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Books on the topic 'Lesioni spinali'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Sykes, Laura. Evaluation of a hybrid walking orthosis in patients with spinal cord lesions. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.

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2

Spinal cord injury: Functional rehabilitation. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1992.

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3

Physiotherapy, Chartered Society of. Standards of physiotherapy practice for the management of people with spinal cord lesions. London: The Society, 1990.

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4

1938-, Kobayashi Shigeaki, ed. Neurosurgery of complex vascular lesions and tumors. New York: Thieme, 2005.

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5

Lynn, Phillips, ed. Spinal cord injury: A guide for patient and family. New York: Raven Press, 1987.

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6

S, Lanig Indira, ed. A practical guide to health promotion after spinal cord injury. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1996.

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7

1921-, Nicholas James A., and Hershman Elliott B, eds. The Lower extremity and spine in sports medicine. St. Louis: Mosby, 1986.

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8

Stephen, Hochschuler, ed. The Spine in sports. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 1990.

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9

H, Hochschuler Stephen, ed. The spine in sports. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 1990.

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10

Maddox, Sam. Guía de recursos sobre la parálisis. Springfield, N.J: Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, 2003.

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11

J, Vinken P., Bruyn G. W, and Wolff F. A. de, eds. Intoxications of the nervous system. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1994.

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12

Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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13

Kinsman, Stephen L. Spina Bifida and Related Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0077.

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The term “spinal dysraphism” encompasses the broadest array of the conditions known as the neural tube defects. The open neural tube defects (spina bifida aperta and cystica) include both disorders of primary and/or secondary neuralation and are best defined as myelomeningocele complex (MMC) due to their protean nervous system manifestations beyond the spinal lesion. Closed spinal dysraphisms (so-called spina bifida occulta) include lipomatous lesions, forms of tethered spinal cord, sinus tracts, and forms of split spinal cord (diastematomyelia). Both genetic and environmental etiologies have been identified. Gene-environment and gene-gene interactions are also important in the pathobiology of these conditions.
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14

Steven, M.D. Kirshblum (Editor), Denise, M.D. Campagnolo (Editor), and Joel A. Delisa (Editor), eds. Spinal Cord Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

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15

Kirshblum, Steven, and Vernon W. Lin. Spinal Cord Medicine. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2019.

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16

Spinal locomotion: A new approach to human neurophysiology and treatment in spinal cord lesion. [Bratislava?: Slovak Academy of Science?, 1996.

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17

Mason, Peggy. Spinal Cord. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0004.

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The spinothalamic and lemniscal pathways carry somatosensory information from the periphery into the brain while the corticospinal pathway carries motor commands from the brain to motoneurons of the spinal cord. Following these pathways through the spinal cord allows the student to infer lesion location from symptoms. To exemplify the clinical importance of sympathetic outputs from thoracic segments, Horner syndrome is described. Similarly, the common problems caused by spinal cord injury on sacral parasympathetic functions are stressed. The contributions of specific spinal segments to breathing, hand and foot dexterity, and micturition are emphasized. Working through the logic of the symptoms caused by spinal hemisection (Brown-Séquard syndrome), pyramidal stroke, and syringomyelia provides the student with a clear framework for understanding spinal function in the clinical context.
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18

J, Errico Thomas, Bauer R. David, and Waugh Theodore R, eds. Spinal trauma. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1991.

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19

Bates, David. Cauda equina lesions, radiculopathies, and sphincter disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0678.

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Pathological processes involving the spinal roots and cauda equina present with symptoms of lower motor neurone and first order sensory neurone damage. Pain is a common, though not inevitable, symptom. Pathological processes may be acute, as with a prolapsed intervertebral disc or chronic and extend over many years, as with spondylotic bony changes or structural diseases such as spondylolisthesis. The cauda equina carries innervation to the bladder, rectum, corpus cavernosum, and seminal vesicles and damage commonly presents with sphincter disturbance and impotence. In general the nerve roots throughout the spine and cauda equina are more resistant to injury and pathological processes than the spinal cord; rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention where indicated, may improve outcome considerably.
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20

Nagpal, Ameet, and Brad Wisler. Thoracic Spinal Stenosis. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0011.

