a lot of promise as a front line drug molecule in the control of hyperuricemia.
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11

Hussar, Daniel A., and Maggie Gandhi. "Eluxadoline, Lesinurad, and Idarucizumab." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 56, no. 3 (2016): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2016.04.559.

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12

Hoy, Sheridan M. "Lesinurad: First Global Approval." Drugs 76, no. 4 (2016): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40265-016-0550-y.

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13

Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, John S. Sundy, Jeffrey N. Miner, Matthew Cravets, and Chris Storgard. "Lesinurad in combination with allopurinol: results of a phase 2, randomised, double-blind study in patients with gout with an inadequate response to allopurinol." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75, no. 6 (2016): 1074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207919.

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ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of lesinurad, an oral selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, in combination with allopurinol versus allopurinol alone in patients with gout and an inadequate response to allopurinol.MethodsPatients (N=227) with an inadequate response to allopurinol, defined as serum urate (sUA) ≥6 mg/dL on ≥2 occasions ≥2 weeks apart despite ≥6 weeks of allopurinol, were randomised 2:1 to 4 weeks of double-blind treatment with lesinurad (200, 400 or 600 mg/day) or matching placebo in combination with their prestudy allopurinol dose (200–600 mg/day). Colchicine prophylaxis for gout flares was required. The primary end point was percent reduction from baseline sUA levels at 4 weeks. A pharmacokinetic substudy was also conducted. Safety was assessed throughout.ResultsPatients (n=208) received ≥1 dose of blinded medication. Lesinurad 200, 400 and 600 mg in combination with allopurinol produced significant mean percent reductions from baseline sUA of 16%, 22% and 30%, respectively, versus a mean 3% increase with placebo (p<0.0001, all doses vs placebo). Similar results were observed in patients with mild or moderate renal insufficiency (estimated creatinine clearance 30 to <90 mL/min). The incidence of ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event was 46%, 48% and 54% with lesinurad 200, 400 and 600 mg, respectively, and 46% with placebo (most frequent, gout flares, arthralgia, headache and nasopharyngitis), with no deaths or serious adverse events.ConclusionsLesinurad achieves clinically relevant and statistically significant reductions in sUA in combination with allopurinol in patients who warrant additional therapy on allopurinol alone.Trial registration numberNCT01001338.
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14

Damião, Mariana C. F. C. B., Henrique M. Marçon, and Julio Cezar Pastre. "Continuous flow synthesis of the URAT1 inhibitor lesinurad." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 5 (2020): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9re00483a.

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Attia, K. A., N. M. El-Abassawi, A. El-Olemy, and A. H. Abdelazim. "Second derivative spectrophotometric and synchronous spectrofluorometric determination of lesinurad in the presence of its oxidative degradation product." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 2 (2018): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03809g.

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B., Rama Rao a. *. V. Venkata Rao b. B.S. Venkateswarlu c. "DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF REVERSED-PHASE HPLC ISOCRATIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LESINURAD AND ALLOPURINOL." Journal of Pharma Research 7, no. 11 (2018): 257–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1789458.

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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>A</em></strong><em>n isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatograpic assay method was developed for the quantitative determination of Lesinurad and Allopurinol. A Inetsil C-18, 5 &micro;m column with a mobile phase containing </em><em>Acetonitrile: Methanol: 0.1% Triethylamine buffer (pH-adjusted to 3 using o-phosphoric acid) 25:35:40 (v/v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 250 nm. The retention times of oxycodone and naltrexone were 5.57 min and 2.60min, respectively. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. </em> <strong><em>KEYWORDS: </em></strong><em>RP-HPLC, Lesinurad, Allopurinol, Method validation.</em>
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Ms., P. Saisireesha, and Ganesh M. "Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Allopurinol and Lesinurad in Bulk and its Dosage Form." International Journal of Current Research and Techniques 15, no. 2 (2025): 50834–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15598316.

