Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lésion traumatique'
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Soubeyrand, Marc. "Etude de la perfusion médullaire après lésion traumatique de la moelle épinière à dure-mère intacte." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114837.
Full textAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), ischaemia aggravates lesions.Increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure can worsens ischaemia through a tamponnade effect.In humans, it has been shown that after SCI with intact dura mater, CSF pressure significantlyincreases. Therefore, preserving CSF pressure within a physiological range may limit post-traumaischaemia and improve neurological outcome. In order to experimentally study these phenomenon,we have dedicated the first part of that work to create a model of SCI in rats preserving dura’sintegrity and allowing simultaneous measurement of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and CSFpressure. We have confirmed that CSF pressure increases after SCI with intact dura. In the secondexperimental part, we have developed a technique allowing to perform spatial and temporalmeasurement of SCBF thanks to contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEU). Moreover, thistechnique allows real-time measurement of the size of the parenchymal hemorrhage. In the thirdexperimental part, we have used our experimental model in association with CEU and LaserDoppler to assess the effects of early injection of norepinephrine on SCBF and parenchymalhemorrhage. We found that norepinephrine induces a slight increase in superficial SCBF while itdoesn’t modify deep SCBF and significantly increases the size of parenchymal hemorrhage
Baussart, Bertrand. "Stratégie de restauration de la fonction diaphragmatique après lésion traumatique de la moelle épinière cervicale haute." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T111.
Full textViet, Caroline. "La régénération axonale dans la moe͏̈lle épinière de mammifères adultes, après lésion traumatique expérimentale : facteurs inhibiteurs et stratégies réparatrices." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P091.
Full textCamand, Emeline. "Interactions neurone-glie dans la mise en place de la cicatrice gliale après lésion traumatique du système nerveux central." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066012.
Full textProvencher, Marianne. "L'adéquation entre les besoins en matière d'emploi des personnes ayant une lésion médullaire d'origine traumatique et les mesures visant à soutenir le retour en emploi; la perspective de personnes ayant une lésion médullaire et d'intervenants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30236/30236.pdf.
Full textChedly, Jamila. "Biomatériau à base de chitosane pour la restauration de la moelle épinière traumatique de rat : analyses anatomiques et fonctionnelles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066338.
Full textRegeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury generally fails due to a cascade of cellular and molecular events, including blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown,persistent and uncontrolled inflammation, and glial scarring and cavity formation combined with the presence of axon growth-inhibitory molecules. While efficient therapies are still lacking, recent progress in the design of implantable biomaterials may well open up new possibilites for their development. Chitosan hydrogels (hCh) seem particularly promising as their biological properties can be fine-tuned, notably by their degree of acetylation (DA). In the context of a rat dorsal spinal cord hemisection, I have tested different formulations of fragmented hCh for their ability to integrate into lesioned host tissue without creating additional inflammation, or excessive astrocytic reaction. Thus, I found that implantation of hCh particles of 4% DA allows for tissue reconstruction by attracting different cell types and recreating a functional vasculature. Importantly, it modulates the inflammatory response, favoring polarization of invading macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. In lesioned-implanted animals, the glial scar is less fibrous, astrocyte processes are mainly oriented towards the lesion and accompany a robust regrowth of fibers, whose origin was identified by axon tracing and immunohistochemistry. Many of these fibers are myelinated or ensheathed by Schwann cells, maintained at long term in the implant. Finally, this structural remodeling is associated with significant, long-lasting recovery of locomotor function, as I have shown by open-field and gait analysis
Sadlaoud, Ilhem Karina. "Plasticité post-traumatique des systèmes inhibiteurs spinaux chez le rat adulte et au cours du développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5039.
