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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Less-developed economies'
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1
Yaldiz, Hanedar Elmas. "Essays on Loan Markets in Less-Developed Economies." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/985/1/Thesis_.pdf.
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Financial constraints are one of the most important obstacles for businesses particularly in less–developed and developing economies. Collateral requirements are frequently addressed as one the most important obstacles to starting and running a business especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), in these countries. This thesis consists of four empirical papers each corresponding to a chapter on loan markets in less-developed economies. After the introduction chapter, the second chapter investigates both the presence of collateral and the collateral to loan ratios on loans extended to SMEs are examined.
The informal credit mostly serves credit-constrained borrowers (mostly SMEs, poor households, informal businesses, borrowers in rural areas that are located far from formal creditors, and people who are not able to meet collateral requirements of formal creditors) in the formal financial markets. The third chapter aims to understand why and to what extend SMEs use informal credit from various sources, moneylenders and family/friends and suppliers/customers as forms of informal credit.
The fourth chapter examines the financial constraints faced by female entrepreneurs. The primary data source in these second, third and fourth chapters is the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys which are
mainly based on Eastern European and Central Asian countries. These surveys are joint projects of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank.
Chapter five of this thesis takes a different strand and focuses on the effect of banks’ market power on banks’ risk. The empirical analysis is based on data from Turkish banks and helps to shed light on the relation between market power and financial stability. Finally chapter six highlights the main conclusions and addresses potential future research directions.
2
Proto, Eugenio. "Financial markets, stagnation and instability in less developed economies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211076.
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Komakech, Samuel. "Firm ownership and financial structure in less developed economies : empirical evidence from three sub-Saharan economies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32373.
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This thesis comprehensively examines financial structure choices of firms in three emerging economies of the East African region. It highlights the lack of research in this area and empirically examines three panel data models of financial structure (ownership, firm-specific factorsâ and firm performance models, whilst incorporating the influence of macroeconomic factors) using panel data estimation techniques, including the method of moments framework. It estimates these models using panel data from 47 listed firms; and then data from 20 private firms. The original and significant contributions to knowledge of my thesis are as follows: it provides novel insights into the relation between ownership structure and firm financial structure; it provides new understanding of the relation between firm-specific factors and financial structure of quoted and private firms in emerging economies (an area where research has been lacking); it provides new understanding and additional evidence with respect to the effect of ownership structure on the performance of firms in the East African region; it incorporates the influence of macroeconomic and institutional factors on financial structure choices; and it proposes frameworks for reviewing knowledge of financial structure choices, which can be used for further scholarly work on financial structure of firms in emerging economies. The findings of this research have implications for a possibility of a new theoretical framework for researching financial structure choice of firms in emerging economies; for policy makers to design deliberate policies that enhance access to finance for firms operating in an emerging economy; and for policy makers to regulate institutions (banking sector and capital market) as they develop to ensure equitable access (particularly for the private firms) to finance by all firms operating within the economy. Taken together, the results have implication for future scholarship in that they provide clearer and useful insights on ownership structure, financial structure choices and performance of both quoted and private firms in emerging economies; and the methods used are highly replicable and can be replicated in future studies of financial structure choices of firms in emerging economies. It has also invoked further questions that require answers.