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For the simultaneous estimation of Allopurinol and Lesinurad in bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage forms, a novel, precise, and stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated. An Inertsil ODS C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile in a 70:30 v/v ratio was used to optimize the chromatographic separation. The detection was carried out at a wavelength of 255 nm, with the flow rate maintained at 1.5 ml/min. With correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.999 for both drugs, the method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and demonstrated excellent linearity over the concentration ranges of 75&ndash;375 g/ml for Allopurinol and 50&ndash;250 g/ml for Lesinurad. Studies of precision revealed %RSD values below 2%, confirming intermediate precision and repeatability. Recovery studies provided evidence of accuracy, with results ranging from 100.60 percent to 99.14 percent. Additionally, the method was able to withstand deliberate changes in flow rate and mobile phase composition. The method's ability to indicate stability was confirmed by forced degradation tests conducted in thermal, photolytic, acidic, basic, oxidative, and thermal conditions. The validated method is suitable for routine quality control, assay, and stability analysis of Allopurinol and Lesinurad in pharmaceutical preparations due to its simplicity, sensitivity, and dependability.
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Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Binbin Zheng-Lin, Lara Valiño-Rivas, et al. "Lesinurad: what the nephrologist should know." Clinical Kidney Journal 10, no. 5 (2017): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfx036.

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Wang, Jianfei, Wenqin Zeng, Shaohua Li, et al. "Discovery and Assessment of Atropisomers of (±)-Lesinurad." ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 8, no. 3 (2017): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00465.

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20

Deeks, Emma D. "Lesinurad: A Review in Hyperuricaemia of Gout." Drugs & Aging 34, no. 5 (2017): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-017-0461-y.

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21

ZOLER, MITCHEL L. "Lesinurad Cuts Uric Acid in Refractory Gout." Rheumatology News 10, no. 8 (2011): 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1541-9800(11)70515-4.

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Hiền, Nguyễn Thu, Hoàng Thị Thu Yến та Đỗ Hà Thanh. "Y HỌC CÁ THỂ HÓA TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH GOUT". TNU Journal of Science and Technology 229, № 09 (2024): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.10372.

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Trong điều trị gout, celecoxib được sử dụng để điều trị viêm, sốt và đau, còn allopurinol, lesinurad và pegloticase được kê đơn để làm giảm nồng độ uric acid máu. Biến thể CYP2C9*2 và CYP2C9*3 gene CYP2C9, HLA-B*58:01 gene HLA-B và một số biến thể gene gây nên thiếu G6PD (Viangchan, Canton, …) liên quan đến các phản ứng có hại khi điều trị gout sử dụng các thuốc trên. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi phân tích đặc điểm bệnh lý, phương pháp điều trị gout, sự phân bố của CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, HLA-B*58:01, Viangchan và mối liên quan với các phản ứng có hại trong điều trị gout. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy, celecoxib và lesinurad được chuyển hóa chủ yếu bởi CYP2C9. CYP2C9*2 và CYP2C9*3 gây giảm hoạt tính CYP2C9 dẫn đến nguy cơ biến cố tim mạch và đường tiêu hóa khi sử dụng thuốc celecoxib, trong khi lesinurad gây nên các vấn đề về thận và tim mạch. Bệnh nhân mang HLA-B*58:01 hoặc thiếu G6PD được khuyến cáo không sử dụng allopuriol hoặc pegloticase do gây nên phản ứng có hại nghiêm trọng ở da, tan máu và methemoglobin huyết có thể dẫn đến tử vong. CYP2C9*3, HLA-B*58:01, Viangchan chiếm tỷ lệ không nhỏ ở người Việt Nam và các nước châu Á. Kết quả phân tích này là cơ sở để nghiên cứu xây dựng liệu pháp điều trị y học cá thể hóa nhằm tối ưu hóa hiệu quả điều trị và nâng cao chất lượng cuộc sống cho bệnh nhân gout.
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Kuznar, W., and K. Saag. "Lesinurad Provides Additional Lowering of SUA in Gout." MD Conference Express 14, no. 51 (2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155989771451006.

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ARICI, Merve, Tugce BORAN, and Gül ÖZHAN. "Evaluation of lesinurad-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyoblastic cells." Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26(6), no. 26(6) (2022): 1893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/jrp.279.