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Thoracic spinal stenosis is an uncommon pathologic condition of the spine. This chapter reviews its etiology, epidemiology, anatomic features, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Four of the main causes of thoracic spinal stenosis are ossification of the ligamentum flavum, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, thoracic disc herniation, and thoracic spondylosis. Even rarer secondary causes include generalized skeletal disorders, metabolic and endocrine disorders of the spine, neoplastic lesions, and vascular malformations. The chapter presents a brief review of the currently available surgical techniques. An updated review is provided of the literature on non-surgical management of the disease, mainly interventional pain management.
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21

Berenstein, Alejandro, and Pierre Lasjaunias. Surgical Neuroangiography: 5 Endovascular Treatment of Spine and Spinal Cord Lesions. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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22

McCormick, Paul C. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0020.

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Intramedullary spinal cord tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that may cause progressive spinal cord dysfunction. With few exceptions, however, most are slow-growing, biologically indolent neoplasms for which surgery is the treatment of choice. Long-term tumor control with preservation of neurological function is achievable in most patients. Challenges to the evaluation and management of these lesions include accurate differentiation of these tumors from inflammatory conditions such as transverse myelitis, sarcoidosis, and demyelinating conditions; the management of patients with asymptomatic tumors; and the timing and techniques of surgery to achieve the optimal patient outcome.
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23

Boehm, Heinrich, and Y. Raja Rampersaud. Treatment: spinal surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0023.

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Despite remarkable progress in understanding the pathological processes and alleviating symptoms by TNFα‎ blocking medication, the mechanism that converts flexible tissue into bone still cannot be completely prevented or reversed. In axial spondyloarthritis, components of motion segments, such as zygoapophyseal joints, intervertebral discs, and spinal ligaments, can ossify in varying sequence, extent, and location between the ilium and occiput. Throughout this process, the spinal column is vulnerable to kyphotic deformity due to gravity, body weight, muscle action, and life’s flexion-based activities. Areas with low fusion tendency, such as atlanto-axial joints, and post-traumatically weakened spots of formerly ankylosed vertebral block (Andersson’s lesion) can endanger the spinal cord by instability, dislocation, and compression, from what is typically minor trauma or simple repetitive, but otherwise normal, stresses. Once functionally significant deformity or presence of instability and associated symptoms are established, conservative treatment options are lacking and surgical consideration is required.
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24

Chan, Kevin, Rishi Dihr, and Michael Fox. Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0025.

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Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injuries can be idiopathic or iatrogenic. Providers who understand the essential anatomy of the SAN can direct the history, physical exam, and ancillary studies to localize the lesion, while considering the differential diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes both traumatic and atraumatic causes, including penetrating or blunt trauma to the neck, fracture malunion, glenohumeral instability, brachial neuritis, progressive neuromuscular disease, and cerebrovascular accident. The chapter discusses the timing of, and indications for, operative exploration, with or without nerve repair, as well as the details of the surgical procedure. The authors provide instructive pearls for initial management, establishing patient expectations, and potential complications.
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25

Harley, Kim, and Sue Jones. Neurological and spinal surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642663.003.0023.

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Neurological assessment is performed on admission for surgery, as a routine part of medical examination. This is done to diagnose whether symptoms of illness in the patient are due to neurological conditions and, if so, where in the nervous system the pathological lesions are located. Hydrocephalus is either an acute or chronic condition whereby the cerebrospinal fluid pressure rises, causing symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Patients at risk of raised intracranial pressure should be nursed by staff trained and experienced in neurological assessment using the Glasgow coma scale. This chapter looks at neurological assessment, raised intracranial pressure, head injuries, and brain and spinal tumours. This chapter also discusses the management of subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations, and epilepsy. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of degenerative diseases of the spine and peripheral nerve injury.
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26

Spinelli, Allison, and Liang Huang. Arteriovenous Malformation. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0006.

