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Journal articles on the topic 'Levantine deep water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kubin, Elisabeth, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Elena Mauri, Milena Menna, and Giulio Notarstefano. "Levantine Intermediate and Levantine Deep Water Formation: An Argo Float Study from 2001 to 2017." Water 11, no. 9 (2019): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091781.

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Levantine intermediate water (LIW) is formed in the Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) and spreads throughout the Mediterranean at intermediate depths, following the general circulation. The LIW, characterized by high salinity and relatively high temperatures, is one of the main contributors of the Mediterranean Overturning Circulation and influences the mechanisms of deep water formation in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean sub-basins. In this study, the LIW and Levantine deep water (LDW) formation processes are investigated using Argo float data from 2001 to 2017 in the Northwestern L

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2

Gačić, M., K. Schroeder, G. Civitarese, S. Cosoli, A. Vetrano, and G. L. Eusebi Borzelli. "Salinity in the Sicily Channel corroborates the role of the Adriatic–Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) in shaping the decadal variability of the Mediterranean overturning circulation." Ocean Science 9, no. 1 (2013): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-9-83-2013.

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Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated that the salinity in the Levantine basin depends on the intensity of the Atlantic water (AW) inflow. Moreover, its spreading eastward (to the Levantine basin) or northward (to the Ionian Sea) is determined by the Ionian circulation pattern, i.e. by the Adriatic–Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) mechanism. The aim of this paper is to relate salinity variations in the Levantine basin to the salt content variability in the core of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) passing through the Sicily Channel (SC) and its possible impact on the Wester

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3

Cardin, V., G. Civitarese, D. Hainbucher, M. Bensi, and A. Rubino. "Thermohaline properties in the Eastern Mediterranean in the last three decades: is the basin returning to the pre-EMT situation?" Ocean Science Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 391–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-391-2014.

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Abstract. We present temperature, salinity and oxygen data collected during the M84/3 and P414 cruises in April and June 2011 on a basin-wide scale to determine the ongoing oceanographic characteristics in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM). The east–west transect through the EM sampled during the M84/3 cruise together with data gained on previous cruises over the period 1987–2011 are analysed in terms of regional aspects of the evolution of water mass properties and heat and salt content variation. The present state of the EM basin is also evaluated in the context of the evolution of the Eastern

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4

Stöven, T., and T. Tanhua. "Ventilation of the Mediterranean Sea constrained by multiple transient tracer measurements." Ocean Science 10, no. 3 (2014): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-439-2014.

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Abstract. Ventilation is the primary pathway for atmosphere–ocean boundary perturbations, such as temperature anomalies, to be relayed to the ocean interior. It is also a conduit for gas exchange between the interface of atmosphere and ocean. Thus it is a mechanism whereby, for instance, the ocean interior is oxygenated and enriched in anthropogenic carbon. The ventilation of the Mediterranean Sea is fast in comparison to the world ocean and has large temporal variability. Here we present transient tracer data from a field campaign in April 2011 that sampled a unique suite of transient tracers

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5

Borghini, M., H. Bryden, K. Schroeder, S. Sparnocchia, and A. Vetrano. "The Mediterranean is becoming saltier." Ocean Science 10, no. 4 (2014): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-693-2014.

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Abstract. The deep waters of the western Mediterranean Sea have become saltier and warmer for at least the past 40 years at rates of about 0.015 and 0.04 °C per decade. Here we show that two processes contribute to these increases in temperature and salinity. On interannual timescales, deep water formation events in severe winters transmit increasingly salty intermediate waters into the deep water. The second process is a steady downward flux of heat and salt associated with salt finger mixing down through the halocline–thermocline that connects the Levantine Intermediate Water with the deep w

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6

Borghini, M., H. Bryden, K. Schroeder, S. Sparnocchia, and A. Vetrano. "The Mediterranean is getting saltier." Ocean Science Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-735-2014.

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Abstract. The deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea have been getting saltier and warmer for at least the past 40 yr at rates of about 0.015 and 0.04 °C per decade. Here we show that two processes contribute to these increases in temperature and salinity. On interannual time scales, deep water formation events in severe winters transmit increasingly salty intermediate waters into the deep water. The second process is a steady downward flux of heat and salt through the halocline-thermocline that connects the Levantine Intermediate Water with the deep water. We illustrate these two processes with

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7

Baaklini, Georges, Julien Brajard, Leila Issa, Gina Fifani, Laurent Mortier, and Roy El Hourany. "Monitoring the coastal–offshore water interactions in the Levantine Sea using ocean color and deep supervised learning." Ocean Science 20, no. 6 (2024): 1707–20. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1707-2024.

