Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion'
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Franck-Miclo, Alicia. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-apoptotique contre les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13505/document.
Full textMyocardial infarction (MI) results from a coronary occlusion leading to severe ischemia. Infarct size is a major determinant of myocardial salvage and mortality. Prompt revascularization (either by thrombolysis or primary angioplasty) is recommended for AMI patients but leads to deleterious effects called "reperfusion injury". Recently, ischemic postconditioning (PostC) efficiency has been reported in patients. However, its application during primary angioplasty is limited to patients admitted in angioplasty centers thereby excluding thrombolysed patients. In order to improve cardioprotection, it is necessary to define the time window for optimal cardioprotection and to develop new pharmacological strategies for AMI patients. Our work, using an in vivo mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion, shows that PostC efficiency is maintained if applied the first 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of peptide inhibitors targeting apoptosis, which is responsible for cell death during ischemia-reperfusion. As a proof-of-concept study, the cardioprotective effects of Tat-BH4 and Pip2b-BH4 peptidic constructs have been revealed in vitro and in vivo. The peptidic constructs targeting FAS-DAXX interaction, injected intravenously as a single bolus at the time of reperfusion, reduced by 50% both infarct size and apoptosis. These pharmacological tools have been patented due to their high therapeutic potential
Vandroux, David. "Rôle des microtubules dans la lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion du cardiomyocyte et influence d'agents de liaison des microtubules." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU23.
Full textTissier, Cindy. "Aspects métaboliques de la reperfusion myocardique : étude corrélative des effets des substrats, de l'oxygène et de l'insuline sur la récupération post-ischémique du cardiomyocyte." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU18.
Full textThe determination of the most favorable conditions for the myocardial recovery during the post-ischemic reperfusion is still elusive. The present study aimed at defining the effects of glucose and of various different fatty acids (FA) on the recovery of post-ischemic cardiac muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes (CM) from newborn rats were subjected to 2. 5 h of ‘‘ischemia’’ simulated by a substrate-free hypoxia (SI), followed by 2 h of “reperfusion” simulated by reoxygenation in absence of substrate (CTRL) or in the presence of glucose (GLC), octanoic acid (OCTA) or oleic acid (OLE), added as single or combinated substrate(s). During simulated ischemia, the electromechanical activity ceased gradually and cellular viability and mitochondrial function dramatically decreased. The substrate-free standard reperfusion provided a near normal functional recovery, although incomplete and delayed (after 30 min of reperfusion). GLC or OLE given at the onset of reperfusion hastened this recovery, while GLC was the sole subtrate to improve the post-ischemic mitochondrial function. Conversely, the addition of any substrate at the time of reperfusion worsened the cellular viability in comparison with the substrate-free “reperfusion”. Finally, GLC+OLE combination entailed the most favourable recovery in respect of metabolic, functional and viability markers. On the other hand, a rise in the oxygen partial pressure during the post-ischemic period improved the resumption of mitochondrial function and viability. Moreover, the presence of a single substrate and a high oxygen level modulated the expression of the mRNA of glucose and FA transport proteins and of apoptosis markers. These results suggest a modulation of metabolic and survival pathways by the conditions of reperfusion at the molecular level. Finally, the presence of insulin before ischemia protected against ischemic-induced membraneous damages. However, the effect of insulin on the post-ischemic recovery depended upon both time of addition and the presence of glucose during reperfusion. The gain in recovery by a preischemic supply of insulin appeared at late time of reperfusion (6 h), while its post-ischemic addition provided earlier beneficial effects (1 and 2 h). To conclude, the post-“ischemic” CM recovery clearly depended on the characteristics of the available substrate during the reperfusion period (nature, chain length, insaturation degree). Therefore, the modulation of the energy metabolism with appropriate substrate, oxygen amount and insulin supply, should be taken into account in the different reperfusion strategies in order to contribute to the most favourable cardiocellular recovery
Belliard, Aude. "Comprendre et maîtriser l'activation de la coagulation en transplantation rénale : évaluation d'un antithrombine direct dans un modèle d'autogreffe chez le porc." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077100.
Full textRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute renal failure in delayed graft function after kidney transplant. Renal IRI resulted from an early activation of the coagulation/inflammation cross-talk in renal vasculature during ischemic phase. In order to limit IRI from kidney transplantation I evaluated a preventive administration of Melagatran, a direct antithrombin drug, in a porcine kidney autograft model. This model including 60 min of kidney graft warm ischemia followed by 24h of cold preservation that induced severe function impairment and rapid tissue inflammation leading to the graft loss. Melagatran IV injected and/or added in preservative solution limited tubulonephritis and improve renal function uptake during the week after kidney reperfusion. In ischemia reperfusion blood flow conditions, activated platelets form heterotypic cells complexes with circulating monocytes that could induce procoagulant Tissue Factor (TF) surface protein exposure leading to thrombin generation. Resides preventing thé thrombin-dependent platelet activation a Melagatran direct antiplatelet effect has ever been suggested. Intended to clarify the Melagatran intravascular anticoagulation mechanisms, we studied its preventing effects on TF surface and total expression in human blood platelets/monocytes aggregates. I have found that Melagatran depleted either a platelet specific 54kDa TF protein isoform or aggregates TF antigen presentation. In conclusion, Melagatran administration improve graft outcome reducing renal IRI in a model of warm+cold ischemia probably by preventing the TF-dependent thrombin generation positive feedback by a direct action on platelets
Rigal, Eve. "Impact à long terme de la programmation nutritionnelle postnatale sur le risque cardio-métabolisme et sur la sensibilité aux lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion in vivo chez la souris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCI017.
Full textNutritional disorders occurring during the foetal and postnatal periods may be responsible for a predisposition to cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. The PostNatal OverFeeding (PNOF) model, induced by litter size reduction, pertinently recapitulates the pathophysiological mechanisms of a programmed increase of cardiometabolic risk in Humans. However, most of preclinical data has been obtained in young male animals.In male mice, PNOF induced an increase in body weight associated with glucose metabolism impairment at young and older ages (4 to 18 months). Cardiac contractile function was reduced by PNOF and the sensitivity of hearts to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was increased and associated with an augmentation in pericardial adipose tissue mass and inflammatory status. In females, PNOF induced similar cardio-metabolic alterations, however, the sensitivity of hearts to I/R lesions induced in vivo was not impacted.These results show that PNOF predisposes the organism of male and female mice to cardio-metabolic diseases from the young (4 months) to the older ages (up to 18 months); however, PNOF only affects males for an increased sensitivity to ischemic cardiac lesions.This original model of PNOF could constitute a model of “natural” metabolic syndrome on which physiopathological and therapeutic studies could be carried out
Olland, Anne. "Intérêt des microparticules pour l'étude de l'ischémie reperfusion en tranplantation pulmonaire basé sur un modèle de perfusion ventilation pulmonaire ex vivo chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ035.
Full textLung ischemia reperfusion and its clinical expression as primary graft dysfunction are provider of immediate and long term morbidity and mortality for patients. We aimed at demonstrating the usefulness and relevance of microparticles as biomarkers for lung ischemia reperfusion injury. We first reproduced an ex vivo rat lung perfusion and ventilation experimental model. Stability of the model was validated for normal conditions (no ischemia before reperfusion) as well as for extreme conditions (1 hour warm ischemia before reperfusion). The generation of microparticles was studied in that model for variable conditions of cold ischemia and for warm ischemia. Lung submitted to strong ischemic injury (20hours cold ischemia) generate an early pike of microparticles originated from leukocyes, endothelial cells, and epithelial alveolar cells. We may conclude the ex vivo model of rat lung perfusion and ventilation is relevant for the study of lung ischemia reperfusion injury. Microparticles are relevant markers of rat lung ischemia reperfusion injury in our model
Talha, Samy. "Fonction endocrine cardiaque : origine de l'augmentation plasmatique du brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) après transplantation cardiaque et effets protecteurs du BNP sur la fonction mitochondriale du muscle squelettique après ischémie-reperfusion." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA3492.
