Relevant bibliographies by topics / Letters recognition

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Letters recognition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Letters recognition"

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Fitrianingsih, Fitrianingsih, Sarifuddin Madenda, Ernastuti Ernastuti, Suryarini Widodo, and Rodiah Rodiah. "Cursive Handwriting Segmentation using Ideal Distance Approach." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 5 (2017): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2863-2872.

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Offline cursive handwriting becomes a major challenge due to the huge amount of handwriting varieties such as slant handwriting, space between words, the size and direction of the letter, the style of writing the letter and handwriting with contour similarity on some letters. There are some steps for recursive handwriting recognition. The steps are preprocessing, morphology, segmentation, features of letter extraction and recognition. Segmentation is a crucial process in handwriting recognition since the success of segmentation step will determine the success level of recognition. This paper proposes a segmentation algorithm that segment recursive handwriting into letters. These letters will form words using a method that determine the intersection cutting point of image recursive handwriting with an ideal image distance. The ideal distance of recursive handwriting image is an ideal distance segmentation point in order to avoid the cutting of other letter’s section. The width and height of images are used to determine the accurate segmentation point. There were 999 recursive handwriting input images taken from 25 researchers used for this study. The images used are the images obtained from preprocessing step. Those are the images with slope correction. This study used Support Vector Machine (SVM) to recognize recursive handwriting. The experiments show the proposed segmentation algorithm able to segment the image precisely and have 97% success recognizing the recursive handwriting.
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Parkinson, Jim, and Beena Khurana. "Temporal Order of Strokes Primes letter Recognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60, no. 9 (2007): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210600937460.

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Does the perception of objects that are the result of human actions reflect the underlying temporal structure of the actions that gave rise to them? We tested whether the temporal order of letter strokes influences letter recognition. In three experiments, participants were asked to identify letters that temporally unfolded as an additive sequence of letter strokes, either consistent or inconsistent with common writing action. Participants were significantly faster to identify letters from consistent temporal sequences, indicating that the initial part of the sequence contained sufficient information to prime letter recognition. We suggest that letter perception reflects the temporal structure of letter production; in other words, Simon sees as Simon does.
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Lewis, Michael B., Claire Mills, Peter J. Hills, and Nicola Weston. "Navon Letters Affect Face Learning and Face Retrieval." Experimental Psychology 56, no. 4 (2009): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.258.

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Identifying the local letters of a Navon letter (a large letter made up of smaller different letters) prior to recognition causes impairment in accuracy, while identifying the global letters of a Navon letter causes an enhancement in recognition accuracy ( Macrae & Lewis, 2002 ). This effect may result from a transfer-inappropriate processing shift (TIPS) ( Schooler, 2002 ). The present experiment extends research on the underlying mechanism of this effect by exploring this Navon effect on face learning as well as face recognition. The results of the two experiments revealed that when the Navon task used at retrieval was the same as that used at encoding then the performance accuracy is enhanced, whereas when the processing operations mismatch at retrieval and at encoding, this impairs recognition accuracy. These results provide support for the TIPS explanation of the Navon effect.
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Amri, Khairul, Rizkia Mauliza, and Syarfina Syarfina. "Letter's recognition in early literacy through snakes and ladder games." Aṭfāluna: Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education 4, no. 2 (2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/atfaluna.v4i2.3474.

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This study aims to determine the process of applying the game of snakes and ladders in increasing letter recognition in children aged 4-5 years at the Pembina State Kindergarten of Langsa City and to see the activities of children in learning to recognize letters using the game of snakes and ladders. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects in this study were the 17 children of group B of the Pembina State Kindergarten in Langsa City. The method used in data collection, namely, observation and interviews. Data collection techniques using descriptive quantitative. The results of the study showed that the game of snakes and ladders can improve children's ability to recognize letters. At the time of pre-action observation, the percentage of ability to recognize letters was 43% with indicators recognizing letter symbols 15%, making meaningful scribbles 15%, writing and speaking letters (A-Z) 11.7%. In the first cycle the percentage of increase in children's letter recognition was 66.4% with a category of 15 children starting to develop 2 children developing according to expectations (BSH) with indicators recognizing letter symbols 20.5%, making meaningful scribbles 23.5%, writing and writing. pronounce the letters (AZ) 22%. Furthermore, in cycle II there was a very significant increase, namely 98% with the criteria of 13 children developing as expected (BSH) and 4 children developing very well (BSB) with indicators recognizing letter symbols 33%, making meaningful scribbles 32%, writing and speaking letters (AZ) 32%. Based on the description of the results of the research before the action, cycle I and cycle II, it can be concluded that the snake and ladder game is able to improve the ability to recognize children's letters in the Pembina State Kindergarten of Langsa City.
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Sandilyan, Malarvizhi Babu, and Jonathan Darley. "Voice recognition software: psychiatrist as transcriber." Psychiatrist 37, no. 4 (2013): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.112.038950.

