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Andersson, Moa. "20 år efter översvämningen – har Arvika ”built back better”? : Undersökning av en svensk kommuns hantering av översvämningsrisk." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85054.
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Klimatförändringar är en komplex risk som innebär nya utmaningar för dagens och framtidens riskhantering. Översvämningsrisken ökar i takt med att skyfall och kraftiga regn blir mer frekventa samtidigt som havsnivåerna stiger. Att samhällen klimatanpassas är av största vikt med tanke på att utsläppsnivåerna fortsätter att öka och en klimatförändring vid det här laget är oundviklig. I städer världen över syns en trend där tidigare industrihamnar omvandlas till områden med vattennära bebyggelse. För att hantera översvämningsrisken är det vanligt att olika typer av översvämningsskydd byggs, till exempel vallar och dammar. Forskning visar att sådana typer av skydd tenderar att leda till minskad riskuppfattning och en slags falsk trygghet som leder till ökad exploatering i översvämningshotade områden. Detta påverkar samhällens resiliens negativt och kan leda till förödande konsekvenser om skydden ger vika. Syftet med studien är att bidra till kunskap om hur klimatanpassningsåtgärder för översvämningar påverkar samhällens resiliens och att undersöka relationen mellan hantering av översvämningsrisk och utveckling av bebyggelse i urban miljö. Avsikten är att detta ska kunna stödja framtida utformande av klimatanpassningsåtgärder för att göra dem så ändamålsenliga som möjligt. Studien genomförs som en kvalitativ fallstudie av Arvika kommuns hantering av översvämningsrisk. Empirin består av utvalda dokument från kommunen samt intervjuer med representanter från räddningstjänst, länsstyrelse och myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap. Materialet bearbetas med hjälp av innehållsanalys och kopplas till teorier kring resiliens och riskhomeostas. I resultatet framgår att kunskapen kring översvämningsrisk innan en stor översvämning i kommunen var bristfällig och att översvämningsrisk dittills prioriterats bort i kommunens riskinventering. Efter händelsen har kunskapen ökat, samverkan mellan aktörer har förbättrats och arbetssätten hos räddningstjänsten har förändrats. Intervjuerna visar att synen på översvämningsskyddets påverkan på resiliensen är övervägande positiv och att skyddet ses möjliggöra för exploatering i stadens hamnområde, men att detta är behäftat med en viss osäkerhet.Climate change is a complex risk that entails new challenges for risk management. The risk of flooding increases as sea levels rise and rainfall and heavy rain become more frequent. The adaptation of communities to climate change is of the utmost importance, given that emission levels continue to increase and climate change at this stage is inevitable. In cities around the world, there is a trend where former industrial ports are being transformed into areas with waterfront buildings. To manage the risk of flooding different types of flood protection are built, for example levees, dikes and dams. Research shows that such types of protection tend to lead to reduced risk perception and a false sense of security which in turn results in increased exploitation of flood-threatened areas. This has a negative effect on the resilience of societies and can lead to devastating consequences should the protection break. The aim of the study is to contribute to knowledge about how climate adaptation measures for floods affect community resilience and to investigate the relationship between flood risk management and the development of buildings in urban environments. The intention is that the findings of this study can work as support in future design of climate adaptation measures to make them more efficient. The study is carried out as a qualitative case study of Arvika municipality's management of flood risk. Data are collected from key municipal documents and semi-structured interviews with representatives from the communal emergency service, the county administrative board and The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. The material is divided into categories with the help of qualitative content analysis and are later discussed using theories about resilience and risk homeostasis. The results show that the knowledge about flood risk before a major event in the municipality was deficient and that the risk of flooding up to that point had been neglected in the municipality's risk inventory. After the incident, the knowledge has increased, collaboration between actors has improved and the working methods of the emergency service have changed. The interviews show that the view of the flood protection's impact on resilience is predominantly positive and that the protection is seen as enabling exploitation in the city's port area, but that this is subject to a certain degree of uncertainty.
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Giuliano, Cristina. "Modellazione numerica monodimensionale e bidimensionale per la valutazione del rischio idraulico lungo il fiume Po." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Lo sviluppo socio–economico avvenuto negli ultimi decenni in molte zone incluse nel bacino idrografico del fiume Po ha indubbiamente concorso ad una rinnovata attenzione sulle nuove iniziative normative e sulle diverse, e più innovative, pratiche di pianificazione per la valutazione quanto–qualitativa del rischio idraulico residuale. L’obiettivo perseguito in questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di realizzare un modello capace di riprodurre la complessità spazio–temporale con cui fenomeni di piena al limite della prevedibilità evolvono nel tratto medio–inferiore del fiume Po (geometria monodimensionale) e di descrivere le dinamiche di allagamento nei aree esterne al sistema arginale (Fascia C; geometria quasi bidimensionale o bidimensionale). Le simulazioni svolte con il codice numerico HEC–RAS 5.0.3 prendono in riferimento le attuali prestazioni del sistema arginale, sia in assenza di interventi, sia a seguito di opere di consolidamento. I risultati evidenziando come la scelta modellistica utilizzata per rappresentare le aree di fascia C (ovvero aree 2D o quasi-2D) incide sul moto dell’acqua in tali zone e, dunque, anche sulla propagazione della piena verso valle: influenza il numero di comparti allagati, l’estensione delle aree urbane ed industriali esposte a rischio, le potenziali perdite di vite umane, i massimi livelli idrici raggiunti e i danni inferti agli edifici. La modellazione bidimensionale quando basata su DEM ad elevata risoluzione, come nel caso in esame (5m), delinea le reali complessità ed i punti di forza dell’area di studio, utili ad una coerente ed adeguata gestione dei volumi esondati.
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Persson, Åsa, and Bengt Sundberg. "Effekter av utbildning till personer som lever med epilepsi : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23959.
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Bakgrund: Att leva med epilepsi leder till ökad psykisk belastning. Personer med epilepsi har ofta bristande kunskap om sjukdomen och behovet av utbildning är stort. Personen behöver lära sig symtom och sätt att undvika situationer som kan trigga anfall. Vårdpersonal har en viktig roll när det gäller utbildning, rådgivning och stöd till personer med epilepsi och deras familjer. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva och utvärdera effekter av utbildning till personer med epilepsi och/eller dennes närstående. För att besvara detta valdes litteraturöversikt som metod bestående av vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Resultatet visade att det framgångsrikt går att utbilda personer och/eller dess närstående i kunskap om epilepsi och egenvårdsförmåga. Livskvalitén för personer med epilepsi tycks dock inte påverkas av utbildning. Slutsatsen var att utbildning tycks ha en god effekt för personer med epilepsi avseende kunskap och egenvårdsförmåga. Vidare forskning med randomiserad, kontrollerade studier med större urval skulle vara av stort värde för att öka kunskapen om effekter av utbildning vid epilepsi ytterligare.Background: Living with epilepsy leads to increased psychological stress. People with epilepsy often have insufficient knowledge about the disease and the need for education is essential. The person needs to learn the symptoms and ways to avoid exposing themselves to situations that may trigger seizures. Health professionals have an important role in education, counseling and support to people with epilepsy and their families. The aim of this literature overview was to describe and evaluate the effects of education to people with epilepsy and / or its family. To answer this, a literature overview was selected as a method consisting of scientific articles with a quantitative approach. The result showed that to educate individuals and / or its family in the knowledge of epilepsy and self-care ability could be successfully be carried out. Quality of life in people with epilepsy does not seem to get effect of patient education. The conclusion was that education seems to have positive effect for people with epilepsy on knowledge and self-care ability. Continued research with randomized, controlled trials with larger sample would be of great value to further increase the knowledge about the effects of education in people living with epilepsy.
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Lundh, Mattias. "Fem strategier för hantering av översvämningsrisker från havet : En beskrivande fallstudie av Falsterbonäset, Vellinge kommun." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker, CSR (från 2020), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85387.
