Journal articles: 'Less-developed economies'

1

Murshed, S. Mansoob, and Djono Subagjo. "Prudential Regulation of Banks in Less Developed Economies." Development Policy Review 20, no. 3 (2002): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7679.00169.

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Kakhkharov, Jakhongir, and Alexandr Akimov. "Financial Development in Less-Developed Post-Communist Economies." Problems of Economic Transition 60, no. 7 (2018): 483–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2018.1551031.

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Vadilyev, Alexander A. "Firms from Financially Developed Economies Do Not Save Less." Critical Finance Review 9, no. 1-2 (2020): 305–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/104.00000085.

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Karlan, Dean S., and Jonathan Zinman. "Credit Elasticities in Less-Developed Economies: Implications for Microfinance." American Economic Review 98, no. 3 (2008): 1040–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.1040.

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Policymakers often prescribe that microfinance institutions increase interest rates to eliminate their reliance on subsidies. This strategy makes sense if the poor are rate insensitive: then microlenders increase profitability (or achieve sustainability) without reducing the poor's access to credit. We test the assumption of price inelastic demand using randomized trials conducted by a consumer lender in South Africa. The demand curves are downward sloping, and steeper for price increases relative to the lender's standard rates. We also find that loan size is far more responsive to changes in loan maturity than to changes in interest rates, which is consistent with binding liquidity constraints. (JEL G21, O16)

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Ali, Syed Zahid, Sajid Anwar, and Abbas Valadkhani. "Macroeconomic consequences of increased productivity in less developed economies." Economic Modelling 29, no. 3 (2012): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.11.005.

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Uddin, Godwin E. "Could Import-Substitution be a Sustainable Industrialization Pathway for Less-Developed Countries?" Journal of Developing Areas 57, no. 4 (2023): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2023.a908664.

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ABSTRACT: The strive for economic sustainability in world economies, most especially Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) in recent time notably see also an unwelcome comeback of the Import-Substitution (IS) trade strategy whose efficacy established overtime has been mixed. Thus, a systematic/meta-narrative review of literature on the appropriateness of the IS trade strategy in absolute terms to world economies, more particularly LDCs in contemporary time and among policy-alternatives, bearing in mind its tenets as well as its implications was carried out. The PRISMA methodology adapted here alongside an exploration of over 100 relevant literature through salient themes aid to present a synopsis of lessons from emerging market economies, and clear-cut submissions in a bid to inform policy directions. Amidst others, this review findings identify resource deficiencies, some time-lag considerations as such that attest the limited applicability of the IS trade strategy in absolute terms , and also emphasize the notion that Developing Economies or LDCs still need give allowance for certain imports, such as capital-goods imports, into their domestic economy for industrial productivity growth. Consequently from the review presented, efforts by LDCs to accommodate Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and or attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to achieve technology transfer must be continually implemented.

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Tribe, M. A., and R. L. W. Alpine. "SOURCES OF SCALE ECONOMIES: SUGAR PRODUCTION IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 49, no. 2 (2009): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1987.mp49002003.x.

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Hewings, Geoffrey J. D., and Michael C. Romanos. "Simulating Less-Developed Regional Economies Under Conditions of Limited Information." Geographical Analysis 13, no. 4 (2010): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1981.tb00745.x.

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ESWARAN, MUKESH, and ASHOK KOTWAL. "IMPLICATIONS OF CREDIT CONSTRAINTS FOR RISK BEHAVIOUR IN LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES." Oxford Economic Papers 42, no. 2 (1990): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041958.

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10

Dutt, Amitava Krishna. "Stock equilibrium in flexprice markets in macromodels for less developed economies." Journal of Development Economics 21, no. 1 (1986): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90041-6.

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11

Lundahl, Mats. "Brain drain, illegal migration and capital exports from less developed economies." Economics Letters 17, no. 3 (1985): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(85)90217-4.

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Chiu, I. Ming, Tetsuji Yamada, and Chia-Ching Chen. "Health and Income Variation – A Panel Data Study on the Developed and Less Developed Economies." International Economic Journal 25, no. 2 (2011): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2010.504217.

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13

Meyer, Jacob M. "Political constraints and currency crises in emerging markets and less developed economies." Review of World Economics 157, no. 3 (2021): 495–554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-021-00407-4.

