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Journal articles on the topic 'Leucogranite – France – Massif central (France)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Lerouge, Catherine, and Vincent Bouchot. "Conditions of formation and origin of fluids of quartz-tourmaline veins in the La Châtaigneraie tungstiferous district (Massif Central, France): fluid inclusions and stable isotopes." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.3.263.

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Abstract A combined stable-isotope and microthermometric study was applied to wolframite-bearing and arsenopy-rite-bearing quartz-tourmaline veins, quartz-tourmaline veins associated with leucogranite, schist and the two types of granite – massive monzogranite and leucogranite stocks – of the tungsten Châtaigneraie district, in order to estimate pressure-temperature formation conditions of quartz-tourmaline veins and determine the origin of mineralizing fluids. Pressure-temperature conditions of barren-quartz-tourmaline-veins are estimated at 1.4 ± 0.4 kbars (around 5 km depth under lithostatic regime) and 487 ± 34°C. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of mineralizing fluids indicate a dominant component of leucogranite-derived fluids in wolframite-bearing veins whereas arsenopyrite-bearing veins are strongly equilibrated with host schist.

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2

Gebelin, Aude, Guillaume Martelet, Maurice Brunel, Michel Faure, and Philippe Rossi. "Late Hercynian leucogranites modelling as deduced from new gravity data : the example of the Millevaches massif (Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.3.239.

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Abstract The Millevaches granitic complex, located in the northern part of the French Massif Central, is elongated in a N-S direction, perpendicular to the main E-W trend of the Hercynian belt. It is affected on its limits and in its core by several ductile shear zones that have necessarily played a great role in the emplacement and exhumation of the massif. Based on gravity modelling and recent field observations, this study intends to highlight the massif structure at depth and discuss its mode of emplacement and relations with the surrounding terrains. The new gravity and density measurements on the north-east part of the Millevaches massif improve the gravity coverage of the northern Limousin. Using these new data we model the deep structure of the Millevaches plateau. The density measurements made on the different types of granites of the massif, and on the surrounding terrains improve the interpretation of the Bouguer anomaly. Analysis and inversion of the residual Bouguer anomaly in the area show that the Millevaches massif is 2 to 4 km-thick, from north to south and from west to east, locally rooting down to about 6 km deep in its eastern and southern terminations. These two zones coincide with porphyritic plutons and, because of the complex composite structure of the massif, cannot be definitively interpreted as feeding zones. In the field, the N-S-oriented Pradines vertical fault affects the core of the massif on 4 to 5 km width. Microstructural observations evidence that the faulting is contemporaneous of the granites emplacement. We suggest that this tectonic lineament could have triggered the migration of the magma, although it is not related to a clear gravity anomaly. AMS measurements in the north-central part of the Millevaches massif suggest that the magnetic foliation and lineation display a general sub-horizontal pattern. Moreover, on the western border of the Millevaches massif, the Argentat deep seismic profile shows sub-horizontal layering of gneisses and micaschists and evidences normal faulting offset of this layering along Argentat fault. This agrees fairly well with the gravity results, suggesting that (i) the Millevaches massif would be at a high structural level in the crust, (ii) the exhumation of the massif would have been favoured along the Argentat normal fault. As a whole, the massif can be described as a laccolith, 2 to 4 km-thick, emplaced as a “magmatic lens” into the sub-horizontally foliated gneisses and micaschists.

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3

Faure, Michel, and José Pons. "Crustal thinning recorded by the shape of the Namurian-Westphalian leucogranite in the Variscan belt of the northwest Massif Central, France." Geology 19, no. 7 (1991): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0730:ctrbts>2.3.co;2.

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4

Williamson, B. J., A. Shaw, H. Downes, and M. F. Thirlwall. "Geochemical constraints on the genesis of Hercynian two-mica leucogranites from the Massif Central, France." Chemical Geology 127, no. 1-3 (January 1996): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(95)00105-0.

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5

Harlaux, Matthieu, Christian Marignac, Julien Mercadier, Marc Poujol, Marie-Christine Boiron, Kalin Kouzmanov, Alfredo Camacho, et al. "Multistage development of a hydrothermal W deposit during the Variscan late-orogenic evolution: the Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe (Massif Central, France)." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021023.