Full textMaturation of inhibitory postsynaptic transmission onto motoneurons in the rat occurs during the perinatal period, a time window during which pathways arising from the brainstem reach the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. There is a developmental switch in miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) from predominantly long-duration GABAergic to short-duration glycinergic events. We investigated the effects of a complete neonatal [postnatal day 0 (P0)] spinal cord transection (SCT) on the expression of Glycine and GABAA receptor subunits (GlyR and GABAAR subunits) in lumbar motoneurons. In P7 animals with neonatal SCT (SCT-P7), the GlyR densities were unchanged compared with controls of the same age, while the developmental down regulation of GABAAR was prevented. After spinal cord injury, the disruption of flexion/extension and left-right alternations is largely attributed to a deterioration of the inhibitory circuitry below the lesion, but most of the cellular mechanisms are still unknown. Our aim of this was to measure the alteration of the GABA and glycinergic synaptic transmission on lumbar motoneurons (Mns) after spinal cord transection (SCT) in the adult rat, and evaluate the benefit of manual training and stepping recovery on the inhibitory networks. All in all our results show that, the presynaptic and postsynaptic components of the glycinergic synapses are relatively preserved on lumbar Mns. We developed a manual training procedure, based on daily alternate phases of imposed stepping and free walking in enriched environment. Pharmacological treatment with 5-HT2 receptor agonists allowed a standing recovery and alternate stepping
Rhrich-Haddout, Fatiha. "Greffe de tissu nerveux fœtal homotypique et hétérotypique dans la moelle épinière du rat adulte après lésion traumatique expérimentale : étude morphologique et immunocytochimique de la différenciation des neurones transplantes." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD08.
Full textHonoré, Axel. "Effet des Cellules Gliales Olfactives issues des Bulbes Olfactifs sur les cellules souches épendymaires et leur progénie après une lésion médullaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR060/document.
Full textThe spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to the damages of the spinal cord or nerves and often cause permanent changes in body functions leading to the death. Cell therapies have raised great hope for regenerative medicine. Clinical data showed that the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) enhanced functional recovery after SCI and could be a very attractive therapeutic approach. Moreover, the discovery of a new endogenous resident stem cell population, lining the central canal of the spinal cord, named ependymal stem cells, represents a new hope for the therapy. This thesis analyzed the role of OECs transplantation, on the behaviour of ependymal stem cells since these cells, together with astrocytes and pericytes significantly contribute to the recovery of SCI. The use of the mouse model hFoxJ1-CreERT2::YFP (allowing to specifically follow the ependymal stem cells ant their progeny) showed that OECs increased in vitro the self-renewal potential of spinal cord stem cells and modified their differentiation pathway towards a neural type. In vivo, OECs transplantation significantly increases the proliferation of ependymal cells and their differenciation into hypo-reactive astrocytes leading to the formation of a beneficial environment to neuronal survival and the neurogenesis establishment. Our results also showed for the first time that OECs transplantation after SCI allows the generation of new neurons by non-ependymal cell-derived progenitors. These results represent a new hope in the establishment of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SCI in humans
Mallah, Khalil. "In depth systemic biology analysis of central nervous system injuries." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1S108/document.
Full textIn the context of studying biological alterations occurring post impact to the central nervous system, my thesis was focused on studying the proteomic and lipid changes occurring post injury to the brain and spinal cord. A fundamental spatio-temporal study was conducted on an open-head rat TBI model to identify potential injury-specific markers. Using MALDI MSI, we performed 3D reconstruction of the injured brain at 3 days after injury and depicted lesion-specific m/z lipid molecules. After, MALDI MSI was applied on the acute/sub-acute time frame post impact: 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days. In parallel, a microproteomic analysis was carried out on tissue segments directly consecutive to the imaged ones in an approach to correlate both lipid and protein changes. Our results yielded the identification of a family of lipids, acylcarnitines, which are expressed within the injured cortex with maximum intensity 3 days post impact. These lipid molecules also were found to be expressed in the substantia nigra and microproteomics data showed an upregulation in expression of Parkinson’s related proteins. Taken altogether, our results depict a role of link between mild-TBI and Parkinson’s disease as early as 3 days post impact, with a possible role of acylcarnitine. This same family of molecules was also present in SCI. In a therapeutic approach previous results showed RhoA protein as a major candidate post impact in SCI. After using RhoA inhibitor treatment, a proteomic study was carried out to investigate its impact on SCI. The results showed that both in-vivo and in-vitro treatment with RhoA inhibitor stimulated neurite outgrowth and helped in axonal regeneration
Woods, Jamie. "Le trouble stress post-traumatique en contexte de traumatisme crânio-cérébral : caractéristiques pré- et péri-traumatiques associées et effet à long terme sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé et la participation sociale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69377.
Full textLoignon, Alexandra, and Alexandra Loignon. "Taux de comorbidité du traumatisme cranio-cérébral et du trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les civils et les militaires : une méta-analyse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37479.
