Relevant bibliographies by topics / Level liquid measurement

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Level liquid measurement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Level liquid measurement"

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Reshma, R., Uppu Ramachandraiah, K. R. Devabalaji, and R. Sitharthan. "Liquid metal level measurement techniques." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 937 (October 2, 2020): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/937/1/012027.

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Velt, I. D. "METHOD OF LIQUID METAL LEVEL MEASUREMENT." Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion 38, no. 1 (2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21517/0202-3822-2015-38-1-22-25.

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Wei, Wei, Hai Ying Jiang, Qin Jian Sun, Qiang Huang, and Zhi Wei Wang. "Real-Time System for Liquid Level Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.356.

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A small level measurement system is designed by installing a compact capacitive level sensor in the small container. By analyzing the capacitive sensor structure, a sensor measurement circuit is designed with high sensitivity, measuring stability and good repeatability. Capacitance measurement circuit makes use of multiple harmonic oscillation principle. The microcomputer measures the oscillation frequency of the multivibrator, and calculates the liquid level height based on the monotonic function about the liquid level height and frequency.
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Rashid, Muhammad Mahbubur, Abdullah Al Mamun, Abdul Hassan Jaafar, and Md Sajib Mollik. "Development of Non-Contact Liquid Level Measurement and Data Storage System." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 3, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.03.03.2018.02.

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The normal contact type liquid measurement devices have some drawbacks since they have potential damage due to the sensor fouling or corrosion since those are continuously exposed to the liquid. Especially flash flood may cause the damage of liquid level sensor. So that, it is important to design a non-contact device for liquid level measurement in order to avoid this constrain. Distance can be measured without contact such as laser, ultrasonic and radar. In this research, ultrasonic sensor is used to provide non-contact feature of the device since it is low cost and uses ultra-sound waves rather than light. This vital sensing device is able to sense uneven surfaces, liquids, clear objects, and objects in dirty environments. This paper discussed the measurement of liquid level in a tank as well as storing historical data.
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Onacak, Turkay. "Micron Resolution Electromechanical Liquid Level Measurement System." Instrumentation Science & Technology 35, no. 5 (September 2007): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739140701540420.

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Edwards, John E., and David W. Otterson. "Tech Talk: (3) Applying Liquid Level Measurement." Measurement and Control 47, no. 5 (June 2014): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294014534206.

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Thakur, R. C., Y. P. Singh, and S. S. Lamba. "Liquid Level Measurement and Control using Microcomputer." IETE Technical Review 9, no. 5 (September 1992): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1992.11438917.

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Antonio-Lopez, J. E., J. J. Sanchez-Mondragon, P. LiKamWa, and D. A. May-Arrioja. "Fiber-optic sensor for liquid level measurement." Optics Letters 36, no. 17 (August 29, 2011): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.003425.

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Choi, Woo-Jin, and John-Tark Lee. "Implementation of High-Precision Magnetostrictive-Type Liquid Level Measurement System UsingWavelet Transform." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 6 (November 20, 2014): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0888.

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Precise measurement of levels of liquids stored in tanks is essential for monitoring and predicting disasters by detecting leakages or arbitrary discharge of toxic materials. Therefore, tanks are typically equipped with a series of liquid level sensors. A magnetostrictive-type level sensor is composed of a waveguide, a current pulse interrogator, and a sensing coil for detecting reflective torsional signals caused by Wiedemann effect, which is themain principle of operation of magnetostrictive-type liquid level sensors. In order to implement a high-precision magnetostrictivetype liquid level measurement system, we used time–frequency analysis techniques such as wavelet transform (WT) to precisely detect the reflected signals. By using time–frequency analysis techniques such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and WT, a robust and precise liquid level measurement system can be implemented even in noisy environments.
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Souza, Matheus Oliveira, Elyson Carvalho, Jânio Canuto, Raimundo Freire, and Valner Brusamarello. "Displacer-Type Liquid Level Sensor with Liquid Density Auto-Compensation." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 15, no. 3 (December 3, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v15i3.179.