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The Puy-les-Vignes W deposit, located in the northwestern French Massif Central (FMC), is a rare occurrence of a wolframite-mineralized hydrothermal breccia pipe hosted in high-grade metamorphic gneisses. We present an integrated study of this deposit aiming to characterize the ore-forming hydrothermal system in link with the Variscan late-orogenic evolution of the FMC. Based on a set of representative samples from the host rocks and mineralization, we describe a detailed paragenetic sequence and we provide the major and trace element geochemistry of the granitic rocks and W–Nb–Ta–Sn–Ti oxide minerals, in situ U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and a fluid inclusion study of quartz and wolframite. We demonstrate that the formation of this W-mineralized breccia pipe results from a multistage development related to four major episodes during the late Carboniferous. The first episode corresponds to the emplacement of an unexposed peraluminous granite at ca. 324 Ma, which generated microgranite dykes exposed at the present-day surface. The second episode is the formation of the quartz-supported breccia pipe and wolframite mineralization at ca. 318 Ma at a paleodepth of 7 km. The mineralizing fluids have a H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4–N2 composition, a moderate-salinity (< 9 wt.% NaCl eq) and were trapped at high-temperatures (> 400 °C) during lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure variations caused by hydrofracturing of the host rocks. Wolframite deposition is interpreted to result from a W-rich intermediate-density magmatic fluid that exsolved from an evolved leucogranite and interacted with volatile-rich metasedimentary country rocks and/or possibly mixed with low-salinity metamorphic fluids of deep origin. The third episode corresponds to magmatic-hydrothermal Nb–Ta mineralization overprinting the W-mineralized system interpreted to be related to the intrusion at ca. 311 Ma of a rare-metal granite, which is part of a regional peraluminous rare-metal magmatism during the 315–310 Ma period. Finally, the last episode corresponds to disseminated Bi ± Au–Ag mineralization emplaced at ca. 300 Ma, which shares similar mineralogical features with late Carboniferous orogenic gold deposits in the FMC. The Puy-les-Vignes W deposit records, therefore, a multistage and long-lived development that extends over a timespan of 25 million years in a regional setting dominated by protracted peraluminous magmatism and high-temperature and low-pressure metamorphism. Although the local environment of ore deposition is atypical, our results show that the mineral assemblages, alteration styles, and fluid characteristics of the Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe are similar to those of other peri-granitic W deposits in the FMC.

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6

Denele, Yoann, Pierre Barbey, Etienne Deloule, Ewan Pelleter, Philippe Olivier, and Gérard Gleizes. "Middle Ordovician U-Pb age of the Aston and Hospitalet orthogneissic laccoliths: their role in the Variscan evolution of the Pyrenees." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.3.209.

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Abstract Two identical zircon U-Pb ages have been obtained from the Riète orthogneisses at 470 ± 6 and 472 ± 2 Ma in the Aston and Hospitalet domes (Ariège, Pyrenees), respectively. New mapping data show that the protolith of these orthogneisses corresponds to Ordovician granitic laccoliths. Combined study of thin-sections and magnetic susceptibility on these rocks show that the laccoliths correspond to a suite consisting of granodiorites to leucogranites. U-Pb ages of the Aston and Hospitalet orthogneisses, very similar to the ages recently obtained from the Canigou (473 ± 4 Ma) and the Montagne Noire (southern French Massif Central) 469 ± 4 Ma orthogneisses, point to a major Early to Middle Ordovician event of granitic laccolith emplacement in the southwestern part of France, and more generally in western Europe. We underline that these laccoliths influenced the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the Variscan crust of the Pyrenees. Indeed, they have induced a rheological heterogeneity in the Variscan middle crust, which is at the origin of a structural contrast between the middle and upper crust. Moreover, these laccoliths played the role of screens, which have controlled transfer of magmas from the lower to the upper crust.

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7

Dobereiner, Lorenz, Jean-Louis Durville, and Jacques Restitutito. "Weathering of the massiac gneiss (massif central, France)." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 47, no. 1 (April 1993): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02639596.