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Aims and methodVoice recognition software is promoted to improve clinician efficiency and decrease overall costs. Our aim was to compare its efficiency against the traditional method of dictation and typing in an older people's community mental health team. We compared the time taken to dictate, edit and type letters, and the total number of days required to send them out after seeing the patient, using the two methods. We also correlated the time taken by one doctor to dictate and edit clinic letters with the actual days on which they were dictated.ResultsThe voice recognition system reduced the time taken to turn around clinic letters but at the cost of increased doctor's time being spent on dictating and editing the letters. We found no increase in efficiency with experience.Clinical implicationsThe benefits of faster letter production may be outweighed by the effect of the extra time spent by clinicians to the detriment of their other commitments. The narrative form of psychiatry letters may make them less suited to computer transcription than those in other specialties.
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Uner, Oyku, and Henry L. Roediger. "Do Recall and Recognition Lead to Different Retrieval Experiences?" American Journal of Psychology 135, no. 1 (2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/19398298.135.1.03.

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Abstract The relation between recall and recognition has been debated in various contexts, and researchers have asked whether these tasks lie on a single continuum depending on the type of retrieval cues or whether they represent distinctly different processes. In the current experiment, we considered the continuity hypothesis, which states that recall and recognition are different only in cue information available, and we asked whether retrieval experience during various tests can further inform the nature of this relationship. Participants studied lists of 5-letter words and were tested with either no overt cues (free recall) or with the first 2 letters, first 3 letters, first 4 letters, or all 5 letters (recognition) of a word as retrieval cues. We used the remember/know/guess paradigm and asked participants to report their retrieval experience to infer the underlying experiences of recollection and familiarity. Accuracy increased continuously as the number of letter cues increased. This continuity was reflected in experiences of recollection, but familiarity increased nonlinearly across cue conditions. Our results show some support for the continuity hypothesis; however, recall and recognition do differ in that recall relies more heavily on recollection, whereas recognition relies on both recollection and familiarity.
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Xie, Yu Chan, and Wei Jin. "Research on the Recognition Technology of Letter String on Label." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.876.

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A letters recognition method based on a small area of the feature matching is proposed, in which the unqualified letter in the string were recognized based on its geometric feature. In this method, firstly confirm label’s position by the extracted straight line characters. Then, rotate and zoom image according to the prior knowledge of label. Acquire the position of the string on the label and cut them out. And then single letters are segmented out using the projection method in the area of the string. Finally, compare geometrical characteristics of the extracted letters with its template to recognize and eliminate unqualified labels. The matching process proceeded only in the small region with letters and there is no need to search the irrelevant information. For this algorithm, so much time has been saved compared with traditional letter recognition method and projection method which is used for single character segmentation is very quick also. Theory analysis and experiment showed that the method can segment unqualified characters robustly and quickly.
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Putri, Audini Nifira, and I. Putu Gede Hendra Suputra. "Hijaiyah Letter Segmentation Using Connected Component Labeling Method." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 9, no. 2 (2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v09.i02.p12.

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Arabic letters or Hijaiyah letters recognition is a challenge in itself because one letter consists of more than one character, namely the main character, companion character such as dots and lines, and punctuation called harakat. The image segmentation process is the most important in a character recognition system because it affects the separation of objects in an image. In this research, Hijaiyah letter segmentation aims to separate the letters according to the character of each letter using the Connected Component Labeling (CCL) method. Merging labels on each character will be done by looking for the Euclidean distance value from adjacent centroids. The experiment succeeded in segmenting each Hijaiyah character with an accuracy value of 86%.
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Ma, Huang, Li, Huang, Ma, and Liu. "MCSM-Wri: A Small-Scale Motion Recognition Method Using WiFi Based on Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194162.