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In the classic displacer-type liquid level measuring method, liquid level is calculated via the buoyancy force exerted by the liquid on a displacer. This technology has high linearity, precision, accuracy, ease of installation and low cost. Nonetheless, displacer level sensors have significant sensitivity to variations in liquid density, which hinder its use in industrial applications that such quantity is not held constant. In this paper a novel displacer-type liquid level sensor is presented and analyzed. The method consists of adding another displacer and thus calculating the new measured value by the quotient of the buoyancy forces of both displacers. Therefore, the new measurement is ideally insensitive to the variations in liquid density. A prototype was built and prototype results presented high linearity, being able to mitigate the sensitivity to the liquid density, increasing accuracy in the measurements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Level liquid measurement"

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Pink, Clive Desmond. "Liquid level measurement using a coplanar transmission line." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8326.

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Bibliography: leaves 93-94.
The coplanar line has been used very successfully as an element in microwave circuits. Small size, high Q-factor, and accurate reproduction, are some of its many advantages. The coplanar transmission lines discussed in this report, are targeted at liquid level measurement, and are typically 30 cm. long. Their operating frequencies are consequently much lower than those of microwave coplanar waveguides, but they have common advantages. The factor which separates the coplanar line from similar liquid level sensors, is that it makes use of the electrical component of the electromagnetic fringe field, setup between its inner conductor, and the surrounding ground plane. The line is effectively a sharply tuned resonator, incorporated as the frequency controlling element of an electronic oscillator. The output frequency falls as a dielectric material penetrates the fringe field. An impressive sensitivity is accomplished by using very thin conductors, thereby ensuring that the fringe field energy is maximised. The most important feature of this sensor is its ability to operate non-intrusively when used with non-conducting vessels, or if employed in a metal tank, the unit can be encased in a dielectric material where the line is non-contacting (the liquid does not penetrate the unit). This combined with its excellent mechanical and electrical stability, and an accuracy better than 1 percent, makes the coplanar line a strong competitor in the field of liquid level measurement. The research began with a theoretical approach, and used lines machined from an Aluminium plate for characteristic impedance measurement. An empirical relation between the gap width, the line thickness, and the characteristic impedance of the line is presented. To assist with the design of the sensor, a lumped capacitance model of the line was developed. Various geometries were tested, and modified until a near linear response to water level was achieved. An advanced engineering model of the level sensor has been developed, which incorporates a stable digital output display, user calibration from the line's end points, and temperature compensation. A T-shaped line, which concentrates the field around its open end, was used for other applications such as, evaporation monitoring, measurement of slurry settlement, and to observe the effect of acids, bases, and salts in water. Various applications of the different coplanar line designs are proposed.
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Taylor, R. M. "Optical sensing techniques for liquid level gauging." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380619.

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Kim, Seoktae. "Millimeter-wave sensors." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3134.

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New millimeter wave interferometric, multifunctional sensors have been studied for industrial sensing applications: displacement measurement, liquid-level gauging and velocimetry. Two types of configuration were investigated to implement the sensor: homodyne and double-channel homodyne. Both sensors were integrated on planar structure using MMIC (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) and MIC (Microwave Integrated Circuit) technology for light, compact, and low-cost design. The displacement measurement results employing homodyne configuration show that sub-millimeter resolution in the order of 0.05 mm is feasible without correcting the non-linear phase response of the quadrature mixer. The double-channel homodyne configuration is proposed to suppress the nonlinearity of the quadrature mixer and to estimate the effect of frequency stability of a microwave signal source without the help of additional test equipment, at the loss of a slight increase of circuit complexity. The digital quadrature mixer is constituted by a quadrature-sampling signal processing technique and takes an important role in the elimination of conventional quadrature mixer's nonlinear phase response. Also, in the same displacement measurement, the radar sensor with the double-channel homodyne configuration provided a better resolution of 0.01mm, the best-reported resolution to date in terms of wavelength in the millimeter wave range, than the sensor employing simple homodyne configuration. Short-term stability of a microwave signal source, which is an important issue in phase sensitive measurement, is also considered through phase noise spectrum obtained by FFT spectral estimator at Intermediate Frequency (IF). The developed sensors demonstrate that displacement sensing with micron resolution and accuracy and high-resolution low-velocity measurement are feasible using millimeter-wave interferometer, which is attractive not only for displacement and velocity measurement, but also for other industrial sensing applications requiring very fine resolution and accuracy.
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Sohrabi, Hossein, and Enes Rahic. "Detection of wave movements." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2363.