Full textBulteau, Anne-Laure. "Le protéasome : implication dans le vieillissement et le stress oxydant." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077036.
Full textHassan, Sahar. "Etude des effets protecteurs du trans-resvératrol sur les lésions induites par une ischémie-reperfusion hépatique chez le rat." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P617.
Full textLiver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) occurs in many clinical conditions; including liver surgery and transplantation. Early phase of reprfusion is associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines. We investigated the effects of trans-resveratrol (T-res) (molecule reported to have multiple effects, of wich antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties) on liver injury induced by IR. After 1 hour of ischemia, administered 5 minutes prior to 3 hours of reperfusion, T-res was hepatoprotective at low doses (0. 2 and 0. 02 mg/Kg) by decreasing plasmatic aminotransferase levels and improving sinusoidal dilatation. T-res preserved antioxidant defense by preventing total and reduced glutathion depletion caused by IR. At 0. 2 mg/kg, T-res significantly increased glutathione reductase, Cu/Zn–superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. We also found that T-res, at low doses (0. 02 and 0. 2 mg/Kg) was able to decrease IL-1β and TNF-α hepatic mRNA expression induced by IR, with a reduction in plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1β. T-res did not modify mRNA and protein expression of NOS III, DDAH activity or plasma concentrations of nitrites. NOSII protein or mRNA were undetected after IR or after T-res treatment. T-res decreased HO1 transcription without altering HSP-70 transcription induced by hepatic IR. In conclusion, a prereperfusion treatment by T-res only at low doses decreases liver injury induced by IR by protecting against antioxidant defense failure and by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines induction. Our data present T-res as a molecule with potential therapeutic use against lesions secondary to liver surgery or hepatic allograft
Ben, Mkaddem Sanae. "Activation différentielle des voies de signalisation des MAP KINASES dépendantes des récepteurs Toll-Like au cours de l'ischémie-reperfusion rénale." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077263.
Full textIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces potent inflammatory response and tissue damage that may lead to renal insufficiency. Among Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 play key roles in the pathogenesis of ischemic inflammatory responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways involved in the control cell survival, inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis still remain elusive. Here we analyze the role of TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways using wild-type (WT) and TLR2- or TLR4-deficient mite subjected to transient I/RI and post-hypoxic primary cultures of renal tubule epithelial tells (RTECs). I/R injury induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in wild type and 171-4-/- RTECs but not in T1r2-/- RTECs, indicating that TLR2 selectively mediates the activation of ERK1/2 during hypoxia. Silencing of the chaperone heat shock protein gp96 restored the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in T1r21- RTECs via the inhibition of phosphatase protein 5 (PP5). Renal I/R also stimulated a non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) isoform of 28 kDa which acts as a sensor of the TLR4-mediated cell apoptosis. Inactivation of NOX4 prevented TLR4-dependent activation of the apoptosis signaling-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), JNK proapoptotic pathway. Overall, these findings indicate that I/R induces selective activation of distinct TLR-mediated pathways via the interaction of the TLR/gp96 complex with distinct protein clients involved in the induction of renal tubule cell apoptosis
Bollier, Melanie. "Conception et synthèse de purines substituées en positions C8 et N9 en tant qu'antagonistes potentiels du récepteur NOD1 en vue de limiter les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion hépatique." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUS058.
Full textIn Europe, liver transplantation is facing a lack of donation and the few available organs are threatened by the ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) phenomenon. Recently, the LIRIC revealed the role of NOD1, a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor, in this phenomenon. The NOD1 receptor is an intrinsic central regulator of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) migration and phagocytic capacities. The NOD1 receptor regulates also the interaction between PMNs and hepatocytes and consequently the PMN-induced hepatocyte lysis. It is interesting to note that in an I-R model, nod1-/- mice are protected from hepatic I-R injuries. In this model, mice treated with ALINO73, a NOD1 signaling pathway inhibitor from the literature, analogue of SB711, are also protected from hepatic I-R injuries. These results suggest that the development of NOD1 antagonists is a potential therapeutic solution to minimize hepatic I-R injuries.A 3D virtual model of the NOD1 LRR domain, the recognition domain, was developed in the LIRIC. Using this model and a rational design strategy, a new chemical series as potential NOD1 antagonist was identified, the arylimidazole series and more exactly, a series of C8 and N9 disubstituted purinergic compounds.These potential NOD1 antagonists have been synthesized using two strategies: one by imidazole annulation in one or two steps, another one starting from adenine. A total of fifty-seven final compounds were obtained with moderate to good yields. Part of these compounds was evaluated using an in vitro assay to identify their capacity to block NOD1-mediated NFκB signaling pathway.These synthesized compounds will also be evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and thermophoresis to determine their affinity for NOD1. The identified NOD1 antagonists will be evaluated in ex vivo and in vivo models after determining their ADME-Tox properties in vitro
Delgado, Betancourt Sandra. "Cardioprotection contre les lésions d’ischémie-reperfusion par réduction de la fréquence cardiaque." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3512.
Full textAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality worlwide. Early reperfusion is the only treatment recommended to reduce infarct size, a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. However, reperfusion leads to reperfusion injury that precipitates in death the cells that survived the ischemic insult. To date, there is no therapy targeting ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to limit the extent of the infarcted area. Heart rate (HR) is a main determinant of cardiac pathology. Most ischemic episodes are triggered by an increase in HR inducing an imbalance between myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption. HR reduction results in a lengthening of the ventricular diastole, allowing better coronary perfusion and optimal oxygenation of the myocardium at rest and during exercise. Thus, it seems clear that a controlled reduction of HR may limit the effort and the vulnerability of the myocardium during the whole IR episode, which would represent a challenge in the treatment of AMI but also a major interest to public health.β-blockers have been extensively studied in this context and have shown beneficial effects in terms of reduction of post-AMI mortality. However, they also exert deleterious effects on myocardial coronary blood flow and contractile function. This finding highlights the importance of selective HR reduction through inhibition of ion currents responsible for cardiac automatism. The If current and the ICa,L and ICa,T calcium currents (mediated by Cav1.3 and Cav3.1 channels, respectively) are important accelerators of cardiac rhythm. Clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of selective HR reduction by ivabradine, an inhibitor of the If current, in the context of coronary artery disease and heart failure. However, recent studies have shown that treatment with ivabradine may involve an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and infarct. These results underscore the need to develop new therapies aimed to selectively control HR without adverse effects on the myocardium and prognosis of patients.The goal of this thesis is to study the role of HR during myocardial IR and to validate in murine models of bradycardia the hypothesis that HR reduction is able to limit IR injury. Our work strategy is based on a genetic approach with the use of knockout mice for Cav1.3 and Cav3.1 calcium channels. In a first time, pharmacological HR reduction by ivabradine induces infarct size decrease in control mice, validating the concept in our in vivo mouse model of IR. Genetically-modified mice in which these channels have been ablated have reduced heart rate and show a reduction in infarct size after the IR protocol, confirming the involvement of HR in cardioprotection. There is a direct relationship between infarct size and HR during each phase of IR and independently of the animal model. Surprisingly, this relation is suppressed when the parasympathetic nervous system is inactivated. Secondly, HR acceleration in an ex vivo model of cardiac IR generates deleterious effects on the myocardium, including infarct size increase and coronary flow reduction during reperfusion.These results confirm the cardioprotective effect of HR reduction against IR injury and allow us to consider a clinical application in the treatment of ischemic diseases
Iannelli, Antonio. "Lésions hépatiques induites par l'ischémie reperfusion et la NAFLD : mécanismes et protection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20659.
