Academic literature on the topic 'Lesotho National Development Corporation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lesotho National Development Corporation"
1
Gwimbi, Patrick. "Mainstreaming national adaptation programmes of action into national development plans in Lesotho." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 03 (May 15, 2017): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-11-2015-0164.
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Purpose The concept of National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) is advocated at international, regional and national levels. The concept is thought to foster sustainability of livelihoods against impacts of climate change. This paper analyses the mainstreaming of NAPA into national development plans in Lesotho as accentuated by policies and programmes. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is broadly qualitative and reviews policies and projects on agriculture and food security, environment, forestry, water and irrigation aimed at sustaining rural livelihoods. Data from relevant government documents, commissioned studies’ reports, literature and key stakeholders are used. Findings Although the mainstreaming entry point for NAPA is identified in the country’s Vision 2020 and National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2012/13-2016/17, financial, technical, human and other resources are inadequate to ensure its effective implementation. There is little evidence of NAPA mainstreaming into development plans by the line ministries of finance and economic development other than donor-funded projects. Absence of climate change policy influence means NAPA is not well-factored into the national development agenda, as mainstreaming is difficult without appropriate policies. Most projects with effect on climate change impact abatement originate from specific sectors and are disconnected from each other. Originality/value Based on the findings, ways to leverage NAPA via mainstreaming are discussed. It is concluded that NAPA mainstreaming offers a promising avenue for initiating and promoting sustainable livelihoods in Lesotho. The study demonstrates the applicability of the presented sustainable livelihood framework.
2
Mots'oene, Keneuoe, and Akinagum Esenjor. "Development Assistance in Lesotho: Is it a National Strategy for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development?" Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/2292.
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This article argues that Lesotho’s increasing reliance on aid leads to economic decline, worsening living standards and eventually poverty, thus obstructing sustainable development. Studies done in the country are silent about the effect of aid on poverty reduction and sustainable development. The study fills this missing link in the literature. Aid as a resource must help a country to enable its citizens to live beyond consumption by creating other activities that will in the long-run, reduce vulnerability and poverty; thus promoting sustainable development, which is contrary to what has been prevailing in Lesotho. The worst scenario in Lesotho is the post-independence period, where almost all aid combined failed to bring the desired changes in the lives of the majority and instead, increased vulnerability and poverty, and resulted in unsustainable development.
3
International Monetary Fund. "Kingdom of Lesotho: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: National Strategic Development Plan." IMF Staff Country Reports 12, no. 102 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475503241.002.
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Gopalakrishnan, R. "India and Tata: National Development and the Corporation." Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 3, no. 4 (October 2008): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/itgg.2008.3.4.3.
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Molapo, Senei Solomon. "Optimal International Reserves in Lesotho." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 13 (May 30, 2016): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n13p282.
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Literature has addressed the issue of choosing reserves levels in the context of models based on traditional adequacy ratio. Above that, this study employs the model of Jeanne and Rancière (2006), which captured the unique characteristics of a country, and effects of a small and large external shocks portrayed that international reserves in Lesotho are kept at level higher than the optimum level. The results outlined that optimum level of reserves for Lesotho is on average 44 per cent of GDP for a small crisis and 47 per cent of GDP for a larger crisis. Subsequently, this leads to the conclusion that the amount of reserves exceeding the level of backing assets could be managed under a more return-oriented investment strategy in order to minimize the opportunity cost of reserves holding. Since there is evidence of excess funds, the authorities should strengthen the implementation capacity of the annual capital budgets by evolving a forceful and vigorous monitoring and evaluation framework in order to accomplish the National Vision 2020 goals. This will also create an opportunity to allocate resources to the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) which provides overall national strategic thrust from 2012 to 2016.
6
International Monetary Fund. "Kingdom of Lesotho: Joint Staff Advisory Note on the National Strategic Development Plan." IMF Staff Country Reports 12, no. 331 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475547689.002.
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Mojalefa, Mamoeletsi Limakatso. "Union Strategies of Addressing Conflicts at the National University of Lesotho." Business Management and Strategy 12, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v12i1.18617.
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This paper discusses the strategies that are used by the unions to address industrial conflict at the National university of Lesotho (NUL). Content analysis was undertaken to understand the interviewee’s responses and the NUL policy documents. The strategies are analyzed within the policy context, pre-industrial action, industrial action and post-industrial action. The study also shows that unions at the higher education institutions consult with other unions in the sector and, where other strategies have failed, they resort to either industrial action or legal process to resolve conflicts at the workplace. The findings further show that unions employ widespread communication between their members to share new development in the negotiation process. The findings reveal that strategies which unions normally adopt at NUL are: constant consultations and joint decision making, strikes/industrial action, work to rule, negotiations, collective bargaining, taking legal process and communication of possible ideas and solutions.
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Aerni-Flessner, John. "DEVELOPMENT, POLITICS, AND THE CENTRALIZATION OF STATE POWER IN LESOTHO, 1960–75." Journal of African History 55, no. 3 (September 22, 2014): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853714000395.
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AbstractThe rhetoric of development served as a language for Sotho politicians from 1960–70 to debate the meanings of political participation. The relative paucity of aid in this period gave outsized importance to small projects run in rural villages, and stood in stark contrast to the period from the mid-1970s onwards when aid became an ‘anti-politics machine’ that worked to undermine national sovereignty. Examination of the democratic period in Lesotho from 1966–70 helps explain the process by which newly independent states gave up some of their recently won sovereignty, and how a turn to authoritarianism helped contribute to this process.
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Lai, Nan Jun. "New Energy Development and Utilization of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1172.