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Tausche, Anne-Kathrin, and Monika Reuss-Borst. "Kristallarthritiden." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 144, no. 15 (2019): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0857-0916.

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Was ist neu? Kristallarthritiden – Mikroskopie für die Diagnose essenziell Für die Diagnosesicherung der Kristallarthritiden ist für den Rheumatologen der mikroskopische Nachweis von Harnsäure- und/oder Kalziumpyrophosphat-Kristallen rasch bettseitig durchführbar. Ist eine Punktion nicht möglich, kann die Dual-Energy-Computertomografie helfen, Harnsäurekristalle sichtbar zu machen. Gemeinsame Pathophysiologie der Kristall-vermittelten Entzündung Kristalle stellen „Gefahrensignale“ für das angeborene Immunsystem dar. Die unmittelbare Freisetzung von Interleukin 1β erklärt die anfallsartige Klinik, die allen Kristallarthritiden gemeinsam ist. Antientzündliche Therapie der Kristallarthritiden Neben unspezifisch wirkenden antientzündlichen Therapien erklärt die gemeinsame Pathophysiologie (Aktivierung des Inflammasom-Komplexes und Interleukin-1β-Freisetzung) die Wirksamkeit von IL-1β-Antikörper-Therapien. Niedrig dosiertes Colchicin ist zur Anfallstherapie und in der Prophylaxe von entzündlichen Schüben eine wertvolle Therapieoption. Kausale Therapie mit guter Evidenz bisher nur für die Gicht Nur durch eine langfristige konsequente Harnsäuresenkung unter den Harnsäurezielwert &lt; 360 µmol/l (&lt; 6 mg/dl) kann eine dauerhafte Remission der Gicht erreicht werden. Patienten mit dekompensierter Herzinsuffizienz und instabiler KHK sollten nicht primär Febuxostat erhalten. Die neue Kombinationsmöglichkeit von Allopurinol mit dem Urikosurikum Lesinurad wäre gerade für diese Patienten eine Alternative; aktuell ist Lesinurad in Deutschland (noch) nicht erstattungsfähig.
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Elbaz, Heba M., Amr M. Mahmoud, Mamdouh R. Rezk, Mohamed I. El-Awady, and Hoda M. Marzouk. "Eco-Friendly Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Determination of Lesinurad in Its Pharmaceutical Formulation and in the Presence of Its Degradation Products." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 8 (2024): 087510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6a98.

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The objective of the present study was to create solid contact ion selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) for the purpose of selectively determining lesinurad (LES) in both its pure form and pharmaceutical dosage form where potential degradation products and impurities may be present. To achieve that goal, an electrochemical sensor with graphene nanomaterial as an ion-to-electron transducer was constructed using the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a substrate. A number of plasticizers were tested to find the best plasticizer for creating the potentiometric sensors, where 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE) revealed the optimum response and nearly Nernstian slope. Sensor was characterized and the linear range was 5.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 M, and the calculated LOD was found to be 4.9 × 10−7 M. The developed sensor’s performance was evaluated as per the IUPAC requirements. Lesinurad was successfully determined in its pharmaceutical tablets using the proposed sensor. Additionally, statistical comparison of the developed method with the reported HPLC results has been carried out using student’s t-test and F-value, where no significant difference was found. Using the AGREE tool, the suggested method’s greenness was assessed and contrasted with the published HPLC one.
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27

Muralinath, E., Devi Pooja, Chbukdhara Prasanta, et al. "DRUGS ACTING ON GOUT AND DRUGS TARGETING ACID METABOLISM." Journal of Research and Reviews in Homeopathy, Siddha & Unani 1, no. 1 (2024): 21–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851936.