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8

Ballouard, C., P. Boulvais, M. Poujol, D. Gapais, P. Yamato, R. Tartèse, and M. Cuney. "Tectonic record, magmatic history and hydrothermal alteration in the Hercynian Guérande leucogranite, Armorican Massif, France." Lithos 220-223 (April 2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.027.

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9

Giusti, Christian. "Asymétrie topographique et morphogénétique dans le sud du Massif central (France) (Topographie and morphogenetic asymmetrv of the Southern Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 85, no. 2 (2008): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2008.2620.

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10

Hugonnot, Vincent. "Bryophytes of the Peatlands of Aubrac (Massif Central - France)." Cryptogamie, Bryologie 32, no. 1 (January 2011): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/cryb.v32.iss1.2011.043.

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11

Zeyen, Hermann, Olaf Novak, Michael Landes, Claus Prodehl, Lynda Driad, and Alfred Hirn. "Refraction-seismic investigations of the northern Massif Central (France)." Tectonophysics 275, no. 1-3 (July 1997): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00017-6.

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12

Downes, Hilary. "Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism in the Massif Central, France." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 30, no. 1 (1987): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.030.01.25.

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13

Feijtel, T. C., A. G. Jongmans, N. Van Breemen, and R. Miedema. "Genesis of two Planosols in the Massif Central, France." Geoderma 43, no. 2-3 (December 1988): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(88)90046-8.

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14

Veldkamp, A., and A. G. Jongmans. "Trachytic pumice weathering, Massif Central, France: Geochemistry and micromorphology." Chemical Geology 84, no. 1-4 (July 1990): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90192-a.

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15

Poschmann, Markus, Jason A. Dunlop, Olivier Béthoux, and Jean Galtier. "Carboniferous arachnids from the Graissessac Basin, Central Massif, France." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 90, no. 1 (March 2016): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0295-7.

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16

Bogdanoff, Serge, Jean-Luc Cirodde, and Maurice Donnot. "The nappes of La Chataigneraie, southwest Massif Central, France." Tectonophysics 157, no. 1-3 (January 1989): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90341-7.

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17

Martin, Philippe. "Approche fractale du karst des Grands Causses, Massif Central, France." Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 7, no. 1 (2008): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2008.1055.

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18

Lawalree, A. "Une nouvelle variete de Thesium (Santalaceae) du Massif Central (France)." Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België 59, no. 3/4 (December 31, 1989): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668361.

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19

Martin, J.-M., M. Meybeck, V. N. Nijampurkar, and B. L. K. Somayajulu. "210Pb, 226Ra and 32Si in Pavin lake (Massif Central, France)." Chemical Geology 94, no. 3 (March 1992): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(10)80002-6.

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20

Simon-Coinçon, Régine, Médard Thiry, and Florence Quesnel. "Paléopaysages et paléoenvironnements sidérolithiques du Nord du Massif central (France)." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 330, no. 10 (May 2000): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)00189-0.

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21

Vasari, Annicki, and Y. Vasari. "Relic occurence of Betula nana L. in Massif Central, France." Ecologia mediterranea 11, no. 1 (1985): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.1985.1073.

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22

Juvigné, Etienne. "Deux retombées volcaniques tardiglaciaires dais le Cézallier (Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de l'Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire 24, no. 4 (1987): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.1987.1853.

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23

Hutchison, R., C. T. Williams, P. Henderson, and S. J. B. Reed. "New varieties of mantle xenolith from the Massif Central, France." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 358 (December 1986): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.02.

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AbstractSpinel lherzolite xenoliths from two localities in the Massif Central are undepleted in Al2O3, CaO, and Na2O. One suite from Tarreyres, is K2O depleted and amphibole-bearing whereas the other, from Monistrol d'Allier some 18 km away, is amphibole-free and has a higher mean K2O content of 0.035 wt.%. We present bulk major and minor element abundances in a harzburgite and a lherzolite from each locality and microprobe analyses of their constituent phases. Amphibole-bearing lherzolite and its pyroxenes are light-rare earth element (LREE) depleted, whereas amphibole-free lherzolite and its pyroxenes are LREE enriched. Both harzburgites and their pyroxenes are LREE enriched and one rock contains LREE enriched glass. The harzburgites are like harzburgite xenoliths from elsewhere but each lherzolite represents a previously unrecognized type of mantle in terms of the mineralogy and REE content. The implication for basalt genesis are briefly discussed.