Full textLa fréquence et les facteurs de risque entourant le développement d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) après un traumatisme cranio-cérébral (TCC) sont méconnus. Étant davantage disposés à subir des blessures physiques et à vivre des expériences potentiellement traumatiques, les militaires pourraient être plus à risque de présenter la comorbidité TCC-TSPT. Le présent mémoire vise à documenter la fréquence du TSPT après un TCC, les mécanismes expliquant le développement de cette double condition, ses particularités symptomatologiques ainsi que les conditions la favorisant. Une recension systématique et une méta-analyse ont été réalisées pour déterminer si les adultes ayant subi un TCC présentent plus de risque de développer un TSPT que ceux sans TCC ayant vécu une expérience similaire, et si ce risque est plus élevé chez les militaires comparativement aux civils. Un objectif secondaire vise à déterminer les facteurs augmentant les risques de présenter ce double diagnostic. Les résultats de la méta-analyse de 33 études suggèrent que le risque de TSPT est 2,68 fois plus élevé (27%) après un TCC qu’en l’absence d’une telle blessure (11%). De plus, les militaires avec un TCC présentent 4,18 fois plus de TSPT (37%) que ceux sans TCC, comparativement à 1,26 pour les civils (16%). Le risque de présenter le double diagnostic varie selon la méthodologie des études (objectifs liés au TSPT, groupe de comparaison) et les caractéristiques spécifiques des participants (pays d’origine, sexe, type d’événement traumatique). La présence d’un TCC représente un facteur de risque pour le développement d’un TSPT, et ce, spécialement chez les militaires et les vétérans. La cooccurrence de ces deux troubles complique le portrait des patients, la charge des proches et le travail des cliniciens. Ce double diagnostic requière une collaboration interdisciplinaire étant donné la complexité du portrait des personnes ayant été soumises à un trauma autant physique que psychologique.
The risk of developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that may affect the manifestation of both disorders in a same individual remain to be clarified. Military personnel (including veterans who have been active members) are at higher risk of physical injuries and exposure to potentially traumatic events and could be particularly susceptible to display the TBI-PTSD comorbidity. This dissertation aims to depict the frequency of PTSD after TBI, the mechanisms behind the development of this dual diagnosis, its symptomatic particularities and risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if adults with TBI are at greater risk of developing PTSD than other trauma-exposed populations, and if this risk is even greater in military than in civilian populations. A secondary aim was to determine the factors that increase the probability to experience PTSD after TBI. Results from the 33 studies that were included in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of developing PTSD is 2.68 times greater (27%) after TBI than when there is no such head injury (11%). Moreover, individuals with TBI are 4.18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD than those without TBI when they are in the military (37%), compared with 1.26 for civilians (16%). The risk of PTSD after TBI is concurrently attributable to the methods of the included studies (objectives focused on PTSD diagnosis, type of comparison group) and to participants’ characteristics (country, sex, type of traumatic event). TBI diagnosis represents greater risk for PTSD, especially in military and veteran settings. The dual diagnosis of TBI and PTSD complicates the patients’ portrait, the burden of the caregivers and the clinicians’ work. The combination of these disorders requires an interdisciplinary collaboration, as physical and psychological traumas are closely intertwined.
The risk of developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that may affect the manifestation of both disorders in a same individual remain to be clarified. Military personnel (including veterans who have been active members) are at higher risk of physical injuries and exposure to potentially traumatic events and could be particularly susceptible to display the TBI-PTSD comorbidity. This dissertation aims to depict the frequency of PTSD after TBI, the mechanisms behind the development of this dual diagnosis, its symptomatic particularities and risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if adults with TBI are at greater risk of developing PTSD than other trauma-exposed populations, and if this risk is even greater in military than in civilian populations. A secondary aim was to determine the factors that increase the probability to experience PTSD after TBI. Results from the 33 studies that were included in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of developing PTSD is 2.68 times greater (27%) after TBI than when there is no such head injury (11%). Moreover, individuals with TBI are 4.18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD than those without TBI when they are in the military (37%), compared with 1.26 for civilians (16%). The risk of PTSD after TBI is concurrently attributable to the methods of the included studies (objectives focused on PTSD diagnosis, type of comparison group) and to participants’ characteristics (country, sex, type of traumatic event). TBI diagnosis represents greater risk for PTSD, especially in military and veteran settings. The dual diagnosis of TBI and PTSD complicates the patients’ portrait, the burden of the caregivers and the clinicians’ work. The combination of these disorders requires an interdisciplinary collaboration, as physical and psychological traumas are closely intertwined.
Lescure, Alain. "Hémobilie post-traumatique : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M139.
