Journal articles: 'Levels of water'

1

Killen, A. "WATER SECURITY LEVELS OF SERVICE." Water e-Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2019.006.

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Császár, Attila G., and Ian M. Mills. "Vibrational energy levels of water." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 53, no. 8 (July 1997): 1101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-1425(97)00020-6.

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Rugg-Gunn, Andrew. "Fluoride levels in bottled water." British Dental Journal 195, no. 9 (November 2003): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4810666.

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Wolska, Małgorzata. "Changes in water biostability levels in water treatment trials." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 4 (June 24, 2014): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.288.

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This article presents the results of studies of changes in water biostability levels in water treatment systems. In order to evaluate the potential of microorganism regrowth, both the organic and non-organic nutrient substrate content was taken into account. Pre-treatment in the analyzed water treatment plants ensured high phosphate ion removal effectiveness but a significantly worse effectiveness in removing biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). Lowering nutrient substrate content during the main treatment stage was only possible in water treatment systems that incorporated biological processes. Conversely, final water treatment processes only influenced BDOC content in the treated water. Irrespective of the water type and unit treatment process, the limiting factors for microorganism regrowth in the distribution system were the phosphate ion content and BDOC content. However, none of the analyzed treatment systems ensured a reduction in non-organic nitrogen content that would ensure biological stability of the water.

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Pieper, Kelsey J., Rebekah Martin, Min Tang, LeeAnne Walters, Jeffrey Parks, Siddhartha Roy, Christina Devine, and Marc A. Edwards. "Evaluating Water Lead Levels During the Flint Water Crisis." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 15 (June 22, 2018): 8124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00791.

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Niziński, Przemysław, Patrycja Wiśniewska, Joanna Kończyk, and Rajmund Michalski. "Perchlorate Levels in Polish Water Samples of Various Origin." Separations 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8040037.

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Perchlorate ion (ClO4−) is known as a potent endocrine disruptor and exposure to this compound can result in serious health issues. It has been found in drinking water, swimming pools, and surface water in many countries, however, its occurrence in the environment is still poorly understood. The information on perchlorate contamination of Polish waters is very limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess ClO4− content in bottled, tap, river, and swimming pool water samples from different regions of Poland and provide some data on the presence of perchlorate. We have examined samples of bottled, river, municipal, and swimming pool water using the IC–CD (ion chromatography–conductivity detection) method. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.43 µg/L and 1.42 µg/L, respectively, and they were both above the current health advisory levels in drinking water. The concentration of perchlorate were found to be 3.12 µg/L in one river water sample and from 6.38 to 8.14 µg/L in swimming pool water samples. Importantly, the level of perchlorate was below the limit of detection (LOD) in all bottled water samples. The results have shown that the determined perchlorate contamination in Polish drinking waters seems to be small, nevertheless, further studies are required on surface and river samples. The inexpensive, fast, and sensitive IC–CD method used in this study allowed for a reliable determination of perchlorate in the analyzed samples. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other studies seeking to assess the perchlorate content in Polish waters.

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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Ning Chen, Lin Shan Wang, Xin Liu, and Li Na Sun. "A Study on Water Hyacinth Purifying Effect on Different Levels of Eutrophic Water." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1899.

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In this experiment, water hyacinth presents a good purification effect in five kinds of eutrophic waters with initial total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in between 8.34~20.45 mg/L and 0.78~1.51 mg/L. After two weeks of purification, TN and TP concentrations of eutrophic waters are reduced to 1.78~5.68 mg/L and 0.25~0.312 mg/L, and TN and TP removal rates are 72.22~78.65% and 67.95~79.34%. Water hyacinth’s TN removal rate decreases as TN initial concentration increases; TP removal rate increases as TP initial concentration increases. Water hyacinth’s average total biomass in eutrophic water has increased by 0.944~1.084 kg/m2, and the average bio-dry-weight has increased by 0.0470~0.0547 kg/m2. The average total biomass and average bio-dry-weight of water hyacinth increase as the eutrophication deepens.