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Oil belongs to nonrenewable resources. With the oil supply relatively limited and the global economy enters a fast development cycle and oil demand is increasing, oil prices rising is inevitable. Impact of high oil prices is deep and continuous, will change our country’s energy production and consumption structure. As China’s largest offshore oil and gas producers, China’s CNOOC must take positive and correct development strategy, and energetically develop and use of in the new energy, and provide high quality energy for our country’s economic and social development. This paper expounds some effort in the field of new energy development and utilization of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC), mainly including wind power development, bio-fuels development, natural gas hydrate recover and so on.
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Graf, William, and Markus Link. "First National Development Corporation of SWA Ltd. Als Entwicklungsbank in SWA/Namibia." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 2 (1992): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485894.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Lesotho National Development Corporation"
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Thamae, Katiso V. "The role of leadership during business process re-engineering in organisations : 'evaluation of the restructuring process at the Lesotho National Development Corporation'." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53680.
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Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) has been undertaken by many organisations with the hope of dramatically improving their competitive position. In most cases however, this undertaking has been a failure. For the success of the BPR, organisational and people issues are of critical importance and cannot be overlooked, as often is the case. Many organisations have not recognised the fundamental need of fully addressing the "soft people issues" during their re-engineering exercises. The ability of the Management team and Management Consultants to filter through these soft issues is of critical importance to the success of the BPR. This study discusses leadership as the first topical issue. Within the parenthesis of LNDC, it then explores the leadership skills required by management of this institution. Leadership is intensely studied from the traits models, situational, consistency models to the transformational leadership styles. Change leadership forms an important basis of the discussions. Organisational culture is one important aspect that has to be considered during change initiative. Crafting and creating appropriate organisational culture forms the centrepiece of leaders' consideration during organisational change. The ability of a leader to create shared values within the organisation leads to building a strong corporate culture that distinguishes between organisations. The McKinsey's seven S model provides a firm framework for most changing organisations. This model illustrates how the soft, yet important issues powerfully impact the BPR process. All of these namely, strategy, structure, systems, style, skills, staff and shared values, are equally important and if any one of them is not properly aligned with the rest, the whole change process may become a failure. This model impacts all seven S's of the organisational dimension and is driven by strategy. Communication on the other hand forms another important element of the discussions. This study shows that without proper communication during organisational change, the whole change process can become a complete failure. The ability of a leader to disseminate intended information appropriately to the employees requires one to have skills and communication methods that are applicable to that particular organisational setting. After undertaking a survey at the LNDC, the researcher concluded that management, at this corporation lacks leadership skills necessary for managing change in an organisation. Recommendations have been made suggesting that the either the CEO be replaced or trained in leadership skills. This would help the organisation to successfully implement the intended change process.
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2
Monaheng, Nkaiseng ̕Mamotšelisi. "Implementation tensions and challenges in donor funded curriculum projects: a case analysis of environmental and population education projects in Lesotho." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003450.
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This study aims to capture the challenges and tensions that arise in donor funded curriculum projects in Lesotho. Through an interpretive case study research design I investigated these challenges and tensions in two projects relevant to Education for Sustainable Development, namely the Lesotho Environmental Support Project (LEESP) and the Population/Family Education (POP/FLE) projects which are donor funded curriculum projects funded by DANIDA and UNFPA respectively. A review of donor funded curriculum projects in the field of environmental education/Education for Sustainable Development was undertaken to provide background and a theoretical context for the study. It highlighted different challenges and implementation tensions experienced by other similar projects in other countries. At the heart of such projects lies a particular political economy, which is based on development assistance to poor countries. Such development assistance is constructed around concepts of need, participation and innovation, and donor-recipient relationships. It is structured around a system of governance and management that normally uses logical framework planning as its main methodology. This political economy has shaped the two donor funded projects that were considered in this study, and has shaped many of the tensions and challenges identified in the study. To investigate the two projects, data for this study was generated through in-depth interviews, document analysis and focus group interviews, with people who had been involved with the projects at the national level. The data generation process did not involve the schools where the projects were ultimately implemented, as it was seeking to identify how local institutions such as the National Curriculum Development Centre could support better synergies between donor funded initiatives and the local context. The findings of the study revealed the ambivalent nature of donor initiatives, and identified that the political economy and donor-recipient relations influence the projects. Aspects such as the design and management of projects, the processes associated with introducing innovation in educational ideas and paradigms, pedagogical issues, and staff contributions and ownership were identified as some of the key tensions that existed in the projects. Other factors such as poor capacity levels of local staff, non-alignment with existing structures, inadequate sustainability mechanisms and the difficulty of the envisaged integration of new paradigm thinking (methods and approaches) into the existing curriculum framework were also significant tensions, given the positivist history of the Lesotho curriculum. The study recommends the need to establish mechanisms for working with donors to tackle the tensions that arise in such projects within longer-term donor assistance. It proposes that government should expedite the development of policy on donor coordination. Both donors and the NCDC need to put mechanisms in place to allow for debate and discussions on innovations brought in by the donors in relation to local needs. The study further recommends that in cases where more than one donor exists, the NCDC and the donors should work towards developing synergies between the different initiatives to avoid duplication and overlap. Finally, there is a need for projects to use bottom-up approaches for the design and formulation of projects to ensure ownership.
3
Aguilar, C. F. "Codesa : Strategy formulation for the National Industrial Development Corporation in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375408.
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4
Hanson, Phiny. "The process towards development of an integrated National Nutrition Policy framework for Lesotho / Phiny Hanson." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/569.
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Background and motivation:
This thesis was prompted by the deteriorating health and economic status in Lesotho. The
country is experiencing the double burden of disease including HIVIAIDS, communicable and
non-communicable diseases, as well as micronutrient deficiencies. The situation is compounded
by the prevailing food insecurity due to climatic shocks and stresses surging through Southern
Africa. The deteriorating health burden is drawing heavily on limited resources in the country.