Full textNephtali, Corinne. "Les méningites post-traumatiques." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M104.
Full textArras, Mohamed. "Complication médiastinale traumatique du massage cardiaque externe." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11039.
Full textDurand-Billaud, Eric. "Antécédents de traumatisme crânien dans des populations détenues : étude du lien entre lésion cérébrale et délinquance." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066525/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic brain injury in a population of incomers in prison. A further aim was to study co-variables that can have an impact on criminality when associated with a history of traumatic brain injury. A systematic review was performed to estimate an average prevalence of history of traumatic brain injury, which was found to be 46%. Then, a descriptive epidemiological study, which included 1,148 incomers in prison, was carried out at Fleury Merogis prison. The prevalence of history of traumatic brain injury was 30.6%. Among the adult male population, males who declared a history of traumatic brain injury spent more time in prison and came more often in prison during the past 5 years. They also declared a worse perceived health. They were more likely to report an epilepsy, psychiatric care, alcohol, cannabis and psychotropic drugs use. Among females, perceived health was worse and alcohol consumption was more common for females with a history of traumatic brain injury. When comparing males and females who declared a history of traumatic brain injury, no difference was found except a worse perceived health for women and a greater use of cannabis for men. The analyses regarding juveniles are still ongoing. These results provide further evidence that a number of measures have to be developed regarding medical and social care for this population
Frénisy, Marie-Claude. "Traumatisme crânien grave, traumatisme psychique et facteurs d'ajustement psychologique." Dijon, 2001. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/efed257e-b957-4c8f-b950-a37087caa347.
Full textThe sufferers of Severe Brain Injury (SBI), most of them victims of road accidents, were young adults. They exhibited cognitive and psychopathological disorders and, in some cases, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (little known in the literature). These disorders were probably due to a variety of factors (lesions, reactions, factors associated with subjects’ earlier personalities etc. ). We have attempted to contribute to the understanding of such patients by examining a number of different models : Stress, Health Psychology, the concept of psychic trauma and the idea of resilience. This study compared an (SBI) group with two control groups (multiple traumas, slight injuries). Some of the subjects adapted better to their trauma in all three groups involved in the study. This can be accounted for by protective factors (individual and environmental adjustment factors), while vulnerability factors were also observed. The data revealed by this study may have therapeutic consequences. In effect, following an evaluation of the different factors, it should be possible to design a specific psychological care program tailored to each individual as a function of his or her vulnerability factors (if present) and, most importantly, on the basis of his or her personal resources
Desclaux, Alain. "Valeur diagnostique et pronostique de l'hématurie microscopique post-traumatique." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11166.
Full textIgounet, Jean-François. "Les ruptures traumatiques de la fenêtre ronde." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11269.
Full textPeter-Favre, Claire. "Communication verbale et pathologie post-traumatique : interactions conversationnelles avec une patiente souffrant de lésions bifrontales." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21025.
Full textPervasive social maladaptation in a patient (AB) suffering from bilateral orbitofrontal lesions due to traumatic head injury is observed during conversations. The patient chats with her mother (M), then with 2 familiar neuropsychologists (NPS). In the control situation, one of the NPS chats with M. The speech acts and their properties are analysed according to the theory of the illocutionary logic (Searle et Vanderveken, 1985) as applied to the conversational interactions by Trognon and Ghiglione (1993) and adapted to our case. The comparisons of the speakers in each of the three experimental conversations show that the patient uses more often assertive and direct speech acts when her partners use directive ones, either direct (questions) or indirect (orders or requests). The patient allows for less success when the directive acts are indirect than when they are direct ; but once success is allowed, satisfaction follows in most cases. The acts of the partners are more often directive when they speak to the patient than when they talk together ; their satisfactions are balanced when they speak together but both get more satisfactions when they talk to the patient. The result may be interpreted according to a pathology of the supervisory attentional system (SAS) as conceptualized by Shallice and Bugess (1991) : the assertive and direct speech acts as well as the success of the satisfied acts could be managed with little control of the supervisory attentional system (SAS) when indirect acts which imply complex operations of inference could need more cognitive ressources of the SAS. The conversational behavior of the patient may be related to a dysfunction of the SAS due to the bilateral orbitofrontal lesions
Temple, Sabine. "Les méningites post-traumatiques en pédiatrie." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11088.
Full textJourdain, Christophe. "Dissection carotidienne post traumatique : à propos d'un cas au CHR de Perpignan." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11005.