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Bakgrund: Globalt sett är översvämningar, näst efter stormar, den naturfara som orsakar mest ekonomisk skada. Inom Europeiska unionen (EU) fick översvämningar ett ökat fokus efter att Europa under 2002 drabbades av stora översvämningar. Mot denna bakgrund lanserades i oktober 2012 det EU-finansierade projektet STAR-FLOOD. Projektet mynnade ut i en guidebok för hur översvämningsrisker kan hanteras. I guideboken, skriven av Raadgever m.fl. (2016) rekommenderas en blandning av strategier (diversifiering), för hanteringen av översvämningsrisker. Inom EU har översvämningsrisker traditionellt hanterats genom fysiska skydd, vilket bara är en av flera strategier. I Sverige hanteras översvämningar främst i den akuta fasen och genom privata försäkringar. Översvämningsskydd har först på senare tid fått allt större betydelse för hur översvämningar hanteras i Sverige, något som kan exemplifieras genom den vall som ska byggas på Falsterbonäset i Vellinge kommun i sydvästra Skåne. Det finns en paradox med den typen av strukturella översvämningsskydd och det är att skydden faktiskt kan öka översvämningsrisken. Paradoxen kallas för levé-effekten och innebär att strukturella översvämningsskydd kan leda till en falsk trygghet hos dem som bor i det skyddade området. En diversifierad strategi för hantering av översvämningsrisker kan däremot minska risken för att levé-effekten uppstår. Syfte: Att studera i vilken mån en diversifierad strategi kan spåras i fallet med det planerade översvämningsskyddet på Falsterbonäset. Metod: En beskrivande fallstudie av hur översvämningsrisker från havet hanteras på Falsterbonäset. Materialet har i huvudsak samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserats med riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Som komplement till intervjuerna har även annat material analyserats, främst kommundokument. Den teori som studien grundas på är levé-effekten och teorin om riskhomeostas. Resultat: Mot bakgrund av guideboken skriven av Raadgever m.fl. (2016) är det möjligt för Vellinge kommun att vidta fler strategier för att minska sannolikheten för och konsekvenserna av översvämningar på Falsterbonäset. Exempelvis hade det varit möjligt att begränsa utvecklingen i det skyddade området och ställa tydliga krav på plushöjder för nybyggnation. Samtidigt har kommunens strategi aldrig varit så diversifierad som nu med anledning av det kommande översvämningsskyddet. Avslutningsvis finns det vissa indikationer på att en levé-effekt kan uppstå.Background: In a global perspective are floods, after storms, the natural hazard that causes the most economic damage. Within the European Union (EU), floods gained increased focus after Europe was hit by major floods in 2002. Because of this, the EU-funded project STAR-FLOOD was launched in October 2012. Among other things, the project resulted in a guidebook for how flood risks can be managed. The guidebook, written by Raadgever et.al. (2016), recommends a mix of strategies (diversification) for the management of flood risks. Within the EU, flood risks have traditionally been managed through structural protection, being just one of several strategies. In Sweden, floods are managed mainly in the acute phase and through private insurance. Flood protection has recently become increasingly important for how floods are handled in Sweden, which can be exemplified by the levee that is to be built on Falsterbonäset in Vellinge municipality in Skåne. However, there is a paradox with this type of structural flood protection, and it is that these can increase the risk of flooding. The paradox is called the levee effect and means that structural flood protection can lead to a false sense of security in those who live in the protected area. A diversified strategy for managing flood risks can reduce the risk of the levee effect. Purpose: Study to which extent a diversified strategy can be traced in the case of structural protection that is planned structural on Falsterbonäset. Method: A descriptive case study of how flood risks from the sea are managed on Falsterbonäset. The material has mainly been collected through qualitative interviews which have then been analysed with a directed qualitative content analysis. As a complement to the interviews, other material has also been analysed, mainly municipal documents. The theory on which the study is based, is the levee effect and the theory of risk homeostasis. Results: Based on the guidebook by Raadgever et.al. (2016), it is possible for Vellinge municipality to do more to reduce the probability and the consequences of floods on Falsterbonäset. For example, it would have been possible to limit the development in the protected area and set clear requirements for heights for new buildings. At the same time, the municipality's strategy has never been as diversified as it is now, due to the forthcoming flood protection. However, there are some indications of conditions for a levee effect to occur.
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Zerabruk, MA. "Repair of sub-lethal damage following single and split-dose irradiation using 60co-gamma and p(66)Be neutrons." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1504.
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Thesis (MTech Biomedical Technology)--Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town, 2005In clinical radiotherapy, experiments are performed to determine optimal conditions of the radiation prior to radiotherapy. These experiments focus on the relative biological effectivness(RBE) determination and are predominantly applied in high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations i.e. fast neutrons, as the RBE values for such radiations vary greatly. In general, the RBE of a certain radiation relative to a given reference radiation flCo gamma) varies widely with the energy, dose, dose rate, fractionation, type of tissue and end-point used. Experience with neutron therapy at iThemba LABS has shown that treatment with more fractions and lower doses per fraction may be beneficial for some patients. To calculate the iso-effective treatment dose needed, an appropriate alp ratio for early effects is needed. In this study, the repair of mouse jejunum was measured for split-dose irradiations to determine if a suitable alP ratio for neutrons could be estimated using the known value for gamma rays and the applicable RBE.. Crypt stem cell survival was measured 3.5 days after split-dose exposures to p(66)/Be neutrons and 6OCo gamma rays. Dose response curves for both treatment modalities and for both acute and fractionated exposures were constructed by counting crypts of Leiberkhiin at the base of the villi in haematoxylin and Eosin-stained sections of mouse jejunum. Using a RBE value of 1.64 and an alP ratio of 7Gy noted for tbe fractionated photon exposures, an alP ratio of 11.5 IV could be estimated for neutrons.
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Pline, Kevin Michael. "Effects of Lumbar Extensor Fatigue on Ankle Joint Motion Sense and Prolonged Effect on Postural Sway." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42500.
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Falls from heights are a major concern in the occupational setting, and are often the result of a loss of balance. Lumbar extensor fatigue (LEF) increases postural sway which has been associated with degradations in balance. Study one focuses on the effects of fatiguing time and fatigue level on the duration of these increases in postural sway. Measures of postural sway were collected before fatigue and at 3 minute intervals for 30 minutes following fatigue. LEF had a significant effect on postural sway immediately following fatigue but this effect had only minor dependence on fatigue condition. During the 30 minutes following fatigue, the effects of fatiguing time and fatigue level became more apparent. Longer fatiguing time and higher fatigue levels resulted in significantly greater prolonged effects. While it is important to understand the immediate effect of LEF on sway, this study has demonstrated that the prolonged effect of such fatigue should be considered when addressing falls from heights.
Study two attempts to explain the increases in postural sway associated with LEF. The ankle plays a major role in upright standing and degradations in proprioception could contribute to increases in sway, thus the effect of LEF on ankle proprioception was studied. Additionally, the effect of circumferential ankle pressure (CAP) on ankle proprioception was assessed to evaluate it as a potential intervention to improve proprioception. Results showed that both LEF and CAP impaired proprioception. These results may help to explain observed increases in postural sway subsequent to LEF.Master of Science
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Tasci, Gulseren, and Tetyana Schönning. "Effekter av icke-farmakologiska metoder vid beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer som lever med Alzheimers sjukdom : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21673.