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<em>Gout occurs due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals particularly in the joints and results in discomfort, pain and swelling. Non steroidal anti _ inflammatimiry drugs ( NSAID) Research involved for the management of a ute gout attacks. Indomethacin and naproxen decrease pain and decrease inflammation by stopping the production of inflammatory compounds. Colchicine shows its activity regarding treatment of acute gout attacks by decreasing inflammation and decreasrsthe movement of leukocytes to the affected joint. Colchine leads to the occurrence of side effects. Sometimes corticosteroids are administered orally or injected into the affected joint to decreasevpain and inflammation. Allopurinol, febuxodtat and xanthine inhibitors decrease uric acid levels by stopping this enzyme. Uricosuric agents namely probenecid perform by enhancing the excretion of uric acid through the kidneys. Lesinurad is useful regarding gout inhibitor, primarily targeting the URAT _1 transporter in the kidneys. &nbsp;Pegloticase is an enzyme replacement therapy that breakdown uric acid into a more soluble form. it is finally concluded that medications impacting uric acids metabolism, namely xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Uricosuric agents and other drugs such as lesinurad and pegloiicase ply a critical role in regulating gout symptoms and stopping prevent attacks.</em>
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28

Attia, Khalid A. M., Nasr M. El-Abasawi, Ahmed El-Olemy, and Ahmed H. Abdelazim. "Validated Stability Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Lesinurad." Journal of Chromatographic Science 56, no. 4 (2018): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmy010.

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29

Robinson, Philip C., and Nicola Dalbeth. "Lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricaemia in people with gout." Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 18, no. 17 (2017): 1875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2017.1401609.

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30

Cicero, Arrigo F. G., Federica Fogacci, Masanari Kuwabara, and Claudio Borghi. "Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Chronic Hyperuricemia: An Evidence-Based Update." Medicina 57, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010058.

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This article aims to critically review the evidence on the available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hyperuricemia. For this reason, several papers were reviewed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the safest and most effective uric acid lowering drugs for the management of chronic hyperuricemia, while the efficacy of uricosuric agents is strongly modulated by pharmacogenetics. Emergent drugs (lesinurad, peglotidase) were found to be more effective for the acute management of refractory hyperuricemia, but their use is supported by a relatively small number of clinical trials so that further well-designed clinical research is needed to deepen their efficacy and safety profile.
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31

Cicero, Arrigo F. G., Federica Fogacci, Masanari Kuwabara, and Claudio Borghi. "Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Chronic Hyperuricemia: An Evidence-Based Update." Medicina 57, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010058.

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This article aims to critically review the evidence on the available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hyperuricemia. For this reason, several papers were reviewed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the safest and most effective uric acid lowering drugs for the management of chronic hyperuricemia, while the efficacy of uricosuric agents is strongly modulated by pharmacogenetics. Emergent drugs (lesinurad, peglotidase) were found to be more effective for the acute management of refractory hyperuricemia, but their use is supported by a relatively small number of clinical trials so that further well-designed clinical research is needed to deepen their efficacy and safety profile.
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32

Nerdinger, Sven, and Piotr P. Graczyk. "Lesinurad – There are More Ways than One of Synthesizing the Drug." HETEROCYCLES 103, no. 1 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/rev-20-sr(k)4.

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33

Sun, Zhihua, and Yaoqi Li. "Synthesis of Lesinurad via a Multicomponent Reaction with Isocyanides and Disulfides." HETEROCYCLES 100, no. 7 (2020): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-20-14262.

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34

Venkata Narasayya, Saladi, Arthanareeswari Maruthapillai, Devikala Sundaramurthy, J. Arockia Selvi, and Sudarshan Mahapatra. "Preparation, Pharmaceutical Properties and Stability of Lesinurad Co-crystals and Solvate." Materials Today: Proceedings 14 (2019): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.175.

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35

Abdelazim, Ahmed H., and Mohammed Shahin. "Different chemometric assisted approaches for spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of lesinurad and allopurinol." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 251 (April 2021): 119421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.119421.

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36

Pérez-Ruiz, Fernando, Tim Jansen, Anne-Katrin Tausche, Mónica Juárez-Campo, Karra Gurunath Ravichandra, and Pascal Richette. "Efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout." Drugs in Context 8 (May 29, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7573/dic.212581.