Full textSakka, Laurent. "Evaluation d'un peptide de synthèse dans la réparation des lésions traumatiques de la substance blanche." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF1S001/document.
Full textIn this work, we have studied the efficacy of a TSR-derived peptide in white matter repair. Neuroprotective properties were studied using two models of oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro. NX210 increases cell viability after exposition to H2O2, one the main ROS that take part in the secondary lesion. Anti-oxidant action was mediated by the scavenger property of the molecule and the stimulation of signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic action was assessed by measuring caspase 3/7 activity. NX210 inhibits caspase 3/7 activity according to a dose effect relation. Neurorepair was assessed using two separate rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI). In the model provided by section of both dorsal funiculi, NX210 stimulates early axonal growth that predominates on sensory fibers and displays a fasciculate organization. At the site of regrowth, neurofilaments were colocalized with laminin, a molecule involved in fasciculation and axonal guidance during embryogenesis. Clinical efficiency was assessed using a contusive model of SCI. Body weight was early and constantly increased in NX210 treated animals as compared to vehicle treated animals. Improvement in locomotor behavior was appraised with the open field tests. Path length was significantly increased while time spent in central cells was constantly decreased in NX210 treated animals. A BBB score above 14 only performed by NX210 treated animals was related to the restoration of coordination between forelimbs and hind limbs. Normalization of reflexes such as paw placement and toe spread in NX210 treated animals could becorrelated to the recovery of supraspinal control. The action on cell recruiting was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a rat model of corpus callosum section. The lesion was performed near the subventricular zone to study cell proliferation and migration from the stem cell niche to the site of injury. The lack of NeuN immunostaining confirmed the absence of neural cells recruitment. Myelin debris identified by MBP immunostaining were located at a distance from the site of injury. GFAP and NG2cells significantly more numerous in NX210 treated animals identified astrocyte and oligodendrocyte recruitment all around the lesion site
Poloujadoff, Marie-Pierre. "Evaluation de différentes stratégies thérapeutiques pour la prise en charge initiale du choc hémorragique traumatique." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132022.
Full textPatients with profound hypotension in the pre-hospital phase have a high mortality. Patients who recover their blood pressure before hospital admission have better outcome, which emphasizes the importance of pre-hospital resuscitation. Our experimental model consists in an uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS) associated or not with a lateral fluid percussion trauma head injury (LFP) in rats. During USH, an infusion of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution may not increase the rate of survival compared to conventional treatment, and appears to be associated with renal toxicity. Using norepinephrine alows a normotensive resuscitation, and is beneficial on survival, bleeding, and resuscitation volum. When USH is associated with LFP, using isotonic saline in a normotensive resuscitation leads to an increase in mortality. However, the early use of norepinephrine significantly improves survival in normotensive resuscitation
Hauwelle, Marc. "Traitement chirurgical de la pseudarthrose post-traumatique de la clavicule." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M078.
Full textSermot, Thierry. "Actualisation du suivi médico-sportif du joueur de baseball : aspects physiopathologiques et prévention des lésions traumatiques." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M179.
Full textRuel-Laliberté, Jessica. "L'effet de l'âge des culots globulaires transfusés sur le pronostic neurologique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral ABLE-tbi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67919.
Full textIntroduction: Anemia is frequent in critically ill patients with traumatic brain (TBI), often leading to red blood cells (RBC) transfusions. RBC prolonged storage may cause a decreased ability to carry oxygen. Considering the susceptibility of the brain to hypoxemia, the age of RBC transfused to TBI patients may have an impact on outcomes. Methods: We conducted an a priori planned analysis of the TBI patients enrolled (n=217) in the ABLE study, a large multicenter RCT comparing the use of fresh blood to the use of standard issued blood in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Our primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe); secondary outcomes were ICU, hospital and 6-month mortality. Results: Patient characteristics were comparable between groups. In the fresh group, 73.1% of the patients had an unfavourable neurological outcome (GOSe ≤ 4) as compared to 64.5% in the standard group (P = 0.21). We observed no overall effect of fresh red blood cells on neurologic outcome (OR 1.34 [0.72-2.50]; P = 0.35) but observed differences across prognostic bands with a decreased odds of unfavourable outcome in patients with the best prognosis at baseline (OR 0.33 [0.11-0.96] P = 0.04) but an increased odds in those with intermediate and worst baseline prognosis (OR 5.88 [1.66-20.81]; P = 0.006 and 1.67[0.53-5.30] P = 0.38), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, transfusion of fresh red blood cells was not associated with a better neurological outcome at 6 months. However, we cannot exclude a differential effect according to the patient baseline prognosis.