Full textThe pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor associated with cellularresponse to xeno and endobiotics. Recently, the involvement of PXR in controlling otherfunctions has been clarified. We previously showed in our laboratory that the PXR activators(spironolactone (SPIR) and clotrimazole (CTZ) protect primoculture of human or rathépatocytes against apoptosis. In vitro data are indicate that the PXR plays a major role inthe protection of the liver against xeno and endobiotics trough the régulation of theirélimination (détoxication) and increasing their resistance against apoptosis. It has also beenshown that the PXR is implicated in the controls of lipid and carbohydrates metabolism. Theinduction of PXR increases lipogenesis, inhibits lipolysis and neoglucogenesis. PXRinduction may be responsible for the accumulations of lipids into the liver (NAFLD, nonalcoholic liver disease). This disease is strongly associated with obesity. To date bariatricsurgery is only effective treatment in the long term for morbid obesity. The evolution ofNAFLD following bariatric surgery has not been fully clarified.Aims The aims of this thesis were to ascertain whether PXR agonists such as CTZ andSPIR resulted in the same effects in the animal model than those observed in vitro andwhether the administration of these drugs was associated with any protection againstnormothermic ischemia reperfusion injury of the liver. In another chapter the effects onobesity related comorbidities of two bariatric procedures such as the gastric bypass and thesleeve gastrectomy were investigated. The animal model used to investigate the role of PXR against apoptosis wasthe partial and total normothermic ischemia reperfusion of the liver in the rodent (rat andmouse). The effects of the GBP and SG on obesity related comorbidities wereinvestigated in two groups of obese women (BMI > 50 Kg/m2 and < 50kg/m2). The results ofGBP and SG in two comparable groups of super obese patients (BMI > 50 Kg/m2) wereinvestigated. Treatment with PXR activators such as (CTZ and SPIR) in the rat and in themouse was associated with the induction of CYP 3A1, an enzyme directly controlled by thePXR, with a significant reduction of the apoptotic hepatocytes, with a significantly lowerlevels of transaminases, activated caspase 3 and its substrate PARP (poly-ADP-ribosepolymérase).The involved mécanismes include the induction of the expression of theantiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, the activation of the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK ½), theinhibition of JNK and the down régulation of heat shock proteins (hsp 27, 70, and 90) geneexpression in the case of total liver ischemia. One year after surgery GBP showedcomparable results in terms of résolution of metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation andinsuline resistance in morbdly obese as well as super obese women even if the mean BMI ofsuper obese women remained higher (34.7 Kg/m2 vs 28.1 Kg/m2). GBP and SG areassociated with the same results six months after surgery but GBP is more effective inimproving lipid disturbances, low-grade systemic inflammation and the metabolic syndromeat one year. PXR induction results in a protective effect against normothermic inschemiareperfusion injury in the rodent. Results of GBP in terms of resolution of obesity relatedcomorbidities are comparable in the super obese and morbidly patients. GBP is moreeffective than SG one year after surgery in terms of weight loss, and resolution of lipiddisturbances, low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome
Farah, Charlotte. "Sensibilité du coeur à l’ischémie-reperfusion et stratégie de cardioprotection par l’exercice : rôle spécifique de la eNOS myocardique." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0706/document.
Full textExercise training is recognized as an efficient way to protect the myocardium against ischemiareperfusion(IR). However, mechanisms responsible for such cardioprotection remain still unclear. Theaims of this work were then i) to evaluate the preventive effect of exercise on a model highly sensitiveto myocardial IR, and ii) to investigate the role of eNOS in exercise-induced cardioprotection. In a firstpart we showed that regular boots of exercise, by its beneficial effects on calcium handling andenzymatic antioxidant status, prevents the highly sensitive phenotypical remodeling of the heart andthen normalized heart vulnerability to IR. Then, in a second part of this work, we showed that exerciseinducedcardioprotection was associated with a decrease of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 andespecially its uncoupling during early reperfusion. Such phenomenon, associated with increased heartantioxidant capacity was responsible for reduced nitro-oxidative stress. Indeed, reduced NOSdependentNO synthesis associated with the improved capacity to scavenge O2.- contribute to preventthe formation of ONOO-. Altogether, these results showed that exercise-induced cardioprotection is acomplex mechanism requiring interactions between antioxidant capacity improvement, eNOSuncoupling during reperfusion and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Finally, this work opens newperspectives regarding the role of NO synthesis modulation to impact heart sensitivity to IR
Gille-Hestin, Dominique. "Expression des systèmes rénine-angiotensine et kallikréine-kinine après transplantation rénale isogénique chez le rat : étude des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion rénale chez le rat : approche des mécanismes allo-indépendants participant au phénomène de détérioration progressive du transplant rénal." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN11302.
Full textIvanes, Fabrice. "Nouveaux mécanismes de protection des cardiomyocytes contre les lésions d'ischémie / reperfusion." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060259.
Full textBauer, Déborah. "Etude des effets cardioprotecteurs d'un analogue de l'érythropoïétine, la darbepoétine-alfa, chez un modèle d'infarctus du myocarde chez le rat - Approche mécanistique." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3124.
Full textCardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries. Loss of cardiomyocytes via apoptosis is believed to contribute to the continuous decline of the ventricular function in heart failure. Several investigations revealed that following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), cardiomyocytes apoptosis is controlled, at least, by the Bcl-2 proteins family members. The excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, through NADPH oxidase, contributes also to cellular damages and death. Recently, erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic cytokine, has been shown to protect heart exposed to ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion, limiting infarct size and cardiac remodeling. However, to date the precise cellular mechanism of DA-induced cardioprotection remains incompletely understood. Thus, the aims of this work were 1) to assess the short and long term cardioprotective effects of darbepoetin-a (DA), an Epo analog, in an in vivo rat model of I/R ; 2) to investigate the signaling pathway through which DA potentially limits apoptosis and ; 3) to elucidate whether its cardioprotective effect, and more particularly its antioxidative effect, is linked to an HO-1-dependent inhibition of the NADPH activity. In the first study, left ventricle infarct size (LV) was smaller than that in the control rats, in agreement with echocardiographics parameters. DA-treatment activated the JAK2/Akt signaling pathway, lowered cleaved caspase-3 and increased both P-Bad and P-GSK-3ß proteins. This was consistent with the decrease of ROS production and the lowered binding of Bad to Bcl-xL and Bcl-. Similarly, in long term study, histology alterations implicated lower LV cardiac fibrosis and greater capillary density; furthermore both Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were upregulated. In the second study, both LVSF and LVEF were higher versus control and DA+ZnPP, a heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, matching with the decreased LV infarct size in DA rats. DA induced HO-1 and down regulated the expression of p47phox and the activation of Rac1, both regulatory subunits of the NADPH-oxidase. This was consistent with the decrease of ROS production and these DA effects were inhibited by ZnPP. Further experiments in humans are now required to prove benefits effects of DA and to promote the use of EPO as therapeutics in heart infarction
Benoist, Lauriane. "Rôle du récepteur purinergique P2Y11 dans la modulation des lésions d'Ischémie/Reperfusion myocardique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3310.
