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Journal articles on the topic 'Levinsohn'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Jacobi, Leor. "The Fifth Passover Cup and Magical Pairs: Isaac Baer Levinsohn and the Babylonian Talmud." European Journal of Jewish Studies 15, no. 1 (2020): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10020.

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Abstract The Fifth Passover Cup is mentioned in a textual variant of a baraita in Tractate Pesaḥim of the Babylonian Talmud (118a), attributed to Rabbi Ṭarfon and another anonymous Palestinian tanna. Scholars have demonstrated that the variant is primary in talmudic manuscripts and among the Babylonian Geonim. Following a nineteenth-century proposition of Isaac Baer Levinsohn, it is argued that the fifth cup was instituted in Babylonia due to concern for magical evil spirits aroused by even-numbered events [zugot]. Objections to Levinsohn’s theory can be allayed by critical source analysis: the Talmud’s attribution of the fifth cup to the Palestinian tanna Rabbi Ṭarfon in a baraita is pseudoepigraphic, based upon Rabbi Ṭarfon’s teaching regarding the recitation of Hallel ha-Gadol in Mishnah Ta‘anit 3:9. A special appendix is devoted to Levinsohn’s separate study on zugot in the ancient and medieval world.

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2

Manjón, Miguel, and Juan Mañez. "Production Function Estimation in Stata Using the Ackerberg–Caves–Frazer Method." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 16, no. 4 (2016): 900–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1601600406.

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We present a new e-class command, acfest, that implements the method of Ackerberg, Caves, and Frazer (2015, Econometrica 83: 2411–2451) to estimate production functions. This method deals with the functional dependence problems that may arise in the methods proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996, Econometrica 64: 1263–1297) and, particularly, Levinsohn and Petrin (2003, Review of Economic Studies 70: 317–341) (implemented in Stata by Yasar, Raciborski, and Poi [2008, Stata Journal 8: 221–231] and Petrin, Poi, and Levinsohn [2004, Stata Journal 4: 113–123], respectively). In particular, the acfest command yields (nonlinear, robust) generalized method of moments estimates using a Mata function and two specification tests (Wald and Sargan–Hansen). After estimation, predict provides the estimated productivity of the firms in the sample.

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3

Adamyuk, V. "Cataract knife. Levinsohn (Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenheilk., 1925)." Kazan medical journal 22, no. 9 (2021): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj78854.

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4

Rovigatti, Gabriele, and Vincenzo Mollisi. "Theory and Practice of Total-Factor Productivity Estimation: The Control Function Approach using Stata." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 18, no. 3 (2018): 618–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1801800307.

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Alongside instrumental-variables and fixed-effects approaches, the control function approach is the most widely used in production function estimation. Olley and Pakes (1996, Econometrica 64: 1263–1297), Levinsohn and Petrin (2003, Review of Economic Studies 70: 317–341), and Ackerberg, Caves, and Frazer (2015, Econometrica 83: 2411–2451) have all contributed to the field by proposing two-step estimation procedures, whereas Wooldridge (2009, Economics Letters 104: 112–114) showed how to perform a consistent estimation within a single-step generalized method of moments framework. In this article, we propose a new estimator based on Wooldridge's estimation procedure, using dynamic panel instruments à la Blundell and Bond (1998, Journal of Econometrics 87: 115–143), and we evaluate its performance by using Monte Carlo simulations. We also present the new command prodest for production function estimation, and we show its main features and strengths in a comparative analysis with other community-contributed commands. Finally, we provide evidence of the numerical challenges faced when using the Olley–Pakes and Levinsohn–Petrin estimators with the Ackerberg–Caves–Frazer correction in empirical applications, and we document how the generalized method of moments estimates vary depending on the optimizer or starting points used.

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Vincent, David W. "The Berry–Levinsohn–Pakes Estimator of the Random-coefficients Logit Demand Model." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 15, no. 3 (2015): 854–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1501500317.

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6

Rajagopalan, Kanavillil. "ROBERT A. DOOLEY and STEPHEN H. LEVINSOHN, Analyzing discourse. A manual of basic concepts." WORD 55, no. 3 (2004): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2004.12098219.

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7

استادزاد, علی حسین, ابراهیم هادیان, کریم اسلاملوئیان, and احمد صدرایی جواهری. "Calculate the Time Series of Knowledge Indicator for Iranian Economy by Levinsohn and Petrin Methods." Journal of Research in Economic Modeling 6, no. 23 (2016): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jemr.6.23.7.