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environmental perception technology based onWiFi, and some state-of-the-art techniques haveemerged. The wide application of small-scale motion recognition has aroused people’s concern.Handwritten letter is a kind of small scale motion, and the recognition for small-scale motion basedon WiFi has two characteristics. Small-scale action has little impact on WiFi signals changes inthe environment. The writing trajectories of certain uppercase letters are the same as the writingtrajectories of their corresponding lowercase letters, but they are different in size. These characteristicsbring challenges to small-scale motion recognition. The system for recognizing small-scale motion inmultiple classes with high accuracy urgently needs to be studied. Therefore, we propose MCSM-Wri,a device-free handwritten letter recognition system using WiFi, which leverages channel stateinformation (CSI) values extracted from WiFi packets to recognize handwritten letters, includinguppercase letters and lowercase letters. Firstly, we conducted data preproccessing to provide moreabundant information for recognition. Secondly, we proposed a ten-layers convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN) to solve the problem of the poor recognition due to small impact of small-scaleactions on environmental changes, and it also can solve the problem of identifying actions with thesame trajectory and different sizes by virtue of its multi-scale characteristics. Finally, we collected6240 instances for 52 kinds of handwritten letters from 6 volunteers. There are 3120 instances fromthe lab and 3120 instances are from the utility room. Using 10-fold cross-validation, the accuracyof MCSM-Wri is 95.31%, 96.68%, and 97.70% for the lab, the utility room, and the lab+utility room,respectively. Compared with Wi-Wri and SignFi, we increased the accuracy from 8.96% to 18.13% forrecognizing handwritten letters.
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Blommaert, Frans J. J., and Han Timmers. "Letter Recognition at Low Contrast Levels: Effects of Letter Size." Perception 16, no. 4 (1987): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160421.

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Contrast variation was used to measure recognition thresholds for lowercase letters, with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the role that early stages of visual processing play in letter recognition. Frequency-of-recognition curves were measured for alphabets of different letter size. Since variation of the adaptational state of the eye changes the characteristics of primary visual processing in a quantifiable way, recognition thresholds were measured both at a high (150 cd m−2) and at a low (0.9 cd m−2) adaptation level. Thresholds decreased as letter size increased, in a way comparable with data on visual acuity. At the lower adaptation level, recognition thresholds became higher, which is also in accordance with visual acuity data. Furthermore, the slopes of the frequency-of-recognition curves for alphabets as a function of log contrast decreased with decreasing letter size. It is argued that this is mainly caused by an increasing dispersion of internal representations of individual letters on the internal psychological scale as letter size decreases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Letters recognition"

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Abrams, Richard Lee. "Unconscious analysis of non-adjacent letters in four- and five-letter words /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9034.

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Andersson, Sandra, and Anneli Wennerström. "Skulder – intressenters inställning till förslaget beträffande definition, recognition och derecognition i IASB:s föreställningsram." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34501.