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Abstract. Understanding and tracking the surface circulation of the Levantine Sea present significant challenges, particularly close to the coast. This difficulty arises due to two main factors: the limited availability of in situ observations and the increasing inaccuracies in altimetry data close to the coastline. Here, we propose a new approach to monitor the interaction between offshore and coastal waters. In this approach, we develop a pattern detection model using deep learning by training the U-Net model on ocean color data to track the interactions between the coastal and offshore wate

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Stöven, T., and T. Tanhua. "Ventilation of the Mediterranean Sea constrained by multiple transient tracer measurements." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 5 (2013): 1647–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1647-2013.

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Abstract. Ventilation is the prime pathway for ocean surface perturbations, such as temperature anomalies, to be relayed to the ocean interior. It is also the conduit for gas exchange between atmosphere and ocean and thus the mechanism whereby, for instance, the interior ocean is oxygenated and enriched in anthropogenic carbon. The ventilation of the Mediterranean Sea is fast in comparison to the world ocean and has large temporal variability, so that quantification of Mediterranean Sea ventilation rates is challenging and very relevant for Mediterranean oceanography and biogeochemistry. Here

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9

Wu, Peili, and Keith Haines. "Modeling the dispersal of Levantine Intermediate Water and its role in Mediterranean deep water formation." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 101, no. C3 (1996): 6591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jc03555.

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10

OZCAN, T., E. IRMAK, A. S. ATES, and T. KATAGAN. "First record of the red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) (Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey." Mediterranean Marine Science 10, no. 1 (2009): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.125.

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A female specimen of the deep-water red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus(Risso, 1816) was caught at depths of between 550 m and 670 m during 2005 by trawling off the Marmaris coast. A. antennatus is a species known to inhabit only the Levantine Sea coast of Turkey. This paper is on the first record of the species along the southern Aegean Sea coast of Turkey

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11

Gertman, I., N. Pinardi, Y. Popov, and A. Hecht. "Aegean Sea Water Masses during the Early Stages of the Eastern Mediterranean Climatic Transient (1988–90)." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 9 (2006): 1841–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2940.1.

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Abstract The Aegean water masses and circulation structure are studied via two large-scale surveys performed during the late winters of 1988 and 1990 by the R/V Yakov Gakkel of the former Soviet Union. The analysis of these data sheds light on the mechanisms of water mass formation in the Aegean Sea that triggered the outflow of Cretan Deep Water (CDW) from the Cretan Sea into the abyssal basins of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (the so-called Eastern Mediterranean Transient). It is found that the central Aegean Basin is the site of the formation of Aegean Intermediate Water, which slides south

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ACHILLEOS, KATERINA, CARLOS JIMENEZ, BJÖRN BERNING, and ANTONIS PETROU. "Bryozoan diversity of Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean Sea): first results from census surveys (2011–2018)." Mediterranean Marine Science 21, no. 1 (2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.21201.

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The Mediterranean bryozoan fauna is considered to be well studied compared to other marine areas of the world. However, in the Levantine Basin, bryozoan diversity has not yet been adequately documented. This report presents the first systematic and most comprehensive study of bryozoans sampled in Cyprus during census surveys from 2011 to 2018. The specimens were collected between 9 and ~620 m depth from several habitat types (mainly soft-bottom environments but also hard natural/artificial substrata, ancient shipwrecks, a marine cave, and deep-water coral habitats) around the island by means o

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13

Habib, Joelle, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, et al. "Seasonal and interannual variability of the pelagic ecosystem and of the organic carbon budget in the Rhodes Gyre (eastern Mediterranean): influence of winter mixing." Biogeosciences 20, no. 15 (2023): 3203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023.

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Abstract. The Rhodes Gyre is a cyclonic persistent feature of the general circulation of the Levantine Basin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Although it is located in the most oligotrophic basin of the Mediterranean Sea, it is a relatively high primary production area due to strong winter nutrient supply associated with the formation of Levantine Intermediate Water. In this study, a 3D coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model (SYMPHONIE/Eco3M-S) was used to characterize the seasonal and interannual variability of the Rhodes Gyre's ecosystem and to estimate an annual organic carbon budget ov

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14

Parras-Berrocal, Iván M., Rubén Vázquez, William Cabos, et al. "Dense water formation in the eastern Mediterranean under a global warming scenario." Ocean Science 19, no. 3 (2023): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-941-2023.

