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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Letter Size

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Academic literature on the topic 'Letter Size'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Letter Size"

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Carrasco, Marisa, and Erica B. Sekuler. "An Unreported Size Illusion." Perception 22, no. 3 (1993): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220313.

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A previously unreported size illusion in some commonly used stimuli—a large (global) letter made up of small (local) letters (eg a large H made up of small Es) is described: the size of the local letters forming the horizontal component of the global letter appears to be overestimated. Global and local letters made up of horizontal and vertical components (E, F, T, and H) were employed as stimulus material. The first experiment showed that the illusion was consistently perceived, and was present for most of the stimuli tested; ie for all global letters and for all local letters except H. A sec

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Blommaert, Frans J. J., and Han Timmers. "Letter Recognition at Low Contrast Levels: Effects of Letter Size." Perception 16, no. 4 (1987): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160421.

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Contrast variation was used to measure recognition thresholds for lowercase letters, with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the role that early stages of visual processing play in letter recognition. Frequency-of-recognition curves were measured for alphabets of different letter size. Since variation of the adaptational state of the eye changes the characteristics of primary visual processing in a quantifiable way, recognition thresholds were measured both at a high (150 cd m−2) and at a low (0.9 cd m−2) adaptation level. Thresholds decreased as letter size increased, in a way com

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Solman, Robert T. "Temporal Separation of Two Part-Letter Arrays and Size Changes in a Nonmasking Word-Superiority Effect." Perception 16, no. 5 (1987): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160655.

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In two experiments subjects were asked to report the identity of a position-cued critical letter in an array of four letters. Four types of arrays were used: (i) unpronounceable nonwords; (ii) pronounceable nonwords (‘pseudowords’); (iii) words in which the critical letter was minimally constrained by the context letters; and (iv) words in which the critical letter was maximally constrained by the context letters. All four-letter stimuli were presented in two parts. A leading array in which the information from two quadrants of a vertical by horizontal division of each letter was presented, an

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Mohamad, Haidar, Seham Hashim, and Anwar Al-Saleh. "Recognize printed Arabic letter using new geometrical features." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 3 (2019): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1518-1524.

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<p>The task of recognizing the shape of Arabic letters using modified algorithms discussed in this paper. The difficulty of recognizing these letters is summarized in the shape of the Arabic letter within a word from a large set of letters has a similar shape. Moreover, the shape of the letter is different depending on its position begin, middle, end within a word. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce new geometric features to categorize each letter. The suggested algorithm with 19 features is used in this paper. These features, like define points for each letter, divide a letter to b

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Shin, Eunsam, Monica Fabiani, and Gabriele Gratton. "Multiple Levels of Stimulus Representation in Visual Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 5 (2006): 844–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.5.844.

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Object recognition presumably involves activation of multiple levels of representation. Here we use the encoding-related lateralization (ERL) method [Gratton, G. The contralateral organization of visual memory: A theoretical concept and a research tool. Psychophysiology, 35, 638–647, 1998] to describe the sequential activation of several of these levels. The ERL uses divided-field encoding to generate contralaterally biased representations in the brain. The presence and nature of these representations can be demonstrated by examining the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by centrally pr

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Diez-Jimenez, Efren, Diego Lopez-Pascual, Miguel Fernandez-Munoz, et al. "Automatic Compact High-Speed Industrial Postal Canceling Machine." Machines 13, no. 6 (2025): 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13060455.

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In this work, we describe the mechanical design, analysis, and tests of an innovative automatic high-speed industrial postal canceling machine. The main novelties of this machine are automatic feeding of heterogeneous letters in a very compact design, high speed of letter processing (>22,000 letters per hour), and letter jamming detection. This is the first time that such an industrial and automatic machine is being constructed in a reduced desktop size and is able to handle heterogeneous types of letters at a high-speed rate. The cancel machine includes a linear feeding belt for the letter

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Perea, Manuel, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, and Manuel Carreiras. "Transposed-Letter Priming Effects for Close Versus Distant Transpositions." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 6 (2008): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.6.384.