As a medium term measure towards realisation of the longer-term vision 2020, the Government
of Lesotho (GOL) has recently developed the national Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme
(PRSP). Health is the fifth of the eight priority areas of the PRSP. One of the proposed strategies
is reduction of nutrition related illness to be achieved through the development of a coherent
nutrition policy.
The aim:
This thesis has attempted to produce a framework towards development of an integrated nutrition
policy. The approach used follows standard procedures towards development of a policy. The
specific objectives to be fulfilled by this thesis include problem identification and definition;
analysing the magnitude of the problem and population groups affected; existing systems for
reducing the impact of the problem among vulnerable groups; defining a framework that will
articulate the desired output to be achieved by the proposed policy; a strategy articulating
mechanisms to be implemented to achieve the output and a system for monitoring and evaluating
the desired impact.
The methods:
Permission to proceed in defining the integrated national nutrition policy framework for Lesotho
was obtained from relevant authorities in the country. A consultative process to define the
process and solicit support from stakeholders within nutrition in Lesotho was engaged throughout
the development of this thesis. The United Nations Children's fund's (UNICEF) conceptual
framework depicting the causality of malnutrition was used to describe the nutrition related
problems and their causes in Lesotho. In this thesis only the immediate causal factors of
malnutrition are addressed. Other underlying causal factors contributing to these immediate
causes can be pursued elsewhere when designing relevant specific interventions.
This thesis describes the magnitude of disease experienced in Lesotho using secondary data
generated from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health and Social
Welfare (MOHSW). Existing information on food security was obtained from studies undertaken
in Lesotho, including the inter-agency assessment of the prevailing food shortage humanitarian
crisis currently facing Southern African, vulnerability assessments, dietary intake and
micronutrient deficiency studies. Selected elements of the existing national nutrition programme
have been used in this thesis, taking cognizance of the problem, its size and location. The
framework for developing a suitable nutrition policy for Lesotho is suggested. The suggested
process will be participatory to include all stakeholders in an attempt to build components of
sustainability.
Results:
Analysis of the prevailing situation confirms the double burden of disease, where infectious
diseases are more prevalent in the younger age groups. In the older population, chronic illnesses
are more prevalent. Both data sets used reflect that the burden of disease is a result of higher
mortality rates compared to morbidity. HIVIAIDS, respiratory and other infections are causing a
major proportion of the disease burden. The male population is more affected relative to the
females, with the exception of females at the age of 15 to 29 years, probably because of maternal
related complications. Analysis by age indicates the population group from 5 to 14 years old has
lower rates of morbidity and mortality. This age group is the window of hope for correcting
nutrition-related diseases. If the right interventions are targeted at this group, there is hope of
attaining the national goal for vision 2020.
It should be appreciated that this information reflects the burden of disease of those who seek
health care within the health service delivery facilities. Both the exact magnitude of diseases and
their causal factors can he confirmed by undertaking relevant research covering representative
samples of the total population in Lesotho.
The food security situation in Lesotho is far from optimal. Poor breastfeeding and infant feeding
practices, such as early introduction of other foods besides breastfeeding, early cessation of
breastfeeding, low nutrient (including energy) dense weaning foods and reduced feeding during
illness and recuperation are ascertained as causal factors contributing to malnutrition amongst
children in Lesotho. The mountain areas are identified as highly susceptible areas to food
insecurity, followed by the southern districts. The vulnerability and high risk factors of
populations in these locations are further confirmed by the high prevalence of chronic
malnutrition and under-weights compared to the rest of the country. Indicators that were
associated with vulnerability to food insecurity were households that were either widow or
elderly headed, those engaging in multiple income earning mechanisms or relying on farming,
herding, informal business or/and casual labour for income and those with a high ratio of
dependents. The Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Food Programme (FAOIWFP) cereal
production forecast for the 2003/04 period predicted that 45% of the total population in Lesotho
would require food assistance in varying quantities. The livelihoods vulnerability assessment
undertaken in 2003 estimated a nationwide food/income deficit ranging from 10 to 47%. The
FAONFP report suggested improved soil husbandry and extension practices. The vulnerability
assessment report suggested livelihood-based interventions, together with direct food and income
transfers as relevant interventions.
Analysis of the existing food and nutrition programme in Lesotho looked at main components
that would strongly influence the integrated nutrition policy. The approach was borrowed from
the European Union nutrition programme. In this thesis only the three elements of the national
nutrition programme that would directly influence the nutritional outcomes were studied. These
were nutrition security, food security and trade issues. On analysis, these elements reveal a
fragmented implementation of nutrition interventions. This situation exists despite efforts by the
GOL to establish a coordination office mandated with synchronizing all nutrition stakeholders
countrywide on policy, programme, monitoring, evaluation and research issues. As a result of the
fragmented non-cohesive approach and inefficient utilisation of resources, especially the scanty
human resource, the national nutrition programme has not realised a positive impact on the
prevalence of malnutrition in Lesotho.
The main elements to constitute the policy will consider core values and principles of the
nutrition profession and programme in Lesotho. This thesis assumes the national nutrition
programme will embrace the common national vision 2020 and will share the similar mission
reiterated by the Food and Nutrition Coordinating Office (FNCO) in the poverty reduction
thematic nutrition paper. The nutrition policy advisory committee in Lesotho would, however,
confirm this assumption or design alternative statements. The processes towards identifying
relevant objectives and strategies have been defined in this thesis and will have to be undertaken
by the committee, which will also define implementation mechanisms including financing,
monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The national nutrition programme has identified the
need for technical support in some areas. The author, therefore, suggests that the WHO and the
United Nations1 Standing Committee on Nutrition (UNISCN) can be approached for this support.
Conclusions:
The GOL demonstrated commitment towards the nutrition policy. The process toward defining
the integrated nutrition policy for Lesotho should be completely participatory. This thesis has
addressed the first component of the framework, which is the situation analysis and description of
the main policy components. The situation analysis has portrayed a need for an integrated
nutrition policy to address the double burden of disease compounded by HIVIAIDS and chronic
food shortage. This adverse situation can be curbed through a coherent cost-effective food and
nutrition programme. The FNCO, mandated with nutrition policy design, therefore, has to
revitalize the policy advisory committee to carry the policy defining processes forward. A
framework to be used in this process has been developed and presented in this thesis.
Recommendations
The stakeholders in nutrition should agree on systemic issues to be changed or maintained. The
process for policy definition should state the institutional arrangements, such as stakeholders'
analysis, financial mechanisms and management and coordination. The programme
implementation arrangements should define the beneficiaries, realistic objectives aligned with the
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), strategies, prioritize cost-effective nutrition
interventions and agree on coordination, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The nutrition
policy will mainstream the cross-cutting issues such as HIVIAIDS, gender, environment and
governance.
On completion of this thesis the author will present it to the relevant authorities in Lesotho for the
policy development processes to continue in line with the proposed time frame and
implementation plan given in Chapter 5.Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
5
Lekunya, Kelebone. "Exploring the sub-national spatial and economic development impacts of the African Growth and Opportunity Act 2000 (AGOA) in Lesotho." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61308.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid and sustainable economic growth and progressive social and spatial development through industrial development, has been a persistent challenge for the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A commonly held "solution" to this challenge has been to provide access of manufactured goods from the SSA-region to the dynamic markets of the affluent North. This perceived wisdom led to the passing of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 by the 200th Congress of the United States of America. In this exploratory study, the experience of Lesotho with AGOA, with specific reference to the economic and spatial development outcomes of the Act in the country, is explored. The findings of the study reveal that the larger settlements where the AGOA-factories are located have shown little improvement, neither from an economic, nor from a spatial perspective. The same applied to villages to which AGOA factory workers sent their remittances. This was due to the meagreness of the remittances a function of the low wages paid in the factories and the resulting limited disposable income to support small-scale businesses in these villages. While AGOA did result in the creation of tens of thousands of job opportunities for unskilled and semi-skilled Basotho youth, it did not provide them with portable skills for use after leaving the factory floor. AGOA was also not found to have motivated the youth or local entrepreneurs to tap into the manufacturing sector. On the spatial development side, a number of landlords in the larger settlements subdivided their land and built residential rental units for the factory workers. Some landlords also sold their land illegally and informally, resulting in haphazard land development. The research findings suggest that, while "trade and development boosting tools", like AGOA, may be useful in providing term-based job opportunities for unskilled workforce, they will most likely not have as significant a positive impact on (1) the local economy, (2) the creation of an indigenous industrial class, or (3) the building of sustainable human settlements. Other supporting instruments, in addition to tools such as AGOA, will need to be developed locally, to achieve these goals. In addition to the research findings providing an insight into the experience of Lesotho with AGOA, they should also be of assistance to scholars and policy-makers working on the development of trade-driven tools in support of struggling regions.Dissertation (MTRP)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Town and Regional Planning
MTRP
Unrestricted
6
Smith, Phillip H. (Phillip Hoit) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "The Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation and the Manley government 1972-1980; conflicting views of national development." Ottawa, 1988.
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7
LEKUNYA, KELEBONE. "Exploring the sub-national spatial and economic development impacts of the African growth and opportunity act (agoa) in Lesotho." Diss., University Of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58470.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid and sustainable economic growth and progressive social and spatial development through industrial development, has been a persistent challenge for the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A commonly held “solution” to this challenge has been to provide access of manufactured goods from the SSA-region to the dynamic markets of the affluent North. This perceived wisdom led to the passing of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 by the 200th Congress of the United States of America. In this exploratory study, the experience of Lesotho with AGOA, with specific reference to the economic and spatial development outcomes of the Act in the country, is explored. The findings of the study reveal that the larger settlements where the AGOA-factories are located have shown little improvement, neither from an economic, nor from a spatial perspective. The same applied to villages to which AGOA factory workers sent their remittances. This was due to the meagreness of the remittances – a function of the low wages paid in the factories and the resulting limited disposable income to support small-scale businesses in these villages. While AGOA did result in the creation of tens of thousands of job opportunities for unskilled and semi-skilled Basotho youth, it did not provide them with portable skills for use after leaving the factory floor. AGOA was also not found to have motivated the youth or local entrepreneurs to tap into the manufacturing sector. On the spatial development side, a number of landlords in the larger settlements subdivided their land and built residential rental units for the factory workers. Some landlords also sold their land illegally and informally, resulting in haphazard land development. The research findings suggest that, while “trade and development boosting tools”, like AGOA, may be useful in providing term-based job opportunities for unskilled workforce, they will most likely not have as significant a positive impact on (1) the local economy, (2) the creation of an indigenous industrial class, or (3) the building of sustainable human settlements. Other supporting instruments, in addition to tools such as AGOA, will need to be developed locally, to achieve these goals. In addition to the research findings providing an insight into the experience of Lesotho with AGOA, they should also be of assistance to scholars and policy-makers working on the development of trade-driven tools in support of struggling regions.Dissertation (Masters)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mandela Rhodes Foundation
Town and Regional Planning
MASTER OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING (RESEARCH)
unrestricted
8
England, Andrae Bishop. "Texas youth literacy development tutoring models sponsored by the Corporation for National Service : a descriptive study /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004258.
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Plakhotnik, Maria S. "How Employees with Different National Identities Experience a Geocentric Organizational Culture of a Global Corporation: A Phenomenological Study." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/319.
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A global corporation values both profitability and social acceptance; its units mutually negotiate governance and represent a highly interdependent network where centers of excellence and high-potential employees are identified regardless of geographic locations. These companies try to build geocentric, or “world oriented” (Marquardt, 1999, p. 20), organizational cultures. Such culture “transcends cultural differences and establishes ‘beacons’ – values and attitudes – that are comprehensive and compelling” (Kets de Vries & Florent-Treacy, 2002, p. 299) for all employees, regardless of their national origins. Creating a geocentric organizational culture involves transforming each employee’s mindset, beliefs, and behaviors so that he/she can become “a world citizen in spite of having a national identity” (Marquardt, 1999, p. 47). The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation. Phenomenological research aims to understand “how people experience some phenomenon—how they perceive it, describe it, feel about it, judge it, remember it, make sense of it, and talk about it with others” (Patton, 2002, p. 104). Twelve participants were selected using criteria, convenience, and snow-ball sampling strategies. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. Data were analyzed inductively, using Moustakas’s (1994) Modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen Method of Analysis of Phenomenological Data. The participants in this study experienced a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation as on in which they felt connected, valued, and growing personally and professionally. The participants felt connected to the companies via business goals and social responsibility. The participants felt valued by the company because their creativity was welcomed and they could contribute to the corporation certain unique knowledge of the culture and language of their native countries. The participants felt growing personally and professionally due to the professional development opportunities, cross-cultural awareness, and perspective consciousness. Based on the findings from this study, a model of a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation: An employee perspective is proposed. Implications for research and practice conclude this study.
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Shuma, Baraka John. "Attracting and regulating foreign direct investments in biofuels production in Tanzania." Thesis, UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3121.
Full textBooks on the topic "Lesotho National Development Corporation"
1
National Dialogue on the Development of a National Vision for Lesotho (2001 Maseru, Lesotho). Report of the National Dialogue on the Development of a National Vision for Lesotho (Lesotho Vision 2020). Maseru, Lesotho: The Kingdom, 2001.
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2
Statistics, Lesotho Bureau of. National strategy for the development of statistics (NSDS), 2006/07-2015/16. Maseru, Lesotho: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Bureau of Statistics, 2006.
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3
Lesotho. Lesotho national youth policy: Youth sets the pace, others follow. Maseru, Lesotho: Ministry of Environment, Gender, and Youth Affairs, 2002.
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4
National University of Lesotho. Faculty of Agriculture. Faculty of Agriculture: A commitment to training high-level manpower for agricultural development. Roma, Lesotho, Southern Africa: Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho, 1991.
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5
Ansah, P. A. V. Golden Jubilee lectures: Theme : broadcasting and national development. Accra: Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, 1985.
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6
Lesotho, ed. Proceedings of the GEF National Consultative Dialogue Workshop in Lesotho: National Convention Centre, Maseru, 30 November-2 December 2004. Maseru]: Govt. of Lesotho, 2004.
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7
Link, Marcus. First National Development Corporation of SWA Ltd. als Entwicklungsbank in SWA/Namibia. Bonn: Deutsche Afrika-Stiftung, 1989.
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8
Dyer, Kate. The Lesotho national report for the Fourth World Conference on Women: Beijing, 1995. [Maseru?: s.n., 1995.
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9
Onabanjo, Julitta. Evaluation of the National Adolescent Health Promotion and Development Programme for Lesotho: Evaluation report. Maseru: [Government of Lesotho], 2002.
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10
Mda, Zakes. Marotholi travelling theatre: The theatre for development project of the National University of Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: Mazenod Institute, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Lesotho National Development Corporation"
1
Braun, Y. A. "Seeing through water: gender, anxiety and livelihoods in large-scale infrastructural development in the era of climate change." In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 69–81. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0006.
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Abstract A narrative approach is taken in this chapter to document and analyze the gendered social and socio-environmental consequences of globalized river basin development using water as the lens to understand the depth and breadth of these changes in people's lives. The chapter is based on primary multi-site ethnographic field research conducted in all three active dam areas of Lesotho in 1997 and 2000-2002, as well as ongoing documentary research. Water remains central within Lesotho's national development plans and to the stability of the region even amid changing climate conditions. More locally, as water becomes more precarious within the lives of highlands residents living near the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP), this chapter reveals the multi-layered, complex, embodied experiences of infrastructure policy and its consequences, for the everyday lives and livelihoods of people directly affected by these projects.
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Sefuthi, Nkhasi, and Masekara Sekoankoetla. "Reflections on the development of the National Disability Mainstreaming Plan in Lesotho." In The Routledge Handbook of Disability in Southern Africa, 28–40. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315278650-4.
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Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro, Claudia Martínez-Villanueva, and Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda. "University Social Responsibility and Its Effects on the Promotion of Entrepreneurship and Growth." In Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development, 332–51. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5837-8.ch015.
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From a descriptive-functional paradigm, this study explores how universities contribute to the promotion of entrepreneurship and the growth of small and medium enterprises in Chile. This fact constitutes the first approximation to the phenomenon of installing a national network of business development centers driven by the Technical Cooperation Service (SERCOTEC, for its acronym in Spanish), a private law corporation and a body dependent on the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism of Chile. The study uses a qualitative methodology of phenomenological order, and it concludes as of diverse experiences about the achievements evidenced by a group of sixteen business owners advised by these centers from different locations of Chile.
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Gerner-Beuerle, Carsten, and Michael Schillig. "Legal and Theoretical Foundations of the Business Corporation." In Comparative Company Law, 3–84. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199572205.003.0001.
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In accordance with comparative law methodology, the chapter seeks to define and delineate in functional terms the subject matter of this book. It aims to provide a workable conception of ‘business corporation’ and ‘company law’ that transcends national boundaries. The modern business corporation (or company) is a comparatively recent phenomenon that emerged in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Its rise is linked with the development of the modern nation state and capitalism. Despite a growing interest in comparative company law scholarship, most lawyers still approach the subject with preconceptions formed by their own domestic corporate law experience. This can be problematic given that major differences in typology, historical development, regulatory framework, and legal characteristics remain. Consequently, this chapter discusses the concepts and terminology used in this context in common law and civil law systems, explores separate legal personality and limited liability as defining properties of the business corporation, provides an overview of the historic development of the business corporation and of corporate (law) theory, and analyses the sources of domestic corporate law.
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Raditloaneng, Wapula N., Morgen Chawawa, and Rakel Kavena Shalyefu. "A Case Study on Training and Leadership." In Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 117–36. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8589-5.ch006.
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The challenge for African universities is to refocus their research and teaching missions to transform and revitalize the relationship between higher education and national development needs. Funded by British Academy African Partnerships (BAAP) programme, the University of Botswana, in partnership with The National University of Lesotho, University of Malawi and Calabar University in Nigeria, carried out 18 months of collaborative research project aimed at determining the implementation of Third Mission of Universities through rural community training and leadership. One of the two case studies, in D'Kar by Kellogg, in partnership with BA ISAGO University College yielded some very useful results. This included the necessity to build community leadership for sustainable development and the beginning of the poverty reduction process to take place.
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Dhamija, Ankit, and Deepika Dhamija. "Technological Advancements in Payments." In Strategic Human Capital Development and Management in Emerging Economies, 250–58. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1974-4.ch011.
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Mobile banking in India has witnessed a lot of changes with respect to technological and architectural changes. The continuous rise in the number of mobile banking users is due to this fact that the technological advancements that has restored the faith and boosted the trust of users towards mobile banking and payments. However, in a developing economy like India, where this number of mobile users is expected to grow exponentially, the complexity will also grow as the mobile users expect the mobile banking services to be fast, convenient and most importantly, more secure. There is a scope of improvement with the already existing thing and mobile banking is no different In this direction, the National Payments Corporation of India has initiated a system called Unified Payments Interface (UPI) that further eases the process of money transfer through smart phones and feature phones, thereby bringing this technology within everybody's reach. This chapter further puts insights into the implementation and feasibility aspects of UPI and how it is better than the systems prevailing today.
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Silva e Souza, Geraldo, and Eliseu Alves. "Scientific Computing in the Context of a Successful Agricultural Research Enterprise." In Computational Methods for Agricultural Research, 1–5. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-871-1.ch001.
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Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), a governmental agricultural research institution from Brazil, is a case of successful organizacional innovation that has as main characteristics: a public corporation model of organization; scale of operation at national level; spatial decentralization; specialized research units; enhanced training and remuneration of human resources and a vision of an agriculture based on science and technology. Moreover, from the beginning the organization has always been result oriented. Among the structural and political issues that led this enterprise to reach a well succeeded position, the authors argue that the strong application of scientific computing is the underlying reason that enabled high quality results achieved in research, development, and innovation. All of these reasons are presented in the next sections.
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Chawla, Y. P., and R. S. P. Singh. "Skill Space Mission India 2025." In Technical Education and Vocational Training in Developing Nations, 214–35. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1811-2.ch010.
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India ventured into the Skilling space mission launched in 2009 and reoriented its direction and focus to meet “Make in India”, “Start Up-Stand Up” and “Solarizing India”. The Skill spaces and technology investments for “Make in India” are in independent silos with no change in earlier estimated skill requirements for various sectors as estimated by National Skill Development Corporation, now with a renewed thrust of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). National Policy on Skill Development (NPSD) under Skill Development mission (2010) approved by the previous government had set a target for skilling 50 crore (500 million) persons by the year 2022. NSDC has now set a revised target of skilling / upskilling 15 crore (1500 Mn.) people by the year 2022. The investments in Technology and the Skilling are operating from respective independent and closed silos with very little interaction.
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Offner, Amy C. "Land Reform in Local Hands and Local Minds." In Sorting Out the Mixed Economy, 50–78. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190938.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the Cauca Valley Corporations (CVC) that performed the iconic functions of the developmental state, giving the national government unprecedented reach and power. The autonomous corporation was in fact the public authority that administered Colombia's 1961 land reform law in one of Latin America's richest agricultural regions. No policy more powerfully symbolized the promise of mid-century developmentalism, and none depended more systematically on local intermediaries whose skills and relationships undergirded every property negotiation, cadastral survey, and forcible eviction. The CVC translated the letter of the law into facts on the ground. The CVC also interpreted the law and sealed its fate in the Cauca Valley. Crafted in the wake of the Cuban revolution, Colombia's agrarian reform aimed to show Latin Americans that capitalist development could deliver economic redistribution and social justice.
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Chen, Xi, and Rapeepat Techakittiroj. "The Factors Affecting Successful Implementation of ERP in Nanjing Manufacturing SMEs." In Business, Technology, and Knowledge Management in Asia, 59–70. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2652-2.ch005.
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in companies can be implemented to Multi National Corporation (MNC), Larger Enterprise, and Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). In China, 99% of all companies can be categorized as SMEs. With a decade of high-speed economy development after entering the 21st century, traditional Chinese SMEs want to find a new management model to improve work efficiency and increase business opportunities. This study finds the factors affecting the diffusion and successful implementation of ERP in Chinese Nanjing manufacturing SMEs. It will lead to the conclusion that ERP investment and implementation, which could be used as project guideline by the management of SMEs or companies that adopt ERP in intend to implement them. The objective is to provide Nanjing’s SMEs implementing ERP with knowledge about ERP implementation factors.
Conference papers on the topic "Lesotho National Development Corporation"
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Mahao, Matete, and Ning Yan. "Review on China-Lesotho International Cooperation Platforms in the Background of Belt and Road Initiative." In 4th International Symposium on Business Corporation and Development in South-East and South Asia under B&R Initiative (ISBCD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200708.033.
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Zhang, Xutao, Yuefen Gao, and Guohua Shi. "Application and Development of Renewable Energy: A Case Study of Solar Energy Utilization in Baoding, China." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90471.
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As we know, more and more energy are required to meet the demands of society, and this has forced the government to review the economy and energy policies. The solar energy resource is abundant in China, which provides a good foundation with the utilization of solar energy. In China, there is a Silica Valley in Beijing, an Optics Valley in Wuhan, and also an Electricity Valley in Baoding. First, the only domestic national industry base of renewable energy and equipment is located in Baoding National New and High-tech Industry Zone. Secondly, there are great advantages on the photovoltaic industry, the wind power generation and the power transmission and transformation equipment, corresponded with the Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited, Zhong Hang Huiteng Wind Power Equipment Corporation Limited and Tian Wei Group Corporation Limited, respectively. Then it is a natural choice for the local government to develop the renewable energy in the readjustment of industry structures. This paper deals with the utilizations and prospects of solar energy.
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Khushnud, Ziyodilloev, Shomurodov Tokhir, Qingjie Zhou, and Hong’en Yang. "Analyzing Characteristics and Trends of Economic Growth in the Sectors of National Economy of Uzbekistan." In 4th International Symposium on Business Corporation and Development in South-East and South Asia under B&R Initiative (ISBCD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200708.026.
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Yang, Haibin. "Why National Capacity Affects the Level of Technological Progress: Based on the Experience of Asian Countries." In 4th International Symposium on Business Corporation and Development in South-East and South Asia under B&R Initiative (ISBCD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200708.044.
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Masanobu, Sotaro, Shunji Kato, Arata Nakamura, Takashi Sakamoto, Toshio Yoshikawa, Atsushi Sakamoto, Hideo Uetani, Kenichi Kawazuishi, and Kunihisa Sao. "Development of Natural Gas Liquefaction FPSO." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51382.
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Natural gas is abundant and is cleaner than petroleum. Therefore, demand for natural gas is expected to grow significantly. However, the means of transporting natural gas is presently limited to pipelines and LNG tankers, thereby making its wider use unlikely. There are substantial numbers of known gas reservoirs that are difficult to develop utilizing current transportation means because of constraints such as the scale of gas fields, water depth, distance to shore, and distance from markets. A new, economical, reliable development technique or transportation means is required for developing such gas reservoirs. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC) and private corporations have jointly investigated the Natural Gas Liquefaction Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (NGL-FPSOs) units to effectively develop gas reservoirs by converting the gas into NGL. This paper presents the background on NGL-FPSO development and findings on its application.
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Asanov, Turusbek, and Marat Kudaikulov. "Multinational Corporation as the Highest Form of Managing in Modern Economic System." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00971.
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example of that multinational corporations are the highest form of managing of capitalist economic system. The notable separation of the countries of economic vanguard from other countries (group of the high-growth countries, the socialist countries, the countries) happened to a transitional economy on the basis of multinational corporation development. The economic aspect of this influence is accurately traced in effective instruments of industrial, scientific and technical, social and economic development. Evolutionary changes of the relations of property, the competition, strengthening of regularity of national economies in capitalist economic system are inseparably linked now with multinational corporation. Even in stronger, in the economic plan, the countries consider multinational corporation not only through a prism of economic influence, but also political domination. This moment is telling argument of finding of multinational corporation in the center of serious discussions concerning their role, positive or negative, in the international division of labor, in processes of movement of the capitals and globalization of world economy. It follows from this that the state economic policy in the Kyrgyz Republic which basis are processes of formation and development of the market relations, has to provide active use of the developed economic forms (in this case multinational corporation) more progressive system of the economic relations, i.e. modern capitalism. In this research attempt of theoretical justification of mutually beneficial cooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with multinational corporation which will act as an interaction basis with multinational corporations present at the Kyrgyz Republic ("Kumtor Opereyting Company", Gazprom, Reemstma, Coca-Cola, etc.) is carried out.
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Pillsbury, P. W., W. R. Ryan, and J. R. Moore. "Dual-Use Conversion of a High Mach Number Jet Engine Test Cell for Industrial Gas Turbine Low-Emission Combustor Development." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-046.
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With the recent trend of reducing U.S. military expenditures, it has become desirable to develop dual use of certain Department of Defense facilities. These efforts have a commercial purpose, while still retaining a military benefit. The goals of these efforts are to make U.S. business more competitive in world markets, to develop the technology to solve pressing national problems, and to maintain intact the necessary talent pool and equipment for possible military needs. In a recent initiative described in this paper, test cell equipment at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, Arnold AFB, Tennessee, was modified and expanded to allow development by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation of low-emission combustors for heavy-duty gas turbines for commercial power generation.
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Li, Wei, Shuhong Du, Weiquan Gu, Nan Zhang, Ming Ding, Zhongning Sun, and Zhaoming Meng. "An Integrated Experimental Test Facility to Support Development of the Passive Containment Cooling System of HPR1000." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16678.
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Abstract HPR1000 is an advanced nuclear power plant with the significant feature of an active and passive safety design philosophy, developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation. It is based on the large accumulated knowledge from the design, construction as well as operations experience of nuclear power plants in China. The passive containment cooling system (PCS) of HPR1000 is an important and innovative passive safety system to suppress the pressure in the containment during LOCA. In this paper, the detailed design process of PCS is reviewed, and an integrated experiment facility for the study on the coupling behavior between PCS and thermal hydraulic characteristics in the containment is described, and arrangement of measuring points including temperature, pressure, gas composition and so on are introduced in detailed. Also, the experimental energy released and energy vent to ensure the similarity of containment pressure response, thermal stratification and PCS heat removal is introduced. According to this versatile experiment facility can conduct real-engineering system test which is designed to support the PCS development. In addition, this valuable experience in the design and manufacture of integrated experiment facility can provide important technical support and guidance for the China next generation advanced PWR as well as safety related system.
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Jimenez, Oscar, John McClain, Bryan Edwards, Vijay Parthasarathy, Hamid Bagheri, and Gary Bolander. "Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Development Program — Design and Test of a Ceramic Turbine Blade." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-529.
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The goal of the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) Development Program, under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT), is to improve the performance (fuel efficiency, output power, and exhaust emissions) of stationary gas turbines in cogeneration through the selective replacement of hot section components with ceramic parts. This program, which is headed by Solar Turbines Incorporated and supported by various suppliers, and national research institutes, includes detailed engine and component design, procurement, and field testing. A major challenge in the successful introduction of ceramic parts into a gas turbine is the design of the interface between the ceramic parts and metallic hardware. A turbine blade, which incorporated a dovetail root, was designed with such considerations. A relatively thin compliant layer between the ceramic-metallic loading surface was considered for equalizing pressure face load distributions. Five monolithic siliocn nitride ceramic materials were considered: AS800 and GN10, AlliedSignal Ceramic Components; NT164, Norton Advanced Ceramics; SN281 and SN253, Kyocera Industrial Ceramics Corporation. The probability of survival using NASA/CARES for 30,000 hours of engine operation was calculated for each material. The blade frequencies, stresses, and temperatures were predicted. The influence of the dovetail angle was also analyzed to determine the most optimum configuration. Prior to engine installation all blades underwent extensive nondestructive evaluation and spin proof testing. This paper will review the design, life prediction, and testing of the first stage ceramic turbine blade for the Solar Turbines Centaur 5OS engine.
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Kinney, Troy W., and Michael L. Easley. "Ceramic Gas Turbine Technology Development." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-465.
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Under the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DoE) funded Ceramic Turbine Engine Demonstration Project (CTEDP), AlliedSignal Engines is addressing remaining critical concerns slowing the commercialization of structural ceramics in gas turbine engines. These issues include demonstration of ceramic component reliability, readiness of ceramic suppliers to support ceramic production needs, and development of ceramic design technologies. The AlliedSignal/Garrett Model 331-200[CT] auxiliary power unit (APU) is being used as a ceramics test bed engine. The first-stage turbine blades and nozzles were redesigned for ceramic materials, employing design methods developed during the earlier Dept. of Energy/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (DoE/NASA)-funded Advanced Gas Turbine (ACT) and Advanced Turbine Technology Applications (ATTAP) programs. The fabrication processes for these components provide the framework for demonstration of ceramic manufacturing process scale-up to the minimum level for commercial viability. Ceramic engine components have been fabricated and are now being evaluated in laboratory engine testing. This testing is helping to refine the component designs and focus the development of ceramic component technologies. Extended engine endurance testing and field testing in commercial aircraft is planned, to demonstrate ceramic component reliability. Significant progress was made during 1996 in the ceramic component manufacturing scale-up activities. The CTEDP ceramics subcontractors, AlliedSignal Ceramic Components (Torrance, CA) and Kyocera Industrial Ceramics Corporation (Vancouver, WA) demonstrated increased capacity and improved yields of silicon nitride materials. Planned ceramic turbine nozzle manufacturing demonstrations were initiated by both companies. Ceramic design technology was further refined in several areas. Work continued in defining boundary conditions for impact modeling of ceramic turbine engines, including completion of a three-dimensional trajectory analysis for combustor carbon particles in the engine flowpath. Contact rig tests and supporting analyses helped define the effectiveness of compliant layers in reducing ceramic turbine blade attachment contact stresses, and the results are aiding the evolution of more effective compliant layer configurations. This work supported evaluation of various ceramic turbine blade attachment designs in subelement and engine tests. Thin-film strain gage technology for measuring vibratory levels at high temperatures was successfully applied on ceramic turbine blades. Ceramic materials were screened for susceptibility to cyclic hot corrosion fatigue at the conditions affecting turbine blades. Stress rupture testing in support of the proof test methodology development was completed. Engine endurance tests with ceramic turbine nozzles accumulated over 482 additional hours of successful operation. Ceramic turbine blades were successfully demonstrated in over 190 hours of engine operation. This work brought the combined ceramic component engine test experience to over 1500 operating hours. Work summarized in this paper was funded by the DoE Office of Transportation Technologies, as part of the Turbine Engine Technologies Program, and administered through Fiscal Year 1996 by the NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH under Contract No. OEN3-335.
Reports on the topic "Lesotho National Development Corporation"
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Orrnert, Anna. Review of National Social Protection Strategies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.026.
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This helpdesk report reviews ten national social protection strategies (published between 2011-2019) in order to map their content, scope, development processes and measures of success. Each strategy was strongly shaped by its local context (e.g. how social development was defined, development priorities and existing capacity and resources) but there were also many observed similarities (e.g. shared values, visions for social protection). The search focused on identifying strategies with a strong social assistance remit from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Sarahan African and South and South-East Asian regions1 (Latin America was deemed out of scope due the advanced nature of social protection there). Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa are most widely available. Few examples are available from the MENA region2 – it may be that such strategies do not currently exist, that potential strategy development process are in more nascent stages or that those strategies that do exist are not accessible in English. A limitation of this review is that it has not been able to review strategies in other languages. The strategies reviewed in this report are from Bangladesh (2015), Cambodia (2011), Ethiopia (2012), Jordan (2019), Kenya (2011), Lesotho (2014), Liberia (2013), Rwanda (2011), Uganda (2015) and Zambia (2014). The content of this report focuses primarily on the information from these strategies. Where appropriate, it also includes information from secondary sources about other strategies where those original strategies could not be found (e.g. Saudi Arabia’s NSDS).
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.