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Abstract. Dense water formation in the eastern Mediterranean (EMed) is essential in sustaining the Mediterranean overturning circulation. Changes in the sources of dense water in the EMed point to changes in the circulation and water properties of the Mediterranean Sea. Here we examine with a regional climate system model the changes in the dense water formation in the EMed through the 21st century under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Our results show a shift in the dominant source of Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) from the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea in the first half of the 21st c

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15

Bowman, Steven A. "Regional seismic interpretation of the hydrocarbon prospectivity of offshore Syria." GeoArabia 16, no. 3 (2011): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia160395.

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ABSTRACT Analysis of 5,000 km of multi-client long-offset 2-D seismic data has led to the identification of three sedimentary basins, Levantine, Cyprus, and Latakia, located in offshore Syria. Each basin has a unique structural and stratigraphic history. They are separated from each other by the middle to Late Cretaceous aged Latakia Ridge System that initiated as a compressional fold-thrust belt and was re-activated under a sinistral strike-slip regime that developed during the Early Pliocene in response to a re-organisation of the plate-tectonic stresses. There is significant evidence for a

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16

Schneider, A., T. Tanhua, W. Roether, and R. Steinfeldt. "Changes in ventilation of the Mediterranean Sea during the past 25 year." Ocean Science 10, no. 1 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1-2014.

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Abstract. Significant changes in the overturning circulation of the Mediterranean Sea has been observed during the last few decades, the most prominent phenomena being the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) in the early 1990s and the Western Mediterranean Transition (WMT) during the mid-2000s. During both of these events unusually large amounts of deep water were formed, and in the case of the EMT, the deep water formation area shifted from the Adriatic to the Aegean Sea. Here we synthesize a unique collection of transient tracer (CFC-12, SF6 and tritium) data from nine cruises conducted be

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17

Ayache, M., J. C. Dutay, P. Jean-Baptiste, et al. "Modelling of the anthropogenic tritium transient and its decay product helium-3 in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution regional model." Ocean Science Discussions 11, no. 6 (2014): 2691–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-2691-2014.

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Abstract. This numerical study provides the first simulation of the anthropogenic tritium invasion and its decay product helium-3 (3He) in the Mediterranean Sea. The simulation covers the entire tritium (3H) transient generated by the atmospheric nuclear-weapon tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s and run till 2011. Tritium, helium-3 and their derived age estimates are particularly suitable for studying intermediate and deep-water ventilation and spreading of water masses at intermediate/deep levels. The simulation is made using a high resolution regional model NEMO-MED12 forced at the

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18

SOUVERMEZOGLOU, Ε., Ε. KRASAKOPOULOU, and A. PAVLIDOU. "Temporal and spatial variability of nutrients and oxygen in the North Aegean Sea during the last thirty years." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 4 (2014): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1017.

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Inorganic nutrient and dissolved oxygen data collected in the North Aegean Sea during 1986 - 2008 were analyzed in order to evaluate the role of the inflowing Black Sea originated surface water (BSW) in the nutrient regime of the area. In periods of high buoyancy inflow from Dardanelles strait, a reduction of inorganic nutrients in the surface layer is observed along the north-west route of the BSW; in parallel, the underlying layer of Levantine intermediate water revealed an increase of inorganic nutrients, receiving the degradation material from the surface layer. The above spatial patterns

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19

Pappa, F. K., G. A. Kyriakidis, C. Tsabaris, et al. "Temporal variation of 137Cs profiles in Lemnos deep basin, North Aegean Sea, Greece." HNPS Proceedings 23 (March 8, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1910.

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137Cs activity concentration in seawater is an efficient radio-tracing technique to separate and identify the origin of different water masses along with depth. This technique has been applied for the study of deep basins at the North Aegean Sea [1], a marine region which is continuously enriched with 137Cs originated from the Black Sea, through the Dardanelles Straits. In this work, a second sampling campaign (from 2008 to 2013) was carried out in Lemnos’s deep basin and water quantities were collected from different depths. These quantities were chemically treated at HCMR to pre-concentrate

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20

Bonanno, A., F. Placenti, G. Basilone, et al. "Variability of water mass properties in the Strait of Sicily in summer period of 1998–2013." Ocean Science 10, no. 5 (2014): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-759-2014.