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Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, and Scott W. Hegerty. "PURCHASING POWER PARITY IN LESS-DEVELOPED AND TRANSITION ECONOMIES: A REVIEW PAPER." Journal of Economic Surveys 23, no. 4 (2009): 617–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00574.x.

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Bhattacharya, Prabir C. "Aspects of employment and unemployment in a model of the developed and the less developed economies." Economic Modelling 18, no. 2 (2001): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-9993(00)00041-9.

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Libman, Emiliano, and Santiago Taboada. "Sticky inflationary expectations and inflation targeting in (some) emerging and less developed economies." Cuadernos de Economía 40, no. 82 (2021): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuadecon.v40n82.79547.

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We describe the experience of some economies that struggle to consolidate Inflation Targeting. We document the resilience of inflationary expectations during the first years after adoption by Israel, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey. The benchmark case of New Zealand is also described, and the experience of Argentina is presented as one of the few examples where Inflation Targeting failed and was eventually abandoned.

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Sahiti, Fadil. "Manufacturing firms and entrepreneurial dynamics in less developed economies: Kosovo in comparative perspective." International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 14, no. 1/2 (2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2022.121481.

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Sahiti, Fadil. "Manufacturing firms and entrepreneurial dynamics in less developed economies: Kosovo in comparative perspective." International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 14, no. 1/2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2022.10045191.

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da Cunha, Paulo Rupino, Piotr Soja, Marinos Themistocleous, and Miguel Mira da Silva. "Enterprise system lifecycles in transition and less developed economies within the European Union." Information Technology for Development 23, no. 2 (2017): 336–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2016.1233857.

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20

Ohuonu, E. H. "Solar radiation applications for sustainable development—options and strategies for less developed economies." Renewable Energy 3, no. 4-5 (1993): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(93)90117-y.

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21

Bennett, A. "GM technologies – opportunities and threats of applying GM technology in less developed and developed countries." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013703.

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The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) confidently predict that the demand for meat will increase by 50 percent between 2000 and 2020 and for eggs by 25percent over the same period. They predict that the growth in demand will be greatest for pigs and poultry products. This challenge will be met through increases in production and productivity.Increases in demand will be driven a combination of population increase and economic growth. The greatest increases will be in the rapidly growing economies of Asia – particularly in India and China. While local production meet much of the growing and diversifying needs of consumers it is also inevitable that international trade in animal products will grow. As the wealth of consumers increase so will their tastes diversify together with their interest in sources of food and choice. BSE and outbreaks of foot and mouth have focused consumer interests on food safety issues and have in part contributed to concerns over the production and use of genetically modified organisms.

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Belaid, Samy, Selima Ben Mrad, Jérôme Lacoeuilhe, and Maria Petrescu. "Are brand benefits perceived differently in less developed economies? A scale development and validation." Journal of Marketing Analytics 5, no. 3-4 (2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41270-017-0024-4.

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23

Nepal, Rabindra. "Roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies: The case of Nepal." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 4 (2012): 2200–2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.047.

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O’Garra, Tanya. "Bequest Values for Marine Resources: How Important for Indigenous Communities in Less-Developed Economies?" Environmental and Resource Economics 44, no. 2 (2009): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-009-9279-3.

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Habbash, Murya, and Salim Alghamdi. "Audit quality and earnings management in less developed economies: the case of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Management & Governance 21, no. 2 (2016): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10997-016-9347-3.

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26

Mohaghegh, Mohsen, and A. S. Valipour. "Triggering Economic Growth:Trade Liberalization as the Prominent Factor in Less-developed Countries." Business and Economic Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v11i2.18491.

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Numerous theoretical and empirical studies have investigated the role of financial development, human capital accumulation, and trade liberalization on economic growth. Their findings, however, have been inconclusive as to which of these factors’ implementation should policy makers prioritize. We construct a panel of more than 160 `developed’, `developing’ and `less-developed’ countries between 1965 and 2017 to address this issue. We use non-stationary dynamic panel estimations to argue that quantitative effects of these factors depend on national income levels. Even though developed countries benefit the most from investing in their human capital and developing countries gain more by improving their financial institutions, our results show that both financial development and human capital are relatively ineffective in less developed countries. Nonetheless, trade liberalization has a stronger impact on GDP growth in these economies than in developing and developed countries.

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27

Singh, Bharat. "Analysis of Composition of Workers in Indian Manufacturing Industries." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 2, no. 1 (2015): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2015.0201011.