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Transposing two internal letters of a word produces a perceptually similar item (e.g., CHOLOCATE being processed as CHOCOLATE). To determine the precise nature of the encoding of letter position within a word, we examined the effect of the number of intervening letters in transposed-letter effects with a masked priming procedure. In Experiment 1, letter transposition could involve adjacent letters (chocloate-CHOCOLATE) and nonadjacent letters with two intervening letters (choaolcte-CHOCOLATE). Results showed that the magnitude of the transposed-letter priming effect – relative to the appropria

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Jaeger, Ted, and Stephen Long. "Effects of Contour Proximity and Lightness on Delboeuf Illusions Created by Circumscribed Letters." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 1 (2007): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.1.253-260.

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32 observers judged the size of a letter, either an “A” or an “S,” which was surrounded by a circle. Both letters were overestimated, but larger surrounding circles reduced the illusion. Decreasing the lightness contrast of the surrounding circle relative to the central letter diminished the illusion. The results suggest that, like the Delboeuf illusion, these circumscribed letters illusions are produced by interactions among size-coding neurons.

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Lew, Wei Hau, and Daniel R. Coates. "Assessment of depth perception with a comprehensive disparity defined letter test: A pilot study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0271881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271881.

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Current clinical tests mostly assess stereopsis with crossed disparity at near. These tests are designed with fine targets (high spatial frequency) and may fail to capture the “functional stereopsis” in real-world scenes, which consist of a range of spatial frequencies (SFs). We developed a stereo letter test that can assess crossed and uncrossed stereoacuity at near and far, at different SFs defined by the letter size. The test consists of disparity-defined letters embedded in random-dot stereograms. At each letter size, the letters are arranged in sets of trigrams like in the Pelli-Robson ch

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Morrison, A. D. "Dead Letter Office? Making Sense of Greek Letter Collections." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 97, no. 2 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.97.2.1.

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The letter collections of Greco-Roman antiquity dwarf in total size all of ancient drama or epic combined, but they have received far less attention than (say) the plays of Euripides or the epics of Homer or Virgil. Although classicists have long realised the crucial importance of the order and arrangement of poems into ‘poetry books’ for the reading and reception both of individual poems and the collection as a whole, the importance of order and arrangement in collections of letters and the consequences for their interpretation have long been neglected. This piece explores some of the most im

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Letter Size"

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Landrum, Brian Thomas. "The Effect of Letter Size on the Accommodative Response A Thesis." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243026823.

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Letzel, Alexander [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Barcikowski. "Size evolution of laser-generated nanoparticles before and after cavitation bubble confinement / Alexander Letzel ; Betreuer: Stephan Barcikowski." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191691489/34.

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Saghy-Cadenas, Pedro. "La simulation du contrat. Etude comparée en droit civil français et vénézuélien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020011/document.

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La simulation est un mensonge. Cette notion prend des caractéristiques particulières lorsqu’il s’agit de simuler un contrat. La simulation de contrat est une des plus fascinantes institutions du micro univers des contrats. Elle consiste en une convention par laquelle les co-contractants dissimulent soit une partie soit l’intégralité de leur vrai accord. Ni le législateur français ni le législateur vénézuélien ne se sont préoccupés de définir ce qu’on doit comprendre par simulation de contrat en droit civil. Ce vide n’a été rempli ni par la doctrine, ni par la jurisprudence. Chaque auteur, et p

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Ridealgh, Kim. "Maintaining the status quo : an examination of social relations at Medinet Habu during the reign of Ramesses XI as expressed in the late Ramesside letters." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43093.

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BONANDRINI, ROLANDO. "Hello from the other side: a neuropsychological, behavioral and computational exploration of hemispheric asymmetries in reading." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/325875.

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La dominanza dell’emisfero cerebrale sinistro (ES) sul destro (ED) nell’ambito della lettura è ampiamente riconosciuto nell’ambito delle neuroscienze cognitive. Tuttavia, non è ancora chiaro se questa dominanza sia basata sulla completa cecità verbale dell’ED (dominanza assoluta dell’ES), o sulla presenza di rappresentazioni più deboli o minori in numero nell’ED rispetto all’ES (dominanza relativa dell’ES). In linea con la prima ipotesi, leggere dovrebbe essere impossibile se il “sistema delle rappresentazioni visive delle parole” nell’ES è lesionato e sia le connessioni afferenti ed efferenti

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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.

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Inge, Courtney Lynn. "Into the known." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26628.