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The aim of the thesis has been to study methods to minimize the slosh when moving liquid-filled packages in packaging machines. An automatic method for generation of the movement of a package in a packaging machine is of growing importance. The main reason is that reduced slosh leads to increased production rate. Progress within measurement technology creates possibilities for new solutions. One purpose has been to find methods and equipment to detect the height of the wave, perhaps at several places or alternatively the entire liquid surface shape. When suitable equipment for detection of the wave movements was found, collected measurements were analyzed and criteria for describing improvements of the slosh properties have been formulated.

Initially a sensor specification was written in order to simplify the search for suitable equipment. Sources of information have mainly been catalogues and Internet. The search resulted in that a number of sensors were borrowed for tests. The results of the tests supported the choice of the most suitable sensor, in this case a laser sensor. The main reason is that the sensors detection ability is good compared to its price. An analysis of the sensors most important properties confirmed the choice of the laser sensor. To be able to compare waves, criteria for what is considered to be good wave properties have been formulated and evaluated.

The work has confirmed that it is difficult to find a simple and cheap solution for wave detection given that the solution should have good detection ability. It has also been difficult to formulate simple but working criteria for wave performance, and this has led to a compromise between the complexity of the criterion functions and the result of the wave score. Ideas about how an automatic method, based on the chosen sensor and the criterion functions, can be implemented, have been introduced. During the work, some interesting discoveries have been made. These have led to better understanding of how some parameters should be chosen, to better understanding of wave movements and to better choice of future work.

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Schulz, Stephan. "Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung von Gas/Liquid-Phasengrenzflächen als Referenzwert für die hydrostatische Füllstandsmessung in Siedewasserreaktoren." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-133435.

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Die Dissertation bietet eine umfassende Analyse des quasi-stationären und dynamischen Verhaltens des Bezugspegels in den Nullkammerpegelgefäßen hydrostatischer Füllstandsmesssysteme von Siedewasserreaktoren. Die bislang rein phänomenologisch beschriebenen Übergangsprozesse im Pegelgefäß werden experimentell untersucht und in ihrer Wirkung auf das Messsystem bewertet. Da der Bezugsfüllstand und die Temperaturpulsationen sicherheitsrelevante Messgrößen sind, wird ein Beitrag zur Reaktorsicherheit geleistet. Die neuartigen, nichtinvasiven Verfahren zur Messung der Phasenverteilung im Pegelgefäß liefern realistische, unverfälschte Messdaten. Die Validierung von Simulationscodes und die sicherheitstechnische Bewertung von Siedewasserreaktoren werden dadurch verbessert. Das im CFD-Code Ansys CFX 14 entwickelte und experimentell validierte Modell bietet eine wichtige Grundlage für die numerische Simulation des Füllstandsmesssystems in Ergänzung zu Experimenten und zur Einbindung in Systemsimulationen.
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Boubenider, Fouad. "Capteur de niveau a ondes elastiques guidees." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066276.

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Prasser, Horst-Michael. "3. Workshop "Meßtechnik für stationäre und transiente Mehrphasenströmungen", 14. Oktober 1999 in Rossendorf." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-30118.