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The Hecksher Ohlin (H-O) theoretical arguments and their further implications drawn by the Stopler-Samuelson model argue that, based on factor cost advantages, the labour surplus developing economies would have comparative advantage in producing and exporting labour intensive products, while the capital abundant developed economies would have comparative advantage in producing and exporting capital intensive products. This in turn would generate demand for less skilled workers in the developing economy and that of more skilled workers in the developed economies. However, contrary to the H-O trade theoretic predictions of rising relative demand for sector specific unskilled or less skilled employment in developing economies, empirical evidence for India suggests a different picture across different industries in Indian manufacturing sector.

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Young, Ademola Obafemi. "Growth Impacts of Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria." Research in World Economy 10, no. 3 (2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n3p226.

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The debate on whether income inequality promotes, restricts, or is independent of economic growth has been widely studied and discussed in development economics discourse. However, a careful reading of this extensive extant and burgeoning literature suggests that, other than the ambivalent nature and the fact that the bulk of these studies relied heavily on cross-section/-country/panel econometric analysis, empirical studies examining the nexus in the context of less developed economies, particularly, African countries, has received less attention, as most of the extant studies predominantly focused on developed economies. This current study, thus, attempts to examine the impact of inequality on growth in Nigeria spanning between the period 1970 and 2018. It also examined the theoretical predictions of some of the distinct transmission channels through which inequality impacts growth. Time series econometrics were applied. The results obtained consistently revealed that inequality hurts long-run growth in Nigeria. Also, the results obtained revealed that inequality in income increases relative redistribution and fertility, but lessens investment, gross enrollment ratio, and property rights protection in Nigeria, which may in turn impede growth.

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Wells, Jill. "Construction and capital formation in less developed economies: unravelling the informal sector in an African city." Construction Management and Economics 19, no. 3 (2001): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190010020363.

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30

Belal, Ataur Rahman, Stuart M. Cooper, and Robin W. Roberts. "Vulnerable and exploitable: The need for organisational accountability and transparency in emerging and less developed economies." Accounting Forum 37, no. 2 (2013): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2013.04.001.

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31

Singha, Komol, and Gautam Patikar. "Indo-ASEAN Economic Ties: A Study of North-East India." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 3 (2009): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i3.84.

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With the emergence of globalization, the need for economic integration has been realized by the international communities and lately by the Less Developed Countries (LDCs). Most of the countries both developed and less developed, have reoriented their development strategies to improve their growth performance by integrating their economies with the world economy. In this process, India has experienced some significant changes and the country is identified as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In this direction, Indiaâ€™s Look East Policy is worth mentioning. Under this policy, India seeks economic cooperation with the ASEANÂ and its neighbouring countries through North-Eastern Region (NER) of the country

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NAKANDALA, DILUPA, TIM TURPIN, and TERRENCE SLOAN. "THE DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN LOCAL FIRMS IN FOREIGN PARTNERSHIPS IN THE CONTEXT OF A LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMY." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 09, no. 05 (2012): 1250039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877012500393.

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This paper investigates the technology management practices and the learning processes for the technological development of local firms in foreign partnerships. It initially notes that the existing literature is focused on the technological benefits to local firms in developing economies from multinational corporations rather than explaining the dynamics of the technology management practices used by local firms who engage in foreign partnerships. This paper also notes a gap in the current literature regarding the technology learning process during partnerships from the perspective of the local partner firms in developing economies. The structural analysis of the data from six case studies of joint venture partner firms in Sri Lanka shows that the technology management practices of local firms need to evolve strategically, based on the partnership characteristics, throughout the life of that partnership. It identifies that the level of skills and capabilities within the local firm, the organizational dominance of the foreign partner firm, clarity of roles in the partnership, and the potential technological contribution from the foreign partner firm are all significant determining factors affecting the choice of dynamic technology management practices by local partner firms.

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Williams, Christopher, Candace Martinez, Elwin Gastelaars, Lars Galesloot, and Dante van de Kerke. "Dutch MNE Foreign Expansion into Developed and Developing Economies." Management international 16, no. 1 (2011): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006916ar.

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We investigate the differences in entry mode strategy for MNEs from a highly developed country (The Netherlands) when expanding abroad into locations in developed and developing economies. Our analysis is based on 544 foreign expansion decisions by MNEs listed on the Amsterdam Exchange Index (AEX) over the five-year period 2004-2008 inclusive. We find that when expanding into other developed countries, cultural distance plays a key role in MNE location strategy; institutional quality of the location is not relevant. When expanding into less developed economies, however, cultural distance becomes irrelevant and the effects of institutional quality become stronger.