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8

Gillen, Benjamin J., Sergio Montero, Hyungsik Roger Moon, and Matthew Shum. "BLP-2LASSO for aggregate discrete choice models with rich covariates." Econometrics Journal 22, no. 3 (2019): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ectj/utz010.

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Summary We introduce the BLP-2LASSO model, which augments the classic BLP (Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes, 1995) random-coefficients logit model to allow for data-driven selection among a high-dimensional set of control variables using the 'double-LASSO' procedure proposed by Belloni, Chernozhukov, and Hansen (2013). Economists often study consumers’ aggregate behaviour across markets choosing from a menu of differentiated products. In this analysis, local demographic characteristics can serve as controls for market-specific preference heterogeneity. Given rich demographic data, implementing these models requires specifying which variables to include in the analysis, an ad hoc process typically guided primarily by a researcher’s intuition. We propose a data-driven approach to estimate these models, applying penalized estimation algorithms from the recent literature in high-dimensional econometrics. Our application explores the effect of campaign spending on vote shares in data from Mexican elections.

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9

Gjini, Kladiola. "Total Factor Productivity and Most Favored Nations Tariffs: Evidence from Croatia." Journal of Educational and Social Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n1p61.

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Abstract One of the most important topics in empirical trade research is the link between productivity and trade liberalization. In this paper we will focus on the effect of MFN tariffs in the total factor productivity of Croatian firms over the period 2003-2012. This period is characterized by an increased openness toward European Union for Croatian firms. The aim of this paper is to present evidence on the negative link between productivity and tariffs by using the Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) method to estimate productivity of firms. Then we will use TFP as a dependent variable for firm characteristics and trade policy indicator (MFN tariffs). The results are in line with most other studies, confirming the negative relationship between TFP and tariffs. The results show that exporting firms have a higher productivity than non-exporting. We also conclude that up to a certain age productivity increases and then decreases.

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10

Lázár, Ede. "Quantifying the Economic Value of Warranties: A Survey." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (2014): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseb-2014-0011.

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Abstract This paper is a review of the most recent literature regarding the econometric modelling of the impact of warranties on demand. The reviewed literature is limited to the papers that apply the random-coefficient logit model based on Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (1995) to estimate differentiated products demand. An important feature of these demand system models that is a clear advantage to earlier demand functions is to account for the endogeneity of prices. We focus on those model specifications that take into account endogeneity of both prices and warranty. Another goal for modelling the effect of warranties is to explore the economic rationale for warranty provision. Four theories have been proposed in the literature: insurance, sorting, signalling and incentive theories. This paper aims at decomposing the effect of these theories, to account for different underlying assumptions and to separately determine the implications as presented in the recent literature

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11

Shaikh, Sahar Amjad, and Bisma Haseeb Khan. "Factor Utilisation in Manufacturing: Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4II (2011): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.515-529.

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During the past decade, Pakistan has experienced jobless growth with the employment growth in its manufacturing sector lagging behind the growth in its GDP. This is of concern as Pakistan‘s growing labour force, lacking social safety nets and financial assets, rely on employment as their sole source of income. Thus employment is the main link between economic growth and poverty reduction. This paper aims to investigate the nature of this job-less growth by using the Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) methodology to estimate the production functions for the industries and calculate the rate of factor utilisation in the manufacturing sector. Our hypothesis is that labour under-utilisation may be one of the driving factors behind this jobless growth. Finding lower than optimal employment for production and non-production workers across different industries, it further tries to establish the possible links between factor utilisation, productivity and other institutional characteristics of the firm. Policy recommendations are made on the basis of this analysis. JEL classification: L60, O53, J20, C23, D24 Keywords: Manufacturing, Pakistan, Labour, Panel Data, Production Function

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12

Satpathy, Lopamudra D., Bani Chatterjee, and Jitendra Mahakud. "Firm Characteristics and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 11, no. 1 (2017): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801016676013.

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Measurement of the productivity of firms is an important research issue in productivity literature. Over the years, various methods have been developed to measure firm productivity across the globe. But there is no unanimity on the use of methods, and research on the identification of factors which determine productivity has been neglected. In view of these gaps, this study aims to measure total factor productivity (TFP) and tries to identify firm-specific factors which determine productivity of Indian manufacturing companies. The study is based on data of 616 firms from 1998–99 to 2012–13. To measure TFP, the Levinsohn–Petrin (L-P) method has been employed, and the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method has been used to identify factors that affect TFP. The results reveal that embodied and disembodied technology plays a crucial role in the determination of productivity overall in manufacturing and other sub-industries. Similarly, the size of firms and intensity of raw material imports are also important for the determination of productivity across the sub-industries. JEL Classification: C14, C33, D24, L60

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13

Liaqat, Zara. "The End of Multi-Fibre Arrangement and Firm Performance in the Textile Industry: New Evidence." Pakistan Development Review 52, no. 2 (2013): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i2pp.97-126.