4
Tacneng, Ruth. "Essays on bank PME finance, banking structures and governance mechanisms in emerginig and less developed economies." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b377441e-1546-484a-ba86-3b18c684e4fa/blobholder:0/2013LIMO1013.pdf.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner les problèmes des banques dans les pays émergents et moins développés, tel que le financement des PME et les mécanismes de gouvernance bancaire. Nouss étudions l’état de financement bancaire des PME dans un pays où les banques sont obligées d’allouer une part de leurs prêts aux PME. Nous trouvons que les grandes banques et les banques étrangères allouent moins de crédits aux PME. En utilisant un sondage que nous avons réalisé auprès des banques philippines, nos résultats montrent que le secteur des PME est perçu comme un marché rentable. Les banques sont contraintes à prêter aux petites entreprises à cause de l’opacité de ces PME. Le credit scoring et le factoring sont les techniques de financement les plus adaptées pour financer les petites entreprises. En examinant l’impact de la diversification du revenu sur la rentabilité des banques commerciales, nous trouvons que les banques étrangères et les petites banques bénéficient de l’augmentation des revenus hors intérêts. Nous testons l’impact des actionnaires étrangers minoritaires sur le risque bancaire dans un pays où les actions détenues par les étrangers sont limitées. Nous trouvons que les banques domestiques peuvent diminuer leurs créances douteuses lorsque le droit de vote des actionnaires minoritaires étrangers augmente. L’étude de la structure actionnariale des banques dans les pays moins développés montre qu’une augmentation de la concentration de la structure actionnariale est associée à un niveau de risque plus élevé. Toutefois, de meilleures institutions peuvent atténuer l’impact de la concentration de la structure actionnariale en réduisant le risque de crédit<br>The aim of this thesis is to examine several issues that banks confront in emerging and less developed economies such as SME financing and bank governance mechanisms. We first provide an overview of the level of bank SME financing in an economy where banks are mandated by law to lend to SMEs. We find large banks, foreign-owned, and well-managed ones to have low small firm financing exposures. Using a newly-gathered survey data of Philippine banks, we find that all banks perceive the SME market to be profitable. However, banks lend less to SMEs because of their opacity and that lending technologies are largely underdeveloped to serve small firms. Moreover, our results show that credit scoring and factoring are the arms-length lending technologies that are most suited to small firm lending. Examining the impact of income diversification on profitability on Philippine commercial banks, we find smaller banks, foreign banks and banks that lend less to SMEs to derive larger gains from a shift towards non-interest income. Investigating the effects of different governance mechanisms on bank risk taking in an economy where foreign ownership restrictions exist, our results indicate that minority foreign owners have a positive impact on bank performance, particularly, at lower levels of control manifested by dominant domestic shareholders. We also tackle the impact of ownership concentration on bank risk in less developed economies using an institutional approach. The results show that an increase in ownership concentration is associated with higher risk but better quality of institutions mitigates the negative impact of ownership concentration, notably in reducing credit risk
5
Makhmadshoev, Dilshod. "Institutional influences on global value chain entry : a comparative case study investigation of two less developed transition economies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24877.
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Jalilian, Said Hossein. "Indigenous and external sources of technological change in less developed countries." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261037.
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Wilkie, J. Callum. "Promoting innovation and economic growth in less developed territories." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3750/.
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This thesis is about innovation and economic growth in less developed territories. It is motivated by the inadequacy of our understanding of innovation in lagging contexts. It is situated in the body of literature that examines and stresses the contextually contingent nature of innovation. It does, however, branch out to probe the link between innovation and economic performance and contemplate the design of strategic approaches to promote the latter. It is composed of an introduction, four related chapters and a short conclusion. Chapter 1 relies on an investigation of a large sample of North American and European regions to assess whether all less developed regions are, from an innovation perspective, functionally the same. In particular, it addresses the issue of what makes the less developed regions of North America more innovative than their European counterparts. Chapter 2 expands the scope of the thesis to include the emerging world. It unpacks the processes of innovation hosted by China’s more and less developed cities, respectively, with a view to identify and understand the differences between the sets of factors that drive and shape processes of innovation in them. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between innovation and economic performance in less developed regions. A comparison of two types of lagging regions in Europe is undertaken to explore the extent to which different types of economically disadvantaged regions are capable of transforming knowledge and innovation into economic dynamism, given their unique socioeconomic and institutional characteristics. Chapter 4 reflects on the strategic approaches that have been relied on to promote innovation and economic growth more generally. It reviews a handful of ‘strategies of waste’ and ‘of gain’ to ascertain insights into the steps policy-makers can take to maximise the likelihood that territorial development policies fulfil their potential and contribute to the reduction of territorial disparities.
8
Gowon, Chileshe Hilda Wabo. "Exchange Rate Stability and its Implications for Economic Development of the Less Developed Countries." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4096.
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The question that Less Developed Countries have faced since the advent of floating exchange rates among the Industrial Countries is whether they should also adopt a floating exchange rate system. The Less Developed Countries have opted for a pegged exchange rate system, since their economic characteristics and institutional structure indicate that floating for the Less Developed Countries would result in volatile or unstable exchange rates. Since Less Developed Countries peg t heir exchange rates in the presence of flexible rates among industrial countries, the Less Developed Countries pegged exchange rates move in accordance to the exchange rates to which they are pegged. This study examines whether there are differences in the variability of the different effective exchange rate indices or currency baskets. Specifically the export, import and total trade weighted effective exchange rates for three African Less Developed Countries are examined. Currency baskets are varied by changing the number of currencies coefficent of variation included in was used the basket. The to compare the variability in the different effective exchange rates.