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Abstract. The Strait of Sicily plays a crucial role in determining the water-mass exchanges and related properties between the western and eastern Mediterranean. Hydrographic measurements carried out from 1998 to 2013 allowed the identification of the main water masses present in the Strait of Sicily: a surface layer composed of Atlantic water (AW) flowing eastward, intermediate and deep layers mainly composed of Levantine intermediate water (LIW), and transitional eastern Mediterranean deep water (tEMDW) flowing in the opposite direction. Furthermore, for the first time, the signature of inte

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21

Amorim, Felipe L. L., Julien Le Meur, Achim Wirth, and Vanessa Cardin. "Tipping of the double-diffusive regime in the southern Adriatic Pit in 2017 in connection with record high-salinity values." Ocean Science 20, no. 2 (2024): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-20-463-2024.

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Abstract. In double-diffusive mixing, whenever salinity and temperature decrease with depth, the water column is either unstable or predisposed to a state called salt fingering (SF), which exhibits increased vertical mixing. Analysis of a high-frequency time series of thermohaline data measured at the EMSO-E2M3A regional facility in the southern Adriatic Pit (SAP) from 2014 to 2019 reveals that in the south Adriatic, SF is the dominant regime. The same time series shows the presence of a very saline core of the Levantine Intermediate Water that penetrated with unprecedented strength during the

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22

Schneider, A., T. Tanhua, W. Roether, and R. Steinfeldt. "Changes in ventilation of the Mediterranean Sea during the past 25 yr." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 4 (2013): 1405–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1405-2013.

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Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea has a fast overturning circulation and the deep water masses are well ventilated in comparison to the deep waters of the world ocean. Significant changes in the overturning circulation has been observed during the last few decades, the most prominent phenomena being the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) in the early 1990s and the Western Mediterranean Transit (WMT) near the mid of the decade following. During both of these events unusually large amounts of deep water were formed, and in the case of the EMT, the deep water formation area shifted from the Adri

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23

Dubois-Dauphin, Quentin, Paolo Montagna, Giuseppe Siani, et al. "Hydrological variations of the intermediate water masses of the western Mediterranean Sea during the past 20 ka inferred from neodymium isotopic composition in foraminifera and cold-water corals." Climate of the Past 13, no. 1 (2017): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017.

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Abstract. We present the neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) of mixed planktonic foraminifera species from a sediment core collected at 622 m water depth in the Balearic Sea, as well as εNd of scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC; Madrepora oculata, Lophelia pertusa) retrieved between 280 and 442 m water depth in the Alboran Sea and at 414 m depth in the southern Sardinian continental margin. The aim is to constrain hydrological variations at intermediate depths in the western Mediterranean Sea during the last 20 kyr. Planktonic (Globigerina bulloides) and benthic (Cibicidoides pachyderma) fo

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Terzić, Elena, Clara Gardiol, and Ivica Vilibić. "Surface saline lakes in the Mediterranean Sea." Ocean Science 21, no. 4 (2025): 1441–59. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1441-2025.

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Abstract. In the Levantine basin, it has long been known that salinity can reach a maximum in a thin layer near the surface, particularly during the warm season when summer heating, evaporation, and low mixing prevail. This water mass has been linked to the generation of Levantine intermediate and deep waters, depending on winter heat loss and wind-induced mixing. However, a recent study demonstrated that similar conditions, referred to as surface saline lakes (SSLs), can occur as far north as the Adriatic Sea. To investigate this, we analysed data from Argo profiling floats across all of the

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Njire, Jakica, Mirna Batistić, Vedrana Kovačević, Rade Garić, and Manuel Bensi. "Tintinnid Ciliate Communities in Pre- and Post-Winter Conditions in the Southern Adriatic Sea (NE Mediterranean)." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112329.