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Using a sample of 321 textile and clothing companies for the years 1992 to 2010, this paper analyses the effect of quota phase-outs on firm-level efficiency in Pakistan following the end of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA). It highlights sectoral heterogeneity within the manufacturing industry as a result of MFA expiration. The empirical methodology uses the structural techniques proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996), and Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) in order to take care of endogeneity in the estimation of production functions. The results differ for the two industries: MFA expiration lead to an increase in the average productivity of textile producing firms but a significant reduction in the mean productivity of clothing producers. We offer a number of explanations for this outcome, such as a change in the input and product mix, entry by non-exporters in the clothing sector, and sectoral differences in quality ladders. A number of crucial policy lessons can be drawn from the findings of this study. JEL Classification:F13; F14; D24; C14; O19 Keywords: Multi-Fibre Arrangement, Trade Liberalisation, Productivity, Firm Heterogeneity, Simultaneity and Production Functions, Endogeneity of Protection

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Giang, Mai, Tran Xuan, Bui Trung, Mai Que, and Yuichiro Yoshida. "Impact of Investment Climate on Total Factor Productivity of Manufacturing Firms in Vietnam." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124815.

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Investment climate has been acknowledged as a key factor that significantly influences economic performance. Improving the investment climate may foster the development of the private sector by creating sustainable jobs and opportunities for entrepreneurs, which contributes to sustained poverty reduction in developing countries. This research examined the relationship between the investment climate and firm productivity by exploring a unique panel dataset of 1310 enterprises operating in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam. Productivity was measured as the total factor productivity (TFP) obtained by production function estimation using Levinsohn and Petrin’s approach. Investment climate factors included infrastructure, labor skills, regulatory governance and institutions, and access to finance. It was shown that restrictions on the investment climate were harmful to firm productivity. The lack of Internet and financial accessibility, low educational level of employees, administrative burden and the cost of bribery were negatively associated with firm TFP. The results indicate that access to Internet and finance, and quality of labor should be further enhanced while administrative burden and corruption should be significantly reduced to strengthen the TFP. The findings of this study may provide insights for policymakers who aim to improve the investment climate and firm productivity and thereby contribute to the sustainable growth of the country.

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15

Park, Sungho, and Sachin Gupta. "Simulated Maximum Likelihood Estimator for the Random Coefficient Logit Model Using Aggregate Data." Journal of Marketing Research 46, no. 4 (2009): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.4.531.

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The authors propose a simulated maximum likelihood estimation method for the random coefficient logit model using aggregate data, accounting for heterogeneity and endogeneity. The method allows for two sources of randomness in observed market shares: unobserved product characteristics and sampling error. Because of the latter, the method is suitable when sample sizes underlying the shares are finite. In contrast, Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes's commonly used approach assumes that observed shares have no sampling error. The method can be viewed as a generalization of Villas-Boas and Winer's approach and is closely related to Petrin and Train's “control function” approach. The authors show that the proposed method provides unbiased and efficient estimates of demand parameters. They also obtain endogeneity test statistics as a by-product, including the direction of endogeneity bias. The model can be extended to incorporate Markov regime-switching dynamics in parameters and is open to other extensions based on maximum likelihood. The benefits of the proposed approach are achieved by assuming normality of the unobserved demand attributes, an assumption that imposes constraints on the types of pricing behaviors that are accommodated. However, the authors find in simulations that demand estimates are fairly robust to violations of these assumptions.

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16

Liu, Wenjun, Tomokazu Nomura, and Shoji Nishijima. "Gender discrimination and firms’ profit: evidence from Brazil." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 5 (2016): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-06-2014-0093.

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Purpose This paper investigates discrimination against women within the Brazilian labour market using firm-level data from the World Bank Investment Climate Survey. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the female employees in the Brazilian labour market are paid less than their productivity warrants due to the existence of discrimination. Design/methodology/approach Based on employer discrimination model proposed by Becker (1971) that considered the proportion of female employees as a proxy for the extent of discrimination, the authors estimate the profit function using OLS analysis, and regress it on the proportion of female employees and other firm characteristics. To address the endogeneity problem caused by unobservable productivity shocks, the authors employed the methods proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996) and Levinsohn and Petrin (2003), respectively. Findings The results indicate that the proportion of female employees has positive effect on firms’ profit in 2002, but has no effect in 2007. This finding gives evidence of the existence of discrimination against female employees within the Brazilian labour market in the early 2000s, while the gender discrimination was reduced overtime. Originality/value This paper’s main contribution is to provide an approach that differs from that of previous research to determine whether discrimination exists within the Brazilian labour market. This paper also provides policy insights for Brazilian labour market.