9
Kebede, Ephraim. "Trade liberalisation, openness and economic growth in less-developed countries." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6705/.
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A number of studies, including those in the World Bank and the IMF, would suggest that trade liberalisation is an integral part of economic reform in developing countries. Although trade liberalisation is a well researched area, there are still some remaining issues that need to be addressed. Most of the earlier studies focus on establishing a link between trade policies and long-term economic performance, measured in terms of productivity or per capita GDP growth. Although theories promoting inward-oriented policies emerged in the fifties and sixties, the unsustainable and often destructive effects of importsubstitution policies have, by and large, been discredited with the realisation that potential benefits of an open trade regime may outweigh its costs. In the early 20th century, openness was not a popular policy while protectionism dominated, and during the fifties a majority of developing countries followed it as a genuine path to industrialisation.
10
Birbaumer, Georg. "Four-phase extension : an information system approach for less developed rural regions." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336084.
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Gisanabagabo, Sebuhuzu. "Investment in secondary and tertiary education for economic growth: lessons for Rwanda from selected less developed countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6591_1190370240.
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<p>This research explored two interrelated issues in development economics. FIrstly, it investigated the importance of secondary and tertiary education for long-run growth of low-income economics. Secondly, it examined possible ways to invest in these higher levels of education. It draws on insights on these two issues to highlight lessons for Rwanda where policy makers have set out plans to build a knowledge economy in which science and technology would form the basis of the modern enterprise.</p>
12
Gonoody, Gita <1984>. "Economic growth, financial development and trade and CO2 emission in developed, emerging and less economically developed countries." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5053.
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Ramachandran, K. "Appropriateness of incentives for small scale enterprise location in less developed areas : The experiences of the United Kingdom, Japan and India." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373996.
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Elhiraika, Adam Biraima. "Financial development and economic growth in a less developed country : Sudan, 1960-1988." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320514.
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Lemons, Kenneth Elvert. "A comparative study of technology assessment, social impact assessment and environmental impact assessment in developed and less developed countries : 1980-1994." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28952.
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Arce, A. M. G. "The administration of agrarian policy in a less developed country : the case of the S.A.M. in Mexico." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376245.
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PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1255809.
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Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
18
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1255868.
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Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
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PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1255886.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
20
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263900.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
21
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1259888.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
22
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1260145.
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Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
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PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263960.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
24
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1264020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
25
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1265260.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
26
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1259928.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
27
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1264042.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
28
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263922.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
29
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1260131.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
30
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263982.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
31
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1259908.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
32
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1260138.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
33
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1265360.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
34
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1266685.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
35
PARKOO, KUDZO WOEZO. "Open source technologies and local economic development: Exploring adoption factors in a Less Developed Country." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1265280.
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Abstract
A rapidly growing body of research is investigating the role and the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in alleviating poverty. Many of these studies have focused on ICT with proprietary software, however, careful academic studies have been devoted to the adoption of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), since it is recognized as unique opportunity for less economically developed countries (LEDCs). In fact, a lot of opportunities and challenges have been posed for developing countries by the dramatic growth of open source software. However, the problematic nature of FOSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems. With issues such as high level of poverty, illiteracy, poor health services and lack of ICT awareness, how can developing country policy makers and other key stakeholders make informed decisions about the benefits and implications of choosing open source solutions. To benefit from this opportunity, it is therefore important for all players to identify and understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FOSS industry in LEDCs. To reach this research purpose, we proposed a conceptual framework based on various literature reviews and examined it to find the effect of some of the technological, environmental, organizational, social and individual factors on FOSS adoption and use in SMEs industry in Ghana; then, future trends that are likely to impact the deployment and development of FOSS in the country were assessed. The methodology employed is a two-fold approach involving; quantitative method with structural equation model of partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and qualitative method using a combination of Delphi techniques and SWOT analysis. In the quantitative approach the results of study suggest that power distance cultural dimension and FOSS system compatibility and capabilities have positive influence on perceived usefulness of the software. Conversely, system complexity, government supports and awareness have negative influence on the perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness has no effect on users’ intention to adopt. In addition, FOSS quality and power distance cultural dimension have positive influence on perceived ease of use which in turn has significant effect on users’ intention to adopt. While government supports, education and awareness have negative influence on users’ intention to adopt, power distance cultural dimension, social identification and personal innovativeness in IT have positive effect. In summary, the obtained results from SEM-PLS revealed that related factors explained 86% of the variation of influencing factors on intention to adopt, which in turn explained 58% of variance of usage behavior. In the qualitative approach the result was based on the internal and external factors identified through the Delphi techniques iterations. Additionally, SWOT analysis was carried out to foresee an efficient software industry that could help to boost local economic development of the country. In fact, the result reveals significant strengths within Ghanaian SMEs but less opportunity for Ghana as a whole. In regard to this finding there is need for strong collaboration and partnership among government, universities and industry with policy suggestions that should be optimally implemented.