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24

Downes, H. "Magma mixing in undersaturated alkaline volcanics, Cantal, Massif Central, France." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 369 (March 1989): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.369.04.

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AbstractSeveral examples of magma mixing exist within the undersaturated alkaline magma series of the Tertiary/Quaternary volcanics in the French Massif Central. This study describes magma mixing in the Puy Griou/Griounot area of the Cantal volcano (10-3 Ma). Petrographic evidence for injection of blebs of basic magma into phonolitic host magmas is abundant (cauliform inclusions, liquid-liquid contacts, vesiculation and chilling). Compositions of the inclusions are basic tephrite, whereas the hosts are miaskitic phonolites. Petrographic examination reveals the presence of disequilibrium mineralogical features (e.g. Mg-rich olivine in phonolites) and strong zoning in many clinopyroxenes. Transfer of phenocrysts between basic inclusions and phonolite hosts was common, and can be seen clearly in the wide range of compositions of clinopyroxene. Hornblende, magnetite and olivine were also transferred from inclusions to host.Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that, unlike most other fractionated magmas of the region, phonolites which show evidence for magma mixing are uncontaminated by the continental crust and have isotopic ratios similar to local primitive basic magmas. This leads to the suggestion that the magma mixing event took place at great depth, rather than being a high-level phenomenon. The phonolites were thus generated by high-pressure fractional crystallisation of an earlier basanitic or tephritic parent, perhaps at upper-mantle depths. This conclusion may explain why some phonolites elsewhere in the world have entrained spinel Iherzolite mantle xenoliths.

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25

Merceron, T. "Lithium-Bearing Donbassite and Tosudite from Echassières, Massif Central, France." Clays and Clay Minerals 36, no. 1 (1988): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1988.0360106.

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26

Thébaud, Gilles, Pierre Goubet, Renée Skrzypczak, and Éric Sourp. "Communautés végétales des tourbières ombrotrophes du Massif central oriental (France)." Acta Botanica Gallica 156, no. 3 (January 2009): 341–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2009.10516164.

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27

Edel, J. B. "Paleomagnetic evolution of the Central Massif (France) during the Carboniferous." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 82, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(87)90118-x.

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28

Martins, J.-M., M. Meybecks, V. N. Nijampurkar, and B. L. K. Somayajulu. "210Pb, 226Ra and 32Si in Pavin lake (Massif Central, France)." Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 94, no. 3 (March 1992): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(92)90010-8.

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29

Chen, Yan, Michel Faure, and Jean Pascal Cogné. "Late Permian palaeomagnetic results from the Brive basin (Massif Central, France)." Tectonophysics 281, no. 3-4 (November 1997): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00043-7.

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30

Elmi, Serge, and Louis Rulleau. "Le Jurassique du Beaujolais méridional, bordure orientale du Massif Central, France." Geobios 26 (January 1993): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(06)80368-2.

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31

Uenver-Thiele, Laura, Alan B. Woodland, Hilary Downes, and Rainer Altherr. "Oxidation State of the Lithospheric Mantle below the Massif Central, France." Journal of Petrology 55, no. 12 (December 2014): 2457–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egu063.

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32

Francez, André-Jean, and Jean Dévaux. "Répartition des rotifères dans deux lacs-tourbières du Massif Central (France)." Hydrobiologia 128, no. 3 (September 1985): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006823.

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33

Pastre, Jean François, and Jean Marie Cantagrel. "Téphrostratigraphie du Mont Dore / The Mont Dore tephrostratigraphy (Massif Central, France)." Quaternaire 12, no. 4 (2001): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.2001.1697.

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34

Merceron, Thierry, Philippe Vieillard, Anne-Marie Fouillac, and Alain Meunier. "Hydrothermal alterations in the Echassi�res granitic cupola (Massif central, france)." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 112, no. 2-3 (November 1992): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310461.