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17

Haider, Salman, and Javed Ahmad Bhat. "Does total factor productivity affect the energy efficiency." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 1 (2020): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-11-2018-0010.

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Purpose Because of growing energy consumption and increasing absolute CO2 emissions, the recent calibrations about the environmental sustainability across the globe have mandated to achieve the minimal energy consumption through employing energy-efficient technology. This study aims to estimate linkage between simple measure of energy efficiency indicator that is reciprocal of energy intensity and total factor productivity (TFP) in case of Indian paper industry for 21 major states. In addition, the study incorporates the other control variables like labour productivity, capital utilization and structure of paper industry to scrutinize their likely impact on energy efficiency performance of the industry. Design/methodology/approach To derive the plausible estimates of TFP, the study applies the much celebrated Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) methodology. Using the regional level data for the period 2001-2013, the study employs instrumental variable-generalized method of moments (GMM-IV) technique to examine the nature of relationship among the variables involved in the analysis. Findings An elementary examination of energy intensity shows that not all states are equally energy intensive. States like Goa, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are less energy intensive, whereas Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Assam and Punjab are most energy-intensive states on the basis of their state averages over the whole study period. The results estimated through GMM-IV show that increasing level of TFP is associated with lower level of energy per unit of output. Along this better skills and capacity utilization are also found to have positive impact on energy efficiency performance of industry. However, the potential heterogeneity within the structure of industry itself is found responsible for its higher energy intensity. Practical implications States should ensure and undertake substantial investment projects in the research and development of energy-efficient technology and that targeted allocations could be reinforced for more fruitful results. Factors aiming at improving the labour productivity should be given extra emphasis together with capital deepening and widening, needed for energy conservation and environmental sustainability. Given the dependence of structure of paper industry on the multitude of factors like regional inequality, economic growth, industrial structure and the resource endowment together with the issues of fragmented sizes, poor infrastructure and availability and affordability of raw materials etc., states should actively promote the coordination and cooperation among themselves to reap the benefits of technological advancements through technological spill overs. In addition, owing to their respective state autonomies, state governments should set their own energy saving targets by taking into account the respective potentials and opportunities for the different industries. Despite the requirement of energy-efficient innovations, however, the cons of technological advancements and the legal frameworks on the employment structure and distributional status should be taken care of before their adoption and execution. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that empirically examines the linkage between energy efficiency and TFP in case of Indian paper industry. The application of improved methods like Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) to derive the TFP measure and the use of GMM-IV to account for potential econometric problems like that of endogeneity will again add to the novelty of study.

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Feng, Yan, Jinbao Wang, and Yeujun Yoon. "Online Webcast Demand vs. Offline Spectating Channel Demand (Stadium and TV) in the Professional Sports League." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 9906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239906.

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This study investigates the online spectating behavior of sports fans. Due to the great mobility and low opportunity/switching costs, webcast sports fans’ spectating behaviors are distinct from those associated with traditional spectating channels such as stadium attendance or TV viewership. We explore the unique characteristics of online webcast demand in professional sports leagues by rigorously modeling all three spectating choices of sports fans. To consider the substitute relationship of the three spectating choices simultaneously, we employ a BLP (Berry–Levinsohn–Pakes)-style random coefficient model. For the analysis, we collect a comprehensive game-level dataset from the Korean Professional Baseball Organization (KBO) League fan samples from three different channels: online webcast viewership, stadium attendance, and TV viewership. We find that the demand for online webcasts is distinctive compared to that of traditional spectating channels. Notably, we find that the impact of team performance is three times stronger than that of TV viewership demand and that the impact of game quality is four times stronger than that of attendance demand. In contrast, a nonperformance variable is relatively less effective in attracting sports fans to online broadcasting. Furthermore, we find evidence of a strong retention effect of online webcast viewers. Our findings indicate that the previous spectating experience of online webcasts increases the next-time choice of sports fans for the webcast because the genuine spectating experience with distinctive webcast services (such as real-time interactive communication or various supplementary programs) can induce consumers to revisit the channel.