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Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system, which may occur in the brain or the spinal cord. AVMs are challenging to diagnose, and the symptoms may be subtle or dramatic. The location and extent of the lesion will determine its potential for morbidity as these lesions also affect a young population. Most importantly, the technology and evolution of treatment for AVMs has changed dramatically over the past two decades and now incorporates interventional neuroradiology and stereotactic radiation. Management options include conservative management, surgical resection, endovascular embolization, and stereotactic surgery. This chapter’s discussion will cover surgical and interventional modes of treatment of cerebral AVMs.
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27

Standards of physiotherapy practice for the management of people with spinal cord lesions. London: Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, 1992.

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28

Kleef, Maarten van. Radiofrequency Lesions of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in the Treatment of Spinal Pain. Universitaire Pers Maasstricht, 1996.

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29

1928-, Lee Bok Y., and Ostrander Lee E, eds. The spinal cord injured patient. 2nd ed. New York: Demos, 2002.

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30

Spinal deformities: The comprehensive text. New York: Thieme, 2003.

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31

Berenstein, Alejandro, and Pierre Lasjaunias. Surgical Neuroangiography: Volume 5: Endovascular Treatment of Spine and Spinal Cord Lesions (Surgical Neuroangiography). Springer, 1994.

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32

BERENSTEIN, ALEJANDRO. Surgical Neuroangiography Volume 5: Endovascular Treatment Of The Spine And Spinal Cord Lesions (SURGICAL NEUROANGIOGRAPHY). Springer, 1994.

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33

Bergström, Ebba Margareta Kristina. Childhood spinal cord lesion: Its effect on skeletal development, growth and lung function : a retrospective study. 1994.

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34

Kla, Koffi. Autonomic Dysreflexia. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0071.

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Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a potentially emergent clinical syndrome that can occur in patients with spinal cord injury, is characterized by a sudden rise in blood pressure caused by uncontrolled sympathetic activation of the autonomic system below the level of the lesion. When caring for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, a pretreatment plan should be in place if an AD episode occurs. Physical manifestations of an AD episode can include headache, flushing, and diaphoresis above the lesion. Treatment should be aimed at identifying and eliminating the trigger stimulus and must be prompt to avoid serious complications of blood pressure elevation such as seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, or even death. When nonpharmacological measures fail, quick-onset, short-acting antihypertensive medications should be given to lower blood pressure.
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35

Ajithkumar, Thankamma, Ann Barrett, Helen Hatcher, and Natalie Cook. HIV related tumours. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235636.003.0016.

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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade multifocal vascular tumour associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)/Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) infection.KS lesions of all epidemiological forms are similarly comprised of HHV8-positive (LNA-1 immunoreactive) spindle-shaped tumour cells, vessels, and chronic inflammatory cells. Lesions evolve from early patch, to plaque, and later tumour nodules....
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36

Crick, Alexandra, David Warwick, and Roderick Dunn. Nerves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0011.

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Examination of the nerves of the upper limb and localization of nerve lesions is mysterious to the unfamiliar. This chapter provides a scheme for the neuroanatomy of the upper limb, and for examination and investigation of nerve pathology including a section on neurophysiology. We discuss nerve injury, including pathophysiology and recovery. We describe common compression neuropathies affecting the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, and the brachial plexus lesions including thoracic outlet syndrome. Common tendon transfers are discussed for reconstruction following peripheral nerve injury or other loss of peripheral nerve function, and also for spinal injury at different levels.
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37

Bodart, Olivier, and Steven Laureys. Imaging the central nervous system in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0224.