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Bakgrund: Alzheimers sjukdom (AD) är den vanligaste formen av demenssjukdomar och antalet människor som insjuknar i AD förväntas öka kraftigt med tiden. Dessutom kännetecknas personer med AD ofta av beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom (BPSD) som kan innefatta agitation, depression, vanföreställningar, oro, ångest, hallucinationer, sömnrubbningar, rastlöshet och apati. Dessa symtom kan orsaka lidande hos patienten och är svåra att hantera för både vårdgivaren och anhöriga, samt försvårar omvårdnadsarbetet. Syftet var att beskriva icke-farmakologiska metoder och effekter av dessa metoder vid omvårdnad av personer med Alzheimers sjukdom som har beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt bestående av 16 utvalda kvantitativa forskningsartiklar har genomförts. Artiklarna publicerades mellan år 2006-2016. Resultat. De studerade icke-farmakologiska metoderna var musikterapi, vissa typer av massage, reminiscence-terapi, vårdhundterapi och ljusterapi. Resultaten visade att icke-farmakologiska metoder kan ha en varierande effekt på BPSD. Litteraturöversikten visade att musikintervention var mest effektiv för att minska agitationsbeteende. Individualiserad musik i samband med speciella minnen minskade stress, fobier hos personer med svår demens. Intervention av handmassage, aromaterapi, taktil massage och terapeutisk beröring minskade aggression och agitationsbeteende. Vissa studier visade dock att fotmassageintervention och vårdhundterapi kunde öka verbal aggressivitet hos personer med demens, medan en annan studie visade att djurassisterade aktiviteter kunde minska nedstämdhet medan glädje och generell uppmärksamhet ökade. Effekten av ljusbehandling var förbättrad sömn, minskad depression, agitation och ätstörningar. Slutsats. Icke-farmakologiska metoder kan minska beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med Alzheimers sjukdom, dock med varierande effekt. De varierande resultaten kan tolkas som att icke-farmakologiska metoder bör individanpassas och att det behövs vidare forskning inom området.Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common of dementia and the number of people diagnosed with AD is expected to rise significantly over time. In addition, people diagnosed with AD often exhibit the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), which include agitation, depression, delusions, agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, sleep disturbances, anxiety and apathy. These symptoms can cause suffer to the patient and is difficult to manage for both the caregiver and family members, as well as hampers nursing. Aim: the aim was to describe non-pharmacological methods and effects of these methods when caring for people with Alzheimer's disease who have behavioural and psychological symptoms. Method: a literature review consisting of 16 selected quantitative research articles has been performed. The selected articles ware published between years 2006- 2016. Results: The studied non-pharmacological methods were: music therapy, certain types of massage, reminiscence therapy, dog therapy and light therapy. The results showed that non-pharmacological methods can have a varying effect on BPSD. The literature review showed that music intervention was most effective in reducing agitated behaviour. Individualized music in conjunction with special memories reduced stress, phobias for persons with severe dementia. The hand massage, aroma therapy, tactile massage and therapeutic touch decreased aggression and agitated behaviour. Some studies showed that foot massage intervention and dog therapy could increase the verbal aggression for people with dementia, while another study showed that animal-assisted activities could reduce depression and increase joy and general attention. The effect of light therapy was an improved sleep, decreased depression, agitation, and eating disorders. Conclusions: non-pharmacological nursing interventions can reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms for people with Alzheimer's disease, however, with varying effect. The varying results can be interpreted as following: nonpharmacological nursing interventions should be adapted in each individual case and that there is a need for further research in this area.
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Rossouw, Maria Susanna. "Validation of endpoints as biomarkers of low-dose radiation damage." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1461.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2004The need for radiobiological research was bom from the discovery that high doses of radiation could cause cancer and other health effects. However, recent developments in molecular biology uncovered the effects of low doses of radiation on different biological systems and as a result new techniques have been developed to measure these effects. The aim of this study was thus to validate biomarkers of initial DNA strand breaks, micronucleus formation, and the different pt ;ases of apoptosis as biological indicators of low-dose radiation damage. Furthermore, the difference in response of blood cells to different qualities and doses of radiation was investigated by irradiating cells with low- and high-LET radiation simultaneously. Blood from one donor was irradiated with doses between 0 and 4 Gy gamma- and neutron radiation. The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was performed on different cell preparations directly after irradiation for the detection of initial DNA strand breaks. Radiation-induced cytogenetic damage was investigated using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay while different features of apoptosis were investigated by measuring caspase activation, enzymatic DNA fragmentation, and cellular morphology. The comet assay was sensitive enough to detect DNA strand breaks above 0.25 Gy and showed that the Iymphocyte isolation process induced some endogenous damage in cells, detected by the formation of highly damaged cells and hedgehogs in isolated cell preparations only.
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Morgan, Michael. "Age-related differences in fraction comparison: A process level approach." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52202.
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This study is an investigation into the relationship between numeric cognition and aging. Specifically, older and younger adults engaged in an experimental protocol that allowed observation of number comparison accuracy and response time latencies associated with the SNARC effect, the distance effect, and number format.
The experimental protocol featured a computerized magnitude comparison task wherein the participants were prompted to identify the larger of two numbers. Half of the trials featured whole numbers and half featured fractions. The number stimuli were consistently mapped such that half of all trials were at near distance (i.e., difference of 2) or far distance (i.e., difference of 4) and half of all trials had the larger numerosity on the left side of space and the other half with the larger numerosity on the right side of space.
Older adults were significantly slower and less accurate than young adults. Both age groups were significantly slower and less accurate when comparing fractions as opposed to comparing whole numbers. The SNARC effect impaired accuracy in both age groups but did not significantly impact response times. The distance effect impacted both age cohorts in accuracy but differentially impacted older adult response times more than young adult response times.
The results of this study support the model of numeric cognition as an automatic process when comparing whole numbers at a far distance and this process is not disrupted by the SNARC effect but is when comparing whole numbers at near distance. The results also indicate that fraction comparison is a controlled process even when the fraction stimuli are consistently mapped. Further investigation is necessary to understand the amount of cognitive resources necessitated by fraction processing and if training can improve fraction comparison.
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Khong, Siong-Hee. "Functional heterointerfaces via electromodulation spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226748.
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Functional heterojunctions in organic electronic devices are interfaces formed either between a conducting electrode and an organic semiconductor or between two different organic semiconductors in blended and multilayered structures. This thesis is primarily concerned with the energy level alignment and the interfacial electronic structures at functional heterojunctions encountered in electronic devices made with solution-processable semiconducting polymers. Investigations on the electronic structures across these heterointerfaces are performed with the combined use of electromodulation and photoemission spectroscopic techniques. Electromodulation and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic techniques enable direct determination of the surface work functions of electrodes at the electrode/semiconducting polymer interfaces. We overcame the inherent problems faced by electromodulation spectroscopy, which undermine accurate determination of interfacial electronic structures, by performing electroabsorption (EA) measurements at reduced temperatures. We showed in this thesis that low-temperature EA spectroscopy is a surface sensitive technique that can determine the interface electronic structures in electrode/polymer semiconductor/electrode diodes. Using this technique, we demonstrated that the energy level alignments in these solution-processed organic electronic devices are determined by the surface work functions of passivated metals rather than by those of clean metals encountered in ultrahigh vacuum. This thesis also discloses our studies on the electronic structures in polymeric diodes with type II donor-acceptor heterojunctions using the EA spectroscopy. We showed that minimising meausurement temperature and attenuating EA illumination intensity enable accurate determinations of the electronic structures in these devices. We demonstrated that the electronic structures and the performance characteristics of multilayered polymer light-emitting diodes are also determined by the surface work functions of passivated metals. Our investigations confirm that electronic doping of the organic active layers, rather than minimisation of the Schottky barriers at electrode/polymer contacts, holds the key in realising high-performance organic light-emitting devices.
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May, Bruce Matthew. "Elementary Logic as a Tool in Proving Mathematical Statements." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1025_1263170321.
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The findings of the study indicate that knowledge of logic does help to improve the ability of students to make logical connections (deductions) between and from
statements. The results of the study, however, do not indicate that knowledge and understanding of logic translates into improved proving ability of mathematical
statements by students.
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Scott, Beth Emily. "Oceanographic factors affecting the catchability of Pacific Ocean perch, Sebastes alutus (Gilbert)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29875.
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A main concern in fisheries science has been to identify an accurate index of fish abundance. An underlying paradigm in the science has been that the amount of effort (calculated in hours and standardized for boat size) spent fishing was the best variable to be used to account for the variation in catches. The use of the ratio, catch per unit of effort (cpue), assumes that variations in fish abundance are due to human-controlled processes above the ocean's surface. It does not account for variation due to oceanographic processes that affect fish behaviour and movement patterns below the ocean's surface.