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35

Matthews, A., C. Fouillac, R. Hill, R. K. O'Nions, and E. R. Oxburgh. "Mantle-derived volatiles in continental crust: the Massif Central of France." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 85, no. 1-3 (September 1987): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(87)90026-4.

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36

de Beaulieu, J. L., and M. Reille. "Long Pleistocene pollen sequences from the Velay Plateau (Massif Central, France)." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 1, no. 4 (December 1992): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00189500.

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37

Freytet, Pierre, Marie-Luce Lebreton, and Yves Paquette. "The carbonates of the Permian Lakes of North Massif central, France." Carbonates and Evaporites 7, no. 2 (September 1992): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03175626.

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38

Ramananantoandro, R. "Seismic evidence for mantle flow beneath the Massif Central rift zone (France)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-197.

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The elastic-wave velocities in three spinel lherzolite xenoliths from the Massif Central rift zone (France) indicate that the high field seismic velocity (8.4 km/s) found parallel to the rift, at a depth of 40 km in the upper mantle beneath the Massif Central, can only be explained by a preferred orientation of the olivine a axis parallel to the rift. This is not predicted by two-dimensional models of mantle flow beneath a rift. Horizontal asthenospheric flow in lithospheric fractures associated with rifting would explain the olivine orientation and the high upper mantle velocity parallel to the rift axis.

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39

Freire-Lista, David M., and Rafael Fort. "Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite ‘Blanco Cristal’: a widely used heritage stone from Spain." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2017-189.

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AbstractCadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite is extracted from the Sierra de Guadarrama (Spanish Central System) under the trade name ‘Blanco Cristal’. It is a fine- to medium-grained, hypidiomorphic and equigranular building stone that has been used in many heritage buildings, such as the Villena Palace (1534). The current annual production of Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite is approximately 8000 m3, of which 40% is exported around the world. It has been used in places such as the Vieux-Port in Marseille (France), Cork International Airport (Ireland) and the Puri EXIM Bank of Jakarta (Indonesia) among others. It is currently being used in the construction of the iconic tower of Jesus Christ of the Sagrada Familia Basilica, in Barcelona (Spain). Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite Blanco Cristal has excellent petrophysical properties, a uniform colour and good resistance to thermal shock and freezing temperatures. These qualities make Blanco Cristal an ideal material for monuments and buildings.

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40

Larue, Jean-Pierre. "Tectonical and morphodynamical evolution of the southern Massif Central border, between the Cesse and Hérault rivers (France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.6.547.

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Abstract Despite numerous researches concerning the Massif Central southern border, there are no certainties about the number and the chronology of the erosion surfaces, the uplift stages of the Massif Central and the incision stages of the rivers. Located on the Massif Central basement and on the Languedocian piedmont, the Orb, Libron and Hérault tributaries basins show a good pattern of shapes and formations, from the Caroux to the littoral plain. Geomorphological and sedimentological study brings some new insights to these questions. Heavy minerals analysis allows us to separate different formations among the deposits located on the erosion surfaces and in the valleys. It is used to reconstruct the main sedimentary pathways. North-south fluxes crossed the Avant-Monts up to the Upper Pliocene, despite of the Miocene uplift. Upper Pliocene uplift of the Avant-Monts caused the bifurcation of the Orb towards the west, the antecedent incision between the Jaur confluence and Cessenon and the stepped pediments and glacis on the Avant-Monts southern border. The longitudinal paleoprofiles argue for a progressive uplift of the Massif Central since the Messinian unconformity. Incision of the valleys began before the Messinian in the Massif Central, but only during the Lower Pleistocene in the Languedocian piedmont.

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41

Hugonnot, Vincent, Jaoua Celle, and Thierry Vergne. "Bryophytes Hyperocéaniques dans les Vallons du Sud-Ouest du Massif Central (France)." Cryptogamie, Bryologie 34, no. 3 (July 2013): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/cryb.v34.iss3.2013.325.

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42

Delaunay, Lionel. "Meira mellei n. sp. du mont Tanargue, Massif central, France (Coleoptera Curculionidae)." Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 80, no. 5 (2011): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/linly.2011.12683.