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Am 14. Oktober 1999 wurde in Rossendorf die dritte Veranstaltung in einer Serie von Workshops über Meßtechnik für stationäre und transiente Mehrphasenströmungen durchgeführt. Dieses Jahr kann auf auf 11 interessante Vorträge zurückgeblickt werden. Besonders hervorzuheben sind die beiden Hauptvorträge, die von Herrn Professor Hetsroni aus Haifa und Herrn Dr. Sengpiel aus Karlsruhe gehalten wurden. Erneut lag ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt auf Meßverfahren, die räumliche Verteilungen von Phasenanteilen und Geschwindigkeiten sowie die Größe von Partikeln bzw. Blasen der dispersen Phase zugänglich machen. So wurde über einen dreidimensional arbeitenden Röntgentomographen, ein Verfahren zur Messung von Geschwindigkeitsprofilen mit Gittersensoren und eine Methode zur simultanen Messung von Blasengrößen sowie Feldern von Gas- und Flüssigkeitsgeschwindigkeit mit einer optischen Partikelverfolgungstechnik vorgetragen. Daneben wurden interessante Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der lokalen Sonden vorgestellt, wie z.B. eine Elektrodiffusionssonde. Neue meßtechnische Ansätze waren ebenfalls vertreten; hervorzuheben ist der Versuch, die Methode der optischen Tomographie für die Untersuchung von Zweiphasenströmungen nutzbar zu machen. Der Tagungsband enthält die folgenden Beiträge: S. John, R. Wilfer, N. Räbiger, Universität Bremen, Messung hydrodynamischer Parameter in Mehrphasenströmungen bei hohen Dispersphasengehalten mit Hilfe der Elektrodiffusionsmeßtechnik E. Krepper, A. Aszodi, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Temperatur- und Dampfgehaltsverteilungen bei Sieden in seitlich beheizten Tanks D. Hoppe, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Ein akustisches Resonanzverfahren zur Klassifizierung von Füllständen W. Sengpiel, V. Heinzel, M. Simon, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Messungen der Eigenschaften von kontinuierlicher und disperser Phase in Luft-Wasser-Blasenströmungen R. Eschrich, VDI, Die Probestromentnahme zur Bestimmung der dispersen Phase einer Zweiphasenströmung U. Hampel, TU Dresden, Optische Tomographie O. Borchers, C. Busch, G. Eigenberger, Universität Stuttgart, Analyse der Hydrodynamik in Blasenströmungen mit einer Bildverarbeitungsmethode C. Zippe, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Beobachtung der Wechselwirkung von Blasen mit Gittersensoren mit einer Hochgeschwindigkeits-Videokamera H.-M. Prasser, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Geschwindigkeits- und Durchflußmessung mit Gittersensoren
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Prasser, Horst-Michael. "3. Workshop "Meßtechnik für stationäre und transiente Mehrphasenströmungen", 14. Oktober 1999 in Rossendorf." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1999. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21838.