This study investigated the possibility that oceanographic factors such as temperature, salinity and depth could have effects on the variations observed in the apparent abundance of a demersal rockfish, Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus. Gilbert). Simultaneous monitoring of physical variables and fish abundance estimation was achieved by attaching oceanographic equipment to the fishing gear of commercial vessels, monitoring the acoustic equipment and sampling the fish catch. It was found that Perch prefer a temperature range from 6.7 °C, down to at least 4.8 °C and that their movement patterns are linked to the movement of these temperatures by coastal wind patterns. Perch prefer areas with steep bathymetry, characterized by frontal activity due to interactions between the local bathymetry and tidal currents.
Concerns that sampling only from highly successful commercial vessels may have biased abundance estimates, prompted the analysis of historical records of fish catch and government research surveys. Analyses between different boat sizes, different areas and different seasons from the original historical data base and a corrected subset revealed that it was mainly differences between areas that was responsible for the biasing of estimates. Deeper areas predictably produced more fish for all sizes of boats, but were fished more often by the larger boats used in the study. Therefore the field abundance estimates are likely to be biased towards areas of larger perch concentrations.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Jung, Seung-Yong. "The Vroman effect: a molecular level description of fibrinogen displacement." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1577.
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Investigations of specific and nonspecific interactions of biomolecules at liquid/solid interfaces are presented. To investigate specific multivalent ligand-receptor interactions, bivalent antibodies and haptens bound to solid supported membrane were used as models for ligand-receptor coupling. Novel microfabrication strategies, which included spatially addressed bilayer arrays and heterogeneous microfluidic assays, in conjunction with total internal reflection microscopy, was employed to achieve this goal. These high throughput techniques allow thermodynamic data of binding interactions to be acquired with only a few microliters of analyte and superior signal to noise. The results yield both the first and second dissociation constant for bivalent IgG antibodies with membrane bound hapten molecules. Studies were conducted both as a function of hapten density and cholesterol content in the membrane.
Another research area of this dissertation is the molecular level description of nonspecific adsorption and displacement of the model protein, fibrinogen, onto hydrophilic surfaces. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy, immunochemical assays, fluorescence microscopy, and vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy were employed to probe this system. The results demonstrate that the protein's αC domains play the critical role. When fibrinogen is adsorbed to a hydrophilic surface via these moieties, its displacement rate in the presence of human plasma is approximately 170 times faster than when these domains are not in direct surface contact. Even more significantly, spectroscopic studies show evidence for highly aligned Arg and Lys residues interacting with the negatively charged substrate only when the αC domains make direct surface contact. The interfacial ordering of these residues appears to be the hallmark of a weak and labile electrostatic attraction between the substrate and the adsorbed macromolecule.
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Alvarado, Chacón Fresia. "Ion induced radiation damage on the molecular level." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/305192396.
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Collet, Anne-Claire. "Implication relative des traits de haut niveau et de bas niveau des stimuli dans la catégorisation, chez l'homme et le singe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30118/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes proposé d'explorer les contributions relatives des caractéristiques de haut et de bas niveau des stimuli dans la catégorisation d'objet. Ce travail comporte trois études, chez l'homme et le singe. L'originalité de cette thèse réside donc dans la construction des stimuli. Notre première étude a visé à caractériser les corrélats neuraux de la reconnaissance d'images chez le singe en ECoG. Pour cela nous avons développé un protocole de catégorisation où les stimuli étaient des séquences visuelles dans lesquelles les contours des objets (information sémantique, caractéristique de haut niveau) étaient modulés cycliquement grâce à la technique SWIFT (créée par Roger Koenig et Rufin VanRullen) alors que la luminance, les contrastes et les fréquences spatiales (caractéristiques de bas niveau) étaient conservées. Grâce à une analyse en potentiels évoqués, nous avons pu mettre en évidence une activité électrophysiologique tardive en " tout ou rien " spécifique de la reconnaissance de la cible de la tâche par le singe. Mais parce que les objets sont rarement isolés en conditions réelles, nous nous sommes penchés dans une deuxième étude sur l'effet de congruence contextuelle lors de la catégorisation d'objets chez l'homme et le singe. Nous avons comparé la contribution du spectre d'amplitude d'une transformée de Fourier à cet effet de congruence chez ces deux espèces. Nous avons révélé une divergence de stratégie, le singe semblant davantage sensible à ces caractéristiques de bas niveau que l'homme. Enfin dans une dernière étude nous avons tenté de quantifier l'effet de congruence sémantique multisensorielle dans une tâche de catégorisation audiovisuelle chez l'homme. Dans cette étude nous avons égalisé un maximum de paramètres de bas niveau dans les deux modalités sensorielles, que nous avons toujours stimulées conjointement. Dans le domaine visuel, nous avons réutilisé la technique SWIFT, et dans le domaine auditif nous avons utilisé une technique de randomisation de snippets. Nous avons pu alors constater un gain multisensoriel important pour les essais congruents (l'image et le son désignant le même objet), s'expliquant spécifiquement par le contenu sémantique des stimuli. Cette thèse ouvre donc de nouvelles perspectives, tant sur la cognition comparée entre homme et primate non humain que sur la nécessité de contrôler les caractéristiques physiques de stimuli utilisés dans les tâches de reconnaissance d'objetsIn this thesis, we explored the relative contributions of high level and low level features of stimuli used in object categorization tasks. This work consists of three studies in human and monkey. The originality of this thesis lies in stimuli construction. Our first study aimed to characterize neural correlates of image recognition in monkey, using ECoG recordings. For that purpose we developped a categorization task using SWIFT technique (technique created by Roger Koenig and Rufin VanRullen). Stimuli were visual sequences in which object contours (semantic content, high level feature) were cyclically modulated while luminance, contrasts and spatial frequencies (low level features) remained stable. By analyzing evoked potentials, we brought to light a late electrophysiological activity, in an " all or none " fashion, specifically related to the target recognition in monkey. But because in real condition objects are never isolated, we explored in a second study contextual congruency effect in visual categorization task in humans and monkeys. We compared the contribution of Fourier transform amplitude spectrum to this congruency effect in the both species. We found a strategy divergence showing that monkeys were more sensitive to the low level features of stimuli than humans. Finally, in the last study, we tried to quantify multisensory semantic congruency effect, during a audiovisual categorization task in humans. In that experiment, we equalized a maximum of low level features, in both sensory modalities which were always jointly stimulated. In the visual domain, we used again the SWIFT technique, whereas in auditory domain we used a snippets randomization technique. We highlighted a large multisensory gain in congruent trials (i.e. image and sound related to the same object), specifically linked to the semantic content of stimuli. This thesis offers new perspectives both for comparative cognition between human and non human primates and for the importance of controlling the physical features of stimuli used in object recognition tasks
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Melnychenko, Andrea Natalie. "Interspecific variation in leaf-level biogenic emissions of the Bambuseae." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1031.
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Plants emit a diverse range of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) into the atmosphere, of which isoprene is the most abundantly emitted. Isoprene significantly affects biological and atmospheric processes, but the range of isoprene and BVOCs present in bamboos has not been well characterized. In this thesis I explore the range of isoprene emission found in bamboos and relate it to plant morphological and physiological characteristics. In addition, I measure and relate the entire suite of BVOCs present in the bamboos to their fundamental isoprene emission rate.
Interspecific variation in isoprene emission documented in a comprehensive survey of bamboos. Two groups of bamboo species were measured in the greenhouse and the field. Elevated photosynthetic rate was significantly correlated with isoprene emission. In the field, dark respiration rate was highest in bamboos that made the least amount of isoprene. The total BVOC suite was significantly influenced by whether or not leaf-level isoprene emission was present. I conclude that bamboos vary with regard to physiology, morphology, and total BVOC suite and that isoprene emission is correlated with these changes, and introduce the bamboos as a novel system for studying the impacts of isoprene emission.
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Cho, Sujung. "A Multi-Level Model of Personal Victimization Among South Korean Youths." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439562384.