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Ett av världens huvudsakliga normgivningsorgan inom redovisningsstandarder är International Accounting Standards Board. Just nu pågår projektet att revidera föreställningsramen där grundtankarna för den finansiella rapporteringen redogörs. Studien kommer beröra förslag beträffande definition, recognition och derecognition av skuld. Olika intressenter har fått möjligheten att kommentera dessa förslag genom Comment Letters (CL) på ett tidigare utgett Exposure Draft (ED) 2015. Studiens syfte är att redogöra för olika intressentgruppers inställning till förslaget på definition, recognition och derecognition av skulder i IABS:s föreställningsram. Vidare är syftet att undersöka den bakomliggande anledningen till varför de ställer sig positiva eller negativa till förslaget. Slutligen är syftet att undersöka om informationsbehovet skiljer sig mellan intressentgrupperna beträffande definition, recognition och derecognition i IASB:s föreställningsram. Studiens bidrag är att bidra med en större förståelse inom ämnet samt att vara till nytta för normgivare och den framtida normgivningsprocessen. Detta görs genom att identifiera hur olika intressenter ställer sig till förslagen samt varför. Då det är viktigt att intressenters intressen tas hänsyn till för att föreställningsramen ska bli allmänt accepterad, kommer studiens resultat vara ett bidrag till den fortsatta utvecklingen av föreställningsramen. Studien baseras på de CL som inkommit till International Accounting Standards Board innan den 26 oktober 2015, vilket var sista datumet att lämna CL på ED 2015. Studien har avgränsats till att endast inkludera CL från normgivare, redovisningsprofessionen, banker, företag och akademiker. I studien behandlas 125 stycken CL. Därefter har en dokumentundersökning med en induktiv ansats gjorts. Resultatet av studien visar att en majoritet av intressenterna ställer sig positiva till förslagen beträffande definition, recognition och derecognition av skuld. Banker är den enda intressentgrupp som ställer sig negativa till förslaget vilket kan grunda sig i att de är oroliga att förslaget öppnar upp en möjlighet för företag att själva göra en bedömning om vilken redovisningsmetod de ska välja. Emellertid önskar alla intressenter att mer vägledning ges i föreställningsramen. Vidare går det att dra en slutsats att intressenterna önskar en mer regelbaserad föreställningsram. Utifrån studiens resultat kan det konstateras att projektet att revidera föreställningsramen bör fortgå då det finns oklara principer som behöver tydliggöras.<br>One of the world's main standard-setters in accounting standards is the International Accounting Standards Board. The project to revise the Conceptual Framework is ongoing. The Conceptual Framework sets out the basic concepts for financial reporting. This study will concern proposals regarding the definition, recognition and derecognition of liabilities. Various stakeholders have been given the opportunity to comment on these proposals through Comment Letters (CL) on a previously released Exposure Draft (ED) 2015. The purpose of this study is to account for the different interest groups' attitude towards the proposal for the definition, recognition and derecognition of liabilities in the IASBs’ Conceptual Framework. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine the underlying reasons why they have positive or negative attitude to the proposal. Finally, the purpose is to examine whether the need for information differs between the interest groups in terms of definition, recognition and derecognition in the IASBs’ Conceptual Framework. The contribution of the study is to contribute to a greater understanding of the subject, as well as to benefit the standard-setters and the future process for standard-setting. This is done by identifying the different stakeholders attitude towards the proposals and why. Since it is important that the interests of stakeholders will be taken into account in order for the Conceptual Framework to be widely accepted, the study's results will be a contribution to the continued development of the Conceptual Framework. The study is based on the CL submitted to the International Accounting Standards Board before October 26, 2015, which was the last date to leave a CL on ED 2015. The study has been limited to, include only CL from standard-setters, accounting professionals, banks, companies and academics. The study consists 125 CL. Then a document examination with an inductive approach has been made. The result of the study shows that a majority of stakeholders are in favor of the proposals regarding the definition, recognition and derecognition of liabilities. Banks are the only interest group who disagrees with the proposal, which may be because they are worried that the proposal opens up for the opportunity for companies to make an assessment of the accounting method they themselves should choose. However, all stakeholders want more guidance in the Conceptual Framework. Furthermore, it can be concluded that stakeholders wish for a more rule-based Conceptual Framework. Based on the results of the study, it can be noted that the project to revise the Conceptual Framework should continue as there are unclear principles that need clarification. This essay is written in Swedish.
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Findlay, Kellyanne. "Letter recognition and categorical perception." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395788.

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Reynolds, James H. "Spoken letter recognition with neural networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b30872a7-7bd8-437f-bd3a-649de981d352.