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The Southern Adriatic Sea is a dynamic region under the influence of diverse physical forces that modify sea water properties as well as plankton dynamics, abundance, and distribution in an intricate way. The most pronounced being: winter vertical convection, lateral exchanges between coastal and open sea waters, and the ingression of water masses of different properties into the Adriatic. We investigated the distribution and abundance of tintinnid species in this dynamic environment in pre- and post-winter conditions in 2015/2016. A strong ingression of the saline Levantine Intermediate Water

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Santi, I., P. Kasapidis, S. Psarra, et al. "Composition and distribution patterns of eukaryotic microbial plankton in the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 84 (June 4, 2020): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01933.

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Marine microbial eukaryotes play crucial roles in water-column ecosystems; however, there are regional gaps in the investigation of natural microbial eukaryote communities, and uncertainties concerning their distribution persevere. This study combined 18S rRNA metabarcoding, biomass measurements and statistical analyses of multiple environmental variables to examine the distribution of planktonic microbial eukaryotes at different sites and water layers in the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Western Levantine Basin). Our results showed that microbial eukaryotic communities were st

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BAYHAN, K. Y., J. E. CARTES, and E. FANELLI. "Biological condition and trophic ecology of the deep-water shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea in the Levantine Sea (SW Turkey)." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (2014): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.867.

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The trophic ecology (diets, stable isotope composition) and life cycle (gonado-somatic, GSI, and hepato-somatic, HSI, indices) of Aristaeomorpha foliacea were analysed seasonally (in May, June, and November 2012 and January 2013) off southeast Turkey (Levantine Basin), over the slope at 442-600 m depth. A. foliacea females were mature in June, suggesting gonad maturity was somewhat delayed off southeast Turkey compared to other areas in the Eastern Mediterranean. The HSI of A. foliacea was highest in May and June (8.2% of body weight) for males and both immature and mature females, sharply low

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Sbrana, Mario, Walter Zupa, Alessandro Ligas, et al. "Spatiotemporal abundance pattern of deep-water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris, and Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, in European Mediterranean waters." Scientia Marina 83, S1 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04858.27a.

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The main characteristics concerning the distribution of two of the most important decapod crustaceans of commercial interest in the Mediterranean Sea, the deep-water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris, and the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, are studied in the European Mediterranean waters. The study is based on data collected under the MEDITS trawl surveys from 1994 to 2015 from the Gibraltar Straits to the northeastern Levantine Basin (Cyprus waters). The observed differences can be interpreted as different responses to environmental drivers related to the differing life history trai

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Astrahan, P., J. Silverman, Y. Gertner, and B. Herut. "Spatial distribution and sources of organic matter and pollutants in the SE Mediterranean (Levantine basin) deep water sediments." Marine Pollution Bulletin 116, no. 1-2 (2017): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.006.

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Ozer, Tal, Isaac Gertman, Hezi Gildor, Ron Goldman, and Barak Herut. "Evidence for recent thermohaline variability and processes in the deep water of the Southeastern Levantine Basin, Mediterranean Sea." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 171 (January 2020): 104651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104651.

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Fedele, Giusy, Elena Mauri, Giulio Notarstefano, and Pierre Marie Poulain. "Characterization of the Atlantic Water and Levantine Intermediate Water in the Mediterranean Sea using 20 years of Argo data." Ocean Science 18, no. 1 (2022): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-18-129-2022.

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Abstract. Atlantic Water (AW) and Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) are important water masses that play a crucial role in the internal variability of the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. To be more specific, their variability and interaction, along with other water masses that characterize the Mediterranean basin, such as the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW), contribute to modify the Mediterranean Outflow through the Strait of Gibraltar, and hence they may influence the stability of the global thermohaline circulation. This work aims to characterize AW and LIW in the Mediterran

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Hainbucher, D., V. Cardin, G. Siena, et al. "Hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea during a cruise with RV <i>POSEIDON</i> in April 2014." Earth System Science Data Discussions 8, no. 1 (2015): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-427-2015.

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Abstract. We report on data from an oceanographic cruise in the Mediterranean Sea on the German research vessel POSEIDON in April 2014. Data were taken on a west–east section starting at the Strait of Gibraltar and ending south-east of Crete as well on sections in the Ionian and Adriatic Sea. The objectives of the cruise were twofold; long-term variations of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and the deep water masses of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea were investigated. The measurements include salinity, temperature, oxygen and currents and were conducted with a CTD/rosette system, an under

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Hainbucher, D., V. Cardin, G. Siena, et al. "Hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea during a cruise with RV <i>Poseidon</i> in April 2014." Earth System Science Data 7, no. 2 (2015): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-231-2015.