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Goldar, Bishwanath. "Services input and productivity in Indian manufacturing plants." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 1 (2019): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-11-2018-0117.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse econometrically determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in Indian manufacturing plants with a focus on the influence of services input on productivity. Design/methodology/approach Plant-level data drawn from Annual Survey of Industries for the years 1998-1999 to 2012-2013 are used for the estimation of TFP at plant-level by applying the Levinsohn–Petrin methodology. Econometric models are estimated to explain variations in plant-level TFP. The explanatory variables used are services input intensity (split into manufacturing services purchased and other services), the share of information communication technology (ICT) assets in total fixed capital stock, the share of contract workers in total workers and the share of imported materials out of total materials used, with plant size taken as a control variable. Model estimation is done by applying the fixed effects model. Findings Econometric results indicate that services input and ICT intensity have a significant positive effect on productivity of manufacturing plants in India. Use of imported materials raises productivity, whereas the use of contract workers in place of regular workers tends to lower productivity. The impact of imported materials on TFP of manufacturing plants seems to be relatively bigger for labour-intensive, low technology industries. Originality/value Care has been taken for TFP measurement. Analysis of the impact of services input on TFP has been undertaken for Indian manufacturing using plant-level data for the first time.

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Singh, Awadhesh Pratap, and Chandan Sharma. "Does selection of productivity estimation techniques matter?" Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 1 (2019): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the modern productivity estimation techniques, namely, Levinsohn and Petrin (LP, 2003), Ackerberg Caves and Frazer (ACF, 2006), Wooldridge (2009) and Mollisi and Rovigatti (MR, 2017) on unit-level data of 32 Indian industries for the period 2009-2015. Design/methodology/approach The paper first analyzes different issues encountered in total factor productivity (TFP) measurement. It then categorizes the productivity estimation techniques into three logical generations, namely, traditional, new and advanced. Next, it selects four contemporary estimation techniques, computes the industrial TFP for Indian states by using them and investigates their empirical outcomes. The paper also performs the robustness check to ascertain, which estimation technique is more robust. Findings The result indicates that the TFP growth of Indian industries have differed greatly over this seven-years of period, but the estimates are sensitive to the techniques used. Further results suggest that ACF and Wooldridge yield the consistent outcomes as compared to LP and MR. The robustness test confirms Wooldridge to be the most robust contemporary technique for productivity estimation followed by ACF and LP. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that compares the contemporary productivity estimation techniques. In this backdrop, this paper offers two novelties. First, it uses advanced production estimation techniques to compute TFP of 32 diverse industries of an emerging economy: India. Second, it addresses the fitment of estimation techniques by drawing a comparison and by conducting a robustness test, hence, contributing to the limited literature on comparing contemporary productivity estimation techniques.

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Goldar, Bishwanath, Isha Chawla, and Smruti Ranjan Behera. "Trade liberalization and productivity of Indian manufacturing firms." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 1 (2019): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-10-2018-0108.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of India’s trade liberalization during the late 1990s and 2000s on productivity of manufacturing firms and verify whether the productivity-enhancing impact of reductions in input tariffs was greater than that of output tariff cuts, as found in some earlier studies. Design/methodology/approach Firm-level (company-level) data drawn from Prowess database are used for the estimation of total factor productivity (TFP) at the firm level, done by using the Levinsohn–Petrin methodology. Econometric models are estimated to explain firm-level TFP. The explanatory variables used are output and input tariff rates and quantitative restrictions on imports at the industry level and firm characteristics such as firm size, export intensity and import intensity. Firm-level panel data for 2002-2010 or for a longer period 1998-2010 are used for the estimation of econometric models. Model estimation is done by applying the fixed-effects model and IV-2SLS, 3SLS estimators and EC2SLS estimators. Findings Trade liberalization had a significant positive effect on the productivity of Indian manufacturing firms. The lowering of output tariff had a greater beneficial impact on TFP of Indian manufacturing firms than the lowering of tariff on intermediate inputs. Originality/value Good deal of care has been taken in the measurement of output and inputs for the purpose of TFP measurement. Two alternative frameworks, gross output and value added, are used. This helps in making a better estimate of the impact of trade liberalization on TFP.

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Parida, Purna Chandra, and Kailash Chandra Pradhan. "Productivity and efficiency of labour intensive manufacturing industries in India." International Journal of Development Issues 15, no. 2 (2016): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-12-2015-0081.