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Kavand, Hossein, and J. Stephen Ferris. "The inflationary effects of stochastic resource revenues in resource-rich economies with less well-developed financial markets." Applied Economics 44, no. 29 (2012): 3831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.581222.

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Huang, Fung-Yea. "Regional Cooperation on Labor Issues." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 9, no. 2 (2000): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680000900203.

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Globalization in the past few decades has facilitated the growth of economies and individuals that possess mobile capital and knowledge. However, the situation of less educated workers did not improve as expected because the possibilities for employers to adopt technology, outsourcing, or moving elsewhere serve to keep their bargaining power low. Gaps are widening between less educated and educated workers and between developing and developed economies. This paper suggests that a closer cooperation among Japan, the newly industrial economies and Southeast Asia in monitoring and facilitating short-term labor migration can be a positive factor in narrowing the gaps. Enhancing the skill formation functions of the migration process and upgrading the skills of workers in labor importing economies are among the critical areas that would benefit from regional cooperation.

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Chrysanthakopoulos, Christos, and Athanasios Tagkalakis. "Tax policy cyclicality and financial development." Economics and Business Letters 13, no. 1 (2024): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.13.1.2024.48-57.

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This paper adds to the existing literature by examining the macroeconomic, political and institutional determinants of tax policy cyclicality conditional on financial development. We find that an increase in trade and financial openness leads to pro-cyclical VAT and counter-cyclical CIT rate response in high financially developed economies, while an increase in financial openness is associated with counter-cyclical VAT and PIT responses when the levels of financial development are low. A high public debt ratio leads to a counter-cyclical VAT rate response in economies with low financial development. Political power and fiscal institutions are factors that affect the tax policy cyclicality only in less financially developed economies.

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Lin, Vera Shanshan, Yang Yang, and Gang Li. "Where Can Tourism-Led Growth and Economy-Driven Tourism Growth Occur?" Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 5 (2018): 760–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518773919.

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In this study, we investigate the causal relationships between international tourism growth and regional economic expansion in China, and more importantly, disclose the factors determining the occurrence of these relationships. The empirical results reveal that 10 of 29 regions experienced tourism-led growth (TLG) during 1978 to 2013, whereas nine regions experienced economy-driven tourism growth (EDTG). Different from the past literature, this study uses Bayesian probit models to unveil the factors influencing these different growth patterns. Our results suggest that regions with less-developed economies, larger economic sizes, and covering larger geographic areas are more likely to experience TLG, and regions with less-developed economies are more likely to experience EDTG as well. Lastly, practical implications are provided.

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Feinberg, Robert. "Why Do Foreign PhD Students Return Home?" Migration Letters 18, no. 5 (2021): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i5.1490.

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Amid concerns about a “brain drain” from less-developed to developed economies, one issue that arises is the role of doctoral students from these countries enrolling in universities in developed economies and then staying (as opposed to returning and bringing their enhanced human capital home). Developed economies may also be concerned with their young scholars remaining abroad post-PhD. Examining confidential micro-data from the National Science Foundation’s Survey of Earned Doctorates from 2001-2016, this paper explores the determinants of the return decision, based on a sample of more than 100,000. There is clear support for the view that new PhDs with large amounts of graduate student debt and limited family resources are more likely to return home. Financial considerations seem especially important in the return decision facing students from developing countries not graduating from the most elite US institutions.

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Reddy, Nischala, Ben Le, and Paula Moore. "The Effect of Cross-Listing, Institutional Ownership, External Monitoring, and Capital Stringency Regulation on Bank Performance: A Comparison of Developed and Developing Economies." Journal of Finance Issues 21, no. 1 (2023): 13–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v21i1.5693.