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Abstract. We report on data from an oceanographic cruise in the Mediterranean Sea on the German research vessel Poseidon in April 2014. Data were taken on a west–east section, starting at the Strait of Gibraltar and ending south-east of Crete, as well on sections in the Ionian and Adriatic Sea. The objectives of the cruise were threefold: to contribute to the investigation of the spatial evolution of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) properties and of the deep water masses in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and to investigate the mesoscale variability of the upper water column. The measure

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Papadopoulos, Vassilis P., Simon A. Josey, Aristides Bartzokas, Samuel Somot, Simon Ruiz, and Paraskevi Drakopoulou. "Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Favoring Deep- and Intermediate-Water Formation in the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of Climate 25, no. 18 (2012): 6079–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00657.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric circulation patterns that are conducive to extreme ocean heat loss are investigated at four sites of special interest in the Mediterranean Sea. The Gulf of Lions, the South Adriatic Sea, the Cretan Sea, and the Levantine Sea are areas where anomalously high winter heat loss may lead to deep- or intermediate-water formation. At each of the above sites, the atmospheric circulation during such events is derived by averaging the sea level pressure (SLP) fields during the lower decile of the wintertime series of the net heat exchange. A relatively simple SLP pattern dominated b

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Ahumada, M. A., and A. Cruzado. "Modeling of the circulation in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea with the Princeton Ocean Model." Ocean Science 3, no. 1 (2007): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-3-77-2007.

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Abstract. The Princeton Ocean Model – POM (Blumberg and Mellor, 1987) has been implemented in the Northwestern Mediterranean nested (in one-way off-line mode) to a general circulation model of the Mediterranean Sea – OGCM (Pinardi and Masetti, 2000; Demirov and Pinardi, 2002) in order to investigate if this model configuration is capable of reproducing the major features of the circulation as known from observations and to improve what has been made by previous numerical modeling works. According to the model results, the large-scale cyclonic circulation in the northern part of the Northwester

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Ahumada, M. A., and A. Cruzado. "Modelling of the circulation in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea with the Princeton Ocean Model." Ocean Science Discussions 3, no. 4 (2006): 1255–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-3-1255-2006.

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Abstract. The Princeton Ocean Model – POM (Blumberg and Mellor, 1987) has been implemented in the Northwestern Mediterranean nested (in one-way off-line mode) to a general circulation model of the Mediterranean Sea – OGCM (Pinardi and Masetti, 2000; Demirov and Pinardi, 2002) in order to investigate if this model configuration is capable of reproducing the major features of the circulation as known from observations and to improve what has been made by previous numerical modeling works. According to the model results, the large-scale cyclonic circulation in the northern part of the Northwester

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Beccari, Valentina, Ahuva Almogi-Labin, Daniela Basso, et al. "Late Holocene pteropod distribution across the base of the south-eastern Mediterranean margin: the importance of the > 63 µm fraction." Journal of Micropalaeontology 42, no. 1 (2023): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-13-2023.

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Abstract. Euthecosomata pteropods were analysed in core sediments collected in the framework of the 2016 EUROFLEETS2 SEMSEEP cruise, offshore of Israel, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The investigated cores were retrieved in a deep-sea coral area at 690 m depth, an actively methane-seeping pockmark area at 1038 m depth, and a deep-sea channel area at 1310 m water depth. We identified and documented the pteropod species belonging to the families Heliconoididae, Limacinidae, Creseidae, Cavoliniidae, Cliidae, and Hyalocylidae and to some heteropods. Our study highlights the importance of inves

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Parinos, C., A. Gogou, I. Bouloubassi, et al. "Occurrence, sources and transport pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in deep-sea sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences 10, no. 9 (2013): 6069–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6069-2013.

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Abstract. Surface sediments collected from deep basins (1018–4087 m depth) of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Ionian Sea, southern Aegean Sea and northwestern Levantine Sea) were analyzed for aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as tracers of natural and anthropogenic inputs. Concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes and the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) of aliphatic hydrocarbons varied significantly, ranging from 1.34 to 49.2 μg g−1, 145 to 4810 ng g−1 and 0.73 to 36.7 μg g−1, respectively, while concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) range

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Leivadaros, Petros, Christos Tsabaris, Dionisis L. Patiris, et al. "Recent 137Cs Distribution in the Aegean Sea, Greece." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (2022): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111719.