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Purpose This paper aims to make an attempt to identify labour intensity of organized manufacturing industries in India using the Annual Survey of Industry (ASI) data at three-digit level. It estimates total factor productivity growth (TFPG) and technical efficiency for both labour intensive and all manufacturing industries during the pre- and post-reforms periods. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three approaches to estimate TFPG. They are growth accounting (GA) (non-parametric), production function with correction for endogeneity – Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) (semi-parametric) and stochastic production frontier (SPF) analysis (parametric). The study uses ASI data published by Central Statistical Organization, Government of India for the period 1980-1981 to 2007-2008 for the analysis. Findings The study finds that the rate of decline of the labour intensity is more pronounced in the case of labour-intensive industries than all the manufacturing industries. The results of GA method suggest that the TFPG of labour-intensive industries has declined continuously from the pre-reforms period to the post-reforms period. Similarly, LP method indicates a continuous decline in TFPG of labour-intensive manufacturing industries during the post-reforms period. Interestingly, the results of SPF method also corroborate the findings of earlier two methods at the aggregate level but vary at a certain degree at the disaggregated level. Originality/value This paper is useful in the context of India considering the importance given to labour-intensive industries by the present government in terms of reviving the sector and improving the productivity and output.

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Giang, Mai Huong, Bui Huy Trung, Yuichiro Yoshida, Tran Dang Xuan, and Mai Thanh Que. "The Causal Effect of Access to Finance on Productivity of Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195451.

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In many developing countries, obtaining financial services at affordable rates and fair terms has been a significant challenge for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, this issue has not been paid much attention in Vietnam, even though SMEs account for about 95% of total enterprises and the financial market of the country has not been well developed. This study investigates the causal effects of access to finance on productivity of SMEs operating in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam. Productivity was measured as the total factor productivity (TFP) obtained by production function estimation using the Levinsohn and Petrin approach. Regarding financial accessibility, two factors covered the extent to which firms might have a bank loan or overdraft facility were employed. To study the causal inferences of access to finance on firm productivity, the research adopted the difference-in-differences (DID) approach, as well as the propensity score matching (PSM) coupled with DID technique. The empirical results indicated that improving the financial accessibility could directly enhance firm productivity. Particularly, it was shown that firms having access to a bank loan could significantly improve TFP by approximately 8.6% in the DID model and about 9% in the PSM-DID model. Meanwhile, the firm average TFP increased by approximately 12.3% and 15.7% in simple DID and PSM-DID models, respectively, when firms had an overdraft facility. These findings suggest that the government should put more effort into assisting SMEs in generating bankable projects, and create a sound and healthy financial environment to stimulate firms’ access to finance, which will ensure their sustainability and growth.

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Mohapatra, Sonali Madhusmita. "Exchange rate exposure and firm productivity in India." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 12, no. 4 (2019): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-04-2019-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkage between exchange rate exposure and firms’ productivity in India. This study also tries to compare the effects of exchange rate exposure on the productivity of the pre- and post-financial crisis periods and also between export- and import-oriented firms. Design/methodology/approach By using the annual data of 232 manufacturing and service sector firms for the period of 2000-2013, this paper examines the exchange rate exposure and firms’ performance in India. In the first stage, the two-factor regression model, Adler and Dumas, is used, and in the second stage, the Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) approach is used for estimating the total factor productivity of significant firms. Finally, for examining the relationship between exchange rate exposure and productivity, the instrumental variable panel data regression model is used. Findings This study observes that a negative relation exists between the appreciation of exchange rate exposure and firms’ productivity. The study also reveals that the export-oriented firms make loss during exchange rate appreciation which decreases the productivity. The financial crisis has the negative impact on productivity, as well. Originality/value Although there are an ample number of studies which examined the effects of the exchange rate on firm’s export, growth, investment, however impact of exchange rate exposure on productivity at firm level is scanty. This study tries not only to compare the effects of exchange rate exposure on the productivity of the pre- and post-financial crisis periods but also between the export- and import-oriented firms which is another innovation of this study.

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McDonnell, Rachael A. "Book reviews : Huxhold, W.E. and Levinsohn, A.G. 1995: Man aging geographic information system projects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. xx + 254 pp. £32.50 cloth. ISBN: 0 19 507869 1." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 20, no. 3 (1996): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000311.

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Arun Kumar, Ramaa, and Mahua Paul. "Industry level analysis of productivity growth under market imperfections." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 1 (2019): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-11-2018-0115.