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This report details a design process that generates new forms from mundane materials and tools. By utilizing a structure of limitations to establish artificial constraints, making becomes a sort of game where the designer must negotiate the rules and objects in order to achieve a solution. The best results come from setting up explicit limitations about the type of manipulation permitted, establishing design objectives, specifying the material or tool to be explored. Throughout the process of designing a structure of limitations affords the designer a critical distance from the assumed uses of

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MALARA, ROBERTA. "Paesaggio e rovina. Lettura critica del rapporto tra beni archeologici e paesaggio." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1113385.

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Nel corso dei secoli, il rapporto instaurato tra rovina e paesaggio nella pittura e letteratura diviene fondamentale per la lettura progettuale di giardini e paesaggi. Il Grand Tour segnò l'evoluzione dello sguardo sui siti storici e archeologici, in particolare nel Sud Italia; la crescita esponenziale di importanti spedizioni archeologiche ha trasformato il modo di rapportarsi col passato fino ad allora principalmente incentrato sulle fonti letterarie, lasciando spazio alle indagini dirette nei siti archeologici e segnando la nascita di una metodologia scientifica che porta alla creazione e a

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Jui-Long, Shen, and 沈瑞隆. "The bank awards the risk of the letter to assess to small and medium-sized enterprises with the interest rate negociation price Case study of the ability relation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16754445445241289162.

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碩士<br>雲林科技大學<br>財務金融系碩士班<br>98<br>Utilizing a sample of one hundred small and medium-sized enterprises,we find that fourteen factors might affect the quality of loan repayments.Specifically, these fourteen factors are: owners'' professional knowledge and expertise, firms'' prestige and history, income growth of the most recent three years, coordination between marketing and sales, other joint ventures, banks'' relationships, the leading position in the industry, products attributes, the future outlook, owners'' credit ratings, owners'' asset/l

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Books on the topic "Letter Size"

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Bakchich, Najib. Don't Forget Note: Letter Size. Independently Published, 2019.

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Allen, Shawn. UNVACCINATED Notebook US Letter Size. Independently Published, 2021.

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Allen, Shawn. USA 2021 Notebook US Letter Size. Independently Published, 2021.

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Allen, Shawn. Beta Racing Notebook US Letter Size. Independently Published, 2021.

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Telian, Nancy, and Penny Castagnozzi. Lively Letters Basic Size Uppercase Picture and Plain Letter Cards. Reading with TLC, 2020.

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Telian, Nancy, and Penny Castagnozzi. Lively Letters Class Size Uppercase Picture and Plain Letter Cards. Reading with TLC, 2020.

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Telian, Nancy, and Penny Castagnozzi. Lively Letters Basic Size Lowercase Picture and Plain Letter Cards. Reading with TLC, 2020.

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Telian, Nancy. Lively Letters Class Size Lowercase Picture and Plain Letter Cards. Reading with TLC, 2020.

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Notebook, Exclusive. Illuminati: Onyx, Lined, Soft Cover, Letter Size. Independently Published, 2019.

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notebook, Klaski. Notebook Lined, Soft Cover: Letter Size Notebook. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Letter Size"

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Krischer, C. C., J. Zihl, and R. Meissen. "Reading Influence of Letter Size, Display Quality, and Anticipation." In Current Oculomotor Research. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3054-8_53.

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Tanaka, Koji, Keisuke Hasegawa, Yasutoshi Makino, and Hiroyuki Shinoda. "A Pocket-Size Alphabet Display with Letter Trajectories Presented to Fingers." In Haptics: Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42321-0_44.

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Amory, Yasmine. "The Thin Line Between mise en page and mise en abyme: An Examination of the Layout of Multiple Letters on Papyrus (1st-6th Centuries CE)." In Edizioni dell’Istituto Papirologico «G. Vitelli». Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0456-9.08.

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Although letters are probably the most intensively studied type of documents in papyrology, their material and visual aspects have received little scholarly attention. Yet, in recent years there has been a noticeably growing interest in these aspects and their relation to the content of documents. Among the many examples of preserved letters, this chapter examines the formal features of one specific communication practice, namely the penning of multiple messages on a single support (papyrus, ostracon, or wooden tablet). This practice, which allowed the letter writer to save paper and time, sin

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Hester, Helen. "Sight Beyond Site." In Lettre. transcript Verlag, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839475850-004.

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Leung, Alexander K. C., William Lane M. Robson, Carsten Büning, et al. "Letterer-Siwe Disease." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_8429.