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Recent spatial and vertical distributions of 137Cs activity concentration in the Aegean Sea are presented almost 30 years after the Chernobyl accident. The study aims to provide the current radioactivity levels of 137Cs in the Aegean Sea and to combine the 137Cs activity concentration with typical oceanographic parameters (T, S) in order to utilize them as tracers to identify/validate the different water masses that are present in the Aegean Sea. This work was performed in the frame of the “KRIPIS” project in 2017 for continuous investigations of the deep basins from all over the Aegean Sea an

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Marty, J. C., and J. Chiavérini. "Hydrological changes in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean, DYFAMED site) during 1995–2007 and biogeochemical consequences." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (2010): 1377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-1377-2010.

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Abstract. Data obtained during the monthly cruises of the DYFAMED time-series study (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) in the period 1995–2007 were compiled to examine the hydrological changes and the linked evolution of some biogeochemical characteristics. A regular increase of temperature and salinity (0.005 °C y−1, 0.0022 psu y−1) was recorded in deep waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea (2000 m depth) during 1995–2005. In February 2006 an abrupt increase in T (+0.1 °C) and S (+0.03 psu) was measured as the result of successive intense winter mixing events during the 3 previous years. The Febru

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Marty, J. C., and J. Chiavérini. "Hydrological changes in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean, DYFAMED site) during 1995–2007 and biogeochemical consequences." Biogeosciences 7, no. 7 (2010): 2117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2117-2010.

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Abstract. Data obtained during the monthly cruises of the DYFAMED time-series study (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) in the period 1995–2007 were compiled to examine the hydrological changes and the linked variation of some biogeochemical characteristics (nutrients and pigments). A regular increase of temperature and salinity (0.005 °C y−1, 0.0022 psu y−1) was recorded in deep waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea (2000 m depth) during 1995–2005. In February 2006 an abrupt increase in T (+0.1 °C) and S (+0.03 psu) was measured at 2000 m depth as the result of successive intense winter mixing even

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Cascella, Antonio, Sergio Bonomo, Bassem Jalali, et al. "Climate variability of the last ~2700 years in the Southern Adriatic Sea: Coccolithophore evidences." Holocene 30, no. 1 (2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619865600.

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New information on palaeoenvironmental conditions over the past ~2700 years in the Central Mediterranean Sea have been acquired through the high-resolution study of calcareous nannofossils preserved in the sediment core SW104-ND14Q recovered in the Southern Adriatic Sea (SAS) at 1013-m water depth. The surface water properties at this open SAS site are sensitive to atmospheric forcing (acting both at local and regional scale) and the North Ionian Sea driven inflowing waters. Our data show a relationship between reworked coccolith abundances, flood frequency across the Southern Alps and the Nor

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Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., V. Artale, G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi, et al. "Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 4 (2013): 1205–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1205-2013.

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Abstract. The importance of the Mediterranean Sea for the world ocean has long been recognized. First, the Mediterranean sea has a profound impact on the Atlantic ocean circulation and, consequently, on the global thermohaline conveyor belt. Maps of the Mediterranean salty water tongue exiting from the Gibraltar strait at intermediate depths and spreading throughout the Atlantic interior are well known since the 1950s. Through direct pathways to the Atlantic polar regions or through indirect mixing processes, the salty Mediterranean water preconditions the deep convection cells of the polar At

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Cardin, V., G. Civitarese, D. Hainbucher, M. Bensi, and A. Rubino. "Thermohaline properties in the Eastern Mediterranean in the last three decades: is the basin returning to the pre-EMT situation?" Ocean Science 11, no. 1 (2015): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-53-2015.

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Abstract. Temperature, salinity and oxygen data collected during April and June 2011 (M84/3 and P414 cruises respectively) are analysed to derive the oceanographic characteristics of the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) basin. These observed characteristics are compared with those from previous cruises over the period 1987–2011. As a result, the interannual and decadal variability of the EM thermohaline properties are discussed in the context of the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) and of the general circulation of the basin. We found that the state of the EM is still far from

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García-Lafuente, Jesús, Cristina Naranjo, Simone Sammartino, José C. Sánchez-Garrido, and Javier Delgado. "The Mediterranean outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar and its connection with upstream conditions in the Alborán Sea." Ocean Science 13, no. 2 (2017): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-13-195-2017.