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Bogan, Barry L. "Text-level effects of a word-level decoding accuracy and automaticity intervention." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006550.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and Frederick N. Martin. "The Occlusion Effect and Ear Canal Sound Pressure Level." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1582.
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Comparisons were made between changes in the audibility of bone-conduction stimuli to differences in the sound pressure present in the external auditory canal when ears were occluded. Fifteen listeners with normal middle ear function were tested using pure tones of 250, 500, and 1000 Hz, delivered via a bone-conduction oscillator placed on the mastoid process and the frontal bone. At all three frequencies, and both sites of stimulation, ear canal sound pressures were greater in the occluded than in the unoccluded conditions. Concurrently, the test signals were detected at lower intensities, although the changes in audibility and external canal sound pressure levels were not unity. The occlusion effect was attenuated slightly when the skull was vibrated from the frontal bone.
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Lau, Chuk-ping, and 劉祝屏. "The effect of antipsychotics on blood glucose level/lipid level of patients with mental illness." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206545.
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Objective
The study is to explore the relationship between antipsychotics and blood glucose level or lipid level of patients with mental illness in psychiatric outpatient clinic of Queen Mary Hospital.
Participants and Methods
Case reviews through Clinical Management System were carried out. Total 108 psychotic cases involved in the study. 24 were excluded as the patients did not have any treatment of antipsychotics. 84 patients were qualified for review. 40 females and 68 males involved. Their ages are between 13 and 68.
Patients’ demographics information, blood glucose level or lipid level were retrieved. Some important findings are also noted. Data collection carried in May 2014.
Results
There are no significant changes in fasting blood glucose or lipid level for either typical or atypical antipsychotics. We found that the frequency of checking blood glucose or lipid level was too low and not regular.
Risperidone and Olanzapine are the most commonly used in this psychiatric outpatient clinic. Moreover, 9 cases change from psychosis to Paranoid type schizophrenia. The most frequent diagnosis in the clinic is Paranoid type schizophrenia. 36 cases, one third of the samples, are diagnosed as Paranoid type schizophrenia.
Conclusions
Although we cannot conclude the effect of antipsychotics on blood glucose level or lipid level of patients with mental illness, there is an increasing concern about antipsychotics leading to metabolic problems through the case reviews. We suggest that routine physical health screening, guidelines setting up, predictors should be carried out in the clinic.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Parks, Kathrin Ann. "A formula for low achievement using multi-level models to understand the impact of individual level effects and school level effects on mathematics achievement /." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/172.
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Mubako, Grace Ngonidzashe. "THE EFFECTS OF CONTRASTS IN ACCOUNT-LEVEL FRAUD RISK ASSESSMENTS ON AUDITORS' EVIDENCE EVALUATION." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/577.
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Evidence from research in psychology and auditor judgment has shown that perceptions that form early in a sequential judgment process can influence subsequent judgments. Auditing Standard 12 requires auditors to identify fraud risk factors and assess the risk of fraud as part of the process of assessing overall misstatement risk. While it is expected that fraud risk assessments should have a bearing on overall risk assessments, it is possible that perceptions formed from assessments of fraud risk can negatively affect the evaluation of any evidence reviewed thereafter. Because different classes of transactions may be affected by fraud risk factors in different ways, fraud risk assessments may differ across classes of transactions. These differences may make subsequent auditor judgments susceptible to the contrast effects bias, where subjects overreact to the differences such that the fraud risk assessments influence auditor judgment more than they should. This study examines whether auditors who learn that fraud risk is low for one class of transactions immediately after examining a class of transactions that has high fraud risk, can overreact to the contrast such that they reduce their sensitivity to evidence that suggests increased misstatement risk. The study also examines whether these contrast effects can be mitigated by acquiring information about fraud risk assessments later in the sequence of evidence, after auditors have reviewed and assimilated evidence related to other risks. The study finds that, as predicted, auditor judgments are influenced by contrast effects. Auditors who examined classes of accounts for which fraud risk assessments were different were less sensitive to evidence suggesting increased risk in accounts that had been identified as having low fraud risk. However, contrary to predictions, these contrast effects were not mitigated by evidence order.
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Barros, Ana Rodrigues. "Tributyltin (TBT) effects at a vascular level." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16393.
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Mestrado em Toxicologia e EcotoxicologiaOrganotins are an important class man made organometallic compounds and tributyltin (TBT) is one of the most studied chemicals within this class. TBT is a potent endocrine disruptor being also considered as an obesogenic, immunotoxic and neurotoxic compound. Humans were exposed to this and other organotin compounds as a consequence of their widespread commercial applications including plastic stabilizers, catalytic agents and industrial biocides. Their utilization as catalytic agents in the production of silicones leads to the presence of these chemicals in silicone based products including those used in biomedical applications such as breast implants and cardiac valves which may constitute a potential source of exposure. According to the World Health Organization cardiovascular diseases are sharply increasing and constitute the prime cause of death globally. Taking this into account, regulatory agencies, recommend the study of organotin compounds toxicity. Considering the limited number of studies on the cardiovascular effects of organotins, the present thesis aims to elucidate the effects of TBT at the vascular level. The study of TBT effect on the contractility of rat artery (aorta) was performed by the organ bath technique and the L-type calcium channels in A7r5 (cell line derived from the smooth muscle of embryonic rat aorta) was measured by whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. The obtained results demonstrated that TBT seems to relax the rat aorta without endothelium contracted by noradrenaline and potassium chloride but this effect is not significantly different from the respectively ethanol control. The electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of the calcium current by the L-type calcium channels in the A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells was also not significantly different, which suggests that probably the mode of action of TBT is more complex and involves other pathways.
Os compostos orgânicos de estanho são uma importante classe de compostos organometálicos produzidos pelo homem, e o tributilestanho (TBT) é um dos químicos mais estudados dentro desta classe. O TBT atua como um potente disruptor endócrino, sendo também considerado como um composto obesogénico, imunotóxico e neurotóxico. A exposição humana a este e outros compostos orgânicos de estanho deve-se à sua vasta utilização em aplicações comerciais como estabilizadores de plásticos, agentes catalíticos e biocidas industriais. A sua utilização como agentes catalíticos na produção de silicones faz com que estes compostos estejam presentes em vários produtos à base de silicone, incluindo os usados em aplicações biomédicas como implantes mamários e válvulas cardíacas, o que pode constituir uma fonte potencial de exposição para os humanos. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, as doenças cardiovasculares estão a aumentar e são consideradas como a principal causa de morte a nível mundial. Tendo isto em conta, as agências reguladoras recomendam o estudo da toxicidade dos compostos orgânicos de estanho. Considerando o número limitado de estudos sobre os efeitos cardiovasculares dos compostos orgânicos de estanho, o presente trabalho pretende elucidar os efeitos do TBT ao nível vascular. Os efeitos do TBT na contractilidade de artérias de rato (aorta) foram estudados pela técnica do banho de órgãos e a medição dos canais de cálcio tipo L foi realizada em A7r5 (linha celular de músculo liso vascular derivada de aorta embrionária de rato) através da técnica do patch clamp na configuração whole cell. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o TBT parece induzir relaxamento nas artérias sem endotélio contraídas previamente com noradrenalina e com cloreto de potássio, mas esse efeito não é significativamente diferente do controlo de solvente usado. Nas experiências de eletrofisiologia a inibição das correntes de cálcio através dos canais de cálcio tipo L nas células A7r5 também não mostrou ser significativamente diferente do controlo, o que parece demonstrar que o modo de ação pelo qual o TBT induz efeito nas células vasculares é mais complexo e envolve outras vias.
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Rundqvist, Konrad. "Side effects of level dependent hearing protectors." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82150.
