Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lettres (Descripteur de forme)'
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Ziani, Mehdi. "Descripteur de forme basé sur la théorie de Morse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4933.
Full textGUELTON, Kevin. "Estimation des caractéristiques du mouvement humain en station debout. Mise en œuvre d'observateurs flous sous forme descripteur." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007960.
Full textGuelton, Kevin. "Estimation des caractéristiques du mouvement humain en station debout : mise en oeuvre d'observateurs flous sous forme descripteur." Valenciennes, 2003. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/84742bb3-9006-4501-9334-fc6ca8d326d9.
Full textThe human body is considered as rigid body segments connected by hinge joints and controlled by the central nervous system. Its inputs are the joint torques and outputs are the segment positions. Postural strategies employed in standing lead to a double inverted pendulum model. Its parameters can be estimated by anthropometric tables. In order to adjust the model for an individual, a simulated annealing is chosen. Joint torques are classically estimated by inverse dynamics. An alternative approach, based on the use of a nonlinear unknown inputs observer, is then proposed. A class of fuzzy observers based on a descriptor form is then studied. The convergence conditions of the prediction error can be conservative. Four approaches are then proposed to relax these conditions. The results obtained with the use of an unknown input observer are compared with the ones obtained with the use of inverse dynamics. It seems that observer based results are more accurate for human standing studies
Tung, Tony. "Indexation 3D de bases de données d'objets par graphes de Reeb améliorés." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0013.
Full textThe strong development of numerical technologies has lead to efficient 3D acquisition of real objects and rendering of 3D methods. Nowadays 3D object databases appear in various areas for leisure (games, multimedia) as well as for scientific applications (medical, industrial part catalogues, cultural heritage, etc. ). Large database can be nowadays quickly populated using 3D mesh acquisition and reconstruction tools which have become easy to use, and with new ergonomic 3D design tools which have become very popular. As database size is growing, tools to retrieve information become more and more important. 3D object indexing appears to be a useful and very promising way to manage this new kind of data. As our study took place in the framework of the european project SCULPTEUR IST-2001-35372 which involved museums, we worked with museological 3D model databases. Database indexing consists on defining a method able to perform comparisons between the database elements. Similarity retrieval is one of the main application: using a research “key”, a subset of elements with the most similar keys are extracted from the database. This manuscript presents a 3D shape matching method for 3D mesh models applied to content-based search in database of 3D objects. The approach is based on the multiresolution Reeb graph (MRG) proposed by [Hilaga et al, 01]. MRG provides a rich representation of shapes able in particular to embed the object topology. In our framework, we consider 3D mesh models of various geometrical complexity, of different resolution, and when available with color texture map. The original approach, mainly based on the 3D object topology, is not accurate enough to obtain
Thibert, Annick. "« A touz ceulx qui ces presentes lettres verront » : iconographie et mise en forme d’actes de l’Hôtel-Dieu d’Orléans de 1378 à 1569." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36853.
Full textBouchière, Blandine. "Contribution de la connaissance du nom des lettres à l’apprentissage du son des lettres : Etudes chez les prélecteurs francophones." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21882/document.
Full textThis thesis introduces studies which examined the influence of letter-name knowledge to letter-sound knowledge and learning. Two studies were designed to examine the role of letter-shape knowledge in the relation between letter-name and letter-sound. These studies were conducted with French prereaders aged from 3 to 6 years old. The aim of the first study (Study 1) was to describe letter-name knowledge and to identify learning factors. Results revealed an influence of letter frequency, of first name, of alphabetical order and of letter-name structure. Letter names of èC or VC (e.g., F, L…) which correspond to non-acrophonic letter-name structure, were better known than letter-name of Cé or CV (e.g., B, D) or MR (C, G…). Study 2 examined the influence of letter-name structure to letter-name and letter-sound knowledge. Results showed the same influence of letter-name structure on letter-name knowledge as in Study 1. The influence of letter-name structure was different on letter-sound knowledge: The sounds of Cé or CV, or acrophonic letter-name structure, were better known than the sounds of èC or VC and MR letter-name structure. These results suggest that the learning of Cé sounds is not due to general familiarity. Chapter 3 introduces a study that examined the name-to-sound facilitation effect. Children differing in their letter-name knowledge were systematically taught letter-sound. Children with letter-name knowledge learned more easily letter sounds than did children with no letter-name knowledge. A letter-name structure effect was found for children with letter-name knowledge , indicating that the sound of CV and VC letter-name structure was better learned than the sound of MR letter-name structure. Letter-name knowledge and phonological awareness contributed to a specific part of variance in letter-sound learning, with a higher contribution of letter-name knowledge. The studies of chapter 4 examined the development of letter-sound sensitivity from letter-name knowledge using syllable identification (Study 4), letter identification (Study 5) and phoneme identification tasks (Study 6). Syllables, letters and phonemes were identified beyond chance level by children. A letter-name structure effect appeared: CV and VC letters were better identified than MR letters. Chapter 5 (Study 7) explored the links between letter-name knowledge and letter-shape knowledge using letter categorization tasks, letter-shape discrimination tasks and letter immediate recognition tasks. Children with letter-name knowledge had the best letter-shape knowledge. They categorized, discriminated and recognized shapes more exactly and more rapidly than did children with no letter-name knowledge. Finally, the last chapter introduced an experimental study (Study 8) designed to examine the influence of prior letter-shape knowledge on both letter-name and letter-sound learning. This study revealed no influence of prior letter-shape knowledge on either letter-name learning or letter-sound learning. As a whole, these studies provide new information concerning the name-to-sound facilitation effect and the influence of letter-shape knowledge in this relation
Sellier, Nathalie. "Méthode d'indexation qualitative : application à un plan de veille relatif aux thérapies émergentes contre la maladie d'Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534003.