Full textIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries are involved in the pathophysiology of heart transplantation where they will increase graft rejection. Ischemia generates cellular stress leading to ATP release in the extracellular medium that may activate purinergic receptors (P2R) expressed by cardiomyocytes and immune cells. Therefore, these receptors may play important regulatory roles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P2R signaling on dendritic cells phenotype (DCs) and cardiomyocyte (CM) response to I/R. We showed that P2Y11 receptor (P2Y11R) exhibited an immunomodulatory role in DCs by decreasing release of IL-6 and IL-12 and inhibiting polarization of the adaptive response towards Th1. Pharmacological post-conditioning targeting P2Y11R provided effective protection to CM by limiting oxidative stress and activating PKCe known to inhibit the opening of the mPTP. The protective and immunomodulatory effects of P2Y11R stimulation were confirmed in vivo by the decrease of allogeneic acute rejection in a murine model of heterotopic heart transplantation. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that P2Y11R may be a promising therapeutic target providing beneficial effects in cardiac transplantation
Guillot, Max. "Cinétique du stress oxydant et des dysfonctions mitochondriales locales et à distance (poumon, rein, foie, cerveau, coeur) et effets du perconditionnement ischémique ou du postconditionnement pharmacologique au cours du clampage aortique expérimental." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ102.
Full textLower limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) results in skeletal muscle mitochondrial alterations, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and remote organ impairments which are largely involved in patients prognosis. However, whether ischemia without reperfusion increases ROS production and preceedes mitochondrial alteration and whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in remote organ is unknown. Remote ischemic perconditioning (PerC) and Fibrin-derived peptide Bβ(15-42) (FX06) prevent during cardiac IR but whether and how PerC and FX06 might protect skeletal muscle is unknown. This study tested whether PerC and FX06 would decrease skeletal muscle inflammation and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction during IR. In an animal lower limb ischemia-reperfusion model, the objectives of our study were therefore to determine simultaneously the kinetic of ROS production, mitochondrial respiration and inflammation changes in skeletal muscle and remote organs during ischemia reperfusion and to challenge the effect of PerC and FX06 on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities, ROS production and inflammation. We observed that oxidative stress preceedes skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and probably may be seen before inflammation activation. FX06 decreased inflammation, normalized ROS production and restored mitochondrial oxidative capacity during experimental skeletal muscle IR. PerC not only failed to protect ischemic skeletal muscle but impaired contralateral non ischemic suggesting that such therapy should be used with caution. This better knowledge will allow us to develop new strategies to prevent the development of IR lesions
Pottecher, Julien. "Muscle squelettique et ischémie-reperfusion expérimentale des membres : mécanismes impliqués dans la protection ou les effets délétères de la cyclosporine et facteurs limitant les conditionnements pharmacologique et ischémique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871846.
Full textCursio, Raffaele. "Rôle des cellules non parenchymateuses dans les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion du foie chez le rat." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T040.
Full textSportouch-Dukhan, Catherine. "Effets cardioprotecteurs du glutamate contre les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique chez la souris. Evaluation échocardiographique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T021.
Full textMyocardial infarction is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality in western countries. Reperfusion as early as possible is the only treatment recognized to reduce infarct size, crucial prognostic factor of morbidity and mortality. However, reperfusion leads to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury leading to irreversible apoptotic death of cardiomyocytes. A transcriptomic approach has allowed us to identify genes specifically regulated upon ischemic postconditioning (PostC) in the mouse heart. Among them, the expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) gene is up-regulated by PostC. The aim of my thesis work was to study the role of mGluR1 during myocardial IR. Our strategy, based on the use of knockout mice, confirmed the involvement of mGluR1 in cardioprotection. Injection of glutamate at the time of reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size via apoptosis inhibition. This cardioprotective effect was reduced in presence of the specific antagonist YM 298198 or in presence of wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, which is activated downstream mGluR1. In our mouse model of myocardial IR injury, decrease in infarct size after glutamate treatment seems to be associated to an improved left ventricular contractile function assessed by echocardiography (speckle tracking method quantifying myocardial strain). These preliminary results are promising and allow us to consider a clinical trial for coronary patients
Richer, Romain. "Coeur, mitochondries, lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion : impact du diabète et du post-conditionnement par les ligands opiacés." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC408.
Full textThe morbidity and the mortality of the heart stroke have been reduced over the last 30 years and it was related to an improvement of patient care. The early reperfusion of the heart is an essential step, but is responsible for ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Both ischemic and pharmacological conditionings were shown to increase heart function, but these beneficial effects are reduced in a context of diabetes mellitus.First, we studied the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on mitochondrial function. Studies were performed on heart trabeculae, and in subsarcolemmal (SSM) or interfibrillar (IFM) mitochondria extracted from human atrial appendages using polarographic, spectrophotometric and proteomic analyses. Whereas differences on enzymatic activities and in protein expression were observed between SSM and IFM, we did not find any deleterious effect of diabetes mellitus on mitochondrial function. Second, using a Langendorff’s apparatus, we developed an experimental model in mouse to study ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Pharmacological post-conditioning was tested by using various opioid agonists and antagonists, including morphine, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), naloxone, and naltrindole. The effects were observed on heart function and the volume of necrosis. All treatments were effective to reduce the necrosis in the heart compared to control condition. After 60 minutes of reperfusion, cardiac function was also improved with morphine, naloxone, and the association of morphine-naloxone, and DPDPE-naltrindole. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms is needed to improve pharmacological post-conditioning in patients, particularly in diabetics, presenting with heart stroke
Bochaton, Thomas. "Lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardiques : régulation de la transition de perméabilité et rôle de l'activation de l'inflammation locale et systémique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1289.
Full textMyocardial infarction (MI) is the first cause of death in the world. Reperfusion is the key treatment of MI. However, reperfusion can cause reperfusion injuries. Mitochondria and mitochondrial permeablility transition pore are the target of reperfusion injuries. Mitochondrial dysfonction and necrosis lead to an intense local and systemic inflammation. Ischemic post-conditioning (PC) and pharmacologic PC (with cyclosporine A, CsA) are used to limit reperfusion injuries. During my thesis, I worked on cardioprotective effet of sirtuin 3 and I studied inflammation induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). I have shown that ischemic PC involve sirtuin 3 and deacetylation of cyclophilin D. I demonstrated that myocardial I/R induce an intense inflammatory response in Human with a key role of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. However, this inflammatory response is not modulated by the administration of CsA. A least, we studied the role of HIF-1a that is over expressed during I/R. We showed that HIF-1a activate inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. Furthermore, Nicotinamied Mononucleotide has anti-inflammatory effets with an action of HIF-1a. Taken together, these data contribute to develop new target for cardioprotection
Terrand, Jérôme. "@Implication de l'oxyde nitrique et des radicaux libres oxygènes dans les altérations fonctionnelles associées à la séquence ischémie/reperfusion : conséquences sur l'activité des systèmes enzymatiques antioxydants." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOMU11.
Full textSchuster, Heidi. "Effets des précurseurs de la glutamine sur les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion chaude dans un modèle de foie isolé et perfusé." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P644.
Full textGlutamine, via its immuno-regulatory properties and its role as a glutathione precursor could protect the liver against oxidative stress during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study we have investigated the effects of two glutamine precursors: ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) and the alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln), on hepatic I/R injury using an isolated perfused rat liver model. Oral OKG supplementation for 4 days before the I/R insult induced a moderate reduction of TNFa production, an effect probably related to the immuno-modulatory effects of glutamine. However OKG does not improve liver metabolism and functionality. The supply of Ala-Gln during I/R does not affect hepatic glutathione content but exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. When associated with Vitamin E, a potent anti-oxidant, alanyl-glutamine leads to a significant improvement in liver function
Faure, Jean-Pierre. "Etude des phénomènes précoces responsables des lésions d'ischémie reperfusion en transplantation rénale : évaluation dans un modèle d'autotransplantation chez le porc." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT1402.