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A bank listed on a single exchange must endure complex rules and high compliance costs. Those rules and costs are magnified when a bank decides to cross-list on multiple exchanges especially when the exchanges are in countries with varying degrees of development. We study the impact of cross-listing, institutional ownership, external monitoring, and capital stringency regulation on banks’ performance in developed and developing economies. The effect of cross-listing from a more developed to a less developed country differs from the effect of cross-listing in the opposite direction. We find that cross-listing results in higher profit and lower asset quality in banks from developed economies and lower profit and higher asset quality in banks from developing economies due to higher regulations and compliance costs. Cross-listing is associated with higher capital in banks from developed countries and higher asset growth and loan growth in banks from developing economies, especially after the 2008 crisis period. Higher institutional ownership results in higher profits, better asset quality, and higher growth in all banks and in higher tier-1 capital in banks from developed countries. Higher external monitoring results in lower profit, better asset quality, and higher tier-1 capital but lower growth of assets and loans in banks from developing economies. Higher capital stringency regulation results in lower profits and higher tier-1 capital in developing countries and higher profits and better asset quality but lower growth in banks from developed countries.

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Penzin, Dinci J., Afees Salisu, and Benedict N. Akanegbu. "A NOTE ON PUBLIC DEBT-PRIVATE INVESTMENT NEXUS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 25, no. 1 (2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v25i1.1988.

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We examine the effect of public debt on private investment in selected emerging economies. Using a panel threshold regression model, we estimate a threshold value of about 3 percent, on average, below which public debt stimulates private investment. Our additional analysis involving selected developed economies suggests that the crowding out effect is less evident relative to the emerging economies as higher public debt stocks do not seem to significantly undermine their private investments. These results have implications for debt sustainability and maintaining a reasonable public debt–GDP ratio is crucial for sustainable investment growth.

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Kimaro, Honest C., and José L. Nhampossa. "Analyzing the problem of unsustainable health information systems in less-developed economies: Case studies from Tanzania and Mozambique." Information Technology for Development 11, no. 3 (2005): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/itdj.20016.

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42

Midford, Paul. "International trade and domestic politics: improving on Rogowski's model of political alignments." International Organization 47, no. 4 (1993): 535–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300028095.

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Ronald Rogowski's work offers valuable insight into the impact of changing trade exposure on domestic politics. Exploring the political implications of the well-known factor endowments model of international trade theory, Rogowski argues that owners of relatively abundant productive factors will form a free-trading coalition against owners of relatively scarce productive factors, who will align in favor of protection. Rogowski's parsimonious three-factor version of the factor endowments theory—although offering valuable insight into the politics of less developed economies, including today's developed economies in earlier centuries—produces significant anomalies when applied to advanced economies. Intuitive logic and empirical research, especially the Leontief paradox, suggest that the highly complex division of labor found in developed countries will confound the simplicity of the three-factor model. Edward Learner's multifactor model suggests solutions to the anomalies that afflict Rogowski's simpler model when applied to recent politics in the United States and Europe.

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Liu, Zhuoqi. "Comparing Urban Population Growth: Less Developed Countries in the Last 50 Years and the 19th Century Britain." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 30, no. 1 (2023): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/30/20231667.

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In recent decades, the world has witnessed a remarkable surge in urban population, soaring from 1 billion to 2.9 billion in the latter half of the 20th century, and further reaching 3.6 billion in 2010. Over half of the global populace now resides in urban areas, marking a tripling of the urban population within the last half-century. This substantial growth in urbanization is a significant global demographic shift. The World Bank's data reveals this upward trajectory through a compelling line graph, illustrating the burgeoning urban population from 1960 to 2015. Notably, this phenomenon is not confined to a specific region or category. "Less Developed Countries" (LDCs) have undergone a parallel surge in urban population, reminiscent of the urbanization wave experienced by Britain during the 19th century. This essay aims to delve into a comparative analysis of these burgeoning urban populations, focusing on their contexts, underlying causes, and far-reaching effects. By examining these aspects, a comprehensive understanding of the global urbanization phenomenon and its implications on societies, economies, and environments will be elucidated.

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Tengeh, Robertson Khan, and Frank Sylvio Gahapa Talom. "Mobile Money as a Sustainable Alternative for SMEs in Less Developed Financial Markets." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040163.

