Journal articles: 'Level shifted PWM techniques'

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Devendiren, Shobana, and Samuel Rajesh Babu. "Multicarrier PWM techniques for three phase modular multilevel converter application in MRI systems." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 2 (2024): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i2.pp958-967.

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This research paper presents about the performance analysis of three phase modular multilevel converter with level shifted (phase disposition pulse width modulation) and phase shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) method. This research not only discusses the significance of different modulation procedures in the context of modular multilevel converters but also carefully evaluates each of their unique performance characteristics. This research is based on the fundamental creation of pulses and patterns that can only be acquired by comparing sinusoidal reference signals with triangular carrier signal. Both levels shifted (phase disposition) and phase shifted PWM procedures are used to calculate the phase output voltage of a converter at 2N+1 level. The output waveform is crucially shaped by these modulation techniques, which also ensure effective energy conversion and lower harmonic content. On the basis of the output voltage waveform's quality, the comparative research is conducted and simulated results were presented.

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Devendiren, Shobana, and Samuel Rajesh Babu. "Multicarrier PWM techniques for three phase modular multilevel converter application in MRI systems." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 2 (2024): 958–67. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i2.pp958-967.

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This research paper presents about the performance analysis of three phase modular multilevel converter with level shifted (phase disposition pulse width modulation) and phase shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) method. This research not only discusses the significance of different modulation procedures in the context of modular multilevel converters but also carefully evaluates each of their unique performance characteristics. This research is based on the fundamental creation of pulses and patterns that can only be acquired by comparing sinusoidal reference signals with triangular carrier signal. Both levels shifted (phase disposition) and phase shifted PWM procedures are used to calculate the phase output voltage of a converter at 2N+1 level. The output waveform is crucially shaped by these modulation techniques, which also ensure effective energy conversion and lower harmonic content. On the basis of the output voltage waveform's quality, the comparative research is conducted and simulated results were presented.

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3

Sarbojit, Mukherjee, S. Sanyal, De Sanyal, S. Das, and S. Saha. "A Review Paper on Comparative Study of Different Level Shifted Multicarrier PWM Techniques Implemented on a 15 Level Asymmetric H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter." Journal of Controller and Converters 4, no. 2 (2019): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3352013.

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For medium voltage and high-power application generally, multilevel inverter is used as an energy conversion device. Advantages of multilevel inverter are lower switching losses, total harmonic distortion, less voltage stress on switches than conventional inverter. This review paper presents a comparative study of performance parameters when different level shifted multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques are implemented on a 15-level asymmetric H-bridge multilevel inverter using a topology having less number of switches with different loading conditions. Three modulation techniques have been used here. The techniques used are PD-PWM, POD-PWM, and APOD-PWM. Here R, R-L and IM loads are used. The operation is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK. The FFT analysis of the three modulation techniques used has been done when implemented on different loads and their respective THD data has been tabulated.

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Hasabelrasul, Hashim, and Xiangwu Yan. "Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Techniques for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (2017): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp861-868.

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One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.

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A., Shamsul Rahimi A. Subki, Manap Zahariah, Zaidi Tumari Mohd, et al. "Analysis on three phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter based on sinusoidal and third harmonic injected pulse width modulation via level shifted and phase shifted modulation technique." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 160–69. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp160-169.

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This work proposes a comparative analysis of sinusoidal and third harmonic injected reference signal modulation accompany with level-shifted PWM technique named as phase disposition (LSPD), phase opposition disposition (LSPOD), and alternate phase opposition disposition (LSAPOD) and phaseshifted PWM technique. Switching pulses from both reference signal and PWM technique have been fed into three phase eleven level cascaded Hbridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) fed on a resistive-inductive load with the modulation depth (MD) set to varied from 80% to 100%. For voltage source inverter, total harmonic distortion (THD) content is critical and must be within the allowable range. To prove the feasibility of the reference signal with carrier signal schemes, the entire simulation of the modulation techniques is established and conducted via the Simulink environment. According to the analyzed result, the performance is acceptable in terms of %THDV and %THDI values. Simulation analysis also indicates, at full modulation depth, due to higher fundamental output voltage component produces via the THIPWM modulation technique compared to the SPWM technique, this causes higher %THDV value.

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Loaena, Yalisho Girma, Ing Getachew Biru, and Chandra Sekha Reddy. "Design and Analysis of Front Side Modular Multilevel Converter for Smart Transformer in 15 kV Arba Minch Distribution Network Using Diverse Controllers and Multicarrier Modulation." Journal of Engineering 2022 (October 4, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7678241.

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This paper presents design and analysis of a bidirectional medium voltage (MV) front-side converter of smart transformer (ST) for Arba Minch Town distribution system. A modular multilevel converter (MMC) configuration is used in the MV side of the ST. The grid side MV is 15 kV RMS line value and the desired MVDC voltage is 24.5 kV for ensuring bidirectional operation of the converter in the time of grid outage. A half bridge semiconductor power module is used to model the front-side MMC. Based on the MV DC voltage requirement, the number of submodules per phase leg is designed to be four (four in the upper arm and four in the lower arm). Multicarrier modulation techniques such as phase-shifted PWM and level-shifted PWM are used to generate gate signals. The model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink, and its performance with respect to input side voltage harmonics, current harmonics, and output DC voltage value has been tested by carrying out several case studies under different controllers such as proportional integrator(PI), fuzzy inference system (FIS), and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for obtaining reference signal for modulation. Level-shifted PWM is used with PI, FIS, and ANFIS, whereas phase-shifted PWM with a technique of introducing DC bias is used with PI controller alone. From the simulation results, it has been observed that better power system current quality of FS-MMC is obtained for PS-PWM (2.16%) than level-shifted PWM (5.22%). Use of FIS and ANFIS with level shift PWM method slightly brings down the current THD values to 2.98% and 2.72%, respectively (decrease by 2.5%). Also, a maximum output DC voltage of 24650 V is obtained for ANFIS with level shift PWM as compared to values obtained by PI with level shift PWM and PI with phase shift PWM.

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Manikandan, P., and P. Maruthupandi. "Split-Capacitor Five-Level Transformerless Grid Connected Single Phase PV System using Level Shifted PWM Technique." March 2022 4, no. 1 (2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2022.1.005.

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This paper proposes Level shifted Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) methods for single phase transformerless Multi Level Inverter (MLI). Many of the existing topologies have high variations in Common Mode Voltage (CMV) and high leakage current. The proposed topology with level shifted PWM technique for five level single phase MLI, reduces the variations in CMV, minimizes the leakage current according to VDE0126-1-1 standard and the reduced number of switches makes the losses less than the conventional topologies. This topology reduces the current THD. Finally, simulations are carried in MATLAB/Simulink for different inverter topologies.

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Kathalingam, Sebasthi, and Porkumaran Karantharaj. "Comparison of Multiple Carrier Disposition PWM Techniques Applied for Multi-Level Shunt Active Filter." Journal of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 4 (2012): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-012-0037-3.

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Comparison of Multiple Carrier Disposition PWM Techniques Applied for Multi-Level Shunt Active FilterThis work presents the simulation of a shunt active filter using seven-level cascaded inverter. The ultimate objective is to bring out the influence of multiple carrier level shifted PWM techniques on the performance of a shunt active filter. Classical disposition PWM techniques such as PD, POD and APOD have been used to generate the gating signals for the inverter active switches. A comparison is presented to substantiate the effect of these techniques in filtering. The comparison is made from the perspective of reduction in THD of source currents after filtering. For compensation current extraction synchronous detection method has been used. The harmonic reduction is achieved in source currents as well as source voltages.

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Sourabh, Rathore, Kumar Kirar Mukesh, and K. Bhardwaj S. "SIMULATION OF CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING PD, POD, APOD TECHNIQUES." Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) 4, no. 3 (2015): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3581796.

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Multilevel inverter (MLI) can achieve medium voltage high power efficiency inverters in industrial application. It can generate stepped waveform by reducing harmonic distortion with increase in the number of voltage level; a full bridge is known as H-bridge inverter because it shows alphabet ‘H’. In this paper, Multicarrier PWM topologies and there Modulation schemes are discussed. Level Shifted [LS] Scheme is applied to the Cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter and the complete analysis of THD to 9 levels is done.

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A. Subki, A. Shamsul Rahimi, Zahariah Manap, Mohd Zaidi Tumari, et al. "Analysis on three phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter based on sinusoidal and third harmonic injected pulse width modulation via level shifted and phase shifted modulation technique." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp160-169.

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This work proposes a comparative analysis of sinusoidal and third harmonic injected reference signal modulation accompany with level-shifted PWM technique named as phase disposition (LSPD), phase opposition disposition (LSPOD), and alternate phase opposition disposition (LSAPOD) and phase-shifted PWM technique. Switching pulses from both reference signal and PWM technique have been fed into three phase eleven level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) fed on a resistive-inductive load with the modulation depth (MD) set to varied from 80% to 100%. For voltage source inverter, total harmonic distortion (THD) content is critical and must be within the allowable range. To prove the feasibility of the reference signal with carrier signal schemes, the entire simulation of the modulation techniques is established and conducted via the Simulink environment. According to the analyzed result, the performance is acceptable in terms of %THDV and %THDI values. Simulation analysis also indicates, at full modulation depth, due to higher fundamental output voltage component produces via the THIPWM modulation technique compared to the SPWM technique, this causes higher %THDV value.

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11

Suroso, Suroso, Daru Tri Nugroho, Abdullah Nur Azis, and Toshihiko Noguchi. "Simplified five-level voltage source inverter with level-phase-shifted carriers based modulation technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 2 (2019): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp461-468.

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A simplified circuit topology of the five-level pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter for DC-AC power conversion with no-isolated DC voltage sources and reduced switching device number is presented in this paper. The inverter circuit is based on the three-level H-bridge inverter configuration. The developed five-level inverter needs only five controlled power switches and four isolated gate drive circuits. Furthermore, the proposed topology does not require bidirectional power semiconductor controlled switches, hence a conventional discrete power MOSFETs or IGBTs can be used to build the inverter circuits. To obtain a better quality output voltage waveform, the level-phase-shifted carriers based sinusoidal pulse width modulation control was applied to produce a five-level PWM voltage waveform. The proposed inverter circuit was examined by using computer simulation with Power PSIM software. The basic principle operation of the inverter circuit was verified experimentally in laboratory using two non-isolated DC voltage sources as the inputs of the inverter’s prototype circuit. Some analysis of inverter’s output waveforms are provided and discussed.

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12

Raju, K. Narasimha, O. Chandra Sekhar, and M. Ramamoorty. "Evaluation of level-shifted carrier PWM technique for neutral-point stabilisation of five-level DCMLI." International Journal of Power Electronics 9, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2018.088372.

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Ramamoorty, M., O. Chandra Sekhar, and K. Narasimha Raju. "Evaluation of level-shifted carrier PWM technique for neutral-point stabilisation of five-level DCMLI." International Journal of Power Electronics 9, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2018.10007707.

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Suroso, Suroso, Daru Tri Nugroho, Abdullah Nur Azis, and Toshihiko Noguchi. "Simplified five-level voltage source inverter with level-phaseshifted carriers based modulation technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 2 (2019): 461–68. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp461-468.

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A simplified circuit topology of the five-level inverter for DC-AC power conversion with non-insulated DC power sources along with reduced switching device count is introduced and discussed in this research paper. The inverter circuit is based on the three-level H-bridge inverter configuration. The developed five-level PWM inverter needs five controlled power switches and four isolated gate drive circuits. Furthermore, the proposed topology does not require bidirectional power semiconductor controlled switches, hence a conventional discrete power MOSFETs or IGBTs can be used to build the inverter circuits. To achieve a better quality AC output voltage, the level-phase-shifted carriers based sinusoidal pulse width modulation was applied to create a five-level PWM voltage waveform. The developed inverter circuit was examined by utilizing computer simulation with Power PSIM software. The basic principle operation of the inverter circuit was verified experimentally in laboratory applying two noninsulated DC input voltage sources as the inputs of the inverter’s prototype circuit. Some analysis of inverter’s output waveforms are provided and discussed.

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Miteshkumar N Priyadarshi. "Comparative analysis of triangle and trapezoidal carrier signal for 3-level ANPC inverter." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 53s (2025): 643–48. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i53s.10958.

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Introduction: Multilevel topologies are becoming more and more popular, and new topologies have been created. High voltage is used to create staircase output in order to lower the THD. For the carrier signal triangle and trapezoidal signal has been arranged in Phase opposition pulse width modulation (PODPWM), phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM), alternative phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation (APODPWM), phase shifted PWM (PSPWM), to analyze the total harmonic distortion for ANPC topology. In this paper the RMS value of phase voltage and THD value of output voltage is comparing and the most effective PWM technique for a 1500V DC bus, three phases, 3 level ANPC inverter is identified for use with 1200V switching devices. SIN wave is used as a reference signal to simulate and compare two different carrier signals for three-level inverter in PSIM software. Objectives: Several innovative modulation techniques for ANPC are incorporated into the control algorithm. The optimization targets can be divided into the following three categories. The main objective is to Reducing the voltage THD. The second objective is to increase the output voltage by recommending suitable modulation techniques.

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Mondol, Md Halim, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam, A. M. Mahfuz-Ur-Rahman, and Kashem Muttaqi. "A New Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Topology With Level Shifted Multicarrier PWM Technique for Harvesting Renewable Energy." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 58, no. 2 (2022): 2574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2022.3146223.

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Meraj, Mohammad, Syed Rahman, Atif Iqbal, Lazhar Ben-Brahim, and Haitham A. Abu-Rub. "Novel Level-Shifted PWM Technique for Equal Power Sharing Among Quasi-Z-Source Modules in Cascaded Multilevel Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 4 (2021): 4766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3018398.

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Mohanapria, M. K., and K. Rajambal. "Switched-Capacitor based Quadruple Boost 9-Level Inverter Topology with Multicarrier PWM Technique." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 3 (2020): 134–39. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C4286.099320.

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This paper presents Switched-Capacitor based Quadruple Boost 9-Level Inverter topology which possesses several advantages over conventional MLI types, SCMLI topologies. The self-voltage balancing capability of switched capacitors which reduces complexity in control is compared with existing SCMLI topology. The simulation study of the SCQB9LI topology is carried out. Switched capacitors are designed for selfvoltage balancing nature. The MLS-PWM strategy is employed for generating gate pulses. The performance of the chosen inverter topology is investigated for different modulation indices and its results are presented. A comparative study with conventional SCMLI topologies proves the effectiveness of SCQB9LI topology.

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Fu, Xingang, Shuhui Li, Abdullah Hadi, and Rajab Challoo. "Novel Neural Control of Single-Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverters for Better Harmonics Reduction." Electronics 7, no. 7 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7070111.

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A single-phase Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) grid-tied multilevel inverter is introduced with a detailed discussion of the proposed novel neural controller for better efficiency and power quality in the integration of renewable sources. An LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter is used in the multilevel inverter system to achieve better harmonic attenuation. The proposed Neural Network (NN) controller performs the inner current control and tracks the references generated from the outer loop to satisfy the requirements of voltage or power control. Two multicarrier-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques (phase-shifted modulation and level-shifted modulation) are adopted in the development of the simulation model to drive the multilevel inverter system for the evaluation of the neural control technique. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficient outcomes of the proposed neural network controller for grid-tied multilevel inverters. The advantages of the proposed neural control include a faster response speed and fewer oscillations compared with the conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller based vector control strategy. In particular, the neural network control technique provides better harmonics reduction ability.

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Almeida, Andrei O., Matheus S. Paulo, Daniel P. Teixeira, Rodolfo Lacerda Valle, Pedro M. Almeida, and Pedro Gomes Barbosa. "Analysis of a MMC-Based 12-MW Direct-Drive Wind Energy Conversion System With Level-Shifted and PS-PWM and NLM Strategies." Eletrônica de Potência 29 (November 14, 2024): e202449. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.e202449.

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This paper analyzes a 12-MW direct-drive wind energy converter system featuring a 6.6-kV, 132-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator, similar to the Haliade-X 12-MW manufactured by General Electric. The proposed system utilizes a back-to-back modular multilevel converter (B2B-MMC) with four submodules per arm. The research investigates three modulation strategies: nearest level modulation and two variants of multicarrier pulse width modulation that incorporate level-shift and phase-shift techniques. Additionally, it examines the interaction between the generator's low frequency and the design parameters of the MMC. Thus, this paper contributes to the understanding of the effectiveness of the B2B-MMC as a viable solution for direct-drive low-frequency wind generators. Furthermore, it analyzes how the modulation strategy and voltage equalization algorithm impact system performance, especially with the implementation of a subsampling technique. Digital simulations carried out with PSCAD/EMTDC provide a comparative analysis of the three modulation strategies investigated.

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A., N. Kasiran, Ponniran A., A. Bakar A., and H. Yatim M. "4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter with hard-switching and soft-switching implementations." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (2019): 288–99. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp288-299.

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This paper presents parameters analysis of 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter with hard-switching and soft-switching implementation. Principally, by considering the selected circuit structure of the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter and appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) switching strategy, the overall converter volume able to be reduced. Specifically, phase-shifted of 120 of each switching signal is applied in the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter in order to increase the inductor current ripple frequency, thus the charging and discharging times of the inductor is reduced. Besides, volume of converters is greatly reduced if very high switching frequency is considered. However, it causes increasing of semiconductor losses and consequently the converter efficiency is affected. The results show that the efficiency of 2-level conventional boost converter and 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter are 98.59% and 97.67%, respectively in hard-switching technique, and 99.31% and 98.15%, respectively in soft-switching technique. Therefore, by applying softswitching technique, switching loss of the semiconductor devices is greatly minimized although high switching frequency is applied. In this study, passive lossless snubber circuit is selected for the soft-switching implementation in the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter. Based on the simulation results, the switching loss is approximately eliminated by applying soft-switching technique compared to the hard-switching technique implementation.

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Xiao, Gong*. "RESEARCH ON MODULATION STRATEGY OF CASCADED STATCOM BASED ON CPD-SPWM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 6 (2016): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.54647.

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For multi-level structure , PWM technology is one very critical aspect, it relates to the quality and efficiency of the system output voltage cascaded STATCOM. Based on the principle of multiple modulation strategies analyzed and compared, including vertical carrier phase shift modulation, the carrier level phase shift modulation technique, the unipolar vertical multiplier carrier phase shifting CPD-SPWM technique as Cascaded STATCOM modulation techniques. Vertical carrier modulation technique can make STATCOM relatively low switching frequency to achieve a relatively high equivalent switching frequency, thereby to reduce the harmonic content of the output current.  

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Vemula, Anil Kumar, and Mouttou Arounassalame. "Improved performance with fractional order control for asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 4 (2020): 1335–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i4.1885.

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This paper proposes a control scheme for seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multi level inverter (ACHBMLI) based on fractional order calculus. The seven level ACHBMLI consists of two H-bridges that are connected in series and are excited by different dc voltage sources. A simplified model is developed by assuming the small signal variation component is equal in both the H-bridges. A fractional order PID (FO-PID) controller is designed for the ACHBMLI using the simplified model. Simulation study shows the adequacy of FO-PID controller in giving an output voltage with minimum distortions. A conventional PID controller is also designed for ACHBMLI using the same simplified model. The performance of the ACHBMLI with FO-PID controller is compared with the performance of ACHBMLI with conventional PID controller. The simulation results prove the superiority of FO-PID controller in maintaining the output voltage of the ACHBMLI close to the reference voltage and in reducing the harmonic distortion of output voltage of the inverter. The simulation was done using MATLAB and the parameters of FO-PID controller was designed using FOMCON tool box.

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Viola, Fabio. "Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of a Three-Phase Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter by Means FPGA-Based Control Board for Grid Connected Applications." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123298.

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Over the last decades, plants devoted to the generation of green energy significantly increased their number, together with the demand of same electrical energy, also stored in battery systems. This fact produced the growth of energy conversion systems with advanced performances with respect to the traditional ones. In this circumstance, multilevel converters play a significant role for their great advantages in performances, flexibility, fault-tolerability, employment of renewable energy sources and storage systems and finally yet importantly reduced filter requirements. In this context, this paper faces the performance of a cascaded H-bridge 5 level inverter in terms of harmonic distortion generated and injected into the grid. Through an accurate analysis that takes into account the pulse width modulation (PWM) multicarrier modulation techniques (phase disposition PD, phase opposition disposition POD, alternative phase opposition disposition APOD, phase shifted PS) and related reference signals (sinusoidal reference; third harmonic injection THI reference, switching frequency optimal SFO reference), a framework of distorting harmonics is presented by comparing twelve cases. The results obtained from the simulations are reproduced and validated in a prototype system of five level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. A deep discussion of control and filtering system is provided to justify the choice of the best modulation technique to adopt.

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I Made Wiwit Kastawan. "TEKNIK NATURAL SAMPLING PWM INVERTER TIGA LEVEL." Jurnal Teknik Energi 2, no. 2 (2020): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/energi.v2i2.1778.

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    Tulisan ini menampilkan bahasan tentang teknik natural sampling PWM untuk inverter diode clamped tiga-fasa. Teknik natural sampling PWM dengan komposisi sinyal carrier berbeda yaitu disposisi sinyal carrier (level-shifted) dan disposisi sinyal carrier dengan pergeseran fasa (phase-shifted) masing - masing untuk sinyal referensi sinusoidal dan sinyal referensi sinusoidal yang diinjeksi dengan gelombang harmonisa ketiga dibahas dan dilihat pengaruhnya terhadap unjuk kerja inverter diode clamped tiga-level tiga-fasa ditinjau dari sisi harmonisa gelombang atau riak arus keluarannya melalui simulasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa teknik natural sampling PWM level-shifted menghasilkan unjuk kerja inverter yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan teknik natural sampling PWM phase-shifted.   

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Reddy, Ch Lokeshwar, P. Satish Kumar, and M. Sushama. "Performance Comparison of Star Connected Cascaded STATCOM Using Different PWM Techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 3 (2017): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i3.pp1303-1319.

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Five control algorithms are presented in this paper for STATCOM that meets the requirement of load reactive power and correspondingly voltage balancing of isolated dc capacitors for H-bridges. The control techniques used for an inverter in this paper are Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM techniques. The STATCOM performance for the different load changes is simulated in MATLAB environment. The performance parameters such as balancing the DC link voltage, THD for the STATCOM output currents, voltages, and reactive components supplied by the STATCOM to the load are compared for all the control strategies.

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Steinhorn, R. H., J. A. Russell, and F. C. Morin. "Disruption of cGMP production in pulmonary arteries isolated from fetal lambs with pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 4 (1995): H1483—H1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.4.h1483.

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Ligation of the ductus arteriosus of the fetal sheep produces severe pulmonary hypertension at birth. Standard tissue bath techniques were used to study third- and fourth-generation pulmonary arteries and veins isolated from fetal sheep with pulmonary hypertension created by ligation of the ductus arteriosus 11–12 days before birth as well as from age-matched control sheep. Vessels pretreated with indomethacin and propranolol were submaximally preconstricted with norepinephrine before exposure to A-23187 (10(-8) to 3 x 10(-7) M), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10(-9) to 10(-5) M), and nitric oxide (NO) gas (1-973 ppm). Pulmonary veins in both control and ligated animals relaxed similarly and completely to A-23187, SNP, and NO. Control pulmonary arteries relaxed by 16 +/- 2% to A-23187 and relaxed completely to SNP and NO, with concentration-response curves shifted rightward of those observed in pulmonary veins. Pulmonary arteries from ligated animals did not relax at all to A-23187. SNP relaxations in ligated arteries were shifted rightward of control. Ligated arteries relaxed by only 11 +/- 5% to the highest dose of NO. However, control and ligated pulmonary arteries relaxed similarly to 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP; 10(-5) to 10(-3) M) and atrial natriuretic peptide (10(-9) to 10(-7) M). These data are most simply explained by decreased arterial vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to NO at the level of soluble guanylate cyclase.

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Bakhsh, Allah, Changjun Cho, Kei Anne Baritugo, et al. "Production and Analytical Aspects of Natural Pigments to Enhance Alternative Meat Product Color." Foods 12, no. 6 (2023): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061281.

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Color is a major feature that strongly influences the consumer’s perception, selection, and acceptance of various foods. An improved understanding regarding bio-safety protocols, health welfare, and the nutritional importance of food colorants has shifted the attention of the scientific community toward natural pigments to replace their toxic synthetic counterparts. However, owing to safety and toxicity concerns, incorporating natural colorants directly from viable sources into plant-based meat (PBM) has many limitations. Nonetheless, over time, safe and cheap extraction techniques have been developed to extract the purified form of coloring agents from raw materials to be incorporated into PBM products. Subsequently, extracted anthocyanin has displayed compounds like Delphinidin-3-mono glucoside (D3G) at 3.1 min and Petunidin-3-mono glucoside (P3G) at 5.1 277, 515, and 546 nm at chromatographic lambda. Fe-pheophytin was successfully generated from chlorophyll through the ion exchange method. Likewise, the optical density (OD) of synthesized leghemoglobin (LegH) indicated that pBHA bacteria grow more rigorously containing ampicillin with a dilution factor of 10 after 1 h of inoculation. The potential LegH sequence was identified at 2500 bp through gel electrophoresis. The color coordinates and absorbance level of natural pigments showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with the control. The development of coloring agents originating from natural sources for PBM can be considered advantageous compared to animal myoglobin in terms of health and functionality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce natural coloring agents for PBM by extracting and developing chlorophyll from spinach, extracting anthocyanins from black beans, and inserting recombinant plasmids into microorganisms to produce LegH.

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N, Harikrishna, and Kumaraswamy I. "Reduced component Nine Level Inverter with Level Shifted Modulation Controls." E3S Web of Conferences 616 (2025): 03020. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561603020.

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This article introduces a novel approach to nine-level inverters with trinary input and level shifted modulation control. The technique employs Level Shifted (LS) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) on a newly proposed topology called Trinary Source Fed Nine-Level Inverter (TSFNLI). The TSFNLI utilizes trinary geometric DC links and minimizes the number of devices required. With eight switches, including 2 bidirectional switching devices, the suggested TSFNLI generates nine levels, achieving the highest voltage level compared to specific sequences while using fewer DC links and devices. Notably, the design produces a negative level without the need for additional circuits like an H-bridge, resulting in reduced voltage stress on switches. In each operating mode, only three switches conduct, leading to fewer switching shifts, lower switching and conduction losses. The LS-PWM technique is applied to the TSFNLI to enhance the Resultant Voltage quality, incorporating Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD) approaches Simulations conducted using MATLAB-SIMULINK reveal that the APOD methodology reduces THD and distortion factor, while offering higher fundamental RMS Resultant Voltage and Form Factor.

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Drajat, Mohamad Subur, Dede Lilis Chaerowati, and Tia Muthiah Umar. "Literasi Media Digital bagi Pemilih Pemula di Aisyiyah Boarding School Bandung." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 9, no. 12 (2024): 2193–202. https://doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v9i12.7647.

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Novice voters are sometimes considered swing voters in unanimous choice decisions. Meanwhile, according to several surveys, the millennial generation is projected to have the highest proportion of voters in the 2024 elections. The proliferation of false information, sometimes referred to as fake news or hoaxes, is a significant challenge in the present digital age. Furthermore, novice voters represent the largest demographic of digital media consumers. Therefore, it is essential to provide rookie voters with sufficient knowledge and abilities to effectively discern and counteract the dissemination of false information. The objective of this PKM is to enhance the digital media literacy knowledge and abilities of novice voters at 'Aisyiyah Boarding School Bandung in preparation for the 2024 Election. During this PKM activity, participants acquired knowledge of election literacy, election political communication, and election digital media for inexperienced voters. They also developed skills to articulate their opinions about leaders and election participation, as well as the ability to critically evaluate election information as informed voters. The techniques employed encompass training, interactive dialogues, and practical application of the ABCD (Assets Based Community Development) methodology. The outcomes of PKM activities indicate a rise in participants' knowledge, as seen by the changes in scores on the pretest and posttest assessments. The average level of knowledge has shifted from moderate to high. The participant's proficiency in articulating thoughts about leaders and engaging in election participation, as well as their aptitude for becoming astute voters and their capacity to verify election material in digital media, also improved.

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Pham, Le Nam, and Quoc Dung Phan. "Self-aligned hybrid carrier-based PWM for modular multilevel converters." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 2 (2023): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp909-920.

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The self-aligned hybrid carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) for modular multilevel converters (MMC) based on decentralized control is proposed in this paper. It is based on parallel cells in a submodule (SM) using self-aligned hybrid carrier-based PWM, which combines the concept of level-shifted carrier-based PWM (LSC-PWM) and phase-shifted carrier-based PWM (PSC-PWM) methods. By implementing a decentralized control system digitally, hybrid carriers align themselves. Each SM interacts with the other SMs and each parallel cell in an SM communicates with the other cells to generate hybrid carriers. The proposed control strategy makes advantage of the redundancy idea by adding or removing a cell in the case of cell malfunction and system reconfiguration. A current balancing method is incorporated into the decentralized control system to ensure current balance among parallel cells in an SM. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the presented control method in piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation (PLECS) software.

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Deekshit, K. K. C., and M. Vijaya Krishna. "Comparison of Phase Shifted PWM Techniques for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter." i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering 3, no. 1 (2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.3.1.2036.

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Mikkili, Suresh, Raghu Vamsi Krishna, Praveen Kumar Bonthagorla, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Performance Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter with NPC Sub-Modules in Photovoltaic Grid-Integration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031219.

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In this article, a three-phase modular multilevel converter (MMC) with three-level neutral point clamped converter (NPC) sub-modules (SMs) along with the placement of transformers in place of arm inductors is proposed for PV grid integration. Compared to the traditional MMCs, the proposed configuration reduces the voltage and power rating for the switches and the requirement of a high capacitor bank. In order to analyze the performance of the proposed converter arrangement, we have implemented four pulse width modulation schemes, such as Sine PWM with phase-level shifted carrier (SPWMLSC), Sine PWM with a phase-shifted carrier (SPWMPSC), Sine with the third harmonic injected level-shifted carrier (STHILSC), and Sine with the third harmonic injected phase-shifted carrier (STHIPSC). The proposed converter was simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Under normal and faulty operation, the results were presented with their performance indices of voltage and current harmonic distortion and sub-module capacitor voltage ripples at various modulation indices.

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Akhmetov, Zhansen, Manel Hammami, Gabriele Grandi, and Alex Ruderman. "On PWM Strategies and Current THD for Single- and Three-Phase Cascade H-Bridge Inverters with Non-Equal DC Sources." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030441.

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Cascade H-bridge (CHB) inverter is an attractive choice for integration of DC sources of different nature, e.g., for distributed generation with energy storage, photovoltaic generation, etc. In general, non-equal DC voltage sources can affect the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the CHB by introducing undesirable low-frequency subharmonics. This paper investigates different level-shifted (LS) and phase-shifted (PS) pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies for single- and three-phase cascade H-bridge inverters with non-equal DC sources from the load current THD minimization perspective. The best current quality is provided by LS PWM, as reported in the literature. The paper provides a simple time domain explanation of LS PWM superiority. However, PS PWM may be a preferable choice for practical applications due to fair power and loss sharing across individual H-bridges. The paper explains how to obtain the best current quality by PS PWM carriers’ order arrangement (DC sources switching sequence selection).

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Liu, Jianfeng, Renxi Gong, and Yuanyuan Zhang. "Modified RPWM Strategy Based on Level-Shifted Random Carrier and Power Balance to Reduce the PWM Voltage Noise in Three-Phase CHB Inverters." Electronics 12, no. 3 (2023): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030744.

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Aimed at the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage noise and power imbalance in three-phase cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverters, a modified random PWM (RPWM) strategy, named the power-balanced RPWM (PB-RPWM) strategy, is proposed in this paper. The PB-RPWM strategy mainly includes three steps: (1) random pulse signals are generated by compared modulation wave with level-shifted random carriers; (2) the random pulse signals are circularly distributed between CHB units by a logic operation method, and then the driving pulse signals of switching devices are produced; (3) the driving pulse signals are used to control the inverter. Under the PB-RPWM strategy, the spectra of the line voltage become uniform and continuous, that is, the PWM voltage noise of the line voltage can be effectively reduced. The output voltage of a single H-bridge unit can contain three basic voltages within 3/2 TA, that is, the power balance between CHB units can be realized. When compared with conventional non-random and random PWM strategies, the PB-RPWM strategy has a lower PWM voltage noise and smaller total harmonic distortion (THD). When compared with the level-shifted PWM (LS-PWM) strategy, the PB-RPWM strategy has a balanced power performance. The effectiveness and feasibility of the PB-RPWM strategy is verified by abundant simulations and experiments.

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Patel, Satish D. "Simulation Based on High Switching Frequency H-Bridge 5-Level Multilevel Inverter Using Level Shifted In Phase Disposition (IPD) Modulation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 569–75. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66891.

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Analytical solutions of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategies for multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge inverters are presented. These solutions show that the Phase Disposition (PD) PWM strategy for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel inverters are presented, When the carrier frequencies are adjusted to achieve the same number of total switch transitions for each inverter over one fundamental cycle. From this understanding, a method is proposed to apply the harmonically superior Phase Disposition (PD) PWM strategy for NPC inverters to Cascaded inverters, to achieve improved harmonic performance for the modulation of cascade inverters. Both theoretical and simulated results are compared and in this paper are archived result on a Simulation Based on High Swishing frequency H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Using phase shifted Modulation using Matlab software.

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Jayakumar, Vinoth, Bharatiraja C, Santhakumar C, and Josiah Lange Munda. "Performance Analysis of Five-Phase NPC MLI with Phase Shifting Carrier Pulse Width Modulation." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 7581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.7581ecst.

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The five-phase loads with Multi-Level Inverters (MLI) are preferred by industries in high and medium power applications due to lower switching loss, voltage stress across switches, etc. The controlling of a five-phase motor drive is done by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques. This paper discusses different multi carrier PWM techniques, such as Level Shifting Carrier (LSC) PWM and Phase Shifting Carrier (PSC) PWM techniques available for controlling the inverter drive. The simulation is carried out for all PWM techniques and load voltage, voltage THD, Common Mode Voltage (CMV), and DC-link voltages are noted and compared among the PWM techniques.

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Lare, Pakedam, Byamakesh Nayak, Srikanta Dash, and Jiban Ballav Sahu. "Adaptive Phase-Shifted PWM based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Unequal Dc-link Voltages." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (2018): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.25756.

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The cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter has been found a promising technology in industrial applications because of its higher voltage with less distortion production. Various PWMs techniques have been proposed to push the harmonics frequencies higher than the switching frequency and thus reduces the THD as compared to non-carrier control technique based upon grid frequency. The Phase-Shifted PWM technique has an advantage over others PWM techniques because its harmonics orders are multiples of switching frequency and also depend on the number of levels of the inverter. The phase shifting angle is uniform when the equal voltage sources are adopted. However, in applications where sets of different voltage source levels feed the H-Bridge cells, the Phase Shifted PWM suffers its high order harmonics elimination capability. As a solution to alleviate this problem, an adaptive variable angle approach is proposed in this paper using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to eliminate desired higher order harmonics. The algorithm is used to minimize the cost function based on high order sideband harmonics elimination equations. The results through MATLAB/Simulink environment shown in this paper confirm the reduction of sideband harmonics of higher orders, and the overall THD.

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Rakesh, Shriwastava, Gosavi Sonali, S. Khule Shridhar, Hadpe Somnath, and P. Thakre Mohan. "A novel PWM technique for reduced switch count multilevel inverter in renewable power applications." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 12, no. 1 (2023): 1~12. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v12.i1.pp1-12.

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This paper described a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) technique in reduced switch count multilevel inverter (MLI) for renewable power applications. Therefore, the proposed technique finds a better solution in the multilevel inverters used for improving power quality, efficiency and reduction of switching and conduction losses. It produces a smoother sinusoidal output waveform with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) using different modulation technique. The novel PWM technique consists of nearest level control (NLC) and level shift pulse width modulation (LSPWM). Normally semiconducting devices are added for increasing number of levels. It affects the power quality and efficiency due to losses. In this work, MLI topology with reduced number of switches count for NLC and LSPWM is presented. The single-phase and three-phase inverter configuration is used in proposed mythology. Detailed simulation results for 7-level inverter of single and three-phase inverters are presented in this paper. It is observed that NLC method is better efficiency and reduced THD than LSPWM for better utilization in renewable power applications.

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Awalludin, A., and C. L. Toh. "Harmonic Mitigation in Traction Supply Substation Using Cascaded H-Bridge Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (2018): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1745-1754.

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The conventional three-level inverter has been proposed to act as a recuperating converter in Traction Supply Substation. This converter is mainly used to feed back the regenerative braking energy to the grid. However, passive filter is desired to mitigate the current and voltage harmonics. Therefore, this paper investigates the possibility to use a seven-level Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter as the recuperating converter without additional filtering. The proposed converter is modeled with MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. It is then simulated with two potential modulation schemes, namely Phase-Shifted PWM (PS-PWM) and Phase-Disposition PWM (PD-PWM). The quality of AC waveforms produced by these two modulation methods is compared and studied. The results show that PS-PWM technique is preferable for this application as it offered a clean AC current waveform with less than 5% harmonic distortion. However, a twenty-one-level CHB was predicted to comply with the 8% voltage harmonic requirement.

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Shaji, Liju, and Praveen Bansal. "A Novel 9-Level Switched Capacitor Inverter Using Different Carrier Based PWM Techniques." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (2020): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun1076.

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In this paper, a new 9-level inverter employing switched capacitor technique is proposed. Three bidirectional voltage blocking switches are employed to connect the four H-bridges and to incorporate the three switched capacitors. The proposed multilevel inverter (MLI) circuit outputs a 9-level waveform with a maximum boosting factor of four. Unlike the already established switched capacitor based MLI consisting of two stages the proposed MLI is single stage inverter. The switches in the proposed MLI is subjected to a low value of voltage stress equal to Vdc. The proposed MLI is further analyzed by using various multicarrier sinusoidal PWM technique such as Phase Shift PWM (PSPWM), Phase disposition PWM (PDPWM), Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (PODPWM), Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (APODPWM) and Variable Frequency PWM (VFPWM).

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Tariq, Mohd, Mohammad Meraj, Abdul Azeem, Ali I. Maswood, Atif Iqbal, and Bharatiraja Chokkalingam. "Evaluation of Level-Shifted and Phase-Shifted PWM Schemes for Seven Level Single-Phase Packed U Cell Inverter." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 3, no. 3 (2018): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2018.00023.

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Budo, Kohei, and Takaharu Takeshita. "Isolated Medium-Voltage AC-DC Converter Using Level-Shifted PWM Control." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 141, no. 7 (2021): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.141.561.

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., Vivek Saini, Nikhil Kumar Nigam, and Joginder Singh. "Harmonic Analysis of Various SPWM Techniques for three Phase Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter in MATLAB/Simulink Environment." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 3 (2017): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.531709.

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With advances in solid-state power electronic devices and microprocessors, various pulse-width-modulation (PWM) techniques have been developed for industrial applications. For example, PWM-based three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) convert DC power to AC power with variable voltage magnitude and variable frequency. This paper discusses the advantages and drawbacks of three different PWM techniques: the sinusoidal PWM(SPWM) technique, the third-harmonic-injection PWM(THIPWM) technique, and the bus-clamped PWM (BCPWM) technique. These three methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectra of various output voltages (poles voltages, line-to-neutral voltages, and line-to-line voltages) and their total harmonic distortion (THD).

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Sochor, Paul, and Hirofumi Akagi. "Theoretical and Experimental Comparison Between Phase-Shifted PWM and Level-Shifted PWM in a Modular Multilevel SDBC Inverter for Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Applications." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 5 (2017): 4695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2704539.

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Prasanna, Lakshmi, and T. R. Jyothsna. "A Novel Hybrid PWM Technique for Asymmetric Inverter." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 22 (December 31, 2023): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2023.22.25.

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Multi-Level Inverters (MLIs) are achieving broad popularity owing to the rapid development of power semiconductor devices. The capability of MLIs became recognized as a significant aspect of a system heavily reliant on Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) strategy. The conventional high frequency PWM techniques suffer from significant Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) along with power loss difficulties. This work recommends a hybrid PWM technique for lowering the THD and power loss of VSI adding the benefits of level-shift PWM and Phase-shift PWM. A novel form of carrier signals is employed in the proposed hybrid PWM technique. In contrast to existing PWM techniques, the proposed hybrid PWM technique minimizes switching and conduction power losses. In this work, the proposed PWM scheme is employed for asymmetric multilevel inverter. The proposed configuration is also examined using PLECS software to estimate losses and efficiency. The simulation work is done in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and the OPAL-RT(OP4510) test platform is employed to evaluate topology performance.

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Arun, Vijayakumar, Thunga Nageswara Prasad, Sundaramoorthy Prabhu, and Nagarajan Ashokkumar. "Nine level switched capacitor inverter with level shifted pulse width modulation approach." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 1 (2024): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i1.pp130-137.

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This article proposes a nine-level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) with a minimum number of switches. In recent years, switching capacitor (SC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become one of the most common inverter topologies. These proposed nine level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) do not deserve any external control unit for capacitor control. Since, the charging and discharging of the capacitors are controlled by the on and off states of switches. Furthermore, by employing fewer switches and DC voltage sources, the suggested design produces a greater amount of resultant voltage. Additionally, pulse width modulation (PWM) is recommended as a method to enhance output quality and power level quality. The switched-capacitor two-output multilevel inverter (SCMLI) structure's viability and effectiveness have been demonstrated using MATLAB simulation.

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Arun, Vijayakumar, Thunga Nageswara Prasad, Sundaramoorthy Prabhu, and Nagarajan Ashokkumar. "Nine level switched capacitor inverter with level shifted pulse width modulation approach." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 1 (2023): 130–37. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i1.pp130-137.

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This article proposes a nine-level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) with a minimum number of switches. In recent years, switching capacitor (SC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become one of the most common inverter topologies. These proposed nine level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) do not deserve any external control unit for capacitor control. Since, the charging and discharging of the capacitors are controlled by the on and off states of switches. Furthermore, by employing fewer switches and DC voltage sources, the suggested design produces a greater amount of resultant voltage. Additionally, pulse width modulation (PWM) is recommended as a method to enhance output quality and power level quality. The switched-capacitor two-output multilevel inverter (SCMLI) structure's viability and effectiveness have been demonstrated using MATLAB simulation.

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Li, Yi Dan, Du Ting Wang, Hong Ming Kang, and Hong Fang Ru. "Application of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for High Voltage Grid-Connected PV System." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.17.

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The cascaded multilevel inverter may be the best topology to satisfy continuously increasing capacity and scale of grid-connected photovoltaic generation system due to its modularized circuit layout and sufficiently high operating voltage without devices in series. The operating principle of the cascaded multilevel inverter is presented. The control strategy of carrier phase shift PWM is proposed and discussed in detail. A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system based on a seven level cascaded inverter is provided. Simulation model of a seven level cascaded inverter with phase shifted PWM is built in Simulink environment and simulation results verify that the cascaded multilevel inverter can output high level voltage without devices in series, reduce harmonics, and output high quality waveforms.

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Kumar, Mukesh. "Performance of a Five-Phase, Eleven-Level Inverter Using Various PWM Techniques with Fewer Switches." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 220–26. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.68223.

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Abstract: In this paper, various Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques are used to evaluate the performance of an11-level, five-phase inverter with fewer switches. The suggested topology maintains high output quality and efficiency while reducing the number of switches. By using fewer semiconduc-tor devices, the inverter’s design improves fault tolerance and reliability while lowering overall system costs, switching losses, and complexity. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), switching losses, and voltage stress are examined for a number of PWM techniques, such as Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), Space Vector PWM (SVPWM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHEPWM). The comparative analysis emphasizes each PWM technique’s benefits in terms of improving power quality and suppressing harmonics.. To further illustrate the superiority of multiphase systems in terms of increased efficiency and fault tolerance, a thorough comparison between three-phase and five- phase 11-level inverters is provided. The suggested inverter topology is a feasible choice for high-performance industrial and renewable energy applications since simulation results confirmits efficacy in lowering THD and increasing power conversion efficiency..

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Journal articles on the topic 'Level shifted PWM techniques'

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