Full textGennai, Stéphane. "Effets de la cyclosporine A sur des poumons porcins reperfusés ex vivo." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENS012/document.
Full textObjective Several works highlighted the role of Cyclosporine A (CsA) in the prevention of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injuries but none on isolated lungs of big mammals. Our objective was to measure for the first time the effects of CsA in I/R injuries in an ex vivo reperfused pig lungs model, by evaluating several doses of CsA for different times of ischemia. Methods Experimentation A was performed on 4 groups of 8 pairs of lungs each: a control group and 3 groups receiving different concentrations of CsA (1, 10 or 30 μM) at the time of ischemia and at the beginning of the reperfusion, after a 2 hours ischemia. Experimentation B was performed on 3 groups of 5 pairs of lungs each. Lungs from each pair were separated just after the beginning of ischemia. The first lungs were evaluated after a 2 hours ischemia (day 0), without CsA. The second lungs were evaluated after a 24 hours ischemia (day 1), either without or with CsA (1 or 5 μM), administered when appropriate at the beginning of the reperfusion. Results CsA improved the PO2/FiO2 ratio with a dose dependent effect but increased pulmonary arterial pressure, capillary pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistances, at 10 and 30 μM but neither at 1 or 5 μM. Lungs receiving 30 μM of CsA displayed elevated concentrations in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concentrations in RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) in broncho-alveolar lavage decreased with CsA at day 1 compared to day 0. Conclusions During pulmonary I/R, the cellular benefits of high doses of CsA are counterbalanced by its hemodynamic effects on microvascularisation. At low doses, CsA seems to improve lung function
Tillet, Solenne. "Effets de l'inhibition des protéases de la coagulation dans un modèle porcin d'ischémie reperfusion rénale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT1412.
Full textOrgan shortage is a major limitation for transplantation, then since 2005 the use of deceased after cardiac arrest donors (DDAC) became legal in France. However these organs undergo severe ischemia-reperfusion injury, partly due to stasis activated coagulation. Micro-thrombi impair a correct reperfusion of the implanted organ. Conversely activated renal endothelium is the cause of an amplification of coagulation. This leads to increased production of proinflammatory molecules via the PAR (protease-activated receptors) activation by coagulation factors IIa and Xa. In this work we have used a severe in vivo ischemia-reperfusion model and tested the effect of inhibitors of Xa and IIa on the outcome of renal autotransplantation. One of these synthetic molecules was an anti-Xa heparinoid, while the other was acombined of direct anti-IIa + anti-Xa heparinoid. The pre-clinical model included a sequence of warm ischemia followed by a cold storage 24 h at 4°C in UW, mimicking what happens in DDAC. The use of both molecules during peri-preservation was followed by a reduction of fibrosis and inflammation, known to cause long term kidney loss. In an in vitro model, we have shown that beneficial effects of the combined anti IIa-Xa could be the consequence of a reduction in endothelial activation and subsequent inflammation. We conclude that anti Xa, and anti Xa-IIa, use during organ conservation, is beneficial for kidney function and survival and that they may be used as protectors against chronic renal dysfunction
Briaud, Stéphanie A. "Ischémie-reperfusion myocardique chez la souris "knockout" : étude de l'inflammation et de l'apoptose." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T153.
Full textPasdois, Philippe. "Modulation de la fonction mitochondriale par les canaux potassiques sensibles à l'ATP : implication dans la protection du myocarde vis-àvis des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21288.
Full textIschaemic preconditioning (IPC), applied before ischaemia, is a strategy of cardioprotection. It increases cell survival after an ischemia-reperfusion protocol. It is hypothesized that the activation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK-ATP) triggers and accomplishes this cardioprotection. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which its activation induces the infarct size reduction is a matter of controversy. We have shown on perfused rat heart that an activation of the mitoK-ATP (by either IPC or diazoxide) modulates the structure and function of mitochondria and finally preserves this organelle against reperfusion-induced damages. Ischaemic postconditioning is another strategy which, when applied at the beginning of the reperfusion, desreases infarct size. We have demonstrated For the first time, that this protocol is effective in pig and requires mitoK-ATP activation
Aubert, Vivien. "Lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion rénale en transplantation : modélisation par agents des effets de l’oxygénation sur la dynamique cellulaire-tissulaire de l'inflammation et de la fibrose." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT1405/document.
Full textIn renal preservation-transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes graft inflammation and fibrosis, dysfunction and loss. Events involved in IR injury grow identified, but their intricacy hampers prediction and therapeutics. Based on a detailed bibliographical analysis, we propose an Agent-Based Model of renal response to IR injury at cell and tissue levels, created with the modeling tool NetLogo.First, we develop and validate a dynamic model of the oxygenation of the renal cortex, featuring blood perfusion, oxygen diffusion, and oxygen consumption (driven by sodium filtered load and transport). We then adapt this model to oxygen steady-state, and PO2 level is coupled to energetic status (ATP) in epithelial and endothelial cells (aerobic and anaerobic pathways). Cell viability is coupled to ATP level, leading to a semi-phenomenological representation of repair/survival versus apoptosis/necrosis. Finally, we explore (and verify) cell and tissue fate during simulated IR sequences, with the gradual addition of key elements of inflammation (leukocytes infiltration, injury signals, phagocytosis) and fibrosis (fibroblasts, collagen). Model evolution toward the resolution of inflammation/tissue regeneration or toward tissue fibrosis is observed along imposed conditions (duration/intensity, ischemia vs hypoxemia). Results are compared to experiments from our laboratory.This construction is the first model of the effects of oxygenation on cell-tissue dynamics during renal inflammation-fibrosis response to IR. Ultimately, it will allow to address clinical and therapeutic aspects of renal transplantation and conservation
Pelé, Thomas. "Étude des effets potentiels du récepteur MerTK sur le développement des lésions liées à une ischémie/reperfusion rénale chez le rat." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT1404.
Full textIschemia reperfusion is characterized by two distinct phases: a cessation then a return of blood supply and may occur in some pathological situations as well as during organ transplantation. This sequence of events can induce cell death, formation of cell debris and microparticles. Apoptotic bodies and microparticles are characterized by the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer membrane bilayer. Ischemia reperfusion-induced cell damage lead to the activation of inflammation and to leukocyte recruitment through the release of cytokines/chemokines. Recruited macrophages may phagocyte cellular debris and microparticles. It has previously been established that the MerTK tyrosine kinase receptor, expressed by several cell types including macrophages, plays a major role in the phagocytosis process. The vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant factor Protein S is the MerTK receptor ligand. It binds by its C-terminus to MerTK receptor on the surface of macrophages and by its N-terminus to phosphatidylserins exposed by apoptotic bodies and microparticles bridging thereby the phagocytes (macrophages) to the substrate (phosphatidylserine exposing bodies). The objective of our study is to characterize the role of MerTK in both the development of lesions induced by renal ischemia reperfusion and in post-ischemic repair. We used a model of RCS (Royal College of Surgeons) rats characterized by a defective MerTK due to a natural mutation in the MerTK gene. Simulation of renal ischemia reperfusion is performed by clamping the artery and renal vein. The blood and kidneys are collected and, using ELISA, Western Blot and biochemical assays, markers of kidney function and lesions, inflammation and leukocyte recruitment are determined. Histological lesions on renal sections are monitored by HES-PAS staining, and the location and quantification of leukocyte recruitment were assessed by immunohistochemistry technique. We also used flow cytometry to quantify microparticles of platelet, endothelial and leukocyte origin in plasma. Finally, we studied the possible role of MerTK in phagocytosis in vitro, by co-incubation of apoptotic bodies with monocytes/macrophages, derived from the blood of MerTK-deficient RCS rats or control rats normally expressing this receptor. Our work has made it possible to develop a technique for detecting microparticles by double labelling, with an antibody specific to cell origin and annexin V, a molecule that marks all microparticles by binding to phosphatidylserine. The quantification of these microparticles shows an increase, post-surgery, of platelet, endothelial and leukocyte origin. The measurements of creatinine, a marker of renal function, as well as those of inflammatory markers and histological lesions did not show significant differences between any of the renal ischemia reperfusion groups. Nevertheless, macrophage infiltration 3 days after ischemia reperfusion seems more important in RCS rats than in control rats. In addition, in vitro phagocytosis did not show any significant difference between RCS rats and their control. Our study suggests minimal involvement of the MerTK receptor in the development and repair of lesions during a sequence of renal ischemia reperfusion. Nevertheless, this work has enabled us to characterize and quantify the microparticles generated following renal ischemia reperfusion by techniques that could subsequently be used in the evaluation of biomarkers of renal lesions
Mamou, Zahida. "Aggravation des lésions d’ischémie myocardique par la levobupivacaïne : étude chez le porc : Effets des émulsions lipidiques ? : protection pharmacologique des lésions d’ischémie / reperfusion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10129.