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Despite the many advantages that mobile money offers to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) relative to traditional banking services, the majority of stakeholders of this platform have not yet maximised its use owing to several concerns not limited to trust, awareness, and even cost. To examine the factors justifying the adoption and usage of Mobile Money Services (MMS) among SMEs, the types of Mobile Money Services used by these SMEs, and the interdependences between these variables, this study adopted an exploratory approach. The researchers elected to use a mixed-method approach, which necessitated the usage of a survey questionnaire and structured in-depth interviews. Representatives of 12 SMEs were interviewed during the qualitative phase to corroborate the 285 SMEs surveyed in the quantitative part of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyse the quantitative data using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 26 (SPSS version 26). The researchers described the qualitative data according to themes, and the findings were combined after that. While no single factor was accountable, it emerged that accessibility, safety, and convenience were the main factors that entice SMEs in Douala, Cameroon to embrace mobile money services in the effort to receive money from clienteles, pay suppliers, and purchase airtime for additional transactions (most preferred mobile money services). Furthermore, it was found that there was a statistically significant association between most of the motivating factors cited and the most preferred mobile money services used by SMEs in Douala. These findings validate the role that mobile money plays in promoting the inclusive finance agenda for SMEs, mainly in the context of emerging economies where the majority of people and businesses do not have access to banking services and therefore may be of interest to policymakers and different stakeholders. Furthermore, an identification of the types of mobile money services businesspersons mostly use in Douala, a business hub, may help to develop businesses by directing the stakeholders to agenda items of interest in the context of Cameroon.

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Xu, Lu, Seong-Young Kim, Jie Xiong, Jie Yan, and Han Huang. "Playing catch-up: how less developed nations can jump-start technology innovation." Journal of Business Strategy 41, no. 2 (2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-09-2018-0160.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the historical technological catch-up processes with particular attention to the role of windows of opportunity (WoO). As Industry 4.0 becomes the benchmark of many latecomer countries, this paper may provide guidelines to both policymakers and business practitioners. For clarifying how to catch up with the incumbents and leaders, the authors summarize the lessons based on the historical observations to conclude the pathways for latecomers who aim to reduce the gaps to leaders and manage catch-up. This study enriches the literature of catch-up from a holistic view with fresh insights into how and where to catch up. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze the technological catch-up processes emerged in advanced industrial powers, newly industrialized countries (NICs) and emerging economies (EEs). By categorizing the countries into three kinds, they summarize the processes of catch-up along with the industry evolutions. Moreover, they explore how WoO may facilitate the catch-up processes from one stage to the next in above-mentioned categories. Doing so helps to further examine how technological catch-up and WoO interplay and differ among countries. Then, the authors further investigate the latecomers and incumbents and conclude the target choosing, path setting and direction selecting when implementing a catch-up strategy. Findings This study shows that technological catch-up emerged first in advanced industrial powers (AIPs), then in NICs and recently in EEs. Technological catch-up processes in AIPs and NICs take longer time than those in EEs. WoO from policy, market and technology usually collaboratively facilitate the technological catch-up processes in AIPs and NICs. However, in EEs, single WoO can lead to a successful catch-up. The authors further summarize the directions and pathways of catch-up: AIPs and NICs are normally considered by some latecomers to catch up with, while EEs are not. Originality/value This study is among the first to systematically review the historical developments of industry evolutions by focusing the technological catch-up based on the different categories of countries: AIPs, NICs and EEs. Moreover, the authors are also among the first few integrating the WoO and technological catch-up processes in different kinds of countries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, they are also one of the pioneers who highlight the directions and pathways of latecomers and target choosing to catch up with. They also explore the possibility of selecting EEs as catch-up targets.

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Althammer, Jörg, and Maximilian Sommer. "Can an Entrance Fee Solve the Migration Problem? Probably Not." Analyse & Kritik 40, no. 2 (2018): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2018-0014.

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Abstract Refugee and poverty migration is one of the key challenges developed Western societies are facing. Due to the unstable political situation in many parts of the world and the lasting high differences in development between the economies, these migratory movements will continue to increase in the future. In order to channel immigrants, the authors suggest that migrants must pay an entry premium to obtain a permanent right of residence.We criticize this proposal from both an ethical and an economic perspective. We argue that a pricing system is neither ethically legitimate nor economically sensible. In order to meet the challenges of migration, a fundamental change in economic cooperation between developed and less developed economies is more appropriate.

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Alekhina, Olga, Svetlana Plyasova, Svetlana Yazykova, and Elena Fedotova. "Overcoming Crises of 2008 and 2020 by Developed and Developing Countries: Comparative Analysis." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2023, no. 3 (2023): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-3-312-322.