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Macdougald, Joseph J. "Internet Use and Economic Development: Evidence and Policy Implications." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3225.
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This dissertation explores how Internet use impacts four different measures of economic development using several econometric techniques on multi-country panel data. The economic development outcomes investigated are: per capita GDP, per capita export revenues, per capita market capitalization, and societal well-being as measured by the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Data from the World Bank, the International Telecommunication Union, and the United Nations -covering 202 countries over the period 1996 to 2007- are combined to allow for empirical investigation using dynamic panel data and finite mixture model estimation techniques on the total sample and subsamples stratified by country income level. The results suggest that countries benefit differently from increasing Internet use and the magnitude of the effect depends on the income level of the country. In low income countries, additional Internet use has a significant positive effect on per capita GDP and overall welfare, as measured by the HDI. Increasing Internet use has a significant positive effect on all four measures of economic development in countries that have achieved middle income status. Since Internet use affects economic development outcomes differently depending on the income level of the country, the policy recommendations must also vary according to the country's income level.
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Schroth, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Wilfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Fuhrmann. "Microfinance and the enhancement of economic development in less developed countries / Maximilian Schroth ; Betreuer: Wilfried Fuhrmann." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218400811/34.
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Hegazy, Khaled Abdel Aziz Mohamed. "Accounting reforms as an aid to economic development in less developed countries : with special reference to Egypt." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337872.
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Zhu, Kai. "The state-owned enterprise reform in China : its potential for economic take-off in less developed localities." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12003/document.
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Cette thèse, par le biais d'une approche scientifique, propose une solution visant à favoriser le développement économique des localités les moins développées de Chine. Les mesures institutionnelles prises sous la Réforme vers l'économie de marché (de 1978 à nos jours), n'ont pas permis de réduire les inégalités économiques entre les différentes localités. L'innovation institutionnelle est nécessaire pour permettre le développement économique et engendrer une société harmonieuse. Bien que davantage d'études théoriques soient encore en cours, mes investigations en Chine en 2004 et 2005 m'ont convaincu que les localités les moins développées de Chine peinent à mettre en place des économies de marché si elles ne bénéficient pas du soutien du gouvernement aussi bien au niveau local que national. Cette découverte contredit le culte actuel du marché et met en évidence la sous-évaluation du rôle à différents niveaux du gouvernement, dans le développement économique local. Grâce aux expériences de développement local en Chine depuis la Réforme, l'intervention de l'Etat a pu adopter une approche 'market-enhancing' et à différents niveaux, le gouvernement a pu coopérer avec des institutions privées pour favoriser le développement économique dans les localités les moins développées. Ainsi, cette thèse tente de redéfinir les relations entre les fonctions économiques du gouvernement, l'économie locale, les agents publics et privés dans le contexte de la Réforme d'économie de marché. Les entreprises d'état sont le point focal de l'innovation institutionnelle. Pendant la période de Pré-Réforme (1949-1978), elles étaient dirigées par le gouvernement central sous le régime du socialisme et ont remarquablement contribué au développement économique local. Mais la Réforme orientée vers une économie de marché lancée en 1978 les a privatisées ou transformées en corporations avec peu d'objectif sociopolitique et ne visant qu'à maximiser les profits, et