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Am 14. Oktober 1999 wurde in Rossendorf die dritte Veranstaltung in einer Serie von Workshops über Meßtechnik für stationäre und transiente Mehrphasenströmungen durchgeführt. Dieses Jahr kann auf auf 11 interessante Vorträge zurückgeblickt werden. Besonders hervorzuheben sind die beiden Hauptvorträge, die von Herrn Professor Hetsroni aus Haifa und Herrn Dr. Sengpiel aus Karlsruhe gehalten wurden. Erneut lag ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt auf Meßverfahren, die räumliche Verteilungen von Phasenanteilen und Geschwindigkeiten sowie die Größe von Partikeln bzw. Blasen der dispersen Phase zugänglich machen. So wurde über einen dreidimensional arbeitenden Röntgentomographen, ein Verfahren zur Messung von Geschwindigkeitsprofilen mit Gittersensoren und eine Methode zur simultanen Messung von Blasengrößen sowie Feldern von Gas- und Flüssigkeitsgeschwindigkeit mit einer optischen Partikelverfolgungstechnik vorgetragen. Daneben wurden interessante Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der lokalen Sonden vorgestellt, wie z.B. eine Elektrodiffusionssonde. Neue meßtechnische Ansätze waren ebenfalls vertreten; hervorzuheben ist der Versuch, die Methode der optischen Tomographie für die Untersuchung von Zweiphasenströmungen nutzbar zu machen. Der Tagungsband enthält die folgenden Beiträge: S. John, R. Wilfer, N. Räbiger, Universität Bremen, Messung hydrodynamischer Parameter in Mehrphasenströmungen bei hohen Dispersphasengehalten mit Hilfe der Elektrodiffusionsmeßtechnik E. Krepper, A. Aszodi, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Temperatur- und Dampfgehaltsverteilungen bei Sieden in seitlich beheizten Tanks D. Hoppe, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Ein akustisches Resonanzverfahren zur Klassifizierung von Füllständen W. Sengpiel, V. Heinzel, M. Simon, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Messungen der Eigenschaften von kontinuierlicher und disperser Phase in Luft-Wasser-Blasenströmungen R. Eschrich, VDI, Die Probestromentnahme zur Bestimmung der dispersen Phase einer Zweiphasenströmung U. Hampel, TU Dresden, Optische Tomographie O. Borchers, C. Busch, G. Eigenberger, Universität Stuttgart, Analyse der Hydrodynamik in Blasenströmungen mit einer Bildverarbeitungsmethode C. Zippe, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Beobachtung der Wechselwirkung von Blasen mit Gittersensoren mit einer Hochgeschwindigkeits-Videokamera H.-M. Prasser, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Geschwindigkeits- und Durchflußmessung mit Gittersensoren
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Bednář, Tomáš. "Měření výšky hladiny pomocí OVS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219315.

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The subject of this master‘s thesis is the issue of design of fiber optic sensor for min/max and continuous measurement of liquid level, which could be used for laboratory measurement of optoelectronics. The thesis is divided into the three parts, the first part deals with methods of retrieval level measurement using fiber optic sensors. The second part is made of plant design of optical fiber sensors, it is shown the implementation of measuring devices for liquid level measurement and measured transfer characteristics of the sensors developed. The last part is proposed for laboratory typing tasks using established preparation for teaching in the subject Optoelectronic sensors.
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Embree, Leanne. "Development of a sensitive, quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the measurement of digoxin in patient groups with high levels of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29093.

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Digoxin is the most commonly used digitalis glycoside for the treatment of congestive heart failure and certain disturbances of cardiac rhythm. The low therapeutic index observed for digoxin and the clinical significance of digoxin therapy have necessitated the development of sensitive analytical methods for the quantitation of digoxin in biological samples. Digoxin may be analysed by several methods including immunoassays, chromatographic procedures and various biological and chemical methods. Immunoassays, both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) procedures, are used in the clinical laboratory because of their speed, precision, sensitivity and relatively low cost. However, reaction of the digoxin antibodies used in the immunoassay methods with digoxin metabolites, endogenous compounds such as digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS), and other drugs that may be co-administered with digoxin continues to be a major problem. The lack of specificity of the immunoassay methods for digoxin has led to difficulties in interpretation of assay values. Attempts to compensate for this lack of specificity have included the use of chromatographic systems as elaborate sample handling methods prior to immunoassay. However, since an immunoassay was used for detection of digoxin in these techniques, the specificity may still be quest ionable. A sensitive and specific assay for digoxin using physico-chemical methods for measurement is therefore needed. A method was developed using pre-column derivatization of digoxin and its metabolites with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride followed by HPLC analysis with electrochemical detection. A maximum sensitivity of 0.883 ng of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl digoxin (0.394 ng digoxin) was observed using dual electrode detection in the redox mode. Although resolution between derivatized digoxin and its metabolites was obtained, the low yield of the digoxin derivative and the formation of metabolites when small (ng) samples were derivatized made this method unsuitable for evaluating patient samples. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay using post-column derivatization of digoxin, which separated digoxin from its metabolites and some commonly coadministered drugs, was developed. Post-column (PC) derivatization of digoxin with concentrated hydrochloric acid and dehydroascorbic acid, followed by fluorescence detection, allowed for quantitation within the therapeutic range of digoxin. Steroids which have been reported to cross-react with digoxin antisera were assayed using the HPLC-PC method developed in this study. The steroid samples either did not elute from the HPLC system or did not produce a fluorescent product under these conditions. Serum samples from digitalized patients were evaluated using both the HPLC-PC and the FPIA methods. When compared to the HPLC procedure, the FPIA assay results gave, on average, higher digoxin levels. This may have been due to the inclusion of digoxin metabolites or endogenous compounds with the FPIA assay. Serum samples from undigitalized patient groups where high DLIS levels have been reported were also evaluated. These included umbilical cord blood samples and samples from hypertensive patients, renal failure patients and hepatic failure patients. Comparison of the HPLC-PC and FPIA methods demonstrated that the HPLC-PC assay gave fewer false positive results than the FPIA. The HPLC-PC assay developed for analysis of digoxin was unaffected by the presence of digoxin metabolites, numerous steroids, co-administered drugs and endogenous compounds, most of which have been reported to give false positive results with the FPIA.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Level liquid measurement"

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Gillum, Donald R. Industrial pressure, level& density measurement. Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S.A: ISA, 1995.

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Gillum, Donald R. Industrial pressure, level & density measurement. Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S.A: ISA, 1995.

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Industrial pressure, level, and density measurement. 2nd ed. Triangle Park, NC: Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, 2009.

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L, Mohr C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology., and Mohr and Associates, eds. Void fraction measurement liquid level detection concept assessment and development. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.

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Temperature and pressure effects on capacitance probe cryogenic liquid level measurement accuracy. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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1920-, McDonald Bill L., Hughes Rose M, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Results of qualification tests on water-level sensing instruments. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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1920-, McDonald Bill L., Hughes Rose M, Geological Survey (U.S.), and National Space Technology Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Results of qualification tests on water-level sensing instruments, 1984-85. NSTL, Miss: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Level liquid measurement"

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Ren, Gong-chang, Hai-chun Guo, Yong Yang, and Zhi-wei Yang. "Ultrasonic Sensor Based Material Level and Liquid Level Measurement Technology." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 25–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25899-2_4.

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Santhosh, K. V., and Sneha Nayak. "Design of an Adaptive Soft Sensor for Measurement of Liquid Level Independent of Liquid." In Engineering Vibration, Communication and Information Processing, 523–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1642-5_47.

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Dixon, S., C. Edwards, and S. B. Palmer. "A Novel Non-Contact Ultrasonic System for Liquid Level Measurement in Moving Metallic Containers." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1929–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5339-7_250.

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Huling, Bruce, Saied Tousi, and Barry Gotlinsky. "Real-Time Measurement of Particulate Levels in Gases in a Production Diffusion Environment." In Particles in Gases and Liquids 2, 241–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3544-1_19.

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Pal, Sagarika, Ramtanu Mukherjee, and Sharmi Ganguly. "Design, Development and Testing of a Semi Cylindrical Capacitive Array Type Liquid Interface Level Sensor." In Advanced Instrument Engineering, 247–56. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4165-5.ch018.

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In this study, a semi cylindrical capacitive array type liquid interface level measuring sensor is described. The sensor consists of a continuous large semi cylindrical thin metallic plate acting as a common plate of the capacitor and an array of small semi cylindrical thin metallic plates, separated by very small gap distance. All plates are mounted along the outer wall of a cylindrical non conducting vertical storage tank. The detection of liquid interface is based on the measurement of capacitance of the array of plates which varies with the dielectric constant of the liquid within the tank. The measured capacitance has been obtained in nano farad range. Since the sensor is non contact type, it can be used for both conducting and non conducting type of liquid contained within a non conducting tank. Experimental results confirm the satisfactory performance of the sensor for liquid interface level measurement.
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"The Design of Laser Liquid Level Measurement System Based on FPGA and MCU." In ESSE 2017, 487–94. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110540048-050.

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Mate, C. Mathew, and Robert W. Carpick. "Measuring Surface Forces." In Tribology on the Small Scale, 234–58. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609802.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the two experimental techniques—the surface force apparatus (SFA) and the atomic force microscope (AFM)—that are commonly used for measuring molecular level forces that act between two surfaces at small separation distances. The first part of this chapter covers the fundamental principles of SFA and AFM design. The second half of this chapter illustrates the application of AFM to measuring surface forces with examples the measurement of van der Waals forces, atomic level repulsive forces, frictional forces, electrostatic double-layer forces, and meniscus forces from liquid films and from capillary condensation.
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Schmickler, Wolfgang. "Nontraditional techniques." In Interfacial Electrochemistry. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089325.003.0021.

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The traditional electrochemical techniques are based on the measurement of current and potential, and, in the case of liquid electrodes, of the surface tension. While such measurements can be very precise, they give no direct information on the microscopic structure of the electrochemical interface. In this chapter we treat several methods which can provide such information. None of them is endemic to electrochemistry; they are mostly skillful adaptations of techniques developed in other branches of physics and chemistry. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an excellent device to obtain topographic images of an electrode surface . The principal part of this apparatus is a metal tip with a very fine point, which can be moved in all three directions of space with the aid of piezoelectric crystals. All but the very end of the tip is insulated from the solution in order to avoid tip currents due to unwanted electrochemical reactions. The tip is brought very close, up to a few Ångstroms, to the electrode surface. When a potential bias ΔV, usually of the order of a few hundred millivolts, is applied between the electrode and the tip, the electrons can tunnel through the thin intervening layer of solution, and a tunneling current is observed. The situation is illustrated in Fig. 15.2: A potential energy barrier exists between the tip and the substrate. Application of a bias potential shifts the two Fermi levels of the tip and of the substrate. Electrons can tunnel from the metal with the higher Fermi level through the barrier to empty states on the other metal. Roughly speaking, electrons with energies between the two Fermi levels can be transferred. A detailed calculation shows that the current is proportional to the electronic density of states at the Fermi level of the substrate. The tip is moved slowly in the yz direction parallel to the metal surface, and simultaneously the distance x from the electrode is adjusted in such a way that the tunneling current is constant (constant-current mode).
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Kabungo Gakingo, Godfrey, and Tobias Muller Louw. "The Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Analysis of Gas-Liquid-Liquid Reactors." In Advances in Mass Transfer [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99157.

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Gas–liquid–liquid reactors are typically found in bioprocess setups such as those used in alkane biocatalysis and biological gas stripping. The departure of such reactors from traditional gas–liquid setups is by the introduction of a secondary (dispersed) liquid phase. The introduction of the latter results in complicated hydrodynamics as observed through measurements of velocity fields, turbulence levels and mixing times. Similarly, changes in mass transfer occur as observed through measurements of gas hold up, bubble diameters and the volumetric mass transfer coefficients. The design and analysis of such reactors thus requires the adoption of an approach that can comprehensively account for the various observed changes. This chapter proposes Computational Fluid Dynamics as an approach fit for this purpose. Key considerations, successes and challenges of this approach are highlighted and discussed based on a review of previously published case studies.
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Schmickler, Wolfgang. "Liquid-liquid interfaces." In Interfacial Electrochemistry. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089325.003.0017.