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Hearing protectors are used in noisy environments to attenuate damaging soundlevels. Problems are reported to arise from using hearing protectors, since usefulsounds also are attenuated. Not only are sound levels attenuated, but other humanabilities are affected by hearing protectors, such as the ability to identify and localizesounds. Manufacturers of hearing protectors also develop level-dependent hearingprotectors that are supposed to create a better listening experience for the user thandoes passive hearing protectors. This thesis investigates how the ability to identifysound is affected by hearing protectors in the Swedish processing industry and towhat extent level-dependent hearing protectors improve the user’s ability to identifysound. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by asking questions based on theprojects research questions and theories found from a literary study. A questionnairewas sent out with similar questions for verification purposes. The current literatureshows that the human ability to identify sound deteriorates by the occlusion from hearing protectors. Indications are such that hearing protectors with a level-dependent function deteriorate the ability less than does passive protectors. The relevance of this in the processing industry does not seem to be very palpable. Usersindicate that it would be dangerous for this ability to be deteriorated in theworkplace and that level-dependent hearing protectors does a better job apreserving sound identification than passive protectors, but their soundidentification ability is not deteriorated enough by passive hearing protectors forproblems to arise.
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Chawla, Arunish. "Firm level effects of foreign investment policy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2943/.
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In this thesis I investigate how the FDI Policy environment affects certain aspects of firm behaviour. First, I introduce the option value of foreign direct investment into a framework of Dixit-Stiglitz type monopolistic competition. Starting from a pure trading equilibrium and solving for the optimal foreign investment rule gives a scale-up factor, which implies existence of a wedge between mark-up revenues and foreign investment costs. Greater volatility and risk aversion increase this scale-up over foreign investment costs implying a delay in the exercise of FDI option. The model is extended to include a Poisson jump process, which has policy implications for FDI reforms. This model explains 'wait and watch' behaviour of multinational firms better than a pure comparative advantage-trade cost framework does. Second, I develop a model of firm heterogeneity with market power. Mark-ups are endogenous and responsive to toughness of market competition. It brings out potential gains in market power and profits as an additional reason for undertaking FDI in addition to reasons already enshrined in the literature as proximity-concentration trade-off. The model is used to analyse the interaction between profit maximizing behaviour of multinational firms and the welfare maximizing objective of the central planner. FDI is not an unambiguously welfare improving proposition. While multinational firms gain profits, host and home country may gain or lose welfare depending on how returns from foreign investment are distributed among the residents of the home and the host economies. Third, I analyse the relationship between foreign investment policy and manufacturing firms' performance as estimated by multi-factor productivity against the backdrop of Indian liberalisation of the 1990's. Using a firm-year panel from 1989 to 2004, I obtain consistent estimates of firm's production functions and controlling for industrial delicensing and trade reforms, estimate the effect of foreign investment policy on measured productivity of manufacturing firms. I find liberalisation of foreign investment regime has significantly improved manufacturing firms' performance in India over this period. A particularly interesting feature of India's foreign investment regime has been encouraging adoption of foreign technology by domestic firms, while at the same time opening up these industry sectors to foreign direct investment. These two elements of the foreign investment regime have actually been complementary to each other.
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Gregory, Justin P. "Exploring counterintuitiveness : template- and schema-level effects." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c6c07539-c3b2-4a7a-bc44-6929c8ade984.
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Pascal Boyer’s theory of counterintuitive cultural representations asserts that concepts that violate developmentally natural intuitive knowledge structures demand more attention and are more transmittable than other concepts (Boyer and Ramble 2001: 535-64). Grounded in an empirically justified framework of ontological domain knowledge, counterintuitive representations have been identified across human cultures as consistently prevalent in religious beliefs and widely known folktales. Indeed, the ubiquity of counterintuitive representations of supernatural agents in world religions has led some to reason that its presence is a defining factor of “religion” (Atran 2002; Boyer 1994, 2001; Brown 1991; Pyysiäinen, Lindeman and Honkela 2003). The theory has attracted considerable attention from scholars. Boyer discussed and predicted the mnemonic advantages of culturally “familiar” counterintuitive representations (Boyer 2001: 58-105), yet this integral aspect has been poorly investigated, especially because subsequent free-recall studies have focused on novel representations that similarly violate assumptions about our intuitive ontologies. These studies have suffered from a variety of other shortcomings: small sample sizes that poorly represent population demographics and age ranges (most recruited university students); limited investigation of different modes of cultural transmission (most centred on written stimuli); emphasis on free recall at the expense of other measures of memory; and incomplete research into interactions of schema-level effects (e.g. positive and negative emotion, imagery, humour, and inferential potential) on the memorability of counterintuitive ideas. Although the theory claims universality across human cultures, purported differences between holistic and analytic types of cognition suggest that it is likely that East Asians process counterintuitive ideas differently from Westerners. But until this dissertation no data had yet been collected in East Asia. Hence, a large age-representative sample (N = 940), for three studies in both the UK and China, was used to investigate the interaction of template- and schema-level effects for wider forms of transmission biases endemic to cultural groups. The investigation comprised the interaction of the mnemonic effects of familiarity and counterintuitiveness and the impact of schema-level effects, employing a mixing of presentation media (Study #1), template-level preferences when generating schema-level ideas (Study #2), and transmission advantages for supernatural agents (Study #3). Study #1 consisted of two free-recall experiments: a minimal condition (subject-predicate statement) and elaborated condition (additional descriptive elements) of stimuli structure. The results were analysed by hierarchical linear model (HLM), with familiarity, counterintuitiveness, and delay as 2-level fixed factors, and age and schema-level effects as covariates. The findings revealed mixed support for predictions of the typical formulation of Boyer’s hypothesis. However, subsequent analyses revealed a significant interaction of counterintuitiveness x age and of counterintuitiveness x familiarity, for all conditions and cultural sites. Schema-level effects were also found to predict recall rate. Study #2 investigated template-level biases in a statement generation task. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) considering counterintuitiveness and the covariate of age revealed that children are significantly more likely to author counterintuitive ideas than older adults, in both UK and China. Study #3 (comparable in design to Study #1) found a significant interaction of counterintuitiveness x ontological category, revealed to be due to participants’ better recall rates, at both locations, for counterintuitive concepts belonging to the ontological category PERSONS. In summary, it appears that the counterintuitive effect is not as straightforward as it has been thought to be, and requires further theoretical development and empirical research to improve understanding about the interactive role of age, schema-level effects, and ontological category in the transmission and cultural epidemiology of such representations.
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Ko, Dong Woo. "Temporal distance and the endowment effect." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2547.
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The endowment effect occurs when owners assign more value to the products they own than do non-owners to the same products. Research on the endowment effect has identified factors that enhance or mitigate the effect, such as the duration of ownership, as well as information processing differences between sellers and buyers. However, these studies have primarily involved immediate transactions between sellers and buyers. An interesting question emerges as to whether the endowment effect will be observed for temporally distant transactions.
The main purpose of the first two studies is to examine how the temporal distance from transactions influences customers' evaluations of products by comparing buyers' willingness to pay and sellers' willingness to accept in the present and future. Despite the fact that consumers often collect information today about product or services that will be consumed in the future, such as window shopping or looking at houses or cars for a future purchase, a limited number of endowment studies have considered the temporal effect on willingness to pay and willingness to accept. More specifically, studies 1, 2, and 3 find that the endowment effect disappears as temporal distance from the transaction increases. Study 2 and 3 demonstrates that when the transaction is expected to occur in the near future, sellers focus on their products, while buyers focus on their money. These different cognitive perspectives affect price gaps between sellers and buyers. Specifically study 2 demonstrates that when events are in the distant future, sellers' and buyers' cognitive perspectives change, and the endowment effect is eliminated. In study 3, the effects of role and time on memory trace and information structure were investigate to investigate the salience differences in transaction. Finally, the underlying psychological and temporal mechanism driving the salience differences investigated in study 4-a and 4-b.
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Andersen, Even. "Multiple Holdup Solutions and the Effect of Interface Level Gradients." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18808.