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Imaging techniques play a major role in managing patients with acute severe neurological signs. Initial evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injuries is best performed with a computed tomography (CT) scan, both for its ability to demonstrate most of the significant lesions and for logistical reasons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to provide more subtle information, as well as prognosis indicators, but is impractical until the patient’s condition has been stabilized. MRI has the same advantages for assessing anoxic brain injuries. In strokes, MRI has become the technique of choice, as it is able to highlight new lesions among older ones, and can identify ischaemic lesions only a few minutes after the event. At the same time MRI can identify or exclude contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. Subarachnoid haemorrhages are best initially assessed with CT followed by a digital suppression angiogram to identify arterial aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. In spine imaging, CT scan works the best in indicating traumatic bone lesions, while MRI is unsurpassed in examining the spinal cord and ligamentous injuries, and can provide prognostic indicators of the expected functional outcome.
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38

Howard, Dr Robin, Dr Thomasin C. Andrews, Dr Robin Howard, Dr Paul Holmes, Dr Robin Howard, Professor Michael Koutroumanidis, Professor Michael Koutroumanidis, and Dr Robin Howard. Neurological diseases and emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 discusses neurological diseases and emergencies, including headache, transient loss of consciousness, states of impaired consciousness, the dementias, gait and disturbances of speech, stroke, neuro-ophthalmology, epilepsies and epileptic states, status epilepticus in adults, infections of the nervous system, demyelinating diseases, neuromuscular disease, movement disorders (disorders of the extrapyramidal system), neuro-oncology, cranial nerve disorders, spinal cord lesions, and toxic and nutritional disease.
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39

Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord Without Apparent Mechanical Lesion and Nervous Shock: In Their Surgical and Medico-Legal Aspects. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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40

Page, Herbert William. Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord Without Apparent Mechanical Lesion and Nervous Shock: In Their Surgical and Medico-Legal Aspects. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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41

Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord Without Apparent Mechanical Lesion and Nervous Shock: In Their Surgical and Medico-Legal Aspects. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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42

Page, Herbert William. Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord Without Apparent Mechanical Lesion and Nervous Shock: In Their Surgical and Medico-Legal Aspects. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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43

Teasdale, Andrew, and Jane Halsall. Neurological and muscular disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0011.

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This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those neurological or muscular disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice, including malignant hyperthermia. Other topics covered include epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord lesions, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, motor neuron disease, dystrophia myotonica, and the muscular dystrophies. For each topic, preoperative investigation and optimization, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described. For malignant hyperthermia, trigger-free anaesthetic techniques are described, as well as the management of an acute episode.
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44

Teasdale, Andrew, and Jane Halsall. Neurological and muscular disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0011_update_001.

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This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those neurological or muscular disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice, including malignant hyperthermia. Other topics covered include epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord lesions, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, motor neuron disease, dystrophia myotonica, and the muscular dystrophies. For each topic, preoperative investigation and optimization, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described. For malignant hyperthermia, trigger-free anaesthetic techniques are described, as well as the management of an acute episode.
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45

Pajewski, Thomas N. Anesthesia for Anterior/Posterior Spine Surgery. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0011.

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Surgical approaches to correct spine pathology are based on anatomical considerations along with a surgeon’s experience and preference. Beyond consideration of the actual anatomic level being addressed, the different areas of the spinal column, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral coccygeal regions are in proximity of a range of structures that must be appreciated during surgery. These considerations impact the anesthetic management of the surgical patient. Historically, spine pathology was initially approached posteriorly, but, since the mid-twentieth century, the anterior approach has been more frequently used, especially at the cervical level. Advances in surgical techniques, coupled with advances in anesthesia and postoperative care, have allowed an increasing patient population to benefit from surgical interventions that address various forms of spinal pathology, including neurological dysfunction, deformity (either hereditary or acquired), structural instability, pathologic lesions (including tumor and infections), and pain.
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46

Wheaton, Michael, Dustin Nowacek, and Zachary London. Radiculopathy and Plexopathy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0125.

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Disorders of the nerve roots and neural plexi present with pain, numbness, or weakness in the neck, back, or extremities. Although the history and physical examination provide essential diagnostic information, imaging and electrodiagnostic studies may further aid in localizing and characterizing the underlying lesion. Causes of radiculopathy include intervertebral disc herniation, spondylosis, spinal synovial cysts, infection, metastatic disease, hematoma, or infiltrative disease. The brachial and lumbosacral plexi are susceptible to trauma, structural anomalies, neoplastic infiltration, and inflammatory processes. Management of these disorders is directed at treating the underlying cause, alleviating pain, and focused physical rehabilitation.
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47

Mauguière, François, and Luis Garcia-Larrea. Somatosensory and Pain Evoked Potentials. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0043.

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This chapter discusses the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and pain evoked potentials for diagnostic purposes. The generators of SEPs following upper limb stimulation have been identified through intracranial recordings, permitting the analysis of somatosensory disorders caused by neurological diseases. Laser activation of fibers involved in thermal and pain sensation has extended the applications of evoked potentials to neuropathic pain disorders. Knowledge of the effects of motor programming, paired stimulations, and simultaneous stimulation of adjacent somatic territories has broadened SEP use in movement disorders. The recording of high-frequency cortical oscillations evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation gives access to the functioning of SI area neuronal circuitry. SEPs complement electro-neuro-myography in patients with neuropathies and radiculopathies, spinal cord and hemispheric lesions, and coma. Neuroimaging has overtaken SEPs in detecting and localizing central nervous system lesions, but SEPs still permit assessment of somatosensory and pain disorders that remain unexplained by anatomical investigations.
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48

Pitt, Matthew. Needle EMG findings in different pathologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0007.

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In this chapter, the inability of electromyography (EMG) to be able to further progress the diagnosis of myopathy on its own—requiring muscle biopsy and other modalities such as genetics to complete this process—is emphasized. The role of EMG particularly in the era of genetics is discussed. Findings in neurogenic abnormality are next described and the important hereditary conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), distal SMA, Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, segmental anterior horn cell disease, conditions with progressive bulbar palsy, SMARD1, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscle are discussed in detail. The differential diagnosis of 5q SMA type 1 is specifically outlined. Acquired forms of anterior horn disease, including Hirayama disease, poliomyelitis and enteropathic motor neuropathy, Hopkins syndrome, tumours, and vascular lesions are covered. There is discussion of the use of physiological tests to monitor progress in SMA, with tests including compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor unit number estimation. Finally, the important correlation between muscle biopsy and EMG is highlighted.
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49

Hatef, Jeffrey, and Russell R. Lonser. Hemangioblastoma. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0007.

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Hemangioblastomas are benign central nervous system tumors that are found primarily (99%) in the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. They can occur sporadically (67% of cases) or in the context of the familial neoplasia syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL; 33%). These lesions often remain quiescent or grow in a saltatory pattern. When these tumors cause signs or symptoms, the signs or symptoms are often associated with peritumoral cyst formation. Whether the tumor occurs sporadically or in the context of VHL, complete resection is the treatment of choice when necessary. This chapter describes the clinical, imaging, and treatment features of this neoplasm.
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50

Maldonado, Andrés A., and Robert J. Spinner. Suprascapular Neuropathy. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0007.

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Suprascapular neuropathy results from a lesion affecting the suprascapular nerve and is typically due to compression or traction in association with other injuries. The differential diagnosis of suprascapular neuropathy includes rotator cuff pathology, cervical radiculopathy, and Parsonage-Turner syndrome. Suprascapular neuropathy leads to a spectrum of clinical symptoms, including pain and selected weakness in shoulder abduction and external rotation of the arm. Atrophy of the shoulder musculature affecting the spinati muscles (supraspinatus and infraspinatus) often becomes apparent after some months. Suprascapular neuropathy is a challenging diagnosis to make based on the history and physical examination alone, especially since shoulder pain is relatively common and multifactorial; in addition, suprascapular neuropathy can often coexist with other shoulder pathology. The indications for a surgical procedure are the failure of nonoperative management, with lack of clinical or electrical improvement in 6 to 9 months, and the presence of a space-occupying lesion causing compression of the suprascapular nerve. Direct nerve decompression by release of the suprascapular ligament is typically recommended in cases of symptomatic isolated suprascapular neuropathy.
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