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37

Shah, Vishal, Chun Yang, Zancong Shen, et al. "Metabolism and disposition of lesinurad, a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, in humans." Xenobiotica 49, no. 7 (2018): 811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2018.1504257.

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38

Mohamed, Ahmed A., Ahmed El-Olemy, Sherif Ramzy, Ahmed H. Abdelazim, Mohamed K. M. Omar, and Mohamed Shahin. "Spectrophotometric determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in recently approved FDA pharmaceutical preparation." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 247 (February 2021): 119106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.119106.

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39

Halama, Aleš, Jan Stach, Stanislav Rádl, and Kristýna Benediktová. "Identification of an Unexpected Impurity in a New Improved Synthesis of Lesinurad." Organic Process Research & Development 22, no. 12 (2018): 1861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00316.

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40

Shen, Zancong, Caroline A. Lee, Kathleen Wallach, et al. "Lesinurad: Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions With Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers." Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development 8, no. 5 (2019): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.662.

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41

Gillen, Michael, Shakti Valdez, Dongmei Zhou, Bradley Kerr, Caroline A. Lee, and Zancong Shen. "Effects of renal function on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lesinurad in adult volunteers." Drug Design, Development and Therapy Volume 10 (November 2016): 3555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s119944.

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42

Blair, Hannah A., and Emma D. Deeks. "Lesinurad in hyperuricaemia of gout: a profile of its use in the EU." Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 34, no. 12 (2018): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40267-018-0566-3.

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43

Sharma, PramodKumar, Ajay Gupta, ArupKumar Misra, and Surjit Singh. "Lesinurad: A significant advancement or just another addition to existing therapies of gout?" Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics 7, no. 4 (2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-500x.195897.

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44

Terkeltaub, Robert, Kenneth G. Saag, David S. Goldfarb, et al. "Integrated safety studies of the urate reabsorption inhibitor lesinurad in treatment of gout." Rheumatology 58, no. 1 (2018): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/key245.

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45

Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Tim L. Jansen, Anne-Kathrin Tausche, et al. "Reassessing the Safety Profile of Lesinurad in Combination with Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Therapy." Rheumatology and Therapy 6, no. 1 (2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40744-019-0143-9.

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46

Claus, Liza W., and Joseph J. Saseen. "Patient considerations in the management of gout and role of combination treatment with lesinurad." Patient Related Outcome Measures Volume 9 (July 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/prom.s108868.

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47

Saeed Algh, Youssef. "Hepatic and Renal Impacts of Lesinurad on Experimental Hyperuricemia: Biochemical, Molecular and Pathological Investigations." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 7 (2021): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2021.780.789.

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48

Jansen, Tim L., Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Anne-Kathrin Tausche, and Pascal Richette. "International position paper on the appropriate use of uricosurics with the introduction of lesinurad." Clinical Rheumatology 37, no. 12 (2018): 3159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-018-4306-9.

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49

Khader, Sayma, Ayesha Begum K, and D. Ramakrishna. "Development and Validation of Reverse Phase HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Allopurinol and Lesinurad in its API and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH 4, no. 04 (2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21477/ijapsr.4.4.1.

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A new, reliable, and validated reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify the amount of allopurinol and lesinurad simultaneously in solid (tablet) dosage form. A clear chromatographic division was attained on inertsil ODS (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 mm) column, and a mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol in the ratio of 40:60 v/v was used as mobile phase. The rate of flow was set at 1 mL/min, and UV detection was achieved at λmax of 255 nm. Injection volume was set to 20 μL. The correlation coefficient of 0.999 was established, and the accurateness was found to be 100.69 and 100.49 for both the drugs, respectively. Therefore, the developed method was simple, specific, precise, and stable. Hence, the method can be employed to estimate the said drugs in other pharmaceutical formulations.
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Shen, Zancong, Michael Gillen, Kathy Tieu, et al. "Supratherapeutic dose evaluation and effect of lesinurad on cardiac repolarization: a thorough QT/QTc study." Drug Design, Development and Therapy Volume 10 (October 2016): 3509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s114455.

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