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Neural networks have recently been applied to real-world speech recognition problems with a great deal of success. This thesis developes a strategy for optimising a neural network known as the Radial Basis Function classifier (RBF), on a large spoken letter recognition problem designed by British Telecom Research Laboratories. The strategy developed can be viewed as a compromise between a fully adaptive approach involving prohibitively large amounts of computation, and a heuristic approach resulting in poor generalisation. A value for the optimal number of kernel functions is suggested, and methods for determining the positions of the centres and the values of the width parameters are provided. During the evolution of the optimisation strategy it was demonstrated that spatial organisation of the centres does not adversely affect the ability of the classifier to generalise. An RBF employing the optimisation strategy achieved a lower error rate than a multilayer perceptron and two traditional static pattern classifiers on the same problem. The error rate of the RBF was very close to the theoretical minimum error rate obtainable with an optimal Bayes classifier. In addition to error rate, the performance of the classifiers was assessed in terms of the computational requirements of training and classification, illustrating the significant trade-off between computational investment in training and level of generalisation achieved. The error rate of the RBF was compared with that of a well established method of dynamic classification to examine whether non-linear time normalisation of word patterns was advantageous to generalisation. It was demonstrated that the dynamic classifier was better suited to small-scale speech recognition problems, and the RBF to speaker-independent speech recognition problems. The dynamic classifier was then combined with a neural network algorithm, greatly reducing its computational requirement without significantly increasing its error rate. This system was then extended into a novel system for visual feedback therapy in which speech is visualised as a moving trajectory on a computer screen.
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Clews, S. A. "Visual masking in letter and word recognition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353562.

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Parkinson, Jim. "The temporal order of strokes primes letter recognition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444019.

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Bennett, James. "The relationship between receptive vocabulary and letter recognition." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2001. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=38.

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White, Teresa. "The effects of mnemonics on letter recognition and letter sound acquisition of at-risk kindergarten students." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1100.

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Trifonova, I. V. "Investigations of lexical competition and repeated letter effects in visual word recognition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/114483/.

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The present work explores two different effects in orthographic processing in visual word recognition. The first part is motivated by the lexical competition hypothesis which suggests that the process of recognizing a word is mediated by competitive mechanisms between visually similar possible candidates. The lexical competition effects are explored in lexical decision studies accompanied by competitive network model simulations. The studies compare findings with the conventional masked-priming paradigm with those obtained with a modified version of this procedure, designed to decrease lexical competition effects. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and methodological contributions. The second part of the thesis relates to letter level processing in word recognition. It explored effects of repeated letters with the regression and the factorial approaches in combination with computational modelling methodology. The regression approach is applied to megastudy data in English, Dutch, and French. The factorial approach explores the effect across several different experimental paradigms: masked-primed lexical decision and same-different tasks as well as a two-forced choice perceptual identification task. The findings are presented along with discussions of their important implications for developing theories of letter and word processing and models of visual word recognition.
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Vander, Zwaag Katherine Anne. "The role of letter availability in children's performance in a Phoneme Recognition Task." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58385.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Letters recognition"

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Owen, Ruth. Sounds and letters. QED, 2011.

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Owen, Ruth. Sounds and letters. QEB Publishing, 2011.

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Beer, Brenda. English sounds and letters. The authors, 1988.

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Beer, Brenda. English sounds and letters . 2nd ed. The authors, 1991.

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Edward, Weston. The flame of recognition: His photographs accompanied by excerpts from the daybooks & letters. Aperture Foundation, 1993.

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Commission, Queensland Law Reform. Uniform succession laws: Recognition of interstate and foreign grants of probate and letters of administration. The Commission, 2001.

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Sussmann, Claudia. Die Wirkung des Buchstabenabstandes bei der Buchstaben- und Wortidentifikation. Shaker, 1993.

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Oney, Banu Ayse. Context effect on word recognition in a writing system with regular letter-sounding correspondences: Evidence from Turkish. UMI, 1994.

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Del'Homme, Melissa Ph D. Tutor Books Letter Recognition Workbook: Uppercase and Lowercase Letters (Tutor Books). Lowell House, 2000.

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Morine, Joel. Letters Work: Reading and Spelling. Imago Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Letters recognition"

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De Mori, Renato. "Computer Recognition of Spoken Letters and Digits." In Recent Advances in Speech Understanding and Dialog Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83476-9_20.

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Suen, C. Y., and Z. C. Li. "Crucial combinations for the recognition of handwritten letters." In Advances in Document Image Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63791-5_2.

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Hoque, Oishee Bintey, Mohammad Imrul Jubair, Al-Farabi Akash, and Md Saiful Islam. "BdSL36: A Dataset for Bangladeshi Sign Letters Recognition." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2020 Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69756-3_6.

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Huang, Xiaoli, and Huanglin Zeng. "English Letters Recognition Based on Bayesian Regularization Neural Network." In Advances in Soft Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01216-7_37.

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Klekovska, Mimoza, Cveta Martinovska, Igor Nedelkovski, and Dragan Kaevski. "Comparison of Models for Recognition of Old Slavic Letters." In ICT Innovations 2012. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37169-1_13.

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Talbot, Chris. "Growing Recognition of Bohm’s Causal Interpretation." In David Bohm: Causality and Chance, Letters to Three Women. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55492-1_4.

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Novak, Vilem, and Hashim Habiballa. "Recognition of Damaged Letters Based on Mathematical Fuzzy Logic Analysis." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33018-6_51.

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Merlo, Ettore. "Use of Procedural Knowledge for Spoken Letters and Digits Recognition." In Recent Advances in Speech Understanding and Dialog Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83476-9_24.

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Nishi, Shintaro, Takeaki Kadota, and Seiichi Uchida. "Famous Companies Use More Letters in Logo: A Large-Scale Analysis of Text Area in Logo." In Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86198-8_8.

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Cardin, Régis. "Speaker-Independent Automatic Recognition of Plosive Sound in Letters and Digits." In Recent Advances in Speech Understanding and Dialog Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83476-9_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Letters recognition"

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M. Alagrami, Ali, and Maged M. Eljazzar. "SMARTAJWEED Automatic Recognition of Arabic Quranic Recitation Rules." In 6th International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering And Applications (CSEA 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101812.

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Tajweed is a set of rules to read the Quran in a correct Pronunciation of the letters with all its Qualities, while Reciting the Quran. which means you have to give every letter in the Quran its due of characteristics and apply it to this particular letter in this specific situation while reading, which may differ in other times. These characteristics include melodic rules, like where to stop and for how long, when to merge two letters in pronunciation or when to stretch some, or even when to put more strength on some letters over other. Most of the papers focus mainly on the main recitation rules and the pronunciation but not (Ahkam AL Tajweed) which give different rhythm and different melody to the pronunciation with every different rule of (Tajweed). Which is also considered very important and essential in Reading the Quran as it can give different meanings to the words. In this paper we discuss in detail full system for automatic recognition of Quran Recitation Rules (Tajweed) by using support vector machine and threshold scoring system.
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Pareti, R., and N. Vincent. "Ancient Initial Letters Indexing." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.272.

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Orlov, Yurii Nikolaevich. "Language recognition methods and Voynich Manuscript analysis." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-20.

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Abstract:
The statistical properties of letters frequencies in European literature texts are investigated. The determination of logarithmic dependence of letters sequence for one-languge and two-language texts are examined. The pare of languages are suggested for Voynich Manuscript. The internal structure of Manuscript is considered. The spectral portraits of two-letters distribution are constructed.
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Cole, R., M. Fanty, Y. Muthusamy, and M. Gopalakrishnan. "Speaker-independent recognition of spoken English letters." In 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137693.

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Landré, Jérôme, Frédéric Morain-Nicolier, and Su Ruan. "Ornamental Letters Image Classification Using Local Dissimilarity Maps." In 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2009.226.

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Ensafi, Shahab, Mohammad Eshghi, and Mahsa Naseri. "Recognition of separate and adjoint Persian letters using primitives." In Applications (ISIEA 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isiea.2009.5356392.

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Li, Jin, Jishuo Yan, Guangxu Li, Liyuan Wang, and Fan Yang. "RGB-D-based Hand Gesture Recognition for Letters Expression." In the 2019 4th International Conference. ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3354031.3354044.

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Aouadi, Nabil, Afef Kacem Echi, and Abdel Belaid. "Localization of Touching Letters in Arabic Handwritten Documents." In 2016 15th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2016.0098.

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Mohammed, Aveen Jalal, and Hasan S. M. Al-Khaffaf. "Font Recognition of English Letters Using Normalized Central Moments Features." In 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csase48920.2020.9142078.

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Liu Xinghua and Su Yingying. "Notice of Retraction: Capital letters recognition based on neural network." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceice.2011.5777504.

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