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Simulations on liquid loads and flow rates which the Taitel-Dukler model predicts to have multiple solutions have been performed with ANSYS Fluent and LedaFlow. Both steady state and transient results in one, two and three dimensional flows are reported in this work. The hypothesis that the holdup of a pipe operated in the multiple solution region will be determined by the downstream holdup is investigated. Some results indicate that the hypothesized interface level gradients effects are correct.The Fluent steady state simulations had mass imbalance issues in addition to being both grid and geometry dependent, but produced results consistent with the independent Fluent transient simulations. The one dimension LedaFlow solver illustrated the effect shear stress modeling have on the multivalued solution region. The solver chose the intermediate solution for some flow rates, which by physical arguments can be excluded. The novel solver LedaFlow Q3D produced transient results displaying the wavy surface of the high holdup solutions. The results from the different models are deviating, but it is hard to predict which results are most the accurate since no comparison with experimental results have been conducted.
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Grodek, Kristen Ashley. "The Effect of Sound Pressure Level Variation on Aerodynamic Measures." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1239321162.
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Siegel, Jessica Lynn. "A Multi-level Model Examining the Effects of Unit-level Culture on Abusive Supervision." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203029.
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This study examines the effects of unit-level culture on abusive supervision. Utilizing Baumeister and colleagues' (2000) self-regulatory resource depletion model as an explanatory framework, I argue that aggressive unit-level culture will increase the incidence of abusive supervision, whereas people- and team-oriented unit-level cultures will decrease the incidence of abusive supervision. In line with these arguments, I then examine the degree to which those effects are mediated by ego depletion. In sum, I argue that aggressive unit-level culture will increase, while people- and team-oriented cultures will reduce, the amount of supervisor ego depletion, which then increases the incidence of abusive supervision. Using Hobfoll et al.'s (1990) Social Support Resource Theory, I further argue that the relationship between unit-level culture and ego depletion is moderated by supervisor home social support. I tested my model using a sample of 340 nurses and 52 nursing directors working in a large hospital system in the Southwestern United States. I was unable to demonstrate support for my model as hypothesized. However, I am able to contribute to the literature concerning antecedents to abusive supervision by showing that alternative conceptualization of culture impact abusive supervision. Further, I show that aggressive norms mediate the relationship between aggressive culture and abusive supervision. I also contribute to the literature examining resource depletion in the workplace by demonstrating the buffering role of supervisor home social support on ego depletion. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Ward, Jessica MacKay. "Community-level effects of nonindigenous aquatic ecosystem engineers." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92244.
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Vorrath, Till. "Dissipation induced collective effects in two-level systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969290047.
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D'Entremont, Hélène. "Temperature effects on Biolog community level physiological profiles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62341.pdf.
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Kunz, David Brinson Mark. "Ecological effects of rising sea level on shorezone." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2237.
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Murnane, Owen D., and J. K. Kelly. "Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions: Effects of Stimulus Level." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1915.
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Mayer, Sebastian. "Effects of mutations on p53 level in cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614032.
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Decker, Katelyn. "Effects of Gambling Outcomes on Level of Impulsivity." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2018.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Katelyn Louise Decker, Master of Science Degree in Behavior Analysis and Therapy, presented on April 30, 2015, at Southern Illinois University TITLE: EFFECTS OF GAMBLING OUTCOMES ON LEVEL OF IMPULSIVITY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Mark R. Dixon The effects of exposure to winning and losing gambling outcomes on levels of impulsivity among non-gamblers were investigated in a within-subjects experimental design with randomization of treatment phases. Participants included 20 non-gamblers (10 male, 10 female), 18 years or older, selected from a sample of 40 volunteers who completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (Lesieur & Blume, 1987) and received a score of 0, indicating no predictors of potential pathological gambling. Dependent measures of levels of impulsivity were recorded using an abbreviated version of the delayed discounting questionnaire described by Dixon et al. (2003). Derived k-values were calculated by fitting indifference points at each delay to the hyperbolic equation proposed by Mazur (1987) and average k-value was calculated for each participant across delays. Participants were exposed to both winning and losing outcomes by completing 25 trials within a slot-machine task programmed in Microsoft Visual Basic Express Edition 2008 (Maclin, et al., 2006, p. 127-154). Results were subjected to statistical analysis to determine whether a statistically significant, functional relationship existed between increases and decreases in level of impulsivity (k-value) in comparison to baseline. Across all participants, regardless of order of experimental conditions, results indicated a more than 26% decrease (-82.20-3133.33) in level of impulsivity (0-2.1694) following a losing outcome and a more than 24% decrease (-89.95-3300) in level of impulsivity (0-2.1694) following a winning outcome in comparison to baseline (0-2.3056). Results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to winning outcomes decrease impulsivity, but inconsistent with the hypothesis that exposure to losing outcomes increase impulsivity. Historical perspectives of pathological gambling, social impacts of gambling disorder, and trait and state-dependent perspectives of impulsivity are discussed. Potential implications for further research using delayed discounting measures are provided, as well as potential limitations of the present study. Keywords: gambling, impulsivity, delayed discounting, slot-machine, outcomes
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Breedon, Justine. "Emotional Labor Training| The Effect of Deep Level Acting Training on Deep Level Acting and Emotional Exhaustion." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1591327.
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The present study examined the effects of a deep level acting training program on deep level acting skills, emotional exhaustion and Kirkpatrick’s (1994) four levels of training effectiveness. By using Brothridge and Lee’s (2003) Emotional Labor Scale, the emotional exhaustion sub-scale from Maslach’s Burnout Inventory (1986) and several self created measures the hypothesis were evaluated. The results indicated that the deep level acting training program successfully increased participants’ deep level acting skills. The deep level acting training program did not decrease participants emotional exhaustion. Lastly, the hypotheses made pertaining to the four levels of training effectiveness were not supported. In the deep level acting training condition, posttest learning scores were not significantly correlated with post deep level acting scores and posttest learning scores were not significantly correlated with trainee reactions.
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Whitener, Benjamin Towson. "Effect of Water Levels and Beach Availability on Waterfront Homes." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1431178092.
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Alvarado, Karste Juan Diego. "Brand Rivalries and Their Effect on Consumer Choices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707232/.
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This dissertation extends our understanding of how rivalries are formed, what their antecedents are, and how and why they influence consumer choices. Furthermore, the psychological processes underlying the rivalry effects and the moderating effects of temporal focus are uncovered.
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Wang, Zhewei. "Punishment and accuracy level in contests." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4465.
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In the literature on contests, punishments have received much less attention than prizes. One possible reason is that punishing the bottom player(s) in a contest where all contestants are not allowed to quit, while effective in increasing contestants' total effort, often violates individual rationality constraints. But what will happen in an open contest where all potential contestants can choose whether or not to participate? In chapter 1, we study a model of this type and allow the contest designer to punish the bottom participant according to their performances. We conclude that punishment is often not desirable (optimal punishment is zero) when the contest designer wants to maximize the expected total effort, while punishment is often desirable (optimal punishment is strictly positive) when the contest designer wants to maximize the expected highest individual effort. In the literature on imperfectly discriminating contests, researchers normally assume that the contest designer has a certain level of accuracy in choosing the winner, which can be represented by the discriminatory power r in the Power Contest Success Function (the Power CSF, proposed by Tullock in 1980). With symmetric contestants, it is well known that increasing accuracy (r) always increases total effort when the pure-strategy equilibrium exists. In chapter 2, we look at the cases where the contestants are heterogeneous in ability. We construct an equilibrium set on r > 0, where a unique pure-strategy equilibrium exists for any r below a critical value and a mixed-strategy equilibrium exists for any r above this critical value. We find that if the contestants are sufficiently different in ability, there always exists an optimal accuracy level for the contest designer. Additionally, as we increase the difference in their abilities, the optimal accuracy level decreases. The above conclusions provide an explanation to many phenomena in the real world and may give guidance in some applications. In chapter 3, we propose the Power Contest Defeat Function (the Power CDF)which eliminates one player out at a time over successive rounds. We show that the Power CDF has the same good qualities as the Power Contest Success Function (the Power CSF) and is more realistic in some cases. We look at both the Power CSF mechanism (selecting winners in sequence) and the Power CDF mechanism (selecting losers in sequence) and show that punishments increase expected total e¤orts signi cantly. More interestingly, we also find that when the contestants' effort levels are different, the Power CDF mechanism is more accurate in finding the correct winner (the one who makes the greatest effort) and the Power CSF mechanism is more accurate in finding the correct loser (the one who makes the smallest effort).