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Bürklen, Anna. "Radlogistik und Transformation von Logistiksystemen." In Radlogistik. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44449-5_6.

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ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel befasst sich mit Radlogistik und Transformation von Logistiksystemen auf der letzten Meile und unterstreicht den Bedarf an neuen Zustellkonzepten, welche durch die sich steigende Nachfrage an Onlinebestellungen und das veränderte Verbraucher:innenverhalten angetrieben werden. Der Rahmen der Multi-Level-Perspektive nach Geels (2002) bietet dabei einen umfassenden Ansatz zur Untersuchung der komplexen Dynamik der letzten Meile unter Berücksichtigung des technologischen Fortschritts, gesellschaftlicher Faktoren und institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen. Kollaborativen G

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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "More on manipulating text." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0022.

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Abstract This chapter provides more information on manipulating text, presenting two examples. Example 1 focuses on standardizing names in a phylogenetic tree description, using R to reformat taxon names, create lists, sort data and use wildcards for when some things you are interested in don't have exactly the same length. The example tree description concerns parasitoids of caterpillars at a study site that have been DNA barcoded and their possible taxonomic identities added automatically. Example 2 deals with substrings of unknown length. This example search for a numeric substring of unkno

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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "More on manipulating text." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0257.

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Abstract This chapter provides more information on manipulating text, presenting two examples. Example 1 focuses on standardizing names in a phylogenetic tree description, using R to reformat taxon names, create lists, sort data and use wildcards for when some things you are interested in don't have exactly the same length. The example tree description concerns parasitoids of caterpillars at a study site that have been DNA barcoded and their possible taxonomic identities added automatically. Example 2 deals with substrings of unknown length. This example search for a numeric substring of unkno

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Mobberley, Martin. "Patrick’s Pseudonyms, Letters and Postcards." In Return to the Far Side of Planet Moore! Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15780-1_5.

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Arad, Dotan, and Esther-Miriam Wagner. "C.1.b: Letter from the Nagid (Probably Solomon b. Joseph) to the Community of Alexandria." In Semitic Languages and Cultures. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0352.02.

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This letter, written by the scribe David ibn Shams for the Nagid, was sent as an answer to a letter received from the community of Alexandria (see l. 8). The letter is not preserved completely. Its left side and the beginning and the end of it are still missing. Some of its contents therefore remain enigmatic. The letter is preserved in two main fragments: lines 1–5 in Bodl. MS Heb. c. 72/28 and lines 6–21 in c. 72/41. We thought at first that there was not an immediate continuation between these two fragments; however, we fortunately succeeded in identifying a third fragment (Bodl. MS Heb. c.

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Conference papers on the topic "Letter Size"

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Livanov, Oliver, Alexandru Banescu, Adrian Burada, Paula Pindic, and Ciprian Anore. "THE PARTICLE SIZE OF THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN SOME CANALS OF THE FLUVIAL-MARINE DANUBE DELTA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s01.17.

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In deltaic environments like the Danube Delta, sedimentary particles can range from clay and silt to sand and gravel. The proximity to the Black Sea introduces marine processes into the deltaic system that can be translated as a mixture of fine-grained sediments derived from the fluvial delta along with marine sediments from the Black Sea. This region is of particular importance for the ecology and hydrology of the Danube Delta due to the presence of sandy deposits that cause a major change in both natural and anthropogenic habitats. The emergence of artificial canals dug in sandy deposits had

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Conradi, Jessica. "Influence of letter size on word reading performance during walking." In MobileHCI '17: 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098554.

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Peli, Eli, Elisabeth M. Fine, and Matthew P. Kirschen. "Reading With A Stand Magnifier Effect of Number of Letters on Reading Rate." In Vision Science and its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.thb.4.

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Increasing letter magnification leads to increased reading rates for most visually impaired observers (Legge et al., 1985a). However in most cases, increasing magnification reduces the number of letters simultaneously visible (often called the field of view or window size). When reading horizontally scrolled magnified text, four to five letters were needed to attain maximal reading rates (Legge et al., 1985b). We have recently replicated this finding for this passive reading condition. Whittaker and Lovie-Kitchen (1993) have reported that the number of letters needed for self-navigated reading

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Stroganova, Nina. "LETTER TO WU JIZHONG BY CAO ZHI — A PANEGYRIC OR A PAMPHLET?" In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.18.