Sirois, Katia. "Une intervention cognitive clinique auprès d'enfants ayant subi un traumatisme crânien cérébral." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/MQ31796.pdf.
Full textLamy, Michael. "Modélisation mécanique du cerveau de rat : application au traumatisme cérébral." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6150.
Full textTraumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a major cause of deaths and disabilities in our societies. They often result from falls or motor vehicle collisions, when the head sustains a mechanical loading. Studying those injuries is a crucial issue; but the criteria governing the occurrence of said lesions remain not well known, as brain injuries are in essence the results of unforeseeable events, and thus can only be analyzed a posteriori. Therefore, the current work of thesis aimed to deal with brain injuries through a combined approach of experimental animal protocols and numerical models. In a first step, a finite element model (FEM) of the rat brain is developed. Based upon medical imaging, a detailed mesh of the brain is achieved, representing several main anatomical components; then, a mechanical characterization is defined. After a phase of validation and parametric tests, the model is used to simulate experimental protocols in which the rat head sustains angular accelerations loadings. Experimental results and numerical responses from the FEM were confronted to each other, to contribute to the knowledge on brain injury mechanisms. The first set of simulations deals with loadings related to mild TBI. New mechanical indicators are proposed, and prove to be better correlated with animal behavioral deficits than the usual mechanical parameters (stresses and strains). The second group of simulations focuses on loadings responsible for moderate to severe TBI. By comparing anatomical and histological data to numerical results, new thresholds are proposed, concerning Von Mises stresses and first principal strains levels, for the occurrence of severe TBI
Albanèse, Jacques. "Effets sur l'hémodynamique cérébrale des agents sédatifs lors de l'hypertension intracrânienne post-traumatique humaine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20681.
Full textOpioids serve as a basis for sedation of head trauma patients with intracranial hypertension. Nevertheless, our first two studies showed sufentanil, but also fentanyl and alfentanil at equialagesic dosages, increases intracranial pressure, after a drop in blood pressure. In a third study, we showed remifentanil has similar effects. Because of these adverse effects, an alternative consists on the use an agents without deleterious effect on systemic hemodynamics. Ketamine has interesting properties regarding these effects. However, prior studies suggested that ketamine might increase intracranial pressure. In a fourth study done on mechanically ventilated patients, we demonstrated a decrease in intracranial pressure during ketamine bolus. In addition, we showed that, in fifth study, ketamine could be safely used like sufentanil. Finally, our last study confirmed the feasibility of ketamine and sufentanil for sedation of head trauma patient in target controlled infusion
Assy, Coralie. "L'intensité d'utilisation des ressources pour les hospitalisations suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral : étude de cohorte multicentrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35010.
Full textWithin universal health systems, the lack of information regarding resource utilisation for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) care impedes efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of care in this patient population. To address this knowledge gap, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in the province of Quebec. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inter-hospital variation in resource use for TBI admissions, identify patient-level determinants of resource use intensity and evaluate the association between hospital resource use and clinical outcomes for TBI admissions. We included all patients aged 16 and over hospitalized following a TBI in any of 57 the adult trauma centers in Quebec between 2013 and 2016. Overall, the inter-hospital variation in resource use was statically significant. However, when we stratified by activity centers, the operating room and para-clinical services had the highest inter-hospital variations. Inter-hospital variation was greater for patients under 65 years of age and those with severe TBI. Comorbidities, anatomical injury severity, and a transfer to long-term center care following hospital discharge were identified as determinants of high resource use intensity. On a hospital level, high resource use was associated with a low incidence of mortality but a high incidence of complications. This study advances knowledge on resource use in TBI populations. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the factors responsible for inter-hospital variations in resource use including process of care, physician characteristics and trauma center structure.
Lamontagne, Guillaume. "L'anxiété après un traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28019.