Full textMyocardial ischemia is characterized by the development of ionic and metabolic disorders that result in the loss of the structural and functional cellular integrity, especially within mitochondria and, consequently, in alterations of cardiac electromechanical activity. In the context of this thesis, the following aspects have been investigated: (1) ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions and pharmacological measures of cardioprotection involving the calcium antagonist amlodipine, and the converting enzyme inhibitor perindorpilate. After describing the various electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and mitochondrial (both structural and functional) alterations induced by I/R, amlodipine and perindorpilate were administered either alone or combined, via a bolus IV injection, prior to a distal ligation of the anterior interventricular artery, and then one minute after reperfusion (Study II; n = 36 domestic piglets); (2) the acute cardiotoxicity of the local anesthetic levobupivacaine following an IV injection. Cardiotoxic effects were evaluated in two distinctive situations: preserved coronary circulation and experimental myocardial ischemia. Using both situations allows for mimicking levobupivacaine overdose in a healthy patient or a patient with coronary disease, respectively; (3) the possibly beneficial effect of lipid emulsions (Intralipid®) in both experimental conditions. Lipid emulsions were administered a few minutes following the IV injection of levobupivacaine (Study II, n=48 domestic piglets). These investigations were conducted in vivo on piglets anesthetized and ventilated. Electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters were measured at given intervals throughout the study. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and tissue samples of the left ventricles were withdrawn to measure the structure and function of mitochondria
Rossard, Ludivine. "Evaluation précoce et tardive des lésions du rein soumis à différentes conditions expérimentales d'ischémie reperfusion : étude dans un modèle pré-clinique chez le porc Large White." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT1403.
Full textSehnine, Mohammed. "Implication du récepteur ST2 de l'alarmine interleukin-33 dans le phénomène d'ischémie/reperfusion rénale : étude de l'influence d'un environnement hyperglycémique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT1407.
Full textRenal transplantation (RT) is the therapeutic strategy of choice for end-stage renal failure. The use of graft from extended criteria donors, including patients with diabetes, has become mandatory to cope with the shortage of grafts, despite an increased risk of graft dysfunction. Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a key step in RT. Diabetes is a risk-factor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), which mecanisms are not fully elucidated. Moreover, there are few experimental data on the deleterious effects of diabetes on ischemic AKI. We hypothesized that IL-33, as an alarmin, plays a key role at the crossroads linking hyperglycemia to I/R injury.The objective of this work was to study the effect of the deletion of the ST2 receptor of IL-33 on I/R injury in the context of hyperglycemic environment. We thus used a renal I/R model in transgenic mice lacking the IL-33 receptor (ST2). Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. We demonstrated that the deletion of ST2 has a renal protective effect in euglycemic conditions, suggesting an exacerbating effect of IL-33 in renal I/R injury. The protective effect induced by the absence of ST2 was lost in hyperglycemic conditions. Taken together, these findings indicate that IL-33 exerts differential effects depending on hyperglycemia. Clinically, given the deleterious impact of diabetes on the kidney, our results lead to propose to further study the place of IL-33 in chronic inflammation associated with diabetes and its effects on renal function
Ben, Abdennebi Hassen. "Optimisation de la viabilité du greffon hépatique de rat : étude sur le modèle de foie isolé perfusé." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T046.
Full textJouan, Marie-Gabrielle. "Protection du système cardiovasculaire au cours des phases aiguë et chronique de la reperfusion post-ischémique : hème-oxygénase-1 et resvératrol." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10279.
Full textThe present report refers to the study of the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular protection during the acute and chronic phases of post-myocardial infarction in the rat. The tirst step of 0 study has consisted in the evaluation of the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on the induction of Hemoxygenase-l cardiac expression in the rat. Our results show that an oral chronic pretreatment witl RSV (4mg/kg/day; 4 weeks) improves, although unsignificantly, a11 hemodynamic variables assessej during post-ischemic reperfusion of isolated perfused hearts. Converse1y, no induction of HO-: expression was made obvious in cardiac tissues after the treatment with RSV. Ln the second part 0 our study, we have investigated the effects of HO-l inhibition (ZnPPIX) during the acute phase 0 cardiac post-ischemic reperfusion in an in vivo model oftemporary left coronary artery ligation in th~ rat. Under our experimental conditions, HO-l inhibition worsened post-ischemic endothelia dysfunction, and altered left ventricular passive compliance assessed ex vivo 7 days after surgery. Il the last part of our study, we have demonstrated that HO-l inhibition (SnMP) during the early phasl after myocardial infarction in our experimental in vivo model, reduces cardiac performances durinJ the subsequent development of heart failure, and significantly deteriorates left ventricular passivi compliance. Ln contrast, a chronic 8 week pretreatment with resveratrol considerably improves thesl pathophysiological manifestations
Ferhat, Maroua. "L'alarmine IL-33, un médiateur clé des phénomènes d'ischémie-reperfusion rénale mettant en jeu les cellules iNKT." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT1405/document.
Full textIschemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in renal transplantation is characterized by leukocyte infiltration and tissue damage. However, the signals that initiate these events remain poorly understood. Assuming that alarmin release by necrotic cells during IRI is critical, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the role of alarmin IL-33 in kidney injury using a mouse model of renal IR. We observed release of IL-33 shortly after kidney IR concomitantly with an increase in plasma levels of IL-33 within one hour of reperfusion. IL-33 deficient mice (IL-33gt/gt) exhibited reduced renal IR-induced injury, as attested by function preservation, reduced histological change and attenuation of neutrophil recruitment compared to control mice. This was associated with the loss of IFN-γ/IL-17A-producing iNKT cell recruitment. In the meantime, iNKT cell-deficient (Jα18KO) mice, also protected against IRI, have increased levels of circulating IL-33.These findings lead us to propose that endogenous IL-33 contributes to kidney IRI by promoting iNKT cell recruitment and cytokine production, thereby promoting amplified neutrophil recruitment to the injured kidney. The present study identifies the nuclear alarmin interleukin (IL)-33 as an important and early mediator of innate immune response, involving iNKT cells, following experimental kidney ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of IR-induced injury and may lead to new therapeutic insights into renal-induced injury associated with renal transplantation
Vigneron, François. "Etude de la signalisation intracellulaire de la cardioprotection vis-à-vis des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion : implication de GSK-3β, de la voie WNT et de la voie mTOR." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21759/document.