donc par conséquent la contribution des entreprises d'état à l'économie locale s'est réduite au paiement des impôts et à la création d'emplois. Les répercussions bénéfiques au niveau local s'avèrent très limitées, notamment pour les localités moins développées ne bénéficiant pas des entreprises d'état réformées. Inspirée par des pratiques du partenariat public-privée, cette thèse propose un nouveau modèle d'entreprise d'état multifonctionnelle à double objectif sociopolitique et économique. Les caractéristiques possibles de cette entreprise seraient : 1) sa localisation : dans les localités les moins développées ; 2) la coopération publique-privée pouvant adopter différentes formes d'organisation avec des droits et obligations bien définis dans le contrat des entreprises; 3) elle encourage les initiatives sociopolitiques contribuant au développement de l'économie locale en combinant les dynamiques de marché<br>This PhD dissertation offers a scientifically supported solution to economic development in China's less developed localities (LDLs). The market-oriented Reform (from 1978 onwards) has not produced the institutional arrangement necessary to reduce the spatial economic inequality. lnstitutional innovation is necessary to achieve economic development and build a harmonious society. My investigations in China during 2004 to 2005 show that the LDLs hardly build up efficient local market economies without the government support from both central and locallevels. This finding challenges the current market hype in China and shows the undervaluation of multi-levelled governments' roI es in local economic development. Drawing experiences from local economic take-off in China, state intervention can adopt a marketenhancing approach and multi-level governments can cooperate with private forces to develop LDLs. This finding inspires a re-definition of the relationships between the government's economic functions, local economy, public and private forces in the context of the market-oriented Reform. State-owned enterprises (SOE) have proven to be a platform for such cooperation because during the pre-Reform period (1949-1978) they contributed remarkably in their traditional form to local economic development, especially in LDLs. But the SOE reform has gradually privatized traditional SOEs and transformed them into profit-oriented enterprises with hardly any socio-political objectives. The SOEs' contribution to the local economy has been reduced to tax payment and job creation, which both pro duce very limited benefits to localities, because in LDLs few jobs are created and taxes are collected at higher administrative levels. Recalling and updating the 'old' roles of the SOE, this thesis attempts a redefinition of the relationships between the SOE and the local economy in the context of the market-oriented Reform. A new kind ofmulti-functional SOE is proposed by drawing upon the traditional and the reformed models. A set of characteristics identify this SOE: 1) it should be located in LDLs; 2) it may adopt various shareholding forms but shareholders have clear dut Y and right under contract; and 3) it undertakes socio-political objectives, aiming to combine market dynamics with local development potential in order to promote local economic take-off
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Lynch, Christopher F. "The effects on economic growth of the orientation of the trade and payments regimes of less Developed countries." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91087.
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Economists have debated whether an inward oriented economy (one which is protected from competition of world prices) or an outward oriented economy (which has equivalent incentives for imports or domestic production) would better promote economic development. Previous studies in this area by Bela Belassa and Anne Krueger have been inconclusive. This study examines the hypothesis that an outward oriented trade and payments regime would enhance economic growth in less developed countries. The tests of the data presented in this paper indicate that an outward oriented trade and payments regime is positively correlated with higher economic growth.
A description of the theory, the methods used, and the results is included.<br>M.A.
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Virtue, Tony. "Towards the sustainability of microfinance services: the role of client impact monitoring." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006289/.