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Today the socio-economic development suffers from a high level of uncertainty and a large number of global changes. The purpose of the study is to compare how modern crises affected on the economies of developed and developing countries and to assess economies’ weak points and capabilities to recover. The authors analyzed the dynamics of developed and developing countries’ real gross domestic ptoduct in 2001–2021 and identified the 2 most significant crisis periods. A comparative analysis of inflation rates shows that during the pandemic inflation growth was more gradual than in 2008; more restrained in developed countries than in developing countries. A comparative analysis of gross domestic ptoduct level indicators in 2007–2021 in the developed countries, G7 countries and developing countries substantiates that the COVID-19 pandemic crisis led to less serious consequences for the world economy than the global economic crisis of 2008 due to the population and business support programs, implementated by state institutions on an unprecedented scale. According to the analyzed indicators, developing countries’ reaction to crises is more restrained, recovery in the post-crisis period is faster. However, the primary reason for this is the implementation of the global rescue program for developing economies by developed countries. The article presents recommendations on ensuring the post-pandemic recovery of the economies of developed and developing countries.

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Todorova, Tamara. "Adverse Effects of Transaction Costs in East European Economies." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 2, no. 1 (2011): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2011.2.1.14288.

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Abstract. At a given level of technology the gross aggregate production function lies above the net aggregate production function where the difference represents the aggregate transaction costs in the economy. Transitional economies facing serious institutional impediments to creating a smoothly functioning market mechanism are faced with sizable transaction costs. We use a net production function model enhanced by Furubotn and Richter and apply it conceptually to the case of transitional economies. We find that at a particular level of a community isoprofit line much less output will be supplied compared to developed market economies with mature market institutions. The aim of the paper is to trace the falling output and the deep structural problems of East European economies to the effect of transaction costs and institutional building. The more rapidly transaction costs grow, the less the firms would be willing to pay for inputs. Furthermore, we find that certain markets tend to disappear in emerging economies due to the adverse effects of transaction costs. As a safeguard to precontractual opportunism and prevention to ex post transaction costs, ex ante transaction costs would play a more vital role in East European societies.

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Żukrowska, Katarzyna. "Instytucjonalizacja powiązań między Unią Europejską i państwami trzecimi a spójność." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (December 5, 2013): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2013.2.5.

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Institutionalization of contacts between EU member stats and third countries influences structural changes in cooperating states, such as convergence of less developed economies to the level of the more developed ones and increase of efficiency of developed economies. All in all the overall level of welfare increases. The following paper defines cohesion and institutionalization and explains how those two processes are interlinked and what is their effect on economic growth dynamics and on diminishing of growth gap. Attention is drawn to the dynamic character of contacts between EU and it’s neighbors which translates into access to the EU market. Convergence is not limited to transfer of funds, materiel, expertise and know-how. EU acts also as a manager and controller of those processes. However the scope and dynamics of changes are limited in accordance with the political will of third parties. The process of convergence is beneficiary to all sides as their economies expand.

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Islam, Syed Manzoorul. "Globalization, Democracy and English Studies." East West Journal of Humanities 3 (August 20, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.70527/ewjh.v3i.48.

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Globalization has been seen by both its promoters and detractors primarily as an expansion of global capital and money and commodity markets across national and regional borders, driving both capitalized and capital poor economies towards consumer-oriented production whose backward and forward linkages are determined _ indeed manipulated _ by developed economies of the West. In the process, traditional modes of production of weaker economies are neglected, which, in the end, lose out to high value production processes and products backed up by sophisticated technology and financial instruments. The deceptive investment portfolios from the West, described rather quizzically as "footloose capital," gain control of weaker economies and threaten to withdraw in the event of a government taking measures to protect its domestic business. The promotion of supply side and transnational economies has the ultimate goal of a market-led integration of global society. As Jurgen Habermas points out, "a state enmeshed in the transnational economic system would abandon its citizens to the legally secured negative freedoms of global competition, while essentially confining itself to providing, in business-like fashion, infrastructures that promote entrepreneurial activity and make national economic conditions attractive from the point of view of profitability" (78,79-80). Those opposed to globalization see in the power of the runaway markets -- and the involvement of the United States in World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations with governments to pursue market-friendly policies _ the inevitability of the loss of autonomy of national states, and an erosion of their decision-making abilities. Indeed globalization's war cry now is "more market, less state interventions;" its aim is to see a free market society along with a minimal state. In countries that are variously described as third world, less developed or of weak economies, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and their less well-off but equally high-handed cousin, the Asian Development Bank, work as allies of the forces of hegemonic globalization.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Less-developed economies'

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