Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lettner

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lettner'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lettner"

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Franz, Kathleen. "Mississippi Valley Textile Museum Mary Lettner." Public Historian 24, no. 1 (2002): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3379022.

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Helmig, Guido, and Daniel Reicke. "Erste Resultate der Renovierung der Kartäuserkirche in Kleinbasel." Jahresberichte der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt 1990 (December 1, 1992): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12685/jbab.1990.96-104.

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Die 1990 geplante Innenrenovierung der Kartäuserkirche in Kleinbasel erforderte nur geringe Eingriffe ins Erdreich; lediglich unter dem Lettner war eine geringfügige Absenkung des Fussbodens für die Verlegung einer Bodenheizung vorgesehen. Im eigentlichen Chor war eine umfassende Sanierung der verschmutzten Wände notwendig, das darunter liegende Mauerwerk wurde freigelegt und der vom Verputz entblösste Mauerstreifen fotografisch dokumentiert.
 Die Ergebnisse der archäologischen und baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen werden im vorliegenden Bericht vorgestellt.
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van Tiggelen, Bart. "EPL in an eventful environment." Europhysics News 50, no. 3 (2019): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2019303.

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Europhysics Letters was cofounded in 1986 by 17 European learned societies, and merged the two existing Letter journals Lettere al Nuovo Cimento – published by the Società Italiana di Fisica (SIF) – and the Journal de Physique Lettres, from the Société Françcaise de Physique (SFP). The original idea was to create a real European Letter journal competitive with Physical Review Letters of the American Physical Society. The major scientific force behind EPL is the European Physical Society (EPS) that celebrated its 50th anniversary only last year in Geneva. The publication of Europhysics Letters, re-baptized EPL in 2007 to emphasize its global impact, is a joint venture of the publishing houses of three physical societies: the Institute of Physics (IOP), the SIF, and the SFP.
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Al-Hajebi, Abdulghani. "Les récits de voyage épistolaires en Arabie au XVIIIe siècle." Estudios Románicos 28 (December 20, 2019): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/er/377131.

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Narratives of travel to Arabia in the eighteenth century are often stories written during the journey. These letters form after the return of the traveler the matter of a story published by the traveler himself or by a publisher. The letter that constitutes the travel narrative is usually of particular value: it gives the story a more real character. Based on an analysis of four epistolary travel relationships, this article's main objectives are to prove the presence of letters in travelogues in Arabia, to demonstrate the functions and characteristics of these letters, the originality and specificity of each epistolary narrative. Our study focuses on the letter as a narrative, and not as a mere ornament or circumstantial element related to the course of the action. Les récits de voyage en Arabie au XVIIIesiècle sont souvent des récits par lettres écrites pendant le voyage. Ces lettres forment après le retour du voyageur la matière d’un récit publié par le voyageur lui-même ou par un éditeur. La lettre qui constitue le récit de voyage possède en général une valeur particulière : elle donne au récit un caractère plus réel. Basé sur une analyse de quatre relations de voyage épistolaires, cet article a pour principaux objectifs de prouver la présence des lettres dans les récits de voyage en Arabie, de démontrer les fonctions et les caractéristiques de ces lettres, l’originalité et la spécificité de chaque récit épistolaire. Notre étude se focalise sur la lettre en tant que récit, et non comme simple ornement ou élément circonstanciel lié au déroulement de l’action.
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Jung, Jacqueline E. "Der mittelalterliche Lettner im deutschsprachigen Raum: Typologie und Funktion. Monika Schmelzer." Speculum 81, no. 3 (2006): 918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003871340001647x.

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Winn, Colette H., and Hélène Camille Martin. "Marie Stuart, Lettres de la dernière heure. Contribution à l’étude d’un « sous-genre » oublié." Renaissance and Reformation 41, no. 1 (2018): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v41i1.29521.

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Cet article se propose d’examiner les lettres de la dernière heure écrites par Marie Stuart lors de sa captivité à Fotheringay avant sa mort le 8 février 1587. Adressées à ses contemporains, ces lettres permettent à Marie Stuart de contrôler jusqu’au bout l’image qui restera d’elle-même dans la mémoire collective et, dans le même temps, elles favorisent l’examen de conscience. La lettre de la dernière heure se nourrit largement d’autres genres littéraires tels que la lettre d’adieu, les écrits sur l’art de mourir et le testament. Toutefois, ce qui fait sa spécificité, c’est le lien qu’elle entretient avec le rituel de la mort tel qu’il est conçu à l’époque.
 This article examines the letters of the last hour written by Mary Stuart during her captivity in Fotheringay before her death on February 8, 1587. Addressed to her contemporaries, these letters allow Mary Stuart to control until the end the image of her that will remain in collective memory and, at the same time, they promote self-examination. The letter of the last hour is closely related to several literary genres like the farewell letter, the arts of dying, and the testament but its specificity lies in its relation to the ritual of death as it was conceived at the time.
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Lopes, Rodolfo, and Gabriele Cornelli. "Platão: Cartas: Carta III." Revista Archai, no. 21 (2017): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1984-249x_21_9.

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Roseau, Katherine. "Separated Families and Epistolary Assistance." French Historical Studies 44, no. 2 (2021): 325–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8806454.

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Abstract This article focuses on clandestine letters between Jews in French internment camps and their loved ones. It offers an examination of these letters, which were hidden in packages or thrown from cattle cars on their way to Auschwitz. These letters are astonishingly abundant today largely thanks to three types of aid: creative self-help, mutual aid among internees, and aid from non-Jewish helpers. At the intersection of three areas of scholarship—the material letter, internment camps, and aid to Jews during the Holocaust—this article explores how internees could write with limited resources, send letters without using the official postal service, and participate in mutual aid inside the camps. The article argues that the internment-camp letter was at once the result of aid and itself an avenue of aid, parallel to the more organized humanitarian organizations. Cet article porte sur la correspondance clandestine entre les Juifs dans les camps d'internement en France et leurs proches. Il présente une analyse de ces lettres que l'on a cachées dans des colis ou que l'on a jetées des wagons à bestiaux destinés à Auschwitz. Une correspondance d'une abondance étonnante existe aujourd'hui en grande partie grâce à trois types d'aide : la débrouillardise individuelle, l'entraide parmi les internés et l'aide des non-Juifs. A la croisée de trois champs de recherche (la matérialité de la lettre, les camps d'internement et l'aide aux Juifs pendant la Shoah), cet article explore comment les internés ont pu écrire avec un matériau limité, envoyer des lettres sans la poste, et s'entraider à l'intérieur des camps. L'article suggère que la lettre du camp d'internement soit à la fois le résultat et l'agent de cette aide, œuvrant en parallèle des organisations humanitaires plus officielles.
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Boockmann, Hartmut, and Claudia Lichte. "Die Inszenierung einer Wallfahrt. Der Lettner im Havelberger Dom und das Wilsnacker Wunderblut." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 55, no. 2 (1992): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1482618.

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Grigas, Gintautas, and Anita Juškevičienė. "Letter Frequency Analysis of Lithuanian and Other Languages Using the Latin Alphabet." Coactivity: Philology, Educology 23, no. 2 (2015): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpe.2015.271.

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It is important to evaluate specificities of alphabets, particularly the letter frequencies while designing keyboards, analyzing texts, designing games based on alphabets, and doing some text mining. In order to adequately compare lettter frequences of Lithuanian language to other languages in the Internet space, Wikipedia source was selected which content is common to different languages. The method of letter frequency jumps is used. The main attention is paid to the analysis of letter frequencies at the boundary between native letters and foreign letters used in Lithuanian and other languages.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lettner"

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Schmelzer, Monika. "Der mittelalterliche Lettner im deutschprachigen Raum : Typologie und Funktion /." Petersberg : M. Imhof, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39276429p.

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Feller-Kniepmeier, Monika [Verfasser]. "Der spätgotische Lettner des Magdeburger Domes und sein Kreuzaltar / Monika Feller-Kniepmeier." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026790077/34.

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Lettner, Gerda [Verfasser]. "Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Aufklärung und Absolutismus : Die Ära Kaunitz (1749–1794) / Gerda Lettner." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016. http://www.v-r.de/.

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Le-Huu, Inka. "Danielle Sperra/Werner Hanak-Lettner (Hg.): Jüdische Museen zwischen gestern und morgen. Reflexionen aus involvierter Außenperspektive." HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2015. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34925.

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Lettner, Matthias [Verfasser], Gerhard Akademischer Betreuer] Rempe, and Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gross. "Ein Bose-Einstein-Kondensat als Quantenspeicher für Zwei-Teilchen-Verschränkung / Matthias Lettner. Gutachter: Gerhard Rempe ; Rudolf Gross. Betreuer: Gerhard Rempe." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015629148/34.

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Daybell, James. "Women's letters and letter-writing in England, 1540-1603." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419154.

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Vijay, Raghavan Jyothi. "Chinese Letters: Traduction de Les Lettres Chinoises." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10334.

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Travellers, exiles, immigrants have existed in all times and places. Immigration is a world-wide phenomenon as ancient as history itself. People have constantly left their countries of origin to settle down in another, (better?) part of the world. This movement continues in the exile and emigration to Western countries today, propelled by adverse conditions at home and the lure of better prospects abroad. It is often claimed that everybody in Canada is an immigrant and that all Canadian literature is immigrant literature, a mourning of homes left and things lost" (Atwood xxxi). Canada is seen as a safe haven by political refugees, and as a land that offers economic opportunities for a better life by most immigrants. In fact, "the history of Canada ... is the history of immigration" (Hutcheon 10). Not only have most immigrants contributed to the economic prosperity of Canada, but in recent years, to the richness and diversity of its literature as well. The last few years have seen the emergence of the visible minority writer in Canada vis-à-vis a predominantly "white" or "Anglo-Gaelic" literary scene.
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Guo, Zilong. "Commentary on the Pseudonymous Letters of Aeschines (excluding Letter 10)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29644.

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The aim of the thesis is to study the pseudonymous letters of Aeschines, all of which purport to give an account of his sojourn in exile. There is a strong consensus among scholars that all the letters are forgeries, and their date of composition tends to be located in the first few centuries CE on linguistic grounds. Embracing a variety of literary forms, these letters were probably composed by multiple hands and may for convenience be divided into three categories: Letters 2, 3, 7, 11, 12 imitate the ‘Demosthenic’ letters in a manner similar to the Hellenistic (and beyond) historical declamations and progymnasmata; Letters 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 come to us with features reminiscent of what German scholars would call Briefromane, or ‘epistolary novels’, and are normally deemed typical of the so-called Second Sophistic; and Letter 4 is a showpiece assuming the form of a Pindaric exegesis. The thesis consists of two parts. The first gives an extensive account of the letters, including their background, history of scholarship, and basic features, to seek to present the ‘forger’ and the text in their proper historical and cultural contexts. The second part, which constitutes the basis for the reflections developed in the first, provides a detailed commentary in thematic sequence. It begins with the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts (Epp. 2, 3, 7, 11, 12), and stylistic comparisons are made throughout. The analysis of the fictional letters (Epp. 1, 5, 6, 8, 9) pays particular attention to their consistency of narrative and engagement with other literary genres. The commentary on Letter 4 foregrounds the Pindaric elements and completes the thesis. Letter 10 is discussed at sporadic points: it is a later attachment to the corpus and the erotic content is inconsistent with the ‘original’ forgeries. The overall focus of the thesis is on two overlapping aspects of Aeschines’ early reception in antiquity – as ‘the other orator’ beside Demosthenes and as inspiration for later rhetorical education. Existing studies, however, are more concerned with textual criticism and linguistic analysis and have left the letters almost unproductive in these respects: so Drerup (1904), Schwegler (1914), and, most recently, García Ruiz and Hernández Muñoz (2012). In his classic work Goldstein (1968) took the parallel passages in the pseudonymous letters as evidence for authenticating Demosthenes’ letters, and scholars are now able to take advantage of a more reliable reference when studying Ps.-Aeschines. Holzberg (1994), on the other hand, established a set of generic criteria for the Briefromane and has substantially changed the way we read Ps.-Aeschines: it is now possible to appreciate the literary value of the letters without scrutinising their authenticity. Yet both these studies tell us only half the story: while Goldstein left more remarks on the imitative counterparts of Demosthenes’ letters, Holzberg focused on the way the letters reflect the epistolary narrative. Following Rohde (1876/1960), moreover, it seems common sense to characterise the pseudo-historical tale as seen through the letters as a product of the ‘Second Sophistic’, though discoveries of new papyri, e.g. the Ninus romance c. first century BCE, undermined this assumption. My study is built on these investigations in an attempt to form the most extended analysis. The study of the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts will contribute to a better understanding of Ps.-Aeschines’ intertextual engagement with Demosthenes and his successors, e.g. Ps.-Leosthenes (FGrH 105 F 6 = MP3 2496). It shows that Ps.-Aeschines owes a great deal to the culture of rhetoric and highlights his significance in the Nachleben of Attic oratory. As for the other letters, this thesis argues that they deserve some space in our accounts of the history of exilic, periegetic, and epinician literatures for contextualising a wide range of preexisting literary forms such as the Homeric Odyssey (Ep. 1) and Pindar’s victory odes (Ep. 4). As contingent by-products of the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts, however, they seem to allow no confident judgement about generic consciousness, esp. the very notion of ‘novel’, and need to be approached as antedating the Imperial exponents. Contrary to the communis opinio, therefore, I attempt to move the date of composition forward to the late Hellenistic period, in which there was already ample encouragement for a sophist, as well as for his students, to write pseudonymous letters. The ‘traitors’ blacklist’ (Ep. 12.8–9) and the term for the Rhodian family of Diagoreans (Ep. 4.4) entertain this possibility inasmuch as both show marked affinities with the Hellenistic sources. Last but not least, the two coexisting, radically opposed interpretations of one’s civic orientation in exile will help us tackle the stability and change in the political cultures of the post-Classical era. My conclusion is that these letters hold a unique position as very early – and very illuminating – examples of how different literary, political trends were interwoven to make, and to remould, a Classic. It is hoped that this study may have done something to reappraise Ps.-Aeschines, who is, in all likelihood, a pre-sophisticated forerunner at a crossroads in the history of Greek literature.
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Gubernatis, Catherine. "The epistolary form in twentieth-century fiction." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1184950116.

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Dietrich, Rayshelle. "Everyday epistles the journal-letter writing of American women, 1754-1836 /." [Fort Worth, Tex.] : Texas Christian University, 2008. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-12192008-094554/unrestricted/Dietrich.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Lettner"

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Heise, Karin. Der Lettner des Hildesheimer Domes. G. Olms, 1998.

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Schmelzer, Monika. Der mittelalterliche Lettner im deutschsprachigen Raum: Typologie und Funktion. Imhof, 2004.

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Der Lettner im Dom zu Münster: Geschichte und liturgische Funktion. Books on Demand, 2005.

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Lichte, Claudia. Die Inszenierung einer Wallfahrt: Der Lettner im Havelberger Dom und das Wilsnacker Wunderblut. Werner, 1990.

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1943-, Lettner Robert, Schmidt Burghart 1942-, Kunststation Kleinsassen, and NÖ Dokumentationszentrum für Moderne Kunst, eds. Adam Jankowski, Robert Lettner, Burghart Schmidt: Philosophie der Landschaft : zwischen Denken und Bild. Jovis, 2010.

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Lettner, Robert. Landschaft Bilder Therapie : Robert Lettner, 1982 bis 1988 : Nö Landesmuseum, Blau-Gelbe Galerie : Krems-Stein Minoritenkirche : Sommer 1988. Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung, Kulturabteilung, 1988.

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Lettner, Robert. Landschaft-Bilder-Therapie: Robert Lettner, 1982 bis 1988 : NÖ Landesmuseum, Blau-Gelbe Galerie [und] Krems-Stein Minoritenkirche, Sommer 1988 : [Ausstellungskatalog]. Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung, Abt. III/2, Kulturabteilung, 1988.

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N, Pendergrass J., ed. Letters and letter fragments. Libr. Droz, 2007.

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Chow, Cynthia. Letter writing: Business letters. Vancouver School Board, 1993.

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Sharma, Mukesh. Whom and how to write complaint letters. Storytellers, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lettner"

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Stead, Adam. "Funktion, Bedeutung und Modifizierung mittelalterlicher Lettner in Frauenstiftskirchen am Beispiel der ehemaligen Lettner von St. Marien und Pusinna in Herford und St. Ursula in Köln." In Bildwerke für Kanonissen? Böhlau Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412515805.105.

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Mesmer, Heidi Anne E., and Anna E. Kambach. "Teaching Letters and Letter-Sounds." In Alphabetics for Emerging Learners. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003130918-5.

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Stander, Hennie. "Chrysostom on Letters and Letter-Writing." In Patrologia Pacifica: Selected Papers Presented to the Asia Pacific Early Christian Studies Society, edited by Vladimir Baranov and Kazuhiko Demura. Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463229443-006.

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Kritzinger, Koos. "Jerome on Letters and Letter-Writing." In Patrologia Pacifica: Selected Papers Presented to the Asia Pacific Early Christian Studies Society, edited by Vladimir Baranov and Kazuhiko Demura. Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463229443-008.

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Mullaney, Ann, and Massimo Zaggia. "Florence 1438: The Encomium of the Florentina Libertas Sent by Poggio Bracciolini to Duke Filippo Maria Visconti." In Atti. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-968-3.04.

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This article presents the critical editions of two texts: a letter by the Duke of Milan Filippo Maria Visconti (but written on his behalf by Pier Candido Decembrio) sent to Poggio Bracciolini on 28 July 1438; and the response written by Poggio on 15 September. Poggio’s letter contains a brief treatise in praise of Florence and of the Florentina libertas. The documents illuminate a crucial episode in the history of Italian Humanism. The article opens with the discussion of these two letters in their wider historical and intellectual context: on the one hand, the characteristically Florentine «civic humanism» which constitutes the background of Poggio’s positions; on the other, the political and cultural competition between Florence and Milan during the first half of the 15th century.
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Daybell, James. "Copying, Letter-Books and the Scribal Circulation of Letters." In The Material Letter in Early Modern England. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137006066_7.

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Fabricant, Carole, and Robert Mahony. "The Drapier’s Letters (1724): Letter II. To Mr. Harding." In Swift's Irish Writings. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230106895_6.

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"Gustav Lettner." In Das subjektive Bild. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846752326_019.

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"Von der Uneinheit des Kirchenraumes: Lettner." In Kunst. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783657769933_007.

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"Lettre / Brief / Letter." In ZEICH(N)EN. SETZEN. transcript-Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839451281-035.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lettner"

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Plotnikova, Anna. "Epistolary genre: «Holy letter» in cross-cultural context." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.23.

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Published letters of Burgenland’s Croats living in Chunovo on the border of Slovakia and Hungary are under consideration from the point of view of the features of the epistolary genre of the early XXth century. The cross-cultural context dictates the use of such lexemes and turns, which were possible only in this particular Slavic region. Against this background, the so-called “heavenly letter” stands out, which is a letter-amulet written on the eve of the First World War by a soldier and sent to his loved ones. The genre features of this letter are very different from the entire corre-spondence, which allows us to consider this text in a num-ber of so-called “Holy letters”.
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M. Alagrami, Ali, and Maged M. Eljazzar. "SMARTAJWEED Automatic Recognition of Arabic Quranic Recitation Rules." In 6th International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering And Applications (CSEA 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101812.

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Tajweed is a set of rules to read the Quran in a correct Pronunciation of the letters with all its Qualities, while Reciting the Quran. which means you have to give every letter in the Quran its due of characteristics and apply it to this particular letter in this specific situation while reading, which may differ in other times. These characteristics include melodic rules, like where to stop and for how long, when to merge two letters in pronunciation or when to stretch some, or even when to put more strength on some letters over other. Most of the papers focus mainly on the main recitation rules and the pronunciation but not (Ahkam AL Tajweed) which give different rhythm and different melody to the pronunciation with every different rule of (Tajweed). Which is also considered very important and essential in Reading the Quran as it can give different meanings to the words. In this paper we discuss in detail full system for automatic recognition of Quran Recitation Rules (Tajweed) by using support vector machine and threshold scoring system.
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Ito, Hideaki, Kazuki Miyazato, Kensiro Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi Taki, Junichi Hasegawa, and Kyoko Raita. "Analyzing Elements of Letters in a Letter Management System." In 2016 4th Intl Conf on Applied Computing and Information Technology/3rd Intl Conf on Computational Science/Intelligence and Applied Informatics/1st Intl Conf on Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (ACIT-CSII-BCD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit-csii-bcd.2016.019.

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Zimmerling, Anton. "The German tolmach: Dmitry Gerasimov and his aliases in the embassy books." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.37.

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I prove that the interpreter of two embassy letters sent from Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) to Moscow in 1505, a certain Dmitry Ščerbaty is identical to the Russian author and diplomat Dmitry Gerasimov. Ščerbaty’s / Gerasimov’s letters have unique features distinguishing them from other embassy letters from the time of Ivan III. The choice of the North-Western dialect form of the 1 Pl. auxiliary есме in the translation of a Latin embassy letter is a footprint of the book author who discard-ed the both the vernacular alternative есмя /есмо as vulgar and the Church Slavonic variant есмы. Evgenij E. Golubin-skij’s conjecture that Gerasimov is mentioned elsewhere in the embassy books as ‘Dmitry Zaecov’ is not justifi ed
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Romero, Roseli Aparecida Francelin, and Tiago Miranda Leite. "A Mobile Application for motor coordination deficiency users." In XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2019.8144.

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It is not uncommon to find people with manual difficulties due to problems of motor coordination or some physical or neurological deficiency. This can hamper, among other things, the learning of writing digits and letters of the alphabet. In this article, we present a tool, developed in Python, to be used in tablets or phones with Android system. The tool can help users with some kind of hand handicap in the learning of letters or numbers writing, through their interaction with the electronic device. This system uses a CNN for recognizing the letters or digits and to give a feedback positive or negative for the user. Further, it can help users to learn about the corresponding image and sound, for each respective letter or digit. The mobile application is easy to use and has been tested in the learning of autistic children for 4 months. During training, the children demonstrated a good familiarity with the software and improved writing performance.
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Gonçalves, Diego, Gabriel Santos, Márcia Campos, Alexandre Amory, and Isabel Manssour. "Braille character detection using deep neural networks for an educational robot for visually impaired people." In Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2020.13492.

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Teaching computer programming to the visually impaired is a difficult task that has sparked a great deal of interest, in part due to its specific demands. Robotics has been one of the strategies adopted to help in this task. One system that uses robotics to teach programming for the visually impaired, called Donnie, has as its key part the need to detect Braille characters in a scaled-down environment. In this paper, we investigate the current state-of-the-art in Braille letter detection based on deep neural networks. For such, we provide a novel public dataset with 2818 labeled images of Braille characters, classified in the letters of the alphabet, and we present a comparison among some recent detection methods. As a result, the proposed Braille letters detection method could be used to assist in teaching programming for blind students using a scaled-down physical environment. The proposal of EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) pieces with pins to represent Braille letters in this environment is also a contribution.
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Kordigel Aberšek, Metka. "WRITING VERSUS TYPING IN THE BIOLOGY CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY IN SLOVENIA." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.65.

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The act of writing is a complex cognitive process, relying on perceptual sensorimotor combinations (Mangen et. all, 2015). Writing is the process of externalizing the content of our thinking, what we know, what we think, what we feel … Writing always involves the skilful handling of mechanical/technical devices, and necessarily results in a visuographic representation: some kind of readable text in a form of letters or symbols (Mangen, Velay, 2010). The neuroscientific research points out writing is a process that requires the integration of visual, proprioceptive (haptics/kinaesthetic) and tactile information in order to be accomplished (Fogassi, Gallese, 2004). The acquisition of writing skills of previous generations involved a perceptual component, learning the shape of the letter, and a graphomotor component, learning the trajectory producing the letters shape (van Gallen, 1991) – the process, that is probably going to change with the Generation Z.
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Samardžić, Biljana, and Daliborka Škipina. "THE IMPORTANCE OF SAVA’S SPELLING BOOK IN THE BEGINNERS’ COURSE OF READING AND WRITING AND IN THE TEACHING OF SERBIAN CULTURE." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.299s.

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The authors of this paper deal with the pedagogical and philological significance of Sava’s Spelling Book printed in Russia (Moscow) in 1692, in the Russian-Slavonic language. This spelling book is about 100 years younger than the First Serbian Spelling Book (The Spelling Book of Sava Inok of the monastery Dečani). This spelling book of the Russian recension reached all the way to the Serbian lands, being, on one hand, the precedent, and on the other hand, the follower to the books that are to appear in Serbia and its new literary language. The authors of this paper explain in a detailed way the method of letter teaching by which each letter (Slavonic, Greek, and Latin) is being assigned a corresponding picture. This points out to the pedagogical approach to the acquisition of new knowledge (the basics of reading and writing) which uses pictures of animals and plants in order to facilitate the process of letter learning. In his lecture, KarionIstomin, the author of the spelling book, suggested totally new teaching methods i.e. the new methods. Namely, Sava’s Spelling book is the precursor of contemporary spelling books, since all of them use the connection between letters and pictures as the basis of their teaching method.
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Bratić, Diana, and Nikolina Stanić Loknar. "AI driven OCR: Resolving handwritten fonts recognizability problems." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p82.

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Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. Advanced systems are capable to produce a high degree of recognition accuracy for most technic fonts, but when it comes to handwritten forms there is a problem occur in recognizing certain characters and limitations with conventional OCR processes persist. It is most pronounced in ascenders (k, b, l, d, h, t) and descenders (g, j, p, q, y). If the characters are linked by ligatures, the ascending and descending strokes are even less recognizable to the scanners. In order to reduce the likelihood of a recognition error, it is a necessary to create a large database of stored characters and their glyphs. Feature extraction decomposes glyphs into features like lines, closed loops, line direction, and line intersections. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm as a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in text identification, classification and recognition using various methods: image pattern based, text-based, mark-based etc. Also, the application of AI generates of a large database of different letter cuts, and modifications, and variation of the same letter character structure. For this purpose, the recognizability test of handwritten fonts was performed. Within main group, subgroups of independent letter characters and letter characters linked by ligatures are created, and reading errors were observed. In each subgroup, four different font families (bold stroke, alternating stroke, monoline stroke, and brush stroke) were tested. In subgroup of independent letter characters, errors were observed in similar rounded lines such as the characters a, and e. In the subgroup of letter characters linked by ligatures, errors were also observed in similar rounded lines such as the letter characters a and e, m and n, but also in ascenders b and l, and descenders g and q. Furthermore, seven letter cuts were made from each basic test letters, and up to are thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold, and stored in the existing EMNIST database. The scanning test was repeated, and recently obtained results showed a decrease in the deviation rate, i.e. higher accuracy. Reducing the number of deviations shows that the neural network gives acceptable answers but requires creation of a larger database within about 56,000 different characters.
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"Letter." In 2013 International Conference on New Concepts in Smart Cities: Fostering Public and Private Alliances (SmartMILE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartmile.2013.6708160.

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Reports on the topic "Lettner"

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Mackinnon, A. Letter: Meyerhofer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018819.

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Bosch, Mariano, Stephanie González, and María Teresa Silva Porto. Chasing Informality: Evidence from Increasing Enforcement in Large Firms in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003128.

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Evasion of labor market regulations in middle income countries is systemic. This is generally known as informality. In Latin America, where less than 50% of workers are registered with social security, this is a permanent phenomenon and encompasses a variety of economic realities ranging from subsistence self-employment to evasion of certain regulations including social security contributions. In this study we analyze the role of enforcement in curbing informality in large formal firms in Peru, where informality levels are around 70%. Through the Peruvian National Labor Control Superintendence (SUNAFIL) we randomly sent 697 letters to formal Peruvian firms of more than 50 workers, indicating their obligation to enroll workers in social insurance systems (health and pensions). Two types of letters were sent, one with a deterrence message and one emphasizing the benefits of formalization. One year after the letters were sent, we found a positive and statistically significant effect on the number of workers enrolled in social security (9.8% on average). Only strict deterrence messages had a significant impact, and only in very large firms. This evidence suggests that there is room for improvement in compliance with labor regulations through more proactive monitoring and behavioral tools such as reminders, but effects could be concentrated in the largest firms.
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DEFENSE INVESTIGATIVE SERVICE ALEXANDRIA VA. Industrial Security Letter. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada307265.

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Tobin, J., A. Schwartz, and M. Fluss. Pu Workshop Letter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928523.

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Judson, Lewis V., and Louis E. Barbrow. Letter Circular 1035:. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.lcirc.1035r1985.

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Tobin, J. Letter to Russia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047789.

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Wilson, D., Vladimir Ostashev, and Chris Pettit. Distribution of the two-point product of complex amplitudes in the fully saturated scattering regime. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38701.

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This Letter considers probability density functions (pdfs) involving products of the complex amplitudes observed at two points (which may, in general, involve separations in space, time, or frequency) in conditions of fully saturated scattering. First, the pdf is derived for the product of the complex amplitude at one point with the conjugate of the complex amplitude at another point. It is shown that the real and imaginary parts of this product each have a variance gamma pdf. Second, expressions are derived for several joint pdfs involving complex amplitude products and powers at two points.
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International Institute of Tropical Forestry. Annual Letter 2000-2001. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-gtr-28.

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International Institute of Tropical Forestry. Annual Letter 2001-2002. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-gtr-29.

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International Institute of Tropical Forestry. Annual Letter 2002-2003. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-gtr-31.

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