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The focus of the article, Letter to Wu Jizhong (Yu Wu Jizhong shu, 与吴季重书), a sample of Jian’an epistolography, is a message sent by Cao Zhi (曹植, 192–232) to his friend Wu Zhi (吴质). The article contains the translation and analysis of Letter to Wu Jizhong, which has not been studied in Russian sinology yet. Letter to Wu Jizhong is to be considered only in the light of Letter in response to Cao Zhi by Wu Zhi (Da Dong’e wang shu, 答东阿王书). Letter to Wu Jizhong is analyzed as an oratorical speech in writing. The analysis is based on classical rhetorical theories, mainly on Aristotle’s theory of rhet

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Regan, D., and X. H. Hong. "Motion-Defined Letter Reading Test." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.we2.

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We have compared detection and spatial discrimination for motion-defined (MD) and contrast-defined (CD) form in normally-sighted subjects using a hardware stimulus generator of our own design and fabrication.1 The device displays approximately 1000 dots on a Tektronix 608 display with 100 frames/sec. The dot display is superimposed on a uniform patch of light so that dot contrast can be controlled. A new dot pattern can be generated every frame from a very large menu of patterns. The dot pattern contains a rectangular area whose aspect ratio, orientation, size and location can be controlled on

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Bailey, Ian L., Thomas W. Raasch, Peter Koh, Martin Hetland, and Anthony Park. "Contour Interaction with High and Low Contrast Charts." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1993.nsud.2.

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Visual acuity measurement is a critical tool in the clinical assessment of visual function and in the identification of changes affecting the visual system. Traditionally, visual acuity is measured with letter charts with black letters presented in high contrast against a white background. While authoritative bodiesl.2 have made various recommendations about test chart design and calibration of optotypes, there is not a universally accepted standard. It has become common in clinical research to use charts which follow the design principles of Bailey and Lovie3 which ensure that the task is ess

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Alexander, Kenneth R., Deborah J. Derlacki, Gerald A. Fishman, and Janet P. Szlyk. "Stimulus Duration and Visual Acuity in Retinitis Pigmentosa." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.mc2.

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Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) not infrequently exhibit reductions in foveal visual acuity in addition to night blindness and peripheral visual field restrictions. Measurement of visual acuity in RP subjects has typically been made with an extended duration of target presentation. Since there is evidence of abnormal temporal processing in some RP subjects (e.g., Tyler et al., 1984; Dagnelie and Massof, 1990), it is possible that such long-duration viewing of acuity targets underestimates the degree of acuity loss under conditions of briefer target duration. To address this issue, we h

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Dobres, Jonathan, Bryan Reimer, Lauren Parikhal, Emily Wean, and Nadine Chahine. "The Incredible Shrinking Letter: How Font Size Affects the Legibility of Text Viewed in Brief Glances." In Driving Assessment Conference. University of Iowa, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1605.

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Borodzhieva, Adriana. "MS EXCEL-BASED APPLICATION FOR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION USING THE HILL CIPHER ON THE BASIS OF 2X2-MATRIX AND 64-SYMBOL ALPHABET." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-049.

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In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher, invented by Lester Hill in 1929, was the first polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra, which practically processed more than three symbols at once. In the classical Hill cipher, each letter is represented by a number modulo 26. To encrypt a message, each block of n letters (considered as an n-component vector) is multiplied by an invertible matrix of size n×n, again modulus 26. In order to decrypt the message, each block is multiplied by the inverse matrix of the matrix used for encryption. In the paper a modified algorithm for encry

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Hiyama, Hiro, Tomoharu Ishikawa, Kakeru Shono, and Miyoshi Ayama. "Influence of Letter Design Elements in Transparent Package for Tomatoes on Consumer Kansei." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004233.

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This study attempted to clarify the influence of design elements, such as the size, spacing, position, and color of letters in a product name and transparent packages in vegetables, on consumer kansei, as a foundational study for developing a support system for package design evaluation. We focused on tomatoes, which are widely consumed in the market, as the target product and created packages in which the above design elements were quantitatively changed according to the visual characteristics. The images captured at the time were adopted as the presentation stimulus group and were evaluated

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Reports on the topic "Letter Size"

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López-Luzuriaga, Andrea, and Carlos Scartascini. Willing but Unable to Pay?: The Role of Gender in Tax Compliance. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005031.

