Academic literature on the topic 'Lesní vegetační stupeň'

Flows of nitrate ions NO3- and amonnium ions NH4+ in biologically active layers of soil were measured, using ionexes, at forest stands in northern -- eastern regions of Czech republic, between May and September, 2010. Seasonal amounts, expressed in mg.(m2)-1, were analysed, focused on its relations with tree species compositon, impact of tree rhisosphere (location of ionexes close to the tree stems, or in a few meters distance), and forest altitudinal vegetation zones. NO3- showed significantly higher values, as compared to NH4+, and its values were more influenced by tree species composition. Norway spruce (Picea Abies [L.] Karst.), European birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were recognised as a tree species with significantly low seasonal amounts of nitrogen ions NO3-. Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was recognised as a tree species with the significantly wide range of NH4+seasonal amounts values. Impacts of forest altitudinal vegetation zones, and tree rhisosphere, were recognised as insignificant, respectively inconclusive

European beech is an important and irreplaceable economic tree species in the forests of the Czech Republic. This thesis was created in thearea of Outer Western Carpathians, and it focuses on evaluation of ecological limits and the health condition of beech on network-based research plots from 2th vegetation tier (280 m) after 8th vegetation tier on the Lysá Mountain (1323 m). In each research area, basic dendrometry characteristics were measured and evaluated biotic and abiotic damage was evaluated. The results indicate that optimal growth conditions for beech are in the 4th vegetation tier. In other vegetation tiers, beech is more limited by abiotic factors than by biotic factors. In the 2th and 3th vegetation tier, the growth of beech is limited by frequent occurrence of drought. In contrast in higher vegetation tiers (6th, 7th, and 8th), frost, glaze and shorter growing period associated with lower average temperatures have the highest impact on the growth of beech. High vitality, wide ecological valence, a limited amount of biotic factors which damage beech and the ability to change the growth symptoms in individual vegetation tiers made beech into one of the main edificators of vegetation tires.

Soil epigeal fauna of beech and spruce forest stands had been monitored for 8 years (2007-2014) in 37 selected research area in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Collection of material carried out twice per year in spring and autumn aspects. Site characteristics of research localities were characterized by high variability while 4 vegetation altitudinal zones, 8 edaphic categories and 12 forest site types had been distinguished. Soil fauna was extracted by Tullgren devices. Within the monitoring, 11 target animal groups were engaged in: mites, springtails, larvae stages of ground beetles, symphylans, diplurans, proturans, centipedes and millipedes, larvae stages of rove beetles, adults of rove beetles, earthworms, larvae stages of click beetles (wireworms). Earthworm´s and wireworm´s cenosis were deterimined into species and genera, respectively. Remaing groups of soil fauna had been studied within larger systematic categories. Subsequently, abundance and dominance of the particular groups of soil epigeal fauna. The outputs had been compared each other and potential relations between particular animal groups to the specific site properties, vegetation altitudinal zones, edaphic categories and forest site types had been assessed thereby. Overall, 274 015 individuals were captured within the monitored soil animal groups. Several groups of soil cenosis were disvored specific relations to the site conditions. Additionally, 12 species of earthwomrs were distinguished while Dendrobaena octaedra seemed to be significantly dominant species representing 68,33 % of total earthworm´s species spectrum. Larvae stages of wireworms were determined into 5 genera. Representatives of Athous genera formed almost 86 % of the population of wireworms.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of canopy openness and associated light conditions on epigeal spider assemblages in abandoned coppice forests in order to develop conservation recommendations for forest management in lowland woodlands. In particular, I studied the effect of canopy openness gradient on species richness, abundance, functional diversity, community composition, conservation value, and degree of rareness of spiders. There was established transects reflecting the canopy openness gradient in each of the eight forest stand. A total number of 90 spider species, including high proportions of xeric specialist and red-listed threatened species. The peaks of conservation indicators, as well as spider community abundance, were shifted toward more open canopies . On the other hand, functional diversity peaked at more closed canopies followed by a rapid decrease with increasing canopy openness. Species richness was highest in the middle of the canopy openness gradient, suggesting an ecotone effect. Ordinations revealed the rapid species turnover along canopy openness gradient with presence of most conservationally important species in sparse and open conditions. The results show that the various components of biodiversity peaked at different levels of canopy openness. Therefore, the restoration and suitable management of such conditions (e.g. conservation thinning, coppice management) will retain important diversification of habitats in lowland oak forests. According to these results, even small-scale activities supporting these conditions could be suitable conservation tools to slow down the general decline of woodland biodiversity.

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of different seeding biotechniques on overall plant growth and root system development of container seedlings of Norway spruce and European beech in 7. forest vegetation tier. The measurements were performed on two established experimental plots - Forest Management Complex Janovice, district Hubert on forest types 7P and 7K. The tested techniques were as follows: centre hole planting, planting stick, planting tube, planting spade, planting thorn, planting prong and planting cutter. Soil overlapping during planting was also observed. The parameters measured were: losses, height of above - round part, increments, root collar thickness, ratio of roots growing out from root package, vitality and biotic and abiotic damages. The results clearly show that the differing biotechnique of planting has influence on Norway spruce and European beech growth and root system development. Both species on plot 7K grew better and had more expansive root systerm when center planting method was used. On plot 7P the best results for Norway spruce were achieved with planting cutter with overlapping and for European beech with planting spade without overlapping. The center planting method had the lowest losses for both species.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to verify the influence of different seed plant biotechnics on the growth of cultures and development of the root system of the cryopreservation material of spruce and beech forest in the 7th forest vegetation stage. The monitoring was carried out at LS LČR Janovice on forest types 7P and 7K. As the main biotechnology for testing, the seedbed was planted, the seedbed was planted without and with overlay, the seedling was planted without overlapping and seeded with seedless forks without overlapping. The effect of the balloon overlay was also evaluated. To evaluate the influence of different plant biotechnology on the growth of the cultures and the development of the root system we mainly served the criteria of the height of the above-ground part, the thickness of the root neck, the size of the assimilation apparatus, the loss, the vitality, the development of the root system, etc. The best plant biotechnology was evaluated for the spruce spruce on the area 7P planting seedless pipe without overlap and on 7K area planted with seamless sowing. In the case of forest beech, 7P was evaluated as the best seedling without overlap and 7K seedbed without overlapping. The suitability of hole seedlings for both studied species and areas was confirmed. The effect of seedling on the deformation of the root system was confirmed.