Full textMyocardial infarction is a major problem of public health, whose prognosis is related to the extent of the infarcted territory. Transient episodes of ischemia/reperfusion before ischemia (ischemic PreConditioning (PreC)), or at the onset of reperfusion (ischemic PostConditioning (PostC)) confer myocardium resistance to lethal ischemia. However the exact mechanism of PreC and PostC remains obscure. Our objectives were to examine signaling events during PreC and PostC and their effects on cardioprotection in an isolated mouse heart model. We provide evidence that pharmacological PreC by direct activation of mitoKATP, like ischemic PreC, involve an amplification loop involving ROS production and resulting in a sustained down-regulation of GSK-3β via Akt activation and a constant opening of mitoKATP. The mTOR pathway is a target of this loop and participates to cardioprotection. Disruption of Wnt pathway by sFRP1 modulates this loop inducing GSK-3β activation. This is the first evidence that PreC involves both a pro-survival mTOR pathway and an embryonic developmental Wnt pathway targeting GSK-3β. During ischemic and pharmacological PostC, the same amplification loop is activated, including Akt, GSK-3β and the mitoKATP. Unlike PreC, PostC did not induce the mTOR survival pathway: neither phosphorylation of mTOR nor of its targets p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were observed. However, cardiac overexpression of a Wnt antagonist, impairing PreC through GSK3-β, was unable to abolish cardioprotection afforded by PostC. PostC signaling differs from the preC pathway. Despite these discrepancies, GSK-3β plays a key role in both types of cardioprotection
Joubert, Michaël. "Diabète et remodelage cardiaque : approches physiopathologiques et mécanistiques." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3164.
Full textType 2 diabetes is growing epidemic worldwide and this metabolic disease is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Long term hyperglycemia is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, especially in coronary arteries, but diabetes also causes direct myocardial abnormalities (diabetic cardiomyopathy). The mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of diabetes on the heart are not yet fully explained. Using a rodent models with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we explored the impact of diabetes, especially glycemic variability, on ischemia-reperfusion injury and the early impact of diabetes on the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition, using a mouse model of lipo-atrophic diabetes, we also studied the mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy and in particular the consequences of glucotoxicity. Parallel to this work, a methodological study evaluated the reproducibility of cardiac MRI in rodents, the main exploration tool for our work
Amrouche, Lucile. "Implication de miR-146a en physiopathologie rénale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB105.
Full textIndependently of its cause, acute kidney injury leads to the development of tubular injury and interstitial inflammation that need to be controlled to avoid fibrosis development. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of the balance between lesions and adaptive repair. Using HK2 human proximal tubular epithelial cells, we studied in vitro the response to pro-inflammatory cytokines and the regulation of miR-146a. We explored its targets in HK2 cells after stimulation by IL-1β. In vivo we explored the effect of unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in wild-type or miR-146a invalidated mice. In pro-inflammatory conditions, we identified miR-146a to be transcriptionally upregulated by ligands of the interleukin-1-toll-like receptor signaling in HK2 cells. IL-1β treatment induced miR-146a expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through the activation of NF-κB, as confirmed by siRNA and luciferase reporter vector experiments. MiR-146a acted as a negative feedback regulator of this critical pathway by targeting IRAK1, thus decreasing CXCL8/CXCL1 expression by injured tubular cells. In vivo, miR-146a was found to be induced in response to renal IRI in a mouse model of renal unilateral IRI seven days after the injury. In human, miR-146a was found to be induced in the renal allograft of patients who experienced acute tubular necrosis early after transplantation as compared to patients with normal allograft biopsy results (P<0.05). Mir-146a levels were also increased in urine samples collected ten days after renal transplantation in recipients of a deceased donor kidney as compared to recipients of a living donor kidney (P<0.01). In situ hybridization localized up-regulated miR-146a mostly in tubular cells after IRI. Fourteen days after unilateral IRI, miR-146a-/- mice had greater tubular injury, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis compared with wild-type mice. Inhibition of the CXCL8/CXCL1 signaling using reparixin, a CXCR2 inhibitor, prevented the development of tubular injury, inflammation and fibrosis after IRI in miR-146a-/- mice. In conclusion, these results highlight miR-146a as a key mediator of the renal response to injury by limiting the consequences of inflammation, a key process in the development of acute and chronic kidney diseases
Noll, Éric. "Ischémie-reperfusion musculaire squelettique expérimentale : place de la lactatémie capillaire dans le monitorage de la reperfusion et transposition au modèle intestinal." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ006/document.
Full textOur objectives for this experimental work were: 1. Assessment of capillary lactate for tissue ischemia and reperfusion monitoring. 2. Compare the local and systemic capillary lactate time course during compartmental ischemia insults like limb ischemia, intestinal ischemia or during hemorrhagic shock. The capillary measurement of the lactate in IR could be interesting for: 1. Assessing a limb or intestinal tissue ischemia. On the opposite, the systemic measurement could not assess this diagnosis. 2. Assessing the efficiency of a limb reperfusion. On the opposite, the systemic measurement could not assess this diagnosis. The systemic capillary lactate measurement during haemorrhagic shock related hypo perfusion could not be associated with an increase in intra muscular lactate
Sebbag, Laurent. "De l'agression biologique à l'adaptation métabolique : déterminisme cellulaire de l'étendue de la nécrose myocardique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T256.
Full textGory, Benjamin. "Caractérisation IRM d’un modèle murin d’ischémie-reperfusion cérébrale induit par cathétérisme de l’artère cérébrale moyenne et évaluation du post-conditionnement à la Cyclosporine A." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1208/document.
Full textEarly and complete reperfusion is the most effective therapy to limit the extent of brain infarction. The treatment of acute anterior ischemic stroke has been revolutionized by the intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy allowing a 70% recanalization rate and a significant reduction of morbidity compared with thrombolysis alone. The prognosis of basilar artery occlusion remains catastrophic, and to date any trial has demonstrated the benefit of intra-arterial approach. In the first part of the work, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all previous studies of stent retriever thrombectomy in basilar artery occlusion patients between November 2010 and April 2014: recanalization (TICI≥2b)=81% (95% CI: 73-87); symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at 24 hours=4% (95% CI 2-8); favorable neurological outcome (mRS≤2 at 3 months)=42% (95% CI: 36-48); mortality=30%(95% CI 25-36). Intra-arterial approach opens new avenues for the developement of treatments for brain infarction, but a relevant animal model of acute ischemic stroke is required for preclinical evaluation. In the second part of the work, we evaluated the spatiotemporal evolution of cerebral ischemia by sequential multimodal MRI in a new minimally invasive model of transient focal ischemia by selective intra-arterial occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rat. A complete occlusion of the proximal portion of the middle cerebral artery was observed in 75% of 16 operated rats, and a mismatch diffusion/perfusion in 77% of cases. Acute stroke volume during arterial occlusion was 90±64 mm3 on diffusion-weighted imaging, and 57±67 mm3 at 24 hours on T2-weighted imaging. Recanalization is associated with tissue reperfusion in 36% of cases. The hypoperfusion persisted in the majority of animals 3 hours after recanalization. Brain infarction was cortical in 31%, striatal in 25%, and corticalstriatal in 44% of cases. All animals were alive at 24 hours, confirming the minimally invasive nature of the model. Although reperfusion saves a portion of ischemic tissue, it also carries specific irreversible damage, called reperfusion injury, in addition to initial damage caused by ischemia. Limiting the size of infarction is a major objective. In the third part, we tested the neuroprotective effect of Cyclosporine A in reducing the lesion volume and functional outcome. A total of 48 adult rats underwent the intra-arterial ischemia reperfusion procedure, and were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (control, preconditioning, intravenous and intra-arterial postconditioning with Cyclosporine A). Intravenous or intra arterial injection of Cyclosporine A at reperfusion does not either reduce the volume of stroke or improve the neurological outcome. Administation of Cyclosporin A at reperfusion does not limit the extension of reperfusion injuries within the ischemic risk area at 24 hours
Panel, Mathieu. "Étude de l'effet de nouveaux ligands de la cyclophiline D sur le pore de transition de perméabilité mitochondrial et de leur effet protecteur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS490/document.
Full textIschemia-reperfusion can occur in various pathophysiological situations such as myocardial infarction or organ transplantation. The only available treatment of ischemia relies on a timely reperfusion which paradoxically causes additional damage, so-called « reperfusion injury ». Mitochondria play a central role in this phenomenon through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) which extends cell death. mPTP opening is modulated by the matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD). CypD inhibition by cyclosporin A (CsA), the most described CypD inhibitor, limits reperfusion injury in vivo. Nevertheless, recent clinical trials failed to recapitulate such protection in the context of myocardial infarction, emphasizing the urge to develop new mPTP inhibitors. Here, we investigated the effects of new CypD ligands on mPTP opening. We demonstrated that these small molecules unrelated to CsA are potent mPTP inhibitors and that the most active compound, C31, exhibited stronger mPTP-inhibiting properties as compared to CsA. C31 also inhibited mPTP opening in primary hepatocytes and isolated cardiomyocytes. In vivo, C31 reaches liver mitochondria and protects mitochondrial function in a hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model. Nevertheless, C31 metabolic stability hampers cardiac uptake of the compound. Further development of these new inhibitors might lead to interesting candidates to protect organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury
Dalloz, Florence. "Implication des radicaux libres oxygénés dans les incidences fonctionnelles et métaboliques d'une irradiation cardiaque seule ou associée à un traitement par la doxorubicine chez le rat." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOMU03.
Full textCour, Martin. "Transition de perméabilité mitochondriale et syndrome post-arrêt cardiaque." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10117.
Full textCardiac arrest (CA) is a public health with more than 50,000 sudden deaths annually in France. A majority of immediate survivors die of multiple organ failure combined with systemic inflammatory response known as the post-CA syndrome. Resuscitated CA represents a model of whole body ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions. Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which can be inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA), play a key role in reperfusion injury after focal ischemia. We hypothesized that therapeutic intervention targeting the mPTP could prevent the post-CA syndrome. In the present work, we developed a model of CA in rabbits and we used mitochondria preparations from vital organs to study the role of the permeability transition in the pathophysiology of the post-CA syndrome. In our first study, we have determined that CsA, by inhibiting mPTP opening (in heart), prevented CA-induced myocardial dysfunction. We extended this demonstration to the other vital organs and therefore reported a ubiquitous mitochondrial protective effect of CsA. Subsequently, we have focused our research on the influence of temperature on mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the post-CA syndrome. Our experimental findings open up new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of CA in Humans
Al-Mawla, Ribal. "Modulation pharmacologique de la fuite calcique du réticulum sarcoplasmique au sein de cardiomyocytes soumis à l'hypoxie/réoxygénation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1125/document.
Full textBACKGROUND: During myocardial infarction, alteration of calcium homeostasis between sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria and cytosol occurs in cardiomyocytes (CM) and leads to cell death. Calcium leak channels are thought to be key regulators of the reticular calcium homeostasis. Translocon (TLC), a major component of the translation machinery, is a major reticular calcium leak channel.METHODS: By the mean of photonics, we first assessed the spatial organization and the function of TLC in the SR of adult mouse CM. In a second time, we questioned if and how the pharmacological TLC modulation could reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated heart injury in a model of mouse myocardial infarction.RESULTS: Our data show that TLC is specifically located in the longitudinal SR in adult mouse CM. We demonstrate that puromycin induces a partial reduction of calcium stores in the longitudinal SR, while we observe no alteration in the ryanodine receptor-dependent calcium stores in the junctional SR. Puromycin preconditioning of mouse subjected to myocardial infarction significantly decreases the infarct area by near 30.9±6.3%. This is correlated with a decrease in the activation of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins and an increase of a pro-survival mechanism: autophagy. We further demonstrated that puromycin preconditioning decreases the rate of calcium increase in the cytosol of adult CM during the ischemia duration in correlation with the decreased activation of calcium-dependent calpains.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we characterized TLC as a leak channel specifically located in the longitudinal SR compartment of adult mouse CM. We found that the pharmacological activation of TLC before myocardial infarction exerts a preconditioning effect on myocardium without altering the ryanodine-dependent calcium stores. Altogether, these findings emphasize the present knowledge on the duality between junctional and longitudinal SR in CM and open up new therapeutic perspectives
Harhous, Zeina. "Deciphering the Interlink between STAT3 and MAPKs in Ischemia/Reperfusion and Ischemic Conditioning." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1145.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the mostly prevailing cardiovascular diseases is myocardial infarction, which is pathologically defined as myocardial death due to a prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is an insufficient supply of blood caused by a blockade in the coronary arteries. The early restoration of blood flow is considered the most effective method against the ischemic lesions. Paradoxically, this blood flow restoration is associated with an exacerbation of the tissue injury, leading to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. To avoid this injury, the myocardial ischemic conditioning protocol has rejuvenated the field of cardioprotection. This protocol confers its cardioprotective effects via recruiting various endogenous mechanisms following the activation of two intracellular pathways: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) or survivor activator factor enhancer (SAFE) pathways. These pathways involve the activation of different signaling cascades and protein kinases. Zooming in through the SAFE pathway, the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, STAT3, has been identified as a prominent key player in ischemic postconditioning (IPoC). The cardioprotective effects attributed to STAT3 are suggested to be linked to its roles as a transcription factor and as a regulator of the mitochondrial activity, but these are not well studied and elaborated. STAT3 is activated by phosphorylation, which targets the tyrosine 705 and serine 727 residues. In our current work, we initially aimed to investigate the mitochondrial cardioprotective roles of STAT3 following I/R and IPoC. However, we were not able to detect STAT3 in the mitochondria of adult mouse cardiomyocytes under variousbasal and stress conditions using different approaches. Interestingly, we showed an exclusive STAT3 pattern in adult cardiac myocytes, along the T-tubules, and highlighted drawbacks of previously used techniques. Aside from the mitochondrial roles of STAT3, we targeted its signaling and genomic roles during I/R and IPoC. We first aimed to determine, during I/R and IPoC, the temporal kinetics of activation of STAT3 and the other kinases of the RISK pathway including Akt and the MAPKs ERK1/2, JNK and p38. In addition, we aimed to decipher the interlink between the SAFE and RISK pathways through deciphering the interlink between STAT3 and the RISK kinases following IPoC. We showed that a short reperfusion time activates STAT3 and ERK1/2 following ischemia, and that the application of IPoC further activates STAT3 through inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. We also showed that the interlink between SAFE and RISK pathways, in the IPoC protocol we used, is through STAT3 and ERK1/2. From this signaling level, we moved toward the genomic level whereby we investigated the genomic activity of STAT3 during IPoC. In this regard, we have shown that STAT3 is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response during IPoC. Overall, this study presents a global approach of STAT3’s mitochondrial, signaling and genomic functions in the context of cardiac protection