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Abstract. The present study addresses the hypothesis that the Western Alborán Gyre in the Alborán Sea (the westernmost Mediterranean basin adjacent to the Strait of Gibraltar) influences the composition of the outflow through the Strait of Gibraltar. The process invoked is that strong and well-developed gyres help to evacuate the Western Mediterranean Deep Water from the Alborán basin, thus increasing its presence in the outflow, whereas weak gyres facilitate the outflow of Levantine and other intermediate waters. To this aim, in situ observations collected at the Camarinal (the main) and Espa

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Tachikawa, K., L. Vidal, M. Cornuault, et al. "Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition." Climate of the Past 11, no. 6 (2015): 855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-855-2015.

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Abstract. Holocene eastern Mediterranean Sea sediments contain an organic-rich sapropel S1 layer that was formed in oxygen-depleted waters. The spatial distribution of this layer revealed that during S1 deposition, deep waters were anoxic below a depth of 1800 m. However, whether this boundary permanently existed from the early to the mid-Holocene has not been examined yet. To answer this question, a multi-proxy approach was applied to a core retrieved close to the 1800 m boundary (at 1780 m). We measured the bulk sediment elemental composition, the stable isotopic composition of the planktoni

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Blanchet, Cécile L., Rik Tjallingii, Anja M. Schleicher, Stefan Schouten, Martin Frank, and Achim Brauer. "Deoxygenation dynamics on the western Nile deep-sea fan during sapropel S1 from seasonal to millennial timescales." Climate of the Past 17, no. 3 (2021): 1025–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1025-2021.

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Abstract. Ocean deoxygenation is a rising threat to marine ecosystems and food resources under present climate warming conditions. Organic-rich sapropel layers deposited in the Mediterranean Sea provide a natural laboratory to study the processes that have controlled changes in seawater oxygen levels in the recent geological past. Our study is based on three sediment cores spanning the last 10 000 years and located on a bathymetric transect offshore from the western distributaries of the Nile delta. These cores are partly to continuously laminated in the sections recording sapropel S1, which i

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Ciuffardi, Tiziana, Nadia Lo Bue, Giancarlo Raiteri, Salvatore Marullo, and Vincenzo Artale. "New Insights into Tyrrhenian Sea Warming and Heat Penetration through Long-Term Expendable Bathythermograph Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 10 (2024): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101756.

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The warming trend of the Mediterranean region is already well known, but there is still a lack of information on its seasonal/annual to multidecadal time scales and its distribution in all water masses, including deep water. New temporal and spatial evidence of this thermal variability has been presented in the Tyrrhenian Sea, thanks to twenty-year continuous monitoring by eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) along a fixed route from Genoa to Palermo. The Tyrrhenian Sea is one of the deepest Mediterranean sub-basins (with a maximum depth of about 4000 m), but its interaction with neighbouring b

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Tachikawa, K., L. Vidal, M. Cornuault, et al. "Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 6 (2014): 4647–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-4647-2014.

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Abstract. Holocene Eastern Mediterranean Sea sediments contain an organic-rich sapropel S1 layer that was formed in oxygen-depleted waters. The spatial distribution of this layer revealed that during S1 deposition deep waters were permanently anoxic below 1800 m in water depth. To provide further insight into past Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation, a multi-proxy approach was applied to a core retrieved close to the 1800 m boundary (at 1780 m). We measured the bulk sediment elemental composition, the stable isotopic composition of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber, and the ab

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Dimiza, Margarita D., Maria V. Triantaphyllou, Elisa Malinverno, et al. "The composition and distribution of living coccolithophores in the Aegean Sea (NE Mediterranean)." Micropaleontology 61, no. 6 (2016): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.61.6.09.

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This study presents the species composition of living coccolithophore communities in the Aegean Sea (northeastern Mediterranean), investigating their spatial and temporal variations in various environmental conditions from mesotrophic to ultra- oligotrophic regions. Coccolithophores of the photic zone in the Aegean Sea are relatively diverse (65 heterococcolithophores and 34 holococcolithophores) and dominated mostly by Emiliania huxleyi, Syracosphaera spp., Rhabdosphaeraceae and holococcolithophores. Hierarchical classification using R-mode cluster analysis distinguished five coccolithophore

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