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Kostek, Matthew Christopher. "Effects of low level resistance training on basal metabolism in currently active older men." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129633.
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The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) currently recommends 1 set of 8 - 12 repetitions as the minimal dose of resistance training (RT) required to achieve the health and fitness benefits gained from RT. Yet, certain benefits derived from resistance training are not mentioned by the ACSM. An increase in basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a possible health benefit derived from RT. However, no previous studies have examined the effect of the ACSM's current resistance training recommendations on BMR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if this low level of RT could increase BMR in currently active older men. Sixteen subjects were assigned to either a training group or control group for 10 weeks of training. The training group continued their current aerobic activity while adding 1 set of RT 2x/week as recommended by the ACSM. The control group continued their aerobic activity with no modifications. Measurements of strength, fat free mass (FFM), and BMR were made pre- and posttraining. The training group showed an increase in strength (P<0.05) while the control group did not change. The training and control groups showed no change in FFM or BMR (P<0.05). The strength increases reported in the current study were of expected values while FFM and BMR have not been previously examined with this protocol. It was concluded that 10 weeks of RT using 1 set of 8 - 12 repetitions does not increase BMR in currently active older men.School of Physical Education
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Gungoren, Savas. "The Effect Of Grade Level On Elementary School Students'." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610449/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study was twofold: first, to investigate the effect of grade level on students&rsquomotivational beliefs (self-efficacy, intrinsic value, mastery goals and performance goals) in science, and second to examine the relationships between students&rsquo
motivational beliefs and their science grades. The Turkish version of the Approaches to Learning Instrument (mastery goals and performance goals) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (self-efficacy and intrinsic value) were used as data collection instruments. The Turkish version of the Approaches to Learning Instrument (ALI) was adopted into Turkish and pilot tested with 390 elementary school students. The main study was applied to 900 elementary school students in Grades 6 through 8 from 5 randomly selected schools in Bolu. The data obtained from the measuring instruments were analyzed by using Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVA) and correlation analyses. Results of the analyses revealed that grade level has a significant effect on students&rsquo
motivational beliefs and as grade level increases student motivation in science declines. Accordingly, 6th grade students are found to be more self-efficacious in science and they show more intrinsic interest in science and study science course for the reasons of learning and mastering as well as showing their abilities to others compared to 7th grade and 8th grade students. Concerning the motivational level of 7 and 8 graders, results also showed that 7 graders&rsquo
motivational beliefs are more favorable than 8 graders. Moreover, results revealed significant positive relationships between all motivational belief variables and science grade in all grade levels except for the performance goal orientation. Additionally, significant positive relationships were found among all motivational belief variables.
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Lau, Sau-fan. "Effect of plasma endothelin-1 level on carotid intimal-medial thickness." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197112X.
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Lau, Sau-fan, and 劉秀芬. "Effect of plasma endothelin-1 level on carotid intimal-medial thickness." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197112X.
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Dusini, Douglas S. "The effect of Lake Erie water level variation on sediment resuspension." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1112041317.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Document formatted into pages; contains x, 80 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-80). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Smithdorf, Gareth. "Effect of tumble turns on swimming performance in level 3 swimmers." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6847.
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Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES)Swimming, as a sport, is constantly developing, both through the resources employed in training and assessment, and through the technological development of the fundamental aspects of swimming. In the freestyle events, swimmers spend between 38% and 50% of their competition time executing turns in short pool competitions over distances that vary from 50 m to 1500 m. The importance of the turn has been noted and analyzed for several decades, where it was found that the final turn velocity was second only to mid-pool swimming velocity for determining a medal finish in the men’s race. Due to the impact that the tumble turn has on swimming performance, the present study investigated the importance of the tuck index, foot-plant index and wall-contact time (WCT) on swimming performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the tuck index, foot-plant index, and WCT on the round trip time (RTT) in the tumble turn performance in level 3 swimmers in the freestyle swimming stroke. A quantitative cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in this study. A convenient sample of ten (10) swimmers were tested, five male and five female, all being level 3 swimmers affiliated to the high performance team of Swimming South Africa (SSA). Video analyses of the turns were recorded. Each subject performed thirty (30) trials, each consisting of a 50 m freestyle swim with flip turns at race pace. Descriptive statistics and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to analyse the data. A p-value of below 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The mean tuck index was 0.57 ± 0.14°. The mean foot-plant index was 0.45 ± 0.10 cm. The mean WCT was 74.31 ± 11.57 %. The mean RTT was 2.47 ± 0.40 s. A significant negative correlation was found between tuck index and RTT (r = -0.41; p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between foot-plant and WCT. Further regression analysis showed that the tuck index was a significant predictor of RTT (F = 21.745, p < 0.001). Following the freestyle tumble turn, the flutter kick technique remained the superior method of exiting the wall, based on the 5 m RTT. Therefore, the introduction of optimal turning practice for age-group swimmers is likely to result in significant reductions in turning times and should be noted by coaches and swimmers alike.
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Hutchison, Dougal. "The effect of group-level influences on pupils' progress in reading." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019778/.
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Suchomel, Timothy J., Kimitake Sato, Brad H. DeWeese, William P. Ebben, and Michael H. Stone. "Potentiation Following Ballistic and Nonballistic Complexes: The Effect of Strength Level." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4639.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal profile of strong and weak subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes. Eight strong (relative back squat = 2.1 ± 0.1 times body mass) and 8 weak (relative back squat = 1.6 ± 0.2 times body mass) males performed squat jumps immediately and every minute up to 10 minutes following potentiation complexes that included ballistic or nonballistic concentric-only half-squat (COHS) performed at 90% of their 1 repetition maximum COHS. Jump height (JH) and allometrically scaled peak power (PPa) were compared using a series of 2 × 12 repeated measures analyses of variance. No statistically significant strength level main effects for JH (p = 0.442) or PPa (p = 0.078) existed during the ballistic condition. In contrast, statistically significant main effects for time existed for both JH (p = 0.014) and PPa (p < 0.001); however, no statistically significant pairwise comparisons were present (p > 0.05). Statistically significant strength level main effects existed for PPa (p = 0.039) but not for JH (p = 0.137) during the nonballistic condition. Post hoc analysis revealed that the strong subjects produced statistically greater PPa than the weaker subjects (p = 0.039). Statistically significant time main effects existed for time existed for PPa (p = 0.015), but not for JH (p = 0.178). No statistically significant strength level × time interaction effects for JH (p = 0.319) or PPa (p = 0.203) were present for the ballistic or nonballistic conditions. Practical significance indicated by effect sizes and the relationships between maximum potentiation and relative strength suggest that stronger subjects potentiate earlier and to a greater extent than weaker subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes.
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Erskine, Brian Michael. "Postmodernist Pedagogy's Effect on Doctoral Level Political Theory Instruction and Curriculum." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32823.
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Among the 123 political science programs listed by the American Political Science Association that grant Ph.D.s in political science, only seven require every student to complete some sort of political theory or philosophy course. Eighty-one offer students the opportunity to select political theory or philosophy as a concentration. Most surprising, 39 programs advertise no courses in political theory or philosophy at all.
Political philosophy, at the doctoral level, is being treated as an optional option. Given these findings about the lack of political philosophy and theory at the doctoral level, the study of all things theoretical or philosophical seems to be overshadowed by other subfields of research. The not so subliminal message being sent by this sort of phenomenon is that some subfields of political science have a higher priority than others.
In addition to identifying the number of political science programs that require coursework in political theory, this thesis explores the shift of the political theory offered away from traditional philosophical foundations and toward a postmodern pedagogical approach. This type of pedagogy can have the secondary effect of devaluing traditional notions of teaching and learning in favor of collaborative learning and learner centered teaching. Following the movement to reform the educational system in France after the student riots of 1968, narratives of morality were replaced by the idea that such social constructs ought to be abandoned for a focus on individualism and intertexuality.Master of Arts