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Journal articles on the topic 'Levelized cost'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Schilling, Lukas. "Levelized Product Cost." Controlling 34, no. 4 (2022): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2022-4-35.

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Levelized Product Cost sind ein Konzept der Lebenszykluskosten und stellen, betrachtet über den Lebenszyklus einer Anlage, die gesamten Kosten inklusive der durch die Anfangsinvestition entstehenden und allen während des Betriebs der Anlage anfallenden Kosten einer Produkteinheit dar. Das Konzept wird häufig bei der Ermittlung der Stromgestehungskosten angewandt, um die Rentabilität verschiedener Technologien zur Energiegewinnung, wie Wind- und Solarkraftwerke, miteinander zu vergleichen. Ein Vergleich der Stromgestehungskosten erneuerbarer Energieanlagen mit konventionellen Kraftwerken für da

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Capitan, Olga. "FEASIBILITY PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS BIOFUELS FROM WASTE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA." Journal of Social Sciences III (1) (March 23, 2020): 56–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724635.

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This paper deals with the cost of biogas and syngas produced from biodegradable waste was determined, at different capacities, which correspond to the powers of gas recovery plants for the purpose of electricity production in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The evolution rates of the annual cost of gases were determined. There were determined the levelized cost of biogas and syngas, which was compared with the levelized cost of natural gas. In order to ensure the comparability of these costs with that of natural gas, there are considered the levelized costs of biogases equivalent to

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3

BEMIS, GERALD R., and MICHAEL DoANGELIS. "LEVELIZED COST OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES." Contemporary Economic Policy 8, no. 3 (1990): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00654.x.

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4

Ebenhoch, Raphael, Denis Matha, Sheetal Marathe, Paloma Cortes Muñoz, and Climent Molins. "Comparative Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis." Energy Procedia 80 (2015): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.413.

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5

Vatavuk, William M. "The OAQPS control cost manual vs. Levelized cost method." Environmental Progress 19, no. 4 (2000): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190414.

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6

Reichelstein, Stefan, and Anna Rohlfing-Bastian. "Levelized Product Cost: Concept and Decision Relevance." Accounting Review 90, no. 4 (2014): 1653–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51009.

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ABSTRACT We examine a life-cycle cost concept that applies to both manufacturing and service industries in which upfront capacity investments are essential. Borrowing from the energy literature, we refer to this cost measure as the Levelized Product Cost (LC). Per unit of output, the levelized cost aggregates a share of the initial capacity investment with periodic fixed and variable operating costs. We relate this cost measure to the notion of full cost, as commonly calculated in managerial accounting texts. Our analysis identifies conditions under which the LC can be interpreted as the long-

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7

Stavy, Michael. "A Financial Worksheet for Computing the Cost (¢/kWh) of Solar Electricity Generated at Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Generating Plants." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 3 (2002): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1488162.

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This paper discusses the technical, financial, and economic principles underlying the levelized cost method of computing the cost of solar electricity. Topics include the levelized cost method, solar radiation, solar panel efficiency, depreciation, cost of capital, fixed and variable operating and maintenance costs, and taxes. The paper includes the worksheet, “Levelized Cost Worksheet for a 1 kW Solar Electric Generating Plant.” Its benchmark values are for a model solar plant located in Chicago, IL. The paper discusses these benchmark values as it analyzes the worksheet’s constants (capacity

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8

Belderbos, Andreas, Erik Delarue, Kris Kessels, and William D'haeseleer. "Levelized cost of storage — Introducing novel metrics." Energy Economics 67 (September 2017): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.08.022.

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9

Montenegro Nunes, Matheus, Rafael Castilho Faria Mendes, Sergio de Oliveira Frontin, Taygoara Felamingo de Oliveira, Rudi Henri van Els, and Antonio Cesar Pinho Brasil Junior. "Levelized Cost of Electricity for hydrokinetic turbines." IEEE Latin America Transactions 21, no. 9 (2023): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2023.10251805.

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10

Chai, Zhe, Xing Chen, Shuo Yin, et al. "Construction of a new levelled cost model for energy storage based on LCOE and learning curve." E3S Web of Conferences 338 (2022): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233801049.

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New energy storage is essential to the realization of the “dual carbon” goal and the new power system with new energy as the main body, but its cost is relatively high and the economy is poor at present. This paper studies the levelized cost of new energy storage based on the whole life cycle perspective. Based on LCOE and learning curve methods, a new levelled cost estimation model and prediction model for energy storage are constructed. Based on the latest development status of electrochemical new energy storage, the levelized cost of energy of lithium-ion batteries, flow-aluminum batteries,

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Bekele, Endeshaw, Alessandro Ciancio, Axel Riccardo Massulli, and Livio de Santoli. "Hydrogen Valleys for Local Energy System Decarbonization: An Assessment of the Environmental and Economic Aspects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2893, no. 1 (2024): 012085. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2893/1/012085.