Full textFiori-Khayat, Coralie. "Essai sur le formalisme cambiaire : la forme, condition de l'engagement dans la lettre de change." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS012S.
Full textThe Bill of Exchange has been through radically different evolutions: in France, it remained a probatory and executory instrument, while in future Germany, it turned out to be a negotium that could create new legal relationships by itself, with substantial formal rules, and this conception was finally promoted in Geneva. Ad validitatem exchange formalism is a legal technique to unify substantial international law and warrants not only peculiar interests but also national and international economy protection. Form is indeed the source of exchange law autonomy. The exclusivism of form supposes that form be both necessary and sufficient for lawfully subscribing a bill of exchange and for determinig subscriptions’ scopes ; it is vigourously enacted in exchange law. Form fulfills a double function – qualification of the legal nature of the subscription and securing the whole bill. They can easily be adapted to new technologies. Yet form admits limitationsto its being necessary or sufficient. They show that protecting general interest – which refers to national and international economy as well as to Public Order, embodied in Criminal Law – turns out to be both the scope and the limit to the principle itself
Bégard, Julien. "Reconnaissance de formes dans des séquences vidéo : application à la vidéo-surveillance." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066538.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of detecting people in pictures. The objective is to achieve an efficient system for detecting pedestrians in an automotive context in urban areas. We discussed this issue on two main fronts. The first was to design a discriminant representation of the form of the objects. Due to the wide variety of appearances of pedestrians, it must be rich enough to capture the characteristics necessary to recognize them. We built this description from the information of the gradient calculated in the image and its magnitude: Histograms of Orientation Gradient fortified with the Magnitude. Calculated densely in regions of the image, these descriptors forms vectors that define finely the shape of objects. We compare these descriptors with decision rules formed from machine learning methods. Our system is based on AdaBoost algorithm that we have made changes to get an algorithm using more effectively the information provided. These changes gave two algorithms with comparable performance. We have designed a method to combine these algorithms and get better results. We structured our system in a cascade of sub-detectors that are increasingly complex. The purpose of this structure is to eliminate as soon as possible wrong candidates. Thus, only the right candidates reaching the top of the cascade, consisting of the most complex and time-costly rules decisions. We evaluated and validated this methodology on color and infrared data
Yang, Mingqiang. "Extraction d'attributs et mesures de similarité basées sur la forme." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335083.
Full textSeddiki, Lynda. "Développement et commande T-S d'une machine de rééducation des membres inférieurs en chaîne musculaire fermée." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346008.
Full textMahmoudi, Saïd. "Indexation de formes planes : application à la reconnaissance multi-vues de modèles 3D." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-291.pdf.
Full textSeddiki, Lynda. "Développement et commande T-S d’une machine de rééducation des membres inférieurs en chaîne musculaire fermée." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000857.pdf.
Full textThis study was supported by the “Région Chamapgne Ardenne” within the framework of the CPER “Sys-Rééduc” project which aims to design and control a new lower limb rehabilitation device. In the first chapter, a brief state of the art of rehabilitation techniques is done and the interest of developing a closed muscular chain (CMC) device is pointed out. Indeed, CMC rehabilitation techniques have interesting skills for the recovery of motor functions and muscle strengthening of the lower limbs as well as ensuring the dynamic joint equilibrium. Then, in the second chapter, the kinematical concept of the new rehabilitation device in CMC and its control structure is proposed. The third chapter deals with the continues level of the control structure. Its aim is to ensure the stability and the trajectory tracking of the mechanical system whatever the patient's effect to the machine is. Thus, a Takagi-Sugeno model based tracking control law design is proposed for a class of nonlinear descriptors. The stability conditions are written into LMIs based on the second Lyapunov method. The fourth chapter deals with the proposed trajectory generator allowing the voluntary control of the system by the patient. The proposed control structure is then validated in simulation on the new Sys-Rééduc concept and, since it is not available for a real time implementation yet, an experimental validation is proposed on an open muscular chain rehabilitation device available at the CReSTIC
Vaugeois-Sellier, Nathalie. "Méthode d'indexation qualitative : application à un plan de veille relatif aux thérapies émergentes contre la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1036/document.
Full textIn the context of research and development for a new therapeutic treatment, the researcher seeks to monitor relevant research topics in order to update field-specific knowledge. Direct computer access to relevant information is required. The complexity of biological systems increases the great difficulty of translating some hypothetical reflections in a linguistic manner or by semiotics. In this study, we propose a detached process of the system of language. To do this, we will present a methodology based on a qualitative indexing using personalized filtering. The index is no longer of a linguistic nature but a sort of “connection of knowledge”. This method of qualitative indexing applied to information retrieval is in contrast with documentation indexing systems and the use of thesauruses such as MeSH when it pertains to formulating a complex request. The choice of the experimentation subject using Medline database via PubMed proves the complexity of research problem formulation. The main theme is a possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This experiment makes it possible to highlight the documents contained in Medline which provide few or no answers by indexing keywords. The results obtained suggest that an indexing knowledge significantly improves search results for information via Medline in comparison to “Google” searches habitually carried out by the researcher. Comparable to scientific awareness, this methodology opens new collaboration possibilities between information professionals and research
Mishra, Maneesh Kumar. "Development of orthopedic insoles and shoes 3D design process for atypical foot morphologies." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I091.
Full textThe needs in the sector of orthopedic insoles are becoming more important. The medical purpose of these plantar prostheses is often to correct the posture or biomechanical imbalance that tends to cause pain in various areas of the body depending on the pathology of the patient. The need for personalization of orthopedic shoes is also increasing. This is due to the progression of people who are increasingly obese or have problems with diabetes or other diseases. But, the cost of its products can vary from one to two or more depending on the quality of the product that requires adaptation by a manual process to the morpology of the foot. Whatever the therapeutic product envisaged, the economic model is no longer adapted to the needs of patients and the budgetary imperatives of social security. A new creative process is needed and must incorporate digital tools to reduce these manufacturing costs, while improving the quality of products. Our study was to take stock of the means of measurement used and analyze the profession of podiatrist by highlighting the medical and economic aspects to detect the technological barrier. The implementation of the new design process for these therapeutic foot products required the acquisition of morphological, anthropometric and biomechanical knowledge of the foot. In order to characterize the foot dimenally and morphologically, a process of detection of anthropometric points and creation of morphological curves has been implemented. At this stage of the study, we were able to analyze a population of male and female individuals to extract the most representative morphologies of a target population. It was from unsupervised classification methods that we classified the population and detected centroids. The techniques that were then used to detect the anthropometric points of the foot were incorporated into the process of creating customized insoles. By combining this technique that extracts the outline encompassing the footprint, a method that uses this outline to create the 2D shape of the insole and the 3D shape of the standard shoe-last, we have created the 3D shape of the insole adjusted to foot and the standard shoe-last. This process showed the need to create the custom shoe-last of the person. After a detailed technical analysis of the shoe-last, we set up a customized shoe-last 3D creation process. This process directly takes into account the shape of the patient's foot on which we detect the anthropometric points and create the morphological contours of it. These contours serve to support a 3D space of ease on which is hung a network of curves defining the wire model of the surface of the shoe-last. This spatial ease is parametrizable in order to define a specific comfort to the patient or control his therapeutic needs. These two customization processes can be connected to each other to improve the wearing comfort of shoes for a patient or for the entire population by applying it to each centroid of the classification
Jandeaux, Jeanne-Marie. "L'État et la police des familles au XVIIIe siècle et sous la Révolution : la détention par forme de correction familiale en Franche-Comté (1715-1796)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0141.
Full textIn Old Regime France, the right of parental correction, attribute of the paternal authority, enables heads of the family to demand that one of his/her parents be incarcerated. For the sake of the maintenance of law and order in the kingdom and the family, the detention by way of parental correction develops in the french society during the 18th century, while passing gradually under the control of the State. The justice retenue of the King, embodied by the lettre de cachet, is put at the disposal of the father whose authority is disputed by inclinations of independence which emerge in the household. Other powers intervene to punish the individuals with deviant behaviour : the municipal authority assists the families in Besancon where the mayor lieutenant-general of police exerts a true family jurisdiction ; the Parliament and the courts assume the control of the detention by way of parental correction, prone to many abuses. Imprisoned in Franche-Comte and in all the kingdom, the correctionnaires pay the full price of the family breakdown. In 1789, the Revolution which preaches individual freedom, is not less concerned with the fate of the parents in distress : the tribunaux de famille are created after the abolition of the lettres de cachet and the right of correction and imprisonment of the children by their father remains. Like Monarchy, the Revolutionary State is invested in the regulation of the family problems and remains attached to the safeguarding of the paternal authority
K, C. Santosh. "Graphics Recognition using Spatial Relations and Shape Analysis." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL096N/document.
Full textIn the current state-of-the-art, symbol recognition usually means recognising isolated symbols. However, isolated symbol recognition methods are not always suitable for solving real-world problems. In case of composite documents that contain textual and graphical elements, one needs to be able to extract and formalise the links that exist between the images and the surrounding text, in order to exploit the information embedded in those documents.Related to this context, we first introduce a method for graphics recognition based on dynamic programming matching of the Radon features. This method allows to exploit the Radon Transform property to include both boundary and internal structure of shapes without compressing the pattern representation into a single vector that may miss information. The method outperforms all major set of state-of-the-art of shape descriptors but remains mainly suited for isolated symbol recognition only. We therefore integrate it in a completely new approach for symbol recognition based on the spatio-structural description of a ‘vocabulary’ of extracted visual primitives. The method is based on spatial relations between pairs of labelled vocabulary types (some of which can be characterised with the previously mentioned descriptor), which are further used as a basis for building an attributed relational graph (ARG) to describe symbols. Thanks to our labelling of attribute types, we avoid the general NP-hard graph matching problem. We provide a comprehensive comparison with other spatial relation models as well as state-of-the-art approaches for graphics recognition and prove that our approach effectively combines structural and statistical descriptors together and outperforms them significantly.In the final part of this thesis, we present a Bag-Of-Features (BOFs) approach using spatial relations where every possible pair of individual visual primitives is indexed by its topological configuration and the visual type of its components. This provides a way to retrieve isolated symbols as well as significant known parts of symbols by applying either an isolated symbol as a query or a collection of relations between the important visual primitives. Eventually, it opens perspectives towards natural language based symbol recognition process
Chaouch, Mohamed. "Recherche par le contenu d'objets 3D." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005168.
Full textAllouche, Benyamine. "Modélisation et commande des robots : nouvelles approches basées sur les modèles Takagi-Sugeno." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0021/document.
Full textEvery year more than 5 million people worldwide become hemiplegic as a direct consequence of stroke. This neurological deficiency, often leads to a partial or a total loss of standing up abilities and /or ambulation skills. In order to propose new supporting solutions lying between the wheelchair and the walker, this thesis comes within the ANR TECSAN project named VHIPOD “self-balanced transporter for disabled persons with sit-to-stand function”. In this context, this research provides some answers for two key issues of the project : the sit-to-stand assistance (STS) of hemiplegic people and their mobility through a two wheeled self-balanced solution. These issues are addressed from a robotic point of view while focusing on a key question : are we able to extend the use of Takagi-Sugeno approach (TS) to the control of complex systems ? Firstly, the issue of mobility of disabled persons was treated on the basis of a self-balanced solution. Control laws based on the standard and descriptor TS approaches have been proposed for the stabilization of gyropod in particular situations such as moving along a slope or crossing small steps. The results have led to the design a two-wheeled transporter which is potentially able to deal with the steps. On the other hand, these results have also highlighted the main challenge related to the use of TS approach such as the conservatisms of the LMIs constraints (Linear Matrix Inequalities). In a second time, a test bench for the STS assistance based on parallel kinematic manipulator (PKM) was designed. This kind of manipulator characterized by several closed kinematic chains often presents a complex dynamical model (given as a set of ordinary differential equations, ODEs). The application of control laws based on the TS approach is often doomed to failure given the large number of non-linear terms in the model. To overcome this problem, a new modeling approach was proposed. From a particular set of coordinates, the principle of virtual power was used to generate a dynamical model based on the differential algebraic equations (DAEs). This approach leads to a quasi-LPV model where the only varying parameters are the Lagrange multipliers derived from the constraint equations of the DAE model. The results were validated on simulation through a 2-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel robot (Biglide) and a 3-DOF manipulator (Triglide) designed for the STS assistance
Sambra-Petre, Raluca-Diana. "2D/3D knowledge inference for intelligent access to enriched visual content." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917972.
Full textHeyraud, Sandrine. "Joséphina : quand le mime prend la parole." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1876/1/M10761.pdf.
Full textBenjira, Mohammed Amine. "Classification automatique des diatomées." Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9407/1/eprint9407.pdf.
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