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When we defined electrochemistry in Chapter 1, we made a special case for including the interface between two immiscible solutions (ITIES) because they show many similarities with the more usual electrochemical systems. Much of the interest in these interfaces resides in the fact that they can serve as models for membranes, but they are also interesting systems in their own right. In a certain sense the field is still in its infancy: Little is known about the structure of the interface, and most of our secure knowledge relies on thermodynamics. However, these systems pose intriguing problems. Almost all the published work is based on classical electrochemical methods based on the measurements of current, potential, and surface tension. If techniques yielding structural information (see Chapter 15) can be applied to ITIES - and at least a few optical techniques look promising - we may expect the field to grow rapidly during the next decade. Most of the liquid-liquid interfaces that have been studied involve water and an organic solvent such as nitrobenzene or 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE). Although these systems form stable interfaces, the solubility of one solvent in the other is usually quite high. For example, the solubility of water in 1,2-DCE is 0.11 M, and that of 1,2-DCE in water is 0.09 M. So each of the two liquid components is a fairly concentrated solution of one solvent in the other. It is therefore unlikely that the interface is sharp on a molecular level. We rather expect an extended region with a thickness of the order of a few solvent diameters, over which the concentrations of the two solvents change rapidly. The lower the solubility of one solvent in the other, the thinner this interfacial region should be. These expectations are supported by the indication that the dipole potentials at these interfaces seem to be small, at least near the pzc, but spectroscopic information is lacking at present. Many of the processes that are familiar from ordinary electrochemistry have an analog at ITIES; so these form a wide field of study.
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Conference papers on the topic "Level liquid measurement"

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England, Mark D. "Radar Liquid Level Measurement." In ASME 1992 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1992-3805.

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Microwave radar level technology has been available to industry since World War II, but only recently has it found its way into the wider commercial mainstream. Through extensive use of radar technology by government and large industrial users, and advance in modern electronic components, microwave instruments are now affordable for use in smaller, more general applications. There are a number of distinct advantages this technology has over conventional, mechanical level devices including longer mean time between failure (MTBF), fewer effects from changing process or ullage (the are above the process liquid) conditions, less instrument maintenance, isolation of the instrumentation from the process liquid, and instantaneous monitoring of conditions inside a process or storage vessel. Factors that affect accurate level measurement using radar are the dielectric of the process material, location and alignment of the radar sensor, obstructions in the vessel, surface conditions of the process liquid, and calibration of the system’s electronics. Microwave radar level technology also offers the potential for the ability to anticipate and diagnose problem areas remotely. Paper published with permission.
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Xu, Ruihua, Bowen Wang, Min Zhang, Nadim Hossain, Xu Zhang, and Lili Yang. "Capacitive measurement system for liquid level measurement." In 2016 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsnt.2016.8070271.

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Liu, Yanbing, and Yong-Hua Yang. "Optical remote measurement of liquid level." In Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, edited by Li Zhu. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156342.

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Hoffmann, Karel, Zbynek Skvor, and Milan Prihoda. "Precise microwave measurement of liquid level." In 2012 79th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg79.2012.6291194.

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Beck, Charles W. "Non-Electrically Invasive Liquid Level Measurement." In General Aviation Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1510.

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Qi, Bing, Wei Peng, Junxiu Lin, and Jianhua Ding. "Measurement of liquid level using ladar." In Photonics China '96, edited by Kim D. Bennett, Byoung Yoon Kim, and Yanbiao Liao. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.252189.

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Zilinskis, Daniel R., Manton J. Guers, and Bernhard R. Tittmann. "Noninvasive Ultrasonic Approach to Liquid Level Measurement and Liquid Identification." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2718161.

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Frantlovic, Milos P., Ivana M. Jokic, and Dusan A. Nesic. "A Wireless System for Liquid Level Measurement." In 2007 8th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telsks.2007.4376046.

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Sediva, Sona, and Marie Havlikova. "Fiber optic sensors for liquid level measurement." In 2012 13th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2012.6228721.

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Akhobadze, G. N. "Two-waveguide-based measurement of liquid level." In 2012 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apede.2012.6478047.

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Reports on the topic "Level liquid measurement"

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Webb, R. H. Instructions for 104-SX liquid level measurement field tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185481.

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Weeks, G. E. Literature Survey of Available Liquid Level and Density Measurement Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/676772.

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Duignan, M. R., and G. E. Weeks. Final Report Full-Scale Test of DWPF Advanced Liquid-Level and Density Measurement Bubblers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/350786.

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Rinard, P. M., and H. O. Menlove. Application of curium measurements for safeguarding at reprocessing plants. Study 1: High-level liquid waste and Study 2: Spent fuel assemblies and leached hulls. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212480.

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