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Abstract The necessity to address the adverse impact of global climate change has led to the widespread adoption of clean energy and the prioritization of decarbonising “hard-to-abate” sectors. This work aims to investigate the environmental and economic aspects of a Hydrogen Valley to facilitate the decarbonization of local energy systems and to integrate the hydrogen value chain across various stages from production to utilization. The southern Italian province of Taranto was selected for the case study, and the energy system is modelled in EnergyPLAN software considering the ‘business as us

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Xu, Yan, Kun Yang, and Jiahai Yuan. "Levelized cost of offshore wind power in China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 20 (2021): 25614–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12382-2.

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13

Szymański, Adam. "Levelized cost of energy definition – An economic paradox." Electricity Journal 33, no. 7 (2020): 106816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2020.106816.

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Özmen, Ayşe, and Ng Szu Hui. "Predictive modeling for levelized cost of green ammonia." Applied Energy 398 (November 2025): 126399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126399.

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15

Hamid, N. A., M. F. Suparin, T. Gokila, and L. S. Ewe. "Design Cost and Scaling Model of Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator for Electricity Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.758.

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This paper reports on the design cost and scaling model of a small scale superconducting wind turbine generator, where the levelized cost of energy (COE) was calculated. The proposed design of the wind turbine is based on the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) type that drives the superconducting generator. VAWT was chosen due to its ability to operate under low wind speed. Wind turbine using superconducting generator was proposed since it is able to enhance magnetic flux within the stator of the generator and consequently improve the performance of the generator. Once the design has been accom

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Parkinson, B., P. Balcombe, J. F. Speirs, A. D. Hawkes, and K. Hellgardt. "Levelized cost of CO2 mitigation from hydrogen production routes." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02079e.

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Murat Cekirge, Huseyin. "Modified Levelized Cost of Electricity or Energy, MLOCE and Modified Levelized Avoidable Cost of Electricity or Energy, MLACE and Decision Making." American Journal of Modern Energy 5, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20190501.11.

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18

Ma, Haoyuan, and Zhan Liu. "An Engine Exhaust Utilization System by Combining CO2 Brayton Cycle and Transcritical Organic Rankine Cycle." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031276.

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For engine exhaust gas heat recovery, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) cannot be directly used due to the thermal stability and safety of organic fluids. Thus, a creative power system is given by integrating the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and transcritical ORC. This system can directly utilize the thermal energy of a high-temperature exhaust gas. The inefficiencies in the heat exchangers are highly reduced by using supercritical working fluid. The mathematical model of the system, covering both the thermodynamic and economic aspects, is built in detail. It is found that the highest irrever

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19

Zhang, Wenzuo, Xinying Li, Jiezhi Yang, Jianguo Liu, and Chuanbo Xu. "Economic analysis of hydrogen production from China’s province-level power grid considering carbon emissions." Clean Energy 7, no. 1 (2023): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac091.

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Abstract Hydrogen energy contributes to China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutralization by serving as an important energy carrier. However, the calculation of the cost of hydrogen production by the power grid ignores the current cost of carbon emissions. To measure the cost of hydrogen-production projects in various provinces more comprehensively and accurately, this study incorporates the carbon-emission cost into the traditional levelized cost of hydrogen model. An analysis of the energy structure of the power supply is conducted in each province of China to calculate carbon-emission costs,

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20

Povacz, Leonhard, and Ramchandra Bhandari. "Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Renewable Hydrogen in Austria." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054575.

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Austria is committed to the net-zero climate goal along with the European Union. This requires all sectors to be decarbonized. Hereby, hydrogen plays a vital role as stated in the national hydrogen strategy. A report commissioned by the Austrian government predicts a minimum hydrogen demand of 16 TWh per year in Austria in 2040. Besides hydrogen imports, domestic production can ensure supply. Hence, this study analyses the levelized cost of hydrogen for an off-grid production plant including a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, wind power and solar photovoltaics in Austria. In the first st

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21

Thai, Clinton, and Jack Brouwer. "Comparative Levelized Cost Analysis of Transmitting Renewable Solar Energy." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041880.