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van Dijk-Looijaard, A. M., and J. van Genderen. "Levels of exposure from drinking water." Food and Chemical Toxicology 38 (April 2000): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00131-3.

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Morykwas, Michael J., Robin A. Rouchard, and Louis C. Argenta. "SILICON LEVELS IN TREATED DRINKING WATER." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 88, no. 5 (November 1991): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199111000-00065.

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Ambrosio, Francesco, Zhendong Guo, and Alfredo Pasquarello. "Absolute Energy Levels of Liquid Water." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9, no. 12 (May 30, 2018): 3212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00891.

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Dave, V. K., J. Templar, and J. P. Day. "Low nickel levels in mineral water." Contact Dermatitis 22, no. 3 (March 1990): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01556.x.

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12

Pattiaratchi, Charitha, Yasha Hetzel, and Ivica Janekovic. "PREDICTING EXTREME WATER LEVELS AROUND AUSTRALIA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.7.

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Throughout history, coastal settlers have had to adapt to periodic coastal flooding. However, as a society we have become increasingly vulnerable to extreme water level events as our cities and our patterns of coastal development become more intricate, populated and interdependent. In addition to this, there is now a real and growing concern about rising sea levels. Accurate estimates of extreme water levels are therefore critical for coastal planning and emergency planning and response. The occurrence of extreme water levels along low-lying, highly populated and/or developed coastlines can lead to considerable loss of life and billions of dollars of damage to coastal infrastructure. Therefore, it is vitally important that the exceedance probabilities of extreme water levels be accurately evaluated to inform risk-based flood management, engineering and future land-use planning. This objectives of this study was to estimate present day extreme sea level exceedance probabilities due to combination of storm surges, tides and mean sea level (including wind-waves) around the coastline of Australia.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vGaB85VRujs

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Boers, Aaron M., and Joy B. Zedler. "Stabilized water levels and Typha invasiveness." Wetlands 28, no. 3 (September 2008): 676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-223.1.

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14

Coelhan, Mehmet. "Levels of Chlorinated Paraffins in Water." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 38, no. 5-6 (July 1, 2010): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000044.

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15

Shikaze, Steven G., and Allan S. Crowe. "Animating Ground Water Levels with Excel." Ground Water 41, no. 4 (July 2003): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02390.x.

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16

Sobey, Rodney J. "Extreme low and high water levels." Coastal Engineering 52, no. 1 (January 2005): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2004.09.003.

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17

Novozhenin, V. D., and G. D. Sarukhanov. "Lowering water levels in Volga reservoirs." Hydrotechnical Construction 25, no. 8 (August 1991): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01424127.

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18

Tani, N., K. Shimamoto, K. Ichimura, Y. Nishii, S. Tomita, and Y. Oda. "Enteric virus levels in river water." Water Research 26, no. 1 (January 1992): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(92)90109-h.

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19

Reddy, Shiv K., and Michael A. Madore. "Geographical Profiles of Alkalinity Levels in Greenhouse Irrigation Waters." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 655b—655. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.655b.

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Alkalinity of irrigation water affects pH of the plant growing media. High alkalinity water raises media pH and affects nutrient availability to plants and, thus, plant growth. Alkalinity levels in irrigation water vary in different regions. Knowledge of alkalinity levels would help growers and advisors in modifying cultural practices to suit the levels. To find out how the levels vary in different states, we searched our database of thousands of water analyses from across the country. Overall, 38% of the waters had <100 ppm CaCO3, a level not considered to be a concern for even small pots. About 74% of the waters had <200 ppm CaCO3, a level considered to be safe for large pots. The majority of the waters in the states along the eastern seaboard had <150 ppm CaCO3. In waters in the interior states, alkalinity levels varied. Pacific Northwest had most waters <150 ppm CaCO3. Detailed results—bar charts showing percent of waters at different alkalinity levels in each state and in the country will be shown.

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20

Reddy, Shiv K., Michael A. Madore, and Paul A. King. "499 PB 207 SURVEY OF SULFUR LEVELS IN GREENHOUSE IRRIGATION WATERS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 503a—503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.503a.

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Irrigation water can be a “free” source of S for crops. To find out how S levels in water vary in different regions, we searched our lab database, which has analyses of water samples from all across the U.S. The results showed that 4% of the water samples had no S. About two-thirds of the waters had less than 10 ppm S, low from plant requirement point of view. Eleven percent of the waters exceeded the sufficient level of 30 ppm S. Large number of waters in the Northeast, Atlantic states including Florida and Pacific Northwest including Hawaii had low, less than 10 ppm, S. In the eastern Corn Belt states, more waters had higher, above 10 ppm, S. The data indicated that irrigation water rarely provides sufficient S for greenhouse plants.

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21

Camper, N. D., T. Whitwell, R. J. Keese, and M. B. Riley. "Herbicide Levels in Nursery Containment Pond Water and Sediments." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-12.1.8.

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Abstract Herbicide movement from broadcast granular applications via runoff waters into containment ponds was monitored over a two-year period. The nursery site was approximately 20 ha (50 A) and contained all runoff waters and recycled it for irrigation. Levels of pendimethalin, oryzalin and oxyfluorfen applied as either OH-2 or Rout herbicides were determined in containment pond water and sediment. Herbicides were extracted by a solid-phase column method and analyzed by HPLC with confirmation by GC-MS. Generally, low herbicide levels (highest level detected was 0.013 μg/ml in water and 12 μg/g in sediment) were detected compared to quantities applied [12 to 50 kg (26 to 110 lb) ai per year]. Results showed that herbicide levels did not accumulate in containment ponds following repeated applications and there was no correlation of herbicide levels detected with amount or timing of herbicide applications.

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22

Gunnarsdottir, Maria J., Sigurdur M. Gardarsson, Gunnar St Jonsson, Halldor Armannsson, and Jamie Bartram. "Natural background levels for chemicals in Icelandic aquifers." Hydrology Research 46, no. 4 (August 7, 2014): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2014.123.

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Information about natural background levels (NBLs) of chemicals in source waters allows water utilities to identify trends in drinking water contamination. We estimate NBLs for chemicals in source waters for Icelandic water utilities at both national levels with all data pooled, and according to geological regime. NBLs were derived by collecting samples from 79 aquifers considered largely unimpacted by human activities. The aquifers were categorized into four geological settings that are representative of the geology of Iceland. NBLs were calculated as 90%iles of all aquifers in each setting and in all pooled. There was a statistical difference between the geological settings in 11 parameters of 37 tested. The 90%ile for nitrate for all aquifers pooled was 1.36 mg/l, indicating little anthropogenic influence on water used for public water supply in Iceland. The results were compared to the chemical status of 60 European aquifers, collected for the European Union's Sixth Framework Program Background Criteria for the Identification of Groundwater Thresholds project, revealing lower dissolved solids concentration for Icelandic groundwater than that from other parts of Europe. The explanation is likely due to high permeability of young geology settings and low population density in Iceland whereas there is a long history of agriculture and industry in most European countries.

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23

Pappas, E. A., and C. Huang. "Predicting Atrazine Levels in Water Utility Intake Water for MCL Compliance." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 19 (October 2008): 7064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800457v.

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Tuninetti, Marta, Stefania Tamea, and Carole Dalin. "Water Debt Indicator Reveals Where Agricultural Water Use Exceeds Sustainable Levels." Water Resources Research 55, no. 3 (March 2019): 2464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023146.

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25

Berman, T., A. Nishri, A. Parparov, B. Kaplan, S. Chava, M. Schlichter, and U. Pollingher. "Relationships between water quality parameters and water levels in Lake Kinneret." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 26, no. 2 (December 1997): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11900800.

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Abro, S. A., X. H. Tian, D. H. You, and X. D. Wang. "Emission of carbon dioxide influenced by nitrogen and water levels from soil incubated straw." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 6 (June 8, 2011): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/387/2010-pse.

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An incubation study was carried out to investigate the influence of nitrogen rates to determine optimum C/N ratio under various moisture levels for straw decomposition and sequester carbon (C) in the soil. The aim was to observe straw carbon mineralization through measuring the amount of CO2 evolution. A clay loam topsoil mixed with maize straw was supplied with four nitrogen rates (0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32 g N/kg) using (NH4)2SO4 to adjust C/N ratios at 82, 42, 20, and 10. Soil moisture was maintained at 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100% of field capacity incubated at 25°C for 53 days. The experiment was set up with 16 treatments arranged in complete randomized design. Results showed that mixing of straw with soil increased 50% cumulative CO2-C compared to controls. Averagely, about 44% of added maize straw C was mineralized to CO2-C. Straw addition along with nitrogen and moisture had significant relationships (P < 0.05) to cumulative CO2-C, soil organic C and microbial biomass C. There was a highly significant relationship (R2 = 0.99) between CO2-C emission and incubation time.

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., V. Nourani, A. A. Moghaddam ., A. O. Nadiri ., and V. P. Singh . "Forecasting Spatiotemporal Water Levels of Tabriz Aquifer." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2008.319.329.

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28

You, Zai Jin, Peter Nielsen, David Hanslow, and Tim Pritchard. "ELEVATED WATER LEVELS AT TRAINED RIVER ENTRANCES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.48.

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The south-east coast of Australia has many low-lying areas at river entrances that are vulnerable to coastal inundation due to high water levels elevated by ocean tides, coastal storms, ocean waves and other drivers. The penetration of elevated entrance water levels into rivers can further intensify river flooding associated with high rainfall events. In this study, historical water level data, which were collected continuously at 17 inshore and 5 offshore permanent tide stations along the East Coast of Australia, are used to study effects of tides and waves on water levels at trained river entrances and also to estimate extreme entrance water levels without major entrance rainfall-related flooding.

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Alabdula'aly, Abdulrahman I. "Radon levels in a water distribution network." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 37, no. 2 (January 1997): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0265-931x(96)00094-x.

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30

Taylor, Katherine Selena. "Australian water security framings across administrative levels." Water Security 12 (April 2021): 100083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100083.

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31

HILEMAN, BETTE. "Lead levels in water raise concerns anew." Chemical & Engineering News 65, no. 51 (December 21, 1987): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n051.p005.

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32

Frison, Ted W., Henry D. I. Abarbanel, Marshall D. Earle, John R. Schultz, and Wolfgang D. Scherer. "Chaos and predictability in ocean water levels." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 104, no. C4 (April 15, 1999): 7935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998jc900104.

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33

Tennyson, Jonathan, Nikolai F. Zobov, Ross Williamson, Oleg L. Polyansky, and Peter F. Bernath. "Experimental Energy Levels of the Water Molecule." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 30, no. 3 (May 2001): 735–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364517.

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34

Londhe, Shreenivas N. "Forecasting Water Levels Using Artificial Neural Networks." International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems 2, no. 2 (June 2011): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1759-3131.2.2.119.

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35

Paquie, André, Christine Poulard, and Jean-Baptiste Faure. "Quick estimate of extreme floods water levels." E3S Web of Conferences 7 (2016): 10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160710007.

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36

Jauhiainen, J., J. Silvola, K. Tolonen, and H. Vasander. "Response ofSphagnum fuscumto water levels and CO2concentration." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 3 (January 1997): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1997.19.3.391.

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37

Furlong, Eileen A. N., and Frank M. D'Itri. "Trihalomethane levels in chlorinated Michigan drinking water." Ecological Modelling 32, no. 1-3 (June 1986): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90028-1.

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38

Coudert, L. H. "Analysis of the rotational levels of water." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 154, no. 2 (August 1992): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90220-i.

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39

Budianto, Heru, Tri Joko, and Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti. "Iron level reduction effectivity at Water treatment instalation in Purworejo." Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region 3, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v3i2.9052.

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The iron (Fe) content in drinking water is higher than the standard which can cause technical, physical and health problems. Initial inspection at the outlet of the Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Purworejo showed iron levels of 0.575 mg / lt, so it is necessary to investigate its effectiveness.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of iron reduction level (Fe) in the Drinking Water Treatment Plant (IPAM) in Purworejo. This study uses a descriptive observational method, where data is collected, compiled, interpreted and analyzed so that it provides a complete description of the existing problems and then compares them based on theory, literature review, literature, scientific articles and with applicable regulations..The results of measurements of iron (Fe) levels on an average of 0.976 mg / lt inlet, 0.470 mg / lt outlet and 51.76% effectiveness. Standard iron (Fe) content in Permenkes Number 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 is a maximum of 0.3 mg / lt. The standard of effectiveness according to the Ministry of Home Affairs Research and Development with a result of 40% - 59.99% is in the ineffective category. The effectiveness of Iron (Fe) reduction in the Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Purworejo is in the ineffective category..

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Budianto, Heru, Tri Joko, and Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti. "Iron level reduction effectivity at Water treatment instalation in Purworejo." Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region 3, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/joph-tcr.v3i2.9052.

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The iron (Fe) content in drinking water is higher than the standard which can cause technical, physical and health problems. Initial inspection at the outlet of the Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Purworejo showed iron levels of 0.575 mg / lt, so it is necessary to investigate its effectiveness.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of iron reduction level (Fe) in the Drinking Water Treatment Plant (IPAM) in Purworejo. This study uses a descriptive observational method, where data is collected, compiled, interpreted and analyzed so that it provides a complete description of the existing problems and then compares them based on theory, literature review, literature, scientific articles and with applicable regulations..The results of measurements of iron (Fe) levels on an average of 0.976 mg / lt inlet, 0.470 mg / lt outlet and 51.76% effectiveness. Standard iron (Fe) content in Permenkes Number 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 is a maximum of 0.3 mg / lt. The standard of effectiveness according to the Ministry of Home Affairs Research and Development with a result of 40% - 59.99% is in the ineffective category. The effectiveness of Iron (Fe) reduction in the Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Purworejo is in the ineffective category..

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Siddiquee, Mohammed Saiful Alam, and Mollah Md Awlad Hossain. "Development of a sequential Artificial Neural Network for predicting river water levels based on Brahmaputra and Ganges water levels." Neural Computing and Applications 26, no. 8 (March 3, 2015): 1979–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-015-1871-6.

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Ciesarová, Z., E. Kiss, and E. Kolek. "Study of factors affecting acrylamide levels in model systems." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 24, No. 3 (November 12, 2011): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3308-cjfs.

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The factors important for the acrylamide formation in model systems were studied. The effects of two starch matrices (potato, wheat), the share of two monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) on the formation of acrylamide, and the impact of water addition were compared in model systems under isothermal conditions. Acrylamide was determined by GC/MS-NCI technique. The results showed that the water content is one of the most important factors in the formation of acrylamide, besides the reaction temperature and time. The minimum of acrylamide formation was observed at the water content between 25 and 40%; outside of this range, the acrylamide concentration was higher. The presence of starch reduced the amount of acrylamide formed from asparagine and saccharide, moreover, the effects of potato and wheat starches were similar. Fructose was more effective for the acrylamide formation in comparison with glucose. The combined contribution of glucose and fructose in the mixture with asparagine and starch to the acrylamide level corresponded to the sum of separate contributions of saccharides only at the middle content of added water.    

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Restrepo, J. I., D. Garces, A. Montoya, N. Restrepo, and J. Giddings. "Simulation of Water Levels and Water Diversions in a Subtropical Coastal Wetland." Journal of Coastal Research 222 (March 2006): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/04-0262.1.

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Grech-Madin, Charlotte, Stefan Döring, Kyungmee Kim, and Ashok Swain. "Negotiating water across levels: A peace and conflict “Toolbox” for water diplomacy." Journal of Hydrology 559 (April 2018): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.008.

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Silva, O. N., A. K. S. Lobato, F. W. Ávila, R. C. L. Costa, C. F. Oliveira Neto, B. G. Santos Filho, A. P. Martins Filho, et al. "Silicon-induced increase in chlorophyll is modulated by the leaf water potential in two water-deficient tomato cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 11 (October 31, 2012): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/213/2012-pse.

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This study aims to explain the effects of silicon on chlorophyll and to measure gas exchange and carbohydrate levels in two Lycopersicon esculentum cultivars that are exposed to drought. The experimental design used in this study was a randomised combination of five different water and silicon conditions (control, water deficit + 0.00 μmol Si, water deficit + 0.25 μmol Si, water deficit + 1.00 μmol Si, and water deficit + 1.75 μmol Si) applied to the two cultivars (Super Marmante and Santa Cruz). Parameters measured were gas exchanges, chlorophylls, and total soluble carbohydrates. Silicon at concentrations of 0.25, 1.00, and 1.75 μmol induced a gradual increase in the total chlorophyll levels. A correlation analysis revealed a linear, positive interaction between the leaf water potential and the total chlorophyll (r = 0.71; P < 0.05). This study confirmed the hypothesis that silicon has a beneficial effect with regard to chlorophyll. Under water-deficient conditions, both cultivars showed an increase in chlorophyll a when treated with silicon in addition to changes in the total chlorophyll levels. These results were supported by the change in leaf water potential. In addition, a reduction of the effects of water restriction was also observed in the transpiration rate, the stomatal conductance and in the levels of total carbohydrates.

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46

McBean, E. A., and B. Mitchell. "Water Resources Research in Canada I: Funding Levels." Canadian Water Resources Journal 10, no. 2 (January 1985): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1002056.

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47

Embi, Abraham. "Water H2O2 Levels as Factor in Swimmers Melanoma." Letters in Health and Biological Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15436/2475-6245.18.1781.

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48

Theron, Ansa, Cedric Schultz, James A. Ker, and Nadia Falzone. "Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in water-pipe and cigarette smokers." South African Medical Journal 100, no. 2 (January 29, 2010): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.3462.

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Paiva, Gutemberg Nascimento, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Lara Toledo Henriques, Ariosvaldo Nunes Medeiros, Edvaldo Mesquita Beltrão Filho, Ítalo Reneu Rosas de Albuquerque, Glayciane Costa Gois, Fleming Sena Campos, Rayssa Maria Bezerril Freire, and Roberto Germano Costa. "Water with different salinity levels for lactating goats." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2065.

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Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of supplying water with varying salinity levels to dairy goats on nutrient intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, and milk yield. The experiment lasted 65 days and involved 24 crossbred goats with mean body weight of 38±4 kg, which were randomly allotted. It was set in a completely randomized design with four treatments consisting of 640, 3188, 5740 and 8326 mg L?1 total dissolved solids (TDS) in the drinking water. The results showed that water salinity levels had no effect on the intake of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy, digestible energy, or apparent nutrient digestibility. Water intake was influenced by the salinity, increasing as the salt level was increased. Moreover, the varying salinity had no significant effect on milk yield. Drinking water containing up to 8326 mg L?1 TDS provided no interference with the intake and nutrient digestibility of lactating goats in the feedlot. However, increasing the water salinity affects animal intake without any changes in milk yield. Therefore, this type of water can be used for crossbred goats at 30 days in milk, for up to 65 days in the feedlot.

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50

Frison, Ted W. "Dynamics of the residuals in estuary water levels." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 25, no. 4 (January 2000): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(00)00026-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Levels of water'

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