Full textThe first objective of this doctoral thesis was to document anxiety-related disorders and anxiety symptoms 4, 8 and 12 months after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), according to premorbid history of anxiety, type of MTBI (complicated or uncomplicated) and premorbid history of MTBI. The second objective was to examine whether the presence of anxiety in the first months after MTBI is associated with more symptoms in different domains in the longer term. Participants were 120 adults with MTBI who were evaluated 4, 8 and 12 months post-accident with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and other self-reported questionnaires evaluating fatigue, irritability, perceived stress, cognitive difficulties, depression, insomnia and pain. Results indicated that the frequency of anxiety-related disorders is high in the first 12 months, although there is a significant decrease between 4 and 12 months post-injury. At 4 months post-MTBI, 24% had at least one anxiety-related disorder compared to 11% at 12 months. Individuals with premorbid history of anxiety disorders were significantly more anxious after MTBI compared to those without past history of anxiety. Compared to participants without anxiety, participants with significant anxiety 4 months after MTBI showed more symptoms associated with MTBI at the 12-month assessment.
Azouvi, Philippe. "Etude des fonctions exécutives dans les suites d'un traumatisme crânien sévère." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOMU07.
Full textJourdan, Véronique. "Prise en charge des traumatismes crâniens bénins dans un service d'urgences : analyse prospective des facteurs prédictifs de lésions." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11058.
Full textBessout, Lionel. "Les tamponnades cardiaques après un traumatisme thoracique fermé." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25038.
Full textBrun, Emilie. "Mise en évidence des acteurs impliqués dans le processus de lésion/réparation à la synapse vestibulaire après traumatisme excitotoxique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20089.
Full textExcitotoxicity is a pathological mechanism that usually results from the massive release of glutamate by suffering neurons and that leads to destruction of neural networks as well as cell losses that may severely impact cognitive and motor functions. In the central nervous system the sequence of events that supports this process has been extensively studied and is now the basis for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches to limit the consequences of the phenomenon. In the inner ear, excitotoxic damages may also support in different types of auditory and vestibular disorders such as acoustic traumas, sudden hearing loss, vestibular neuritis or dizziness of ischemic origin. Though the molecular mechanisms that support this type of injury have been well explored at cochlear level, they remain poorly documented in the vestibule. Recent studies by our team have confirmed the involvement of glutamate receptors in the vestibular calyx neurotransmission in normal conditions and also showed histological and functional consequences of excitotoxic damage in the vestibule. They also revealed the potential for spontaneous repair of the vestibular synapses after deafferentation. In present thesis, we aimed at identifying the cellular effectors that control the phenomena of deafferentation and reafferentation. For this purpose, we developed an original study model, which allows tracking histological and functional assessment of biological events involved in these processes. By combining approaches in immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, molecular electrophysiology and pharmacology we demonstrate that both AMPA and NMDA type glutamate receptors are mainly involved in the process of deafferentation. NMDA receptors are also essential for synaptic repair process. The results of this work provide a new light on the role of glutamate receptors in the process of injury / repair of vestibular synapses. The novel observations could directly impact on the ongoing pharmacological protection strategies in the field of the vestibular pathology, and by extension to that of the hearing pathology. In addition, the organotypic culture model of vestibular organ slices may find application for screening new compounds with protective or regenerative properties
Vinchon, Matthieu. "Traumatisme crânien du nourrisson." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2MT13.
Full textBrudy, Véronique. "Evolution des conceptions thérapeutiques en matière de traumatisme hépatique : étude sur 80 cas aux centres hospitaliers de Montpellier et Perpignan." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11164.
Full textLuxembourger, Olivier. "Traumatismes hépatiques : principes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques actuels d'après une revue de la littérature et à propos d'une série de 61 patients." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6420.
Full textBlais, Marie Claude. "L'ajustement psychologique et la satisfaction conjugale suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43455.
Full textCoucy, François de. "Paralysies traumatiques du nerf axillaire : à propos de 46 cas traités chirurgicalement." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23069.
Full textBen, Messaoud Malika. "Suivi traumatique du Centre régional de haut niveau de gymnastique féminine de Saint Etienne (septembre 87 - juin 93 )." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6231.
Full textRambert, Maryse. "Pathologie traumatique du joueur de baseball et de softball : une enquête épidémiologique réalisée sur l'ensemble du territoire." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25149.
Full textHellal, Farida. "Récepteur B2 de la bradykinine : une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour le traitement du traumatisme cérébral diffus?" Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P635.
Full textThe aim of our work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) blockade in diffuse cerebral trauma using a mouse closed head injury model (CHI). Previously, we showed that CHI leads to a neurological deficit, a diffuse degeneration, cerebral hemorrhage and edema concomitantly with blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Moreover, CHI induces an oxidative stress (OS) and neutrophil infiltration (NI). In a second part, using a selective non-peptide antagonist, the LF 16-0687 Ms and B2R knock-out mice, we showed that B2R blockade improves the neurological outcome, decreases the BBB disruption, NI, edema and hemorrhage and also the OS and the inducible NO synthase (NOS) expression and activity. Besides these effects, the antagonist treatment sets against decrease of the neuronal NOS activity. These data indicating the B2R contribution to post-traumatic events, emphasize the therapeutic potential of its blockade for the treatment of diffuse cerebral trauma
Godin, Ophélia. "Facteurs cérébrovasculaires de la démence chez les sujets âgés." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T100.
Full textGervais, Frédérique. "Évolution longitudinale des symptômes d'insomnie à la suite d'un traumatisme craniocérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69364.
Full textThe aim of the study was to assess the evolution of insomnia during the first four years following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare between different levels of severity of the TBI. This study also aimed to identify risk factors for different insomnia trajectory (chronic, fluctuating or absence of insomnia). Participants included in this study were adults aged between 18 and 65 years (n=429) and were recruited in a hospital setting and rehabilitation center. They completed several self-reported questionnaires at different time points (4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post-TBI) to assess insomnia symptoms (ISI), anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS) and pain (SF-36). Results showed that prevalence rates of insomnia remained high across assessment times points, varying between 52 and 58%. Symptoms were more prevalent among participants who sustained a mild TBI compared to those with moderate to severe TBI (57% vs 67%) and those symptoms were more severe in the mild compared to the moderate-severe TBI group (ISI mean score: mild TBI= 10.46; moderate-severe TBI = 8.44; F= 14.74, p <.001). One third of individuals who sustained a TBI presented a chronic trajectory of insomnia over the 4-year follow-up period. Those with mild TBI were significantly more represented in the subgroup with a chronic trajectory of insomnia compared to those with moderate-severe TBI (37.7% vs 23.2%, p<.001) Individuals presenting a low level of depressive symptoms paired with moderate anxious symptoms were at greater risk for a chronic course of insomnia symptoms. In conclusion, insomnia is a frequent condition following TBI and may impede recovery and quality of life. Patients with mild TBI and presenting depressive and anxious symptoms following TBI should be followed closely since they have a less favorable prognosis regarding the evolution of their insomnia symptoms.
Lopez, Sandrine. "Effet neuroprotecteur de la bupivacai͏̈ne vis à vis des lésions secondaires post-traumatiques de la moe͏̈lle chez le rat." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11007.
Full textLessard, Bonaventure Paule. "Transfusion sanguine chez les patients en état critique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66573.
Full textIntroduction: Restrictive transfusion strategy has been advocated in critically ill patients. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty exists regarding optimal transfusion thresholds in patients with traumatic brain injury because the injured brain is susceptible to hypoxemic damage. We aimed to identify the determinants of red blood cell transfusion and the perceived optimal transfusion thresholds in adult patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Methods: We conducted an electronic, self-administered survey targeting critical care specialists and neurosurgeons from Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom caring for patients with traumatic brain injury. The questionnaire was initially developed by a panel of experts using a structured process (domains/items generation and reduction). The questionnaire was validated for clinical sensibility, reliability, and content. Results: Our response rate was 28.7% (218/760). When presented with the hypothetical scenario of a young adult patient with traumatic brain injury, a wide range of transfusion practices was observed, with 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41 to 54%) favoring red blood cell transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤70 g·L-1 in the acute phase of care, while 73% (95% CI, 67 to 79%) would use this trigger in the plateau phase of care. Multiple trauma, neuro-monitoring data, hemorrhagic shock, and planned surgery were the main factors that influenced the need for transfusion. The lack of clinical evidence and guidelines was responsible for uncertainty regarding red blood cell transfusion strategies in this patient population. Conclusion: In our survey about critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury, intensivists and neurosurgeons believed that transfusion practice is mainly influenced by the acuity of care, patient characteristics, and neuro-monitoring. Clinical equipoise regarding optimal transfusion strategy is believed to be mainly attributed to the lack of clear clinical evidence and guidelines. Appropriate randomized-controlled trials are required to determine the optimal transfusion strategies in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury
Paré, Nadia. "Le traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger et ses séquelles : évaluation des déficits d'attention partagée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44313.
Full textAzzi, Roméo. "Les traumatismes duodéno-pancréatiques fermés : à propos de deux observations." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11013.
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