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A bottom-up cost analysis for delivering utility-scale PV-generated electricity as hydrogen through pipelines and as electricity through power is undertaken. Techno-economic, generation, and demand data for California are used to calculate the levelized cost of transmitting (LCOT) energy and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) prior to distribution. High-voltage levels of 230 kV and 500 kV and 24-inch and 36-inch pipelines for 100 to 700 miles of transmission are considered. At 100 miles of transmission, the cost of transmission between each medium is comparable. At longer distances, the

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22

Urs, Rahul Rajeevkumar, Assia Chadly, Ameena Al Sumaiti, and Ahmad Mayyas. "Techno-economic analysis of green hydrogen as an energy-storage medium for commercial buildings." Clean Energy 7, no. 1 (2023): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac083.

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Abstract Green-hydrogen production is vital in mitigating carbon emissions and is being adopted globally. In its transition to a more diverse energy mix with a bigger share for renewable energy, United Arab Emirates (UAE) has committed to investing billions of dollars in the production of green hydrogen. This study presents the results of the techno-economic assessment of a green-hydrogen-based commercial-building microgrid design in the UAE. The microgrid has been designed based on the building load demand, green-hydrogen production potential utilizing solar photovoltaic (PV) energy and discr

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23

Tjahjono, Martin, Isabella Stevani, Gracheilla A. Siswanto, Arief Adhitya, and Iskandar Halim. "Assessing the feasibility of gray, blue, and green ammonia productions in Indonesia: A techno-economic and environmental perspective." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, no. 6 (2023): 1030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.58035.

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Ammonia, owing to its carbon-free attributes, stands as a promising alternative for replacing fossil-based fuels. This study investigates the techno-economic and environmental aspects of gray, blue, and green ammonia production in Indonesia. In this regard, a spreadsheet-based decision support system has been developed to analyze the levelized cost of each mode of ammonia production and their cost sensitivity across various parameters. The results of the analysis show a levelized cost of gray ammonia of $297 (USD) per ton, which is strongly affected by natural gas prices and carbon taxation. B

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24

Zeitoun, Obida, Jamel Orfi, Salah Ud-Din Khan, and Hany AlAnsary. "Desalinated Water Costs from Steam, Combined, and Nuclear Cogeneration Plants Using Power and Heat Allocation Methods." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062752.

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This work presents a detailed thermo-economic analysis of unit water costs from dual-purpose cogeneration plants. The power levelized cost was first calculated for stand-alone steam, nuclear, and combined-cycle power plants. The cost of energy needed to operate the desalination systems connected to power plants was evaluated based on two different approaches: power- and heat-allocated methods. Numerical models based on the heat and mass balances of the power and desalination plants’ components were developed and validated. Comprehensive and updated data generated using Desaldata libraries were

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25

Fairuz, Riadhi, Eko Adhi Setiawan, and Ikhsan Hernanda. "Mapping and Analysis of Initial cost Against Levelized Cost of Energy for Residential PV Rooftoop in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186701024.

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Future electricity tariffs are expected to increase. To overcome this condition, arise the idea how the residential can generate its own electricity by exploiting the potential of solar energy. However, there are some constraints in its implementation due to the difference of the initial cost and sales from solar PV systems in various region of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of initial cost on the levelized cost of energy from the system. This study uses the calculation of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) and economic feasibility analysis through the calculation

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26

Darling, Seth B., Fengqi You, Thomas Veselka, and Alfonso Velosa. "Assumptions and the levelized cost of energy for photovoltaics." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 9 (2011): 3133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00698j.

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Schmidt, Oliver, Sylvain Melchior, Adam Hawkes, and Iain Staffell. "Projecting the Future Levelized Cost of Electricity Storage Technologies." Joule 3, no. 1 (2019): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.008.

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28

Ho, Clifford K., and James E. Pacheco. "Levelized Cost of Coating (LCOC) for selective absorber materials." Solar Energy 108 (October 2014): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.05.017.

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29

Branker, K., M. J. M. Pathak, and J. M. Pearce. "A review of solar photovoltaic levelized cost of electricity." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 9 (2011): 4470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.104.

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30

Cristea, Maria, Ciprian Cristea, Radu-Adrian Tîrnovan, and Florica Mioara Șerban. "Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of Different Photovoltaic Technologies." Applied Sciences 15, no. 12 (2025): 6710. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126710.

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Renewable energy sources are critical to the global effort to achieve carbon neutrality. Alongside hydropower, wind and nuclear plants, the photovoltaic (PV) systems developed greatly, with new PV technologies emerging in recent years. Although the conversion efficiencies are improving and the materials used have a lower impact on the environment, the feasibility of these technologies is required to be assessed. This paper proposes a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) model to assess the feasibility of five PV technologies: high-efficiency silicon heterojunction cells (HJT), N-type monocrystallin

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31

Sing, Calvin Kong Leng, Jeng Shiun Lim, Timothy Gordon Walmsley, Peng Yen Liew, Masafumi Goto, and Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Bin Shaikh Salim. "Time-Dependent Integration of Solar Thermal Technology in Industrial Processes." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062322.