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[Abstract]: Over the last few decades microfinance has become an integral part of the economic development of the less developed countries with regional governments, themultilateral donor agencies such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank and other donor organisations investing in the industry to build its capacity andwiden the outreach. Further, the World Bank has highlighted the need to help the poor achieve self-sustainability as much more than just a social issue. In fact, in their view, the long-term financial growth of the Developed countries will be largely determined by the expansion of the Third World as their future client base. Those who are interested in economic development in the less developed countries strongly believe that microfinance will be an effective tool of alleviation of poverty and developing prosperity for the poor. For this reason microfinance is considered as one of the effective way of achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).Central to the success of microfinance is the distribution of capital from the wealthy to the poor in a manner which encourages accountability and responsibility from therecipient, while at the same time allowing donors to see appropriate stewardship of their funds. This is measured through the achievement of financial independence ofthe group being studied. The role of implementing agencies in facilitating this efficient and accountable transfer of capital is seen to be crucial to the ongoing development of microfinance. The interrelation between donors and these agencies requires a high degree of trust and mutual accountability, in many cases built up through years of hard work and experimentation.The policy framework and legislative environment for microfinance is still evolving. For instance some countries are still developing the regulatory environment to monitor the transparency of the industry. Furthermore, there are some growing concerns on the level of efficiency of the delivery of microfinance in making an impact on projects or at least making an impact on alleviation of poverty. In order to contribute to the latter, this study investigates a major microfinance operation in thePhilippines to examine whether it is consistent with the wider international practices, particularly in achieving the MDGs.The study uses a survey tool developed by the donor agency to monitor the quantitative and qualitative aspect of the microfinance operation and benchmark them against similar operations within the Asian region. The results show that, in the majority of cases, the Philippines operation has outperformed their counterparts. However, there is considerable room for improvement to maintain the sustainability of the operation.These experiences of successes and failures need to be recorded and delineated to build on existing achievements and support an environment geared towards substantial growth in the funding of microfinance in the future. It is the intention of this study to highlight these experiences and draw attention to the very real achievements currently being experienced through some effective microfinanceprojects.
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Athanasios, Athanasenas. "Food security in less developed countries: assessing the effects of food aid in rural Kenya as a food supply shock on consumption and nutrition." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45639.
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<p>Food Security can be defined in terms of establishing national or regional minimum nutritional standards, or in
terms of securing national or regional self-sufficiency production levels. In this research, food security is viewed
from a nutritional-economic standpoint. The prevalence of
severe malnutrition and food production instability, especially
in Sub-Saharan African Countries, creates the impetus
to identify the several economic aspects which characterize
the overall food sector and its security floor. Hence, LDC
governments, drawing on the WFP (World Food Program) and
other international agencies, are interested in formulating
a desirable national food strategy which, to a certain degree,
secures a balanced national food production sector and
consumption pattern.<p>
</p>
Food aid, in turn, is an essential mechanism designed to
serve developmental purposes, such as income redistribution
or provision of food as a real resource. Food-for-Work (FFW), as a specific form of food aid programs, represents a
short-run food supply shock in the market environment of the
recipient country's economy, since it is used as a "bridge"
for meeting the basic nutritional requirements of the poorest
households in the short-run. In the long-run, FFW can be
used for developing infrastructure, creating jobs and advancing working skills, providing additional income to participants,
and further improving the overall nutritional
status of the poor.<p>
</p>
Recognizing these features of food aid, this research focused
on the empirical estimation of the specific nutritional
contribution of a FFW project, implemented at the community
level in the Ewalel and Marigat locations of the
Baringo District, Rift Valley Province, Kenya. The primary
objectives were to measure empirically the magnitude of the
FFW contribution on the nutritional status of the participant
households, and to determine the relationship between
consumption patterns and domestic (local) food prices. In
this research, FFW participants' consumption behavior was
hypothesized to be differentiated from the non-participants
in terms of their income elasticities of demand for nutrients.
Also, it was hypothesized that the FFW nutritional
contribution to participants was greater than the equivalent
net income gains through the value of the FFW provided food
items (monetary market value of provided food items). Both
hypotheses are supported by the analysis.<p>
</p>To determine the course of this research, a two step analytical
procedure was followed. First, following Lancaster's
conceptual setting on the "Goods' Characteristics Theory."</p><br>Master of Science
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Wambalaba, Wamukota Francis W. "The impact of the multinational corporations on leading issues and policy making in less developed countries : (a case study on Kenya)." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3563.
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The era of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) is so significant in the development of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) as was the era of the Industrial Revolution in the development of the now More Developed countries (MDCs). It could be referred to as one of the major economic frontiers in the LDCs as is the computer frontier in the MDCs now. Naturally therefore, there are problems of distrust, fear of eventual crisis, uncertainty of the correct path and a pain in policy making. Coupled with the North/South delicate relationship, the MNC's (which mostly comes from the North) acceptability in LDCs (which are in the South) is of mixed feelings.
In this paper therefore we shall explore some of the problems affecting the MNC/LDC relationship. Thus, among the questions to ponder on are what has been the impact, is it harmful or beneficial, do all MNCs have the same impact and how does each party interpret each impact? These ques~ tions often end up in accusations between MNCs and LDCs in general without devouring each other. But not without a loss of resources especially time and extra costs involved in speculations on each other as well as cushioning of uncertain events that one party suspects of the other.