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The existing literature shows that women are more likely to pay taxes than men. Yet, there is less consensus on the gendered responses to interventions aimed at boosting tax compliance among non-payers. In this study, we exploit a field experiment designed to increase property tax compliance to investigate this gender disparity. Our findings reaffirm that women are typically more diligent in paying their taxes than men. Interestingly, while the receipt of a deterrence letter prompts women to pay earlier, it does not necessarily augment their overall compliance. Conversely, men, upon receiving

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Simonen, Fredric A., Stephen R. Gosselin, and Steven R. Doctor. Technical Letter Report Development of Flaw Size Distribution Tables Including Effects of Flaw Depth Sizing Errors for Draft 10CFR 50.61a (Alternate PTS Rule) JCN-N6398, Task 4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1077999.

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López-Luzuriaga, Andrea, and Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: Do Women Respond Differently than Men to Tax-Related Messages? Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013026.

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Women are generally more compliant with tax obligations than men, often paying taxes more diligently and on time. A field experiment found that deterrence letters prompt women to pay earlier but do not necessarily increase overall compliance. In contrast, men show marked improvement in overall compliance upon receiving such letters. The size of the tax bill significantly influences womens compliance behavior, with a greater likelihood of paying smaller bills, indicating potential liquidity constraints.

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Li, Jia-Qi, PWH Kwong, YW Sun, WS So, and A. Sidarta. A comprehensive appraisal of meta-analyses in exercise-based stroke rehabilitation with trial sequential analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0006.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to use the trial sequential analysis (TSA) method to examine if the published meta-analyses concerning stroke rehabilitation reached the required information size and if the overall effect size is robust as well. Condition being studied: Stroke rehabilitation. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included if they 1) were meta-analyses of random control trials (RCTs) on people with stroke, 2) included meta-analyses results in gait speed (or 6MWT) or bal-ance performance. Studies were excluded if they 1) were conference abstracts, letters to the editor

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Starcke, Jan, Maria-Anna Hoffmann, and Martin Otto. Gorbitz. Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Politikwissenscahft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2021.83.

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Gorbitz ist ein Stadtteil, der von außen oft mit Klischees bedacht wird. Spricht man über kriminalitätsbezogene Herausforderungen in Dresdner Stadtteilen, wird Gorbitz oft an erster Stelle genannt. Die im Stadtteil vorhandenen Probleme stehen häufig im Fokus, während das Potential und das Engagement von Einwohnerinnen und Einwohnern, Vereinen und Einrichtungen nur selten wahrgenommen wird. Kommunale Kriminalprävention bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang auch, den Blickwinkel auf einen Stadtteil zu verändern und diejenigen in den Fokus zustellen, die eng miteinander vernetzt im Stadtteil arbeiten u

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Avery, Christy, and Anne Matsov. Olympic National Park Consensus Determination of Eligibility: Sol Duc Road (ineligible). National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2310377.

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Sol Duc Road (Olympic National Park) consensus Determination of Eligibility (cDOE) of ineligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Document includes text, sources, maps, photographs, signed by Acting Park Superintendent, and includes concurrence letter from WA State Historic Preservation Office. Document also includes evaluation of 2 additional buildings (OLYM buildings 1155 and 1156) and one site (Sol Duc RV Park), also determined ineligible for the National Register. The Consensus Determination of Eligibility process allows Federal decision makers, in consultation with SHPOs, FPO

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Lyles, B., and T. Mihevc. NTS (Nevada Test Site) Mesa recharge study FY 1989: Letter report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6871864.

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Lyles, B., and T. Mihevc. NTS (Nevada Test Site) Mesa recharge study FY 1988: Letter report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6810868.

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Li, Jiaqi, PWH Kwong, MYL Chan, and M. Kawabata. Comparison of in vivo intradiscal pressure between sitting and standing in human lumbar spine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0043.

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Review question / Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review is to compare the differences in vivo IDP between sitting and standing postures. The secondary objective of this review is to compare effect size estimates between 1) dated and more recent studies and 2) healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs. Condition being studied: Healthy adults, patients with low back pain. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included in the review if they 1) involved in vivo IDP measurement in both sitting and standing postures, 2) involved measurements with intervertebral body replacement

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Petrello, Jaclyn. Final Post-Closure Inspection Letter Report for CAUs on the Nevada National Security Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253347.

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