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Solar energy is currently an underutilized renewable energy source that could fulfill low-temperature industrial heat demands with significant potential in high solar irradiance counties such as Malaysia. This study proposes a new systematic method for optimization of solar heat integration for different process options to minimize the levelized cost of heat by combining different methods from the literature. A case study from the literature is presented to demonstrate the proposed method combined with meteorological data in Malaysia. The method estimates capital cost and levelized cost of sol

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Hanifi, Hamed, Bengt Jaeckel, Matthias Pander, David Dassler, Sagarika Kumar, and Jens Schneider. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Half-Cell Modules for Desert Climates: An Overview on Power, Performance, Durability and Costs." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093219.

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Photovoltaic modules in desert areas benefit from high irradiation levels but suffer from harsh environmental stress factors, which influence the Levelized Cost of Electricity by decreasing the lifetime and performance and increasing the maintenance costs. Using optimized half-cell module designs mounted in the most efficient orientation according to the plant requirements can lead to reduced production costs, increased energy yield and longer service lives for PV modules in desert areas. In this work, we review the technical advantages of half-cell modules in desert regions and discuss the po

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33

Homeida, Azzam, Omar Algrouni, Shafiqur Rehman, and Zeeshan Anwar. "Techno-economic analysis of a wind/ solar PV hybrid power system to provide electricity for green hydrogen production." FME Transactions 52, no. 4 (2024): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2404647h.

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Green hydrogen (GH) is recognized as a fundamental pillar in shaping a sustainable global future. The process involves the hydrolysis of water with sustainable electrical sources. This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of hybrid renewable wind and solar power systems in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, to provide clean energy to enhance carbon-natural petrochemical operations. The implementation of Energy Compensation Policies, such as Net Energy Metering or Net Energy Billing Mechanisms, has a substantial influence on the financial viability of GH Plant. The present research compared the impact

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Bjørni, F. A., S. Lien, T. Aa Midtgarden, L. C. Santos, and Z. Jiang. "Life cycle cost analysis of a floating wind farm in the Norwegian Sea." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1294, no. 1 (2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1294/1/012006.

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Abstract The offshore wind energy industry has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade. Still, there is a lack of commercial floating wind projects due to the relatively high development costs and other factors. To facilitate the holistic evaluation of floating wind farms in Norway, this article investigates the levelized cost of energy of a floating offshore wind farm and its economic feasibility. The Troll field west of Bergen, Norway, is assumed to be the target offshore site, and a farm size of 50 wind turbines with a lifespan of 25 years are considered. Each floating wind turbine has a

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35

Wang, Min. "Capacity Optimization and Configuration for Household Wind/PV/Storage Hybrid Power Generation System." Progress in Energy & Fuels 9, no. 1 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/pef.v9i1.848.

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<p align="justify"><strong> </strong>For capacity matching and design calculation on off-grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System, commercial software like Homer developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory is commonly used at present. This paper takes the load demand of household users as the research object, and uses the three cities with different potentials of wind and solar resources as the of the Wind/PV/Storage hybrid power generation systems simulation installation site. The Homer optimizes the system capacity configuration, and the goal is to find the minimum inv

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36

Ashitey, Joy N. A., Mehrshad Radmehr, Glenn P. Jenkins, and Mikhail Miklyaev. "Seasonal Hydropower Storage Dams: Are They Cost-Effective in Providing Reliability for Solar PV?" Sustainability 17, no. 9 (2025): 4076. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094076.

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For a country to be able to sustain a policy of increasing the use of renewable energy sources to supply electricity, it must be able to continue to provide a reliable electricity supply service to its customers. Typically, electricity reliability is maintained by thermal electricity generation. To substitute solar PV for thermal electricity generation to a significant degree, it is imperative to determine the least-cost complementary technologies that will provide system reliability. In many parts of Africa and Asia, potential sites for seasonal storage dams are available or have been built.

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Mazumder, Gour Chand, SM Nasif Shams, Md Habibur Rahman, and Saiful Huque. "Production of Green Hydrogen in Bangladesh and its Levelized Cost." Dhaka University Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 6, no. 2 (2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujase.v6i2.59220.

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Hydrogen is an excellent source of energy that can be burnt directly and used in fuel cells with no emission to environment. In recent years, green hydrogen has become a research interest in many developed and developing countries. The main barrier to this green fuel is the production cost. Production of hydrogen using solar photovoltaic (PV) powered water electrolysis process might reduce the production cost. This paper presents the determination of the Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) produced from a PV-based electrolysis plant which is built in Energy Institute, Dhaka University. The analy

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Pan, Guangsheng, Wei Gu, Qinran Hu, Jianxiao Wang, Fei Teng, and Goran Strbac. "Cost and low-carbon competitiveness of electrolytic hydrogen in China." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 9 (2021): 4868–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ee01840j.

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To quantify the cost and low-carbon competitiveness of electrolytic hydrogen in China, this paper presents a detailed assessment of the levelized cost of electrolytic hydrogen produced by a photovoltaic and grid-based hydrogen system (PGHS).

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Capitan, Olga. "COST ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PRODUCED FROM BIOGAS AND BIOSYNGAS." Journal of Social Sciences III (2) (June 1, 2020): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3871339.

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This paper deals with the livelised cost of electricity from gaseous biofuels, such as biogas and bio-syngas, produced from biodegradable waste, using different technologies (internal combustion engines, gas turbine, fuel cells) at different capacities in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova, in case of non-use and use of thermal energy. The levelized cost of electricity was compared with the levelized energy supply tariff. Thus, it was demonstrated the feasibility of electricity production from biogas using internal combustion engines at any installed power, gas turbines with installed p

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40

Saldarriaga-Loaiza, Juan David, Jesús María López-Lezama, and Fernando Villada-Duque. "Levelized Cost of Electricity in Colombia under New Fiscal Incentives." International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 13, no. 11 (2020): 3234. http://dx.doi.org/10.37624/ijert/13.11.2020.3234-3239.

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Cristea, Maria, Radu-Adrian Tîrnovan, Ciprian Cristea, and Cristian Făgărășan. "Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) analysis of BESSs in Romania." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 53 (October 2022): 102633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102633.

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Abdulrahim, Hassan K., and Mansour Ahmed. "Levelized cost analysis for desalination using renewable energy in GCC." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 263 (2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28194.

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Louvet, Y., and K. Vajen. "Levelized cost of heat for solar thermal applications in households." Solar Energy 285 (January 2025): 113100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2024.113100.

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Borlaug, Brennan, Shawn Salisbury, Mindy Gerdes, and Matteo Muratori. "Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States." Joule 4, no. 7 (2020): 1470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.05.013.

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Bull, Diana, D. Scott Jenne, Christopher S. Smith, Andrea E. Copping, and Guild Copeland. "Levelized cost of energy for a Backward Bent Duct Buoy." International Journal of Marine Energy 16 (December 2016): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2016.07.002.

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Díaz, Guzmán, Javier Gómez-Aleixandre, and José Coto. "Dynamic evaluation of the levelized cost of wind power generation." Energy Conversion and Management 101 (September 2015): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.06.023.

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Gabbrielli, R., P. Castrataro, F. Del Medico, M. Di Palo, and B. Lenzo. "Levelized Cost of Heat for Linear Fresnel Concentrated Solar Systems." Energy Procedia 49 (2014): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.143.

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Laljee, Mohamed Mazhar, Farzad Hourfar, Yuri Leonenko, et al. "Levelized-cost optimal design of long-distance CO2 transportation facilities." Computers & Chemical Engineering 182 (March 2024): 108561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108561.

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Joyo, Farhan Haider, Andrea Falasco, Daniele Groppi, Adriana Scarlet Sferra, and Davide Astiaso Garcia. "Hydrogen and Ammonia Production and Transportation from Offshore Wind Farms: A Techno-Economic Analysis." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2292. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092292.

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Offshore wind energy is increasingly considered a vital resource to contribute to the renewable energy future. This renewable energy can be converted to clean energy alternatives such as hydrogen and ammonia via power-to-x technologies, enabling storage, energy security, and decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors. This study assesses the techno-economic feasibility of integrating offshore wind energy with hydrogen and ammonia production as sustainable energy carriers and their transportation via pipelines or shipping. The methodology incorporates Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis f

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Gaborieau, Maëlig, Ozlem Ceyhan Yilmaz, and Katherine Dykes. "Economic impact assessment of Hydrogen generated from Offshore Wind: A case study for Belgium." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2507, no. 1 (2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2507/1/012012.

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Abstract Green hydrogen is increasingly cited as a solution to the decarbonisation of industry. Its large-scale production is still a recent topic with uncertainties. In this paper, an economic impact assessment (EIA) method is explained. A modular and flexible cost model is generated, which estimates the LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) of an offshore wind farm and the LCOH (Levelized Cost of Hydrogen) of a hydrogen generation plant either as a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) or independent from each other. The costs are estimated using a schedule-based approach, which considers the reli

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