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Ko, Sung-youn. "Military Spending, External Dependence, and Economic Growth in Seven Asian Nations: a Cross-National Time-Series Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279398/.
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The theme of this study is that seven major East Asian less developed countries (LDCs) have experienced "dependent development," and that some internal and external intervening factors mattered in that process. Utilizing a framework of "dependent development," the data analysis deals with the political economy of development in these countries. This analysis supports the fundamental arguments of the dependent development perspective, which emphasize positive effects of foreign capital dependence in domestic capital formation and industrialization in East Asian LDCs. This perspective assumes the active role of the state, and it is found here to be crucial in capital accumulation and in economic growth. This cross-national time-series analysis also shows that the effects of external dependence and military spending on capital accumulation and economic growth can be considered as a regional phenomenon. The dependent development perspective offers a useful way to understand economic dynamism of East Asian LDCs for the past two decades.
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Okwor, Desmond Arinze [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Stephan, Johannes [Gutachter] Stephan, Horst [Gutachter] Brezinski, and Tobias [Gutachter] Knedlik. "What determines, using the new institutional economic approach, the development of the micro-insurance sector in less-developed countries, and what is its role for economic growth in such countries? / Desmond Arinze Okwor ; Gutachter: Johannes Stephan, Horst Brezinski, Tobias Knedlik ; Betreuer: Johannes Stephan." Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220636711/34.
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Caffera, Marcelo F. "The implementation and enforcement of environmental regulations in a less developed market economy: Evidence from Uruguay." 2004. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3152677.
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This dissertation consists of two different research efforts. In the first one I describe the institutional framework, policy instruments, and the enforcement process that characterize industrial water pollution regulation in Montevideo, Uruguay, aiming to identify and weigh institutional and political economy constraints that may help to explain the present instrument choice of command and control instruments as opposed to more cost-effective economic instruments. The identification of these constraints allows one to evaluate the possibilities that the country has of moving toward incentive-based instruments for the control of industrial water pollution. The second part of my dissertation is a formal econometric analysis that aims to first empirically examine the determinants of the allocation of inspections of industrial plants by the municipal and national governments in Montevideo and then to empirically testing the effect of these inspections, fines and other intermediate enforcement actions on the reported levels of emissions of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD 5) and the compliance status of industrial plants with regard to BOD 5 standards.
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Werker, Scott Allen. "Export manufacturing, economic growth, and social development among less developed countries a cross national quantitative study /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16818664.html.
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York, Dan W. "The role of energy in economic growth in oil-importing less-developed countries an international comparative analysis /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17543954.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100).
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Borlas, Brian S. "The impact of less developed country values on international environmental law environment, development, and sovereignty /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28239048.html.
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Okwor, Desmond Arinze. "What determines, using the new institutional economic approach, the development of the micro-insurance sector in less-developed countries, and what is its role for economic growth in such countries?" 2019. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A37641.