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Purpose This study aims to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) growth for the post-2008 period for selected industries in the manufacturing sector at NIC 3-digit. Total factor productivity growth (TFPG) estimates are based on the theoretical framework provided by studies such Hall (1988), Abraham et al. (2009) and Crepon et al. (2005) that incorporate market imperfection in labour and product market, thereby modifying the traditional TFP estimation as Solow Residual. Design/methodology/approach Based on the theoretical model that incorporates market imperfections in labour as well as product market in modifying the TFP estimates using the Levinsohn–Petrin framework of empirical estimation, the authors have calculated industry wise TFPG for 62 industries at NIC 3-digit level. Findings The study finds three distinct trends: first, there are considerable industrial disparities in productivity growth in terms of TFP. The estimates have been found to be higher than the conventional Solow Residual for most industries, indicating the role played by market imperfections in affecting the conventional measure of productivity growth. Second, estimates of bargaining power are found to be lower than those compared to the earlier estimates in Maiti (2013) for the Indian organised manufacturing case for 1998-2005. This observation is commensurate with the observation in recent years of a falling share in labour wage in total output in organised manufacturing sector. Finally, the study also found a statistically significant contribution of greater mechanisation on TFPG while an adverse effect of the rising dependence of organised manufacturing on contractual labour. Originality/value The role of market imperfections in measuring TFPG has been undertaken, and it has been found to be an important factor, as the estimated measures vary from the conventional measures of TFPG. Moreover, the study has considered a very recent period from 2008-2015 in estimating TFPG, as well as analysing the factors behind the trends in TFPG at industrial level.

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Eddy, Bethel L. "Henry Levinson." Overheard in Seville: Bulletin of the Santayana Society 29, no. 29 (2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/201129298.

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Levinson, A., and T. Silver. "Norman Levinson." BMJ 337, dec22 2 (2008): a3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a3046.

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No authorship indicated. "Harry Levinson." American Psychologist 48, no. 4 (1993): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0090735.

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Moulton, Harper W. "Harry Levinson." Business Horizons 38, no. 1 (1995): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(95)90108-6.

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Alkhateeb, Ibrahim. "Examining the universality of Brown and Levinsons Politeness model In the Arabic Gulf Context." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 5, no. 3 (2015): 780–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v5i3.2865.

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Brown and Levinson proposed a model of politeness, aiming to put forward a universal model for acting politely. This model has been widely discussed and criticised in the fields of pragmatics and discourse analysis, with the main critique of the model of politeness being put forward by two Japanese researchers, Matsumoto and Ide, and by the Chinese researchers, Gu and Mao. They argue that Brown and Levinsons model is western biased and does not represent politeness norms found all over the world (Fukushima, 2000). In this paper, the universality of the model is discussed, referring to the Gulf Arabic culture and related literature about the way Arabic speakers perform politeness. The argument of the paper is in favour of the model and supports its universality. The paper starts with a review of the model and then presents the critique, followed by information on the Gulf Arabic way of doing politeness; this is to be tested by collecting and rating some Gulf Arabic speakers responses to a set of cases in a questionnaire.

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Baer, Judith A. "Constitutional Faith.Sanford Levinson." Journal of Politics 51, no. 4 (1989): 1028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131554.

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Levinson, Jerrold. "II—Jerrold Levinson." Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 79, no. 1 (2005): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-7013.2005.00133.x.

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Ma, Zhong-Qi. "The Levinson theorem." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 48 (2006): R625—R659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/48/r01.

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Berg, David N. "Daniel J. Levinson." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 31, no. 4 (1995): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886395314010.

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Wan Mohammad, Wan Muna Ruzanna, and S. Vijaya Letchumy. "The Levinson Theory in the Detection of Spelling Errors Among Dyslexic Children." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 12 (2012): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2013/82.

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Sapitri, Putri Adrian, Aprilia Chasanah, Avivah Adinda Putri, and Jessica Paulima. "Exploring Brown and Levinson's Politeness Strategies: An Explanation on the Nature of the Politeness Phenomenon." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3801.

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This study aimed at reviwing brown levinson politeness strategies purposed in their book (1978) entitled "POLITENESS (Some Universals in Language Usage)". Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in research on politeness strategies from social and linguistic aspects. This is evident from the many papers that appear on this issue in international journals and monographs. Brown and Levinson (1978) developed a theory to explainphenomena related to the Politeness on verbal communication and non-verbal. This article For methods using a content analysis approach as a qualitative in research. Which has been studied in the book Brown & Levinson This article is interested in focusing on the types of politeness strategies put forward by Brown and Levinson (1978). This present study sees politeness stretegies proposed by brown and levinson still can be used in current situation related politeness both verbal and non verbal communication.

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Skawran, Karin M. "Tribute to Olga Levinson." de arte 24, no. 40 (1989): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043389.1989.11761098.

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PROCTOR, JON L. "Response to Levinson (1995)." Criminal Justice and Behavior 22, no. 2 (1995): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854895022002009.

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Bistritz, Y., H. Lev-Ari, and T. Kailath. "Immittance-domain Levinson algorithms." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 35, no. 3 (1989): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.30994.

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Levinson, Jerome. "Remarks by Jerome Levinson." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 93 (1999): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700067276.

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Nutting, Kurt. "Constitutional Faith. Sanford Levinson." Ethics 100, no. 1 (1989): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/293161.

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Delsarte, P., and Y. Genin. "The split Levinson algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 34, no. 3 (1986): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tassp.1986.1164830.

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Astrachan, Boris M., and Joseph H. Astrachan. "Memories of Daniel Levinson." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 31, no. 4 (1995): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886395314006.

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Kurylev, Yaroslav, Matti Lassas, and Ricardo Weder. "Multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem." Inverse Problems 21, no. 5 (2005): 1685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/21/5/011.

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Lowman, Rodney L., Michael A. Diamond, and Richard R. Kilburg. "Harry Levinson (1922–2012)." American Psychologist 67, no. 9 (2012): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030225.

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Steinman, Robert M., and John F. Tangney. "Professor John Z. Levinson." Vision Research 33, no. 9 (1993): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90216-j.

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Niklas, Stefan. "On the Reissue of The Authoritarian Personality." Krisis | Journal for Contemporary Philosophy 41, no. 1 (2021): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/krisis.41.1.37213.

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Review of Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson & R. Nevitt Sanford in collaboration with Betty Aron, Maria Hertz Levinson, and William Morrow (2019) The Authoritarian Personality. With an Introduction by Peter E. Gordon. London/New York: Verso.

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Badarevski, Bobi, та Lindita Ahmeti. "Кон Katherine Liepe-Levinson, Strip Show: Performances of Gender and Desire". Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 3, № 1 (2004): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v3i1.123.

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Author(s): Bobi Badarevski | Боби Бадаревски Title (Macedonian): Кон Katherine Liepe-Levinson, Strip Show: Performances of Gender and Desire Title (Albanian): Për Katherine Liepe-Levinson, Strip Show: Performances of Gender and Desire Translated by (Macedonian to Albanian): Lindita Ahmeti Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Summer 2004) Publisher: Research Center in Gender Studies - Skopje and Euro-Balkan Institute Page Range: 237-238 Page Count: 2 Citation (Macedonian): Боби Бадаревски, „Кон Katherine Liepe-Levinson, Strip Show: Performances of Gender and Desire“, Идентитети: списание за политика, род и култура, т. 3, бр. 1 (лето 2004): 237-238. Citation (Albanian): Bobi Badarevski, „Për Katherine Liepe-Levinson, Strip Show: Performances of Gender and Desire“, përkthim nga Maqedonishtja Lindita Ahmeti, Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Summer 2004): 237-238.

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Indrayanti, Tri, and Rika Amalia Puspita Rini. "Strategi Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Talk Show Q&A dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Tingkat SMP." Jurnal Ilmiah FONEMA : Jurnal Edukasi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/fn.v2i1.1501.

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ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan strategi kesopanan Brown dan Levinson dalam talkshow tanya jawab dan menjelaskan relevansi strategi kesopanan-bahasa terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di tingkat Sekolah Menengah. Teori yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Brown dan Levinson. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk strategi kesopanan Brown dan Levinson yang terjadi dalam talkshow tanya jawab pada bulan Agustus 2018 terdiri dari strategi kesopanan pertama Brown dan Levinson, yaitu tanpa strategi yang ditemukan yang mencakup pidato tanpa strategi. Strategi kedua kesopanan coklat dan strategi kesopanan positif Levinson ditemukan untuk memperhatikan pidato lawan, membesar-besarkan perhatian, persetujuan, dan simpati, mengintensifkan perhatian lawan dengan mendramatisasi fakta, mengintensifkan menggunakan penanda identitas kelompok, meminta persetujuan dengan topik umum atau mengulangi sebagian atau semua, menghindari perselisihan dengan berpura-pura setuju, menggunakan lelucon, mengekspresikan pemahaman tentang keinginan pembicara, memberikan penawaran atau janji, menunjukkan optimisme, melibatkan pembicara dalam kegiatan, memberikan pertanyaan meminta persetujuan, memberikan hadiah. Di mana strategi kesopanan negatif ditemukan menjadi pesimistis, meminimalkan paksaan, dan meminta maaf. Akhirnya, strategi Off Record ditemukan yang dimasukkan dalam strategi. Relevansi hasil penelