Academic literature on the topic 'Levenson'

Locus of control (LOC) has been studied as a parameter for personality assessment since its development in 1966. Several studies of the correlation of LOC with such theological components as faith and spirituality have been reported with varying conclusions regarding the relationship of these concepts. However, the question of how theological issues are assessed within the Levenson LOC scale and assessment of the applicability of this instrument to the lives of older adults, as interpreted by members of this population, has not been addressed. This study investigates those two aspects of the Levenson LOC scale and offers suggestions of how these preliminary findings might be applied in counseling this population.

Denna kandidatuppsats består av en översättning av sju scener ur librettot till en musikal (Dear Evan Hansen av Steven Levenson, Benj Pasek och Justin Paul) och en översättningsteoretisk kommentar. Kommentaren ger först en kort översikt över musikalgenren och behandlar sedan översättningsarbetet, från källtext till måltext. I kommentaren beskriver jag min översättningsprincip, till vilken jag har använt mig av både Johan Franzons funktionella översättningsperspektiv (Franzon, 2009) och H. S. Drinkers principer (Drinker, 1950). Jag tar även upp de utmaningar och problem som jag stött på under översättningsarbetet och förklarar hur jag har löst dessa. Jag reflekterar också över hur musikallibrettots särskilda egenskaper har påverkat de val jag gjort i min översättning.
This bachelor’s thesis consists of a translation of seven scenes from a musical libretto (Dear Evan Hansen by Steven Levenson, Benj Pasek och Justin Paul) and a commentary of this translation. The commentary first provides a brief overview of the musical genre and proceeds to describe my translation, from source text to target text. The commentary describes my translation principle, which is inspired by the functional perspective of Johan Franzon (2009) as well as the principles of H. S. Drinker (1950). I also deal with the specific challenges encountered during the translation and describe how I handled them, as well as how the specific characteristics of the musical libretto has influenced my translation.

Ne a marseille en 1689, charles levens fut successivement maitre de chapelle a saint-pierre de vannes et a saint-etienne de toulouse avant de connaitre la consecration de ses talents de compositeur et de theoricien a bordeaux. Temoin des premieres mutations topographiques et architecturales qui ont fait de bordeaux une cite classique, levens occupa le poste de maitre de musique a la cathedrale saintandre de 1738 a sa mort (1764). Sa notoriete confirme l'importance de la vie artistique en province au temps de la domination inconstestee de versailles et de paris. Auteur d'une cantate pour l'academie de toulouse en 1724, levens est, avant tout, compositeur de musique sacree. Messes, requiem, magnificat, hymnes de noel et grands motets temoignent de son activite creatrice. Son te deum fut execute a bordeaux pour l'entree du duc de richelieu en 1756 et le 12 aout 1789 pour une celebration "revolutionnaire". Le style de levens allie le naturel d'un classicisme a la francaise au charme baroquisant de la musique ital ienne dont il adopte, parfois, la virtuosite concertante et la legerete ornementale. L'etude stylistique et comparative des manuscrits nous a permis d'authentifier les oeuvres respectives de charles levens et de son fils nicolas-vincent qui prit les fonctions de maitre de chapelle a saint-etienne de toulouse en 1746. .
Born in marseilles in 1689, charles levens was, in turn, choirmaster at st-pierre cathedral in vannes and at st-etienne in toulouse before he was established as a talented composer and theoretician in bordeaux a witness of the first topographic and architectural alterations which turned bordeaux into a classical city, levens occupied the post of music master at st-andre cathedral from 1738 until his death in 1764. The renown he enjoyed proves the importance of artistic life in the provinces in the days of the undisputed rule of versailles and paris. Levens, who wrote a cantate for the toulouse academy in 1724, is first and foremost a composer of sacred music. His creative activity is revealed by the masses, requiem, magnificat, christmas hymns and grands motets he left us. His te deum was played in bordeaux for the entry of the duc de richelieu in 1756 and on august 12th 1789 for a "revolutionary" celebration. Levens's style combines the natural quality of classicism "a la francaise" with the baroque charm of italian music in whose concerted virtuosity he sometimes indulges together with ormamental lightness. The stylistic and comparative study of the manuscripts allowed the authentification. .

Exame público realizado em 26 de Julho 2016; às 14h30.
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características psicométricas da Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Controlo de Levenson em adolescentes, mais concretamente a validade, a fidelidade e a sensibilidade. É um estudo instrumental que utiliza uma amostra de conveniência composta por 652 adolescentes, 306 são do sexo masculino e 333 pertencem ao sexo feminino, com uma média de idades de 15.60 anos. Os resultados da análise factorial confirmatória mostraram que a escala possui índices de ajustamento adequados (ı2/gl = 3.9; GFI = .887; CFI = .840; RMSEA = .067). A consistência interna revelou níveis de fidelidade aceitáveis a bons em todas as dimensões ( = .68; = .78; = . 82). A sensibilidade foi o indicador com resultados menos satisfatórios, na medida em que os dados não seguem uma distribuição normal (p < .05), apesar dos níveis de assimetria e de curtose serem, globalmente, os desejáveis (< |1|). Este estudo contribui para a adaptação de uma medida do locus de controlo válida e fiável para o contexto português.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Control Locus of Levenson in adolescents, specifically the validity, reliability and Sensitivity. It is an instrumental study using a convenience sample of 652 teenagers, 306 are male and 333 were female with an average age of 15.60 years. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale has adequate adjustment indices (ı2 / fd = 3.9; GFI = .887, CFI = .840; RMSEA = .067). The internal consistency proved acceptable to good reliability in all dimensions ( = .68, = .78; = 82). The sensitivity was the indicator with less satisfactory results, since the data did not follow a normal distribution (p <.05), although the levels of asymmetry and kurtosis are globally desirable (<| 1 |). This study contributes to the adaptation of a valid and reliable measure of control locus for the Portuguese context.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
O conceito de psicopatia tem sido, desde há muitos anos, objeto de numerosas investigações, que geralmente o descrevem como uma grave perturbação da personalidade. Essa tradição está bem representada nos trabalhos de H. Cleckley e de R. Hare, dois autores que marcaram profundamente a investigação sobre a psicopatia desde a segunda metade do século passado. Em contrapartida, mais recentemente, alguns investigadores têm sugerido também que os traços psicopáticos podem contribuir para o bom desempenho em carreiras que envolvem risco, perigo, ou dominância social (Baker & Heuven, 2006; Lilienfeld et al. 2014; Lykken, 1995; Newmann & Rucker-Reed, 2004). Para designar tais casos, introduziu-se a expressão de psicopatas bem-sucedidos. Assim, criminosos e heróis podem ser considerados como dois lados da mesma moeda (Falkenbach, McKinley, & Larson, 2017). Uma das profissões que, com alguma frequência, é mencionada na literatura para ilustrar essa faceta positiva da psicopatia é a das forças policiais. No imaginário popular, a representação desses agentes da autoridade anda associada à ideia de força, de ausência de medo, de gosto pelo risco, de uma certa insensibilidade emocional, de disposição para dominar os outros e de grande capacidade para se manter calmo e alerta em situações de perigo. Mas os dados da investigação que apoiam uma tal crença são ainda muito escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar eventuais traços psicopáticos nas forças de segurança portuguesas, utilizando a escala de autoavaliação da psicopatia de Levenson (LSRP) e comparando-os com os de uma amostra da comunidade. Mais concretamente, administrou-se essa escala a uma amostra de conveniência constituída por 124 civis e 63 agentes das forças de segurança dos dois sexos. Além disso, recolheram-se também algumas informações sociodemográficas. Os resultados dessa comparação mostraram que os agentes das forças de segurança obtiveram pontuações significativamente mais elevadas do que as dos civis na escala global (LSRP) e no seu fator 1 (subescala de psicopatia primária); mas, quando se controlava o efeito de outras variáveis concorrentes (v.g. nível de escolaridade ou idade), essas diferenças desapareciam ou situavam-se a um nível de significância muito baixo (p < ,10). Numa primeira leitura, estes resultados parecem fornecer uma confirmação, se bem que muito ténue, da hipótese segundo a qual as forças de segurança apresentam mais traços psicopáticos do que os civis. Porém, a interpretação destes resultados requer alguma prudência, uma vez que a amostra das forças da ordem era pequena (e, sobretudo, incluía poucos elementos do sexo feminino), o estudo das propriedades psicométricas desta escala de psicopatia a nível nacional está ainda por fazer e, além disso, as diferenças registadas entre os dois grupos, embora estatisticamente significativas, eram muito ténues. Em consequência, fazem-se diversas sugestões para futuros estudos sobre os traços psicopáticos nas forças da ordem.
The concept of psychopathy has been the subject of numerous investigations for many years. These generally describe it as a serious personality disorder. Such tradition is well represented in the studies of H. Cleckley and R. Hare, two authors who have profoundly marked the study of psychopathy since the latter half of the last century. Recently, however, some researchers have suggested that psychopathic traits may be useful in careers that involve risk, danger, or social dominance (Baker & Heuven, 2006; Lilienfeld et al. 2014; Lykken, 1995; Newmann & Rucker-Reed, 2004). Thus, the term “successful psychopaths” was introduced to designate such cases. In this sense, criminals and heroes could be considered as two sides of the same coin (Falkenbach, McKinley, & Larson, 2017). One of the professions used in the literature to illustrate this positive facet of psychopathy has been that of the police officer. In popular imagination, police forces are associated with ideas of strength, absence of fear, a taste for risk-taking, a certain emotional insensitivity, willingness to dominate others and great ability to remain calm and alert in dangerous situations. Yet the research data based on such belief remains scarce.The aim of this study was to analyse possible psychopathic traits in the Portuguese police forces by using the Levenson's Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) and comparing them with a community sample. The scale was specifically administered to a convenience sample consisting of 124 civilians and 63 law enforcement agents of both genders. Furthermore, some sociodemographic data was also collected. The results obtained in this study have shown that police officers obtained statistically superior results than of the civilians in the global score and in factor 1 (primary psychopathology subscale) of the scale of psychopathy (LSRP); although, when controlling the effect of other competing variables (e.g. educational level or age), those differences disappeared or were at a very low level of significance (p < ,10). At first sight, these results seem to provide confirmation, although very slightly, of the assumption that law enforcement forces have more psychopathic traits than the civilians. However, the interpretation of these results requires some caution, since the sample of the police was small (and mainly included a small number of women), the study of the psychometric properties of this psychopathy scale at the national level remains to be made, and, moreover, the differences between the registered groups, although statistically significant, were close to none. As a result, several suggestions were made for future studies based on the matter of psychopathic traits in the law enforcement agencies.

Au niveau interpersonnel, la psychopathie implique un manque de considération d’autrui pouvant se manifester par la tromperie, la manipulation et l’exploitation. La présente thèse a investigué la relation entre les caractéristiques psychopathiques d'individus non incarcérés et la tendance à coopérer dans un jeu du dilemme du prisonnier itératif. Un total de 85 hommes ont été recrutés via une annonce qui ciblait des traits de personnalité correspondant à des caractéristiques psychopathiques exprimées de façon non péjorative. Plusieurs méthodes ont été employées pour rejoindre les participants : 46 ont participés en personne après avoir répondu à une invitation affichée dans un journal local ainsi que sur des babillards à proximité d'une université; 39 ont complété l'étude sur Internet après avoir été recrutés via un site web de petites annonces. Chaque participant a répondu à un questionnaire incluant l’Échelle Auto-rapportée de Psychopathie (Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995) et l’Échelle Auto-rapportée des Indicateurs de Psychopathie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence (Seto, Khattar, Lalumière, & Quinsey, 1997). Ils ont également complété une simulation informatique du dilemme du prisonnier itératif comprenant 90 essais. La simulation informatique utilisée pour évaluer les participants en personne ainsi que la version accessible par Internet ont été conçues et programmées spécifiquement pour la présente thèse. La simulation informatique incluait trois stratégies souvent associées au dilemme du prisonnier itératif : donnant-donnant, donnant-donnant-généreux et gagne/reste-perd/change. Les analyses préliminaires ont montré que les participants vus en personne et ceux rejoints par Internet ne différaient pas en termes de variables sociodémographiques, des caractéristiques psychopathiques, de la désirabilité sociale et des réponses au dilemme du prisonnier. Une régression multiple standard a indiqué que les mesures psychopathiques ne pouvaient pas prédire le nombre total de choix coopératifs dans le jeu. Par contre, une corrélation négative a été trouvée entre les caractéristiques interpersonnelles et affectives de la psychopathie et la coopération dans le premier tiers du jeu. De plus, les participants qui présentaient davantage de caractéristiques psychopathiques interpersonnelles et affectives avaient plus souvent réussi à exploiter l'ordinateur en dénonçant alors que la simulation informatique coopérait. Des analyses multi-niveaux ont exploré la contribution de variables au niveau de la décision et au niveau de l'individu dans la prédiction du choix de coopérer ou de dénoncer lors de chaque essai du jeu; les interactions entre ces variables ont aussi été considérées. Les résultats ont montré que les variables au niveau de la décision influençaient généralement plus fortement les chances de coopérer que les variables au niveau de l'individu. Parmi les mesures de la psychopathie, seulement les caractéristiques interpersonnelles et affectives ont montré une association significative avec les chances de coopérer; les interactions avec le premier choix effectué dans le jeu et le premier tiers du jeu étaient significatives. Ainsi, si un participant avait coopéré au premier essai, la présence de caractéristiques psychopathiques interpersonnelles et affectives était associée à une diminution de ses chances de coopérer par la suite. Aussi, durant les 30 premiers essais du jeu, la présence de caractéristiques psychopathiques interpersonnelles et affectives était associée à une diminution des chances de coopérer. La stratégie adoptée par la simulation informatique n'avait pas d'influence sur le lien entre les caractéristiques psychopathiques et la probabilité de coopérer. Toutefois, le fait de jouer contre donnant-donnant était associé à de plus fortes chances de coopérer d'un essai à l'autre pour l'ensemble des participants. Globalement, les résultats suggèrent que les hommes non incarcérés présentant des caractéristiques psychopathiques ne seraient pas nécessairement portés à choisir systématiquement la non-coopération. En fait, les caractéristiques interpersonnelles et affectives de la psychopathie ont semblé se traduire par une tendance à faire bonne impression au départ, tenter rapidement d'exploiter autrui en dénonçant, puis finir par coopérer. Cette tendance comportementale est discutée, ainsi que la pertinence d'utiliser le dilemme du prisonnier itératif et les analyses multi-niveaux pour étudier le comportement interpersonnel des psychopathes.
Interpersonally, psychopathy involves a lack of consideration for others that can translate into deception, manipulation, and exploitation. The current thesis investigated the relationship between the psychopathic characteristics of non incarcerated men and the tendency to cooperate while playing an iterative version of the prisoner's dilemma game. A total of 85 men were recruited through advertisements that targeted personality traits corresponding to psychopathic characteristics formulated in a way that was not pejorative. A variety of methods was used to reach participants; 46 were tested in person after they replied to an invitation that appeared in a local journal as well as on bulletin boards close to a university; 39 participated via the Internet after they were recruited through a classified advertising website. Each participant completed a questionnaire including the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995) and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale - Self-Report (Seto, Khattar, Lalumière, & Quinsey, 1997). They also played in a computer simulation of the iterative prisoner's dilemma lasting 90 trials. Both the computer simulation used to test participants in person and the Internet version were designed and programmed specifically for the present thesis. The computer simulation included three strategies often associated with the iterative prisoner's dilemma: tit-for-tat, generous-tit-for-tat, and win/stay-lose/shift. Preliminary analyses showed that participants tested in person and via the Internet did not differ in terms of sociodemographic variables, psychopathic characteristics, social desirability, or responses to the prisoner's dilemma. A standard multiple regression indicated that psychopathic measures could not predict the total number of cooperative choices in the prisoner's dilemma game. However, there was a negative correlation between interpersonal and affective characteristics of psychopathy and cooperation in the first third of the prisoner's dilemma game. Furthermore, participants showing more interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics tended to exploit the computer more often by defecting while the computer simulation cooperated. Multilevel analyses were used to explore the contribution of decision-level and individual-level variables to predict the choice to cooperate or to defect on each trial of the game; interactions between these variables were also considered. The results showed that variables at the decision level were generally associated with stronger odds of cooperating than individual-level variables. Among psychopathic measures, only the interpersonal and affective characteristics showed a significant association with the odds of cooperating; interactions with the first choice in the game and the first third of the game were significant. That is, if participants cooperated in the first trial, higher interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics were associated with decreased odds of cooperating. Also, during the first 30 trials of the game, participants with higher interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics were significantly more likely to defect. The type of strategy used by the computer simulation did not have an influence on the relationship between psychopathic characteristics and a participant's probability to cooperate. However, playing against tit-for-tat was associated with increased odds of cooperating from one trial to the next for all participants. Overall, the results suggest that non incarcerated men with psychopathic characteristics might not systematically choose to defect. Instead, the interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics appeared as a tendency to cooperate initially, then rapidly attempt to exploit by defecting, and finally cooperate. This behavioral pattern is discussed as well as the relevance of using the iterative prisoner's dilemma game and multilevel analyses to study interpersonal behavior in psychopaths.

This chapter focuses on Mikhail Abramovich Levenson, the third and last head of Torgsin. From an early age he became interested in politics, but this did not bring him right away to the Marxists; instead, in 1905, Levenson joined the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs). As a professional revolutionary in exile abroad, Levenson took the time to receive an education. With the victory of the February Revolution, Levenson, with many other political emigrants, returned to Russia. Levenson then left the SRs and became a Bolshevik; thus began his convoluted career in the maze of Soviet power. For three years he worked at Rabkrin as a member of the Collegium and as a head of the Labor and Health Inspectorate — the appointment was probably predicated on his medical education and experience as a doctor. In Rabkrin, Levenson's boss was Stalin. Then, for a year, Levenson served on the board of the Sol'sindikat. From there, in 1924, he went to work in Gostorg RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic), where he occupied, until 1928, the position of the board's deputy chair. Levenson remained in Soviet trade, although in changing positions, until the end of his life.

Transport of fluid and solutes through the extracellular matrix plays a key role in the nutrition and growth of cartilaginous tissues that lack blood supply. It has been found that the mechanical loading can alter the transport rates of solutes within cartilage [Bonassar, 2000; O’Hara, 1990; Quinn, 2002]. Dynamic compression may enhance the transport of large solutes (e.g., growth factors) within the tissue. Many theoretical analyses have been reported in literature on the transport of fluid and solutes, as well as physical signals (stress, strain, pressure, concentrations, and electrical potential) in cartilage under unconfined compression [Armstrong, 1984; Levenston, 1999; Mow, 2002]. However, little is known as to how the tissue fixed charge density (FCD) affects the transport of fluid and neutral solutes (e.g., glucose and IGF-1) in cartilage sample in dynamic compression. In this study, we numerically analyzed the transport of fluid and solutes, as well as the mechano-electrochemical signals within the cartilage sample in dynamic unconfined compression, using the finite element method (FEM). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of FCD, loading frequency, and loading platens (permeable vs. impermeable) on the transport of fluid, ions, and neutral solutes within cartilage. This study is essential for the understanding of tissue nutrition and signal transduction mechanisms in cartilage subjected to mechanical forces.