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This thesis examines the development of the micro-insurance sector in less developed countries, using the theoretical approach of new institutional economics. The main research questions are whether it is the insufficient compatibility between formal and informal institutions that hinders the development of micro-insurance below what had been widely predicted by the academic community? And what has to be done institutionally to make this industry an active contributor to economic growth? To investigate these questions, three distinct empirical studies, of which one is based on field work data generated for the thesis specifically, were carried out using a Probit model, a system of Generalized Method of Movements model, and a Vector Error Correction model. The hypotheses tests suggest that (i) the relevant informal institutions have a significant influence on the decision of individuals to enrol into micro-insurance product in Nigeria; (ii) by controlling for institutional quality, a positive development of the institution of micro-insurance contributes to reducing the size of the informal economy in Nigeria and other less developed countries); and (iii) that micro-insurance has both short and long term positive impacts on the economic growth in Nigeria.:Table of contents
Versicherungen 2
Table of contents 3
List of tables 8
List of figures 9
list of Appendices 11
List of Abbreviations 12
Acknowledgement 15
Abstract 17
Chapter 1 19
1. Overview of the study 19
1.1 Introduction 19
1.2 Aims and objectives 23
1.3 Structure of the Thesis 23
1.4 reference 26
Chapter 2 29
2. Theories and concepts of (micro) insurance 29
2.1 The poor and risk 29
2.2 The theoretical framework of insurance 36
2.3 The meaning of micro-insurance 40
2.4 The two faces of micro-insurance 42
2.5 Micro-insurance and traditional insurance 44
2.6 Demand and supply of micro-insurance 48
2.7 Micro-insurance supply chain 53
2.8 Reference 59
Chapter 3 65
3. New institutional economy 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Institution 65
3.3 Institution and organization 67
3.4 Neoclassical Approach 68
3.5 Institutional economic approach 70
3.6 New institutional economics 72
3.6.1 Property right 73
3.6.2 Transaction costs 76
3.6.3 Agency theory 78
3.7 New institutional economics and insurance 79
3.8 Conclusion 84
3.9 Reference 86
Chapter 4 90
4. Methodology 90
4.1 Introduction 90
4.3 Mixed-research strategy 92
4.3.1 Qualitative research 92
4.3.2 Quantitative research 93
4.4 The research method 95
4.4.1 Data collection 96
4.4.2 The sampling framework 96
4.4.3 Sample size and sampling technique 97
4.4.4 Questionnaire design 98
4.5 Instrument validity and reliability 98
4.5.1 Pre-testing of the instruments 100
4.6 Analytical approaches 100
4.7 Reference 102
Chapter 5 105
5. Nigeria and the development of micro-insurance industry 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Broad country context 106
5.3 Insurance Sector 109
5.4 Segments of the Nigerian insurance industry 110
5.4.1 Non-life insurance 112
5.5 Regulatory Landscape 115
5.5.1 Market development and restructuring initiative (MDRI): 117
5.6 Nigerian Insurance industry vs Global peers 118
5.7 Problems of the insurance industry in Nigeria 120
5.8 Micro-insurance in Nigeria 123
5.9 Reason to be optimistic 125
5.10 Distribution Channel of Micro-Insurance 127
5.11 Conclusion 129
5.12 Reference 130
Chapter 6 133
6. The effect of Societal norms on the likelihood of individuals to enrol in different forms of Micro-insurance products 133
6.1 Introduction 133
6.2 Institution, Values and Norms 134
6.3 Methods and variables 137
6.3.1 Dependent Variable: Micro-insurance enrolment 137
6.3.2 Independent variables 138
6.4 Justification for control variables 144
6.4.1 Formal institutional variables 144
6.4.2. Personal Characteristics 145
6.5 Model estimation 149
6.6 Result, analysis and discussion of findings 151
6.6.1 Presentation of the result 151
6.6.2 Analysis of the impact of values and norms 152
6.6.3 Analysis of the impact of formal institutions 156
6.6.4 Analysis of the impact of personal characteristics 158
6.7 Robustness of the Result 161
6.8 Conclusion 162
6.9 Reference 164
6.10 Appendix 171
Chapter 7 179
7. The Role of Institutions in the relationship between micro-insurance development and Size of the Informal economy in Sub-Saharan Africa 179
7.1 Introduction 179
7.2 A theoretical review of Informal economy 183
7.3 Theoretical and conceptual review 186
7.4 Data 186
7.5 Descriptive statistics 194
7.6 Model specification and estimation strategy 197
7.7 Empirical Results 200
7.8 Estimation and interpretation of system GMM 202
7.9 Robustness Checks 205
7.10 Conclusion 207
7.11 Reference 208
7.12 Appendix 213
Chapter 8 221
8. How does micro-insurance impact the economic growth of Nigeria? 221
8.1 Introduction 221
8.2 The conceptual and theoretical framework 224
8.3 Literature review 225
8.4 Theoretical model and empirical analysis 228
8.5 Empirical result and findings 229
8.5.1 Descriptive statistics 229
8.5.2 Stationarity test 230
8.5.3 Co-integration test 233
8.5.4 Vector error correction model (VECM) 235
8.6 Diagnostic test on VEC Model (robustness of the model) 237
8.7 Conclusion and recommendation 238
8.8 Reference 241
8.9 Appendix 246
Chapter 9 250
9. The conclusion and policy recommendations 250
9.1 Introduction 250
9.2 Summary of the study 250
9.3 Research conclusions and implications 252
9.4 Contributions of the research 254
9.5 Research limitations 256
9.6 Direction for future research 257
9.7 reference 259