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43

Bruce, S. "The Genesis of Mineralising Brines in the South West Massif Central, France." Mineralogical Magazine 62A, no. 1 (1998): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.1.126.

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44

Briand, Bernard, Jean-Luc Bouchardon, Houssa Ouali, Michel Piboule, and Paul Capiez. "Geochemistry of bimodal amphibolitic—felsic gneiss complexes from eastern Massif Central, France." Geological Magazine 132, no. 3 (May 1995): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013637.

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AbstractHigh-grade basic and acidic meta-igneous rocks are widespread in the bimodal amphibolitic—felsic gneiss complexes, which are characteristic formations of the ‘Middle Allochthonous Unit’ from eastern and southern French Massif Central. The metabasites from the Lyonnais and Doux complexes are chemically diverse and range from N-MORB type tholeiitic to transitional types. The two populations are not related by fractional crystallization or crustal contamination processes and their chemical characteristics reflect differences in their mantle sources. An ensialic setting is supported by the crustally-derived character of some of the associated felsic rocks, but the presence of N-MORB-type metabasites argues for an extensional environment. This bimodal association compares well with the magmatism of rifted continental margins and may reflect a transitional stage between continental rifting and oceanic crust formation during the Cambro-Ordovician spreading event.

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Monnier, Loïs, Stefano Salvi, Jérémie Melleton, Laurent Bailly, Didier Béziat, Philippe de Parseval, Sophie Gouy, and Philippe Lach. "Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France)." Minerals 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100637.

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The Echassières district in central France contains complex rare-element ore deposits, whose formation is related to exotic igneous events and several hydrothermal episodes that are not entirely understood to date. Tungsten mineralization consists of three generations of wolframite, characterized by distinct Fe/Mn ratios (8.4; 3.5 and 0.3, for wolframite a, b and c, respectively), formed during three separate hydrothermal episodes related to the Variscan orogeny. Wolframite a occurs in quartz veins of the La Bosse stockwork where it crystallized before the Barrovian metamorphism that affected these veins and the host rock. After metamorphism, before intrusion of the Beauvoir and Colettes granites, wolframite b crystallized in the stockwork during massive topazification. High concentrations of wolframite c occur in the proximal quartz veins in the Mazet area, while only scant amounts are found in the La Bosse stockwork. In both settings, wolframite c precipitated from the fluid responsible for greisen alteration that massively affected the Beauvoir granite. In the La Bosse stockwork, greisen alteration is characterized by hydrothermal topaz that is texturally and chemically distinct from that precipitated during topazification. Supergene alteration responsible for kaolinization of Beauvoir and Colettes granites caused remobilization of a non-negligible amount of tungsten (W) during replacement of wolframite by W-rich goethite in all units of the Echassières district. This model for multiple W mineralizing events is novel and can prove essential in distinguishing potential economic deposits worldwide.

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Schaminée, Joop H. J., Caroline Coolen, and Marian B. Siebum. "The vegetation of 'snowbeds' in the Monts du Forez (Massif Central, France)." Phytocoenologia 21, no. 1-2 (October 27, 1992): 175–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/21/1992/175.

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Granet, M., G. Stoll, J. Dorel, U. Achauer, G. Poupinet, and K. Fuchs. "Massif Central (France): new constraints on the geodynamical evolution from teleseismic tomography." Geophysical Journal International 121, no. 1 (April 1995): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb03509.x.

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Mies, Bruno A. "New or Interesting Lichens from the Limousin Region (Western Massif Central, France)." Herzogia 28, no. 2 (November 2015): 473–783. http://dx.doi.org/10.13158/heia.28.2.2015.473.

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Downes, Hilary, and Claude Dupuy. "Textural, isotopic and REE variations in spinel peridotite xenoliths, Massif Central, France." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 82, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(87)90112-9.

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Fowler, Peter. "A limestone landscape from the air: le Causse Méjean, Languedoc, France." Antiquity 73, no. 280 (June 1999): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088359.

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Reconnaissance on the southern edge of the Massif Central is studying field evidence which deepens appreciation of the present-day upland French landscape as not only ‘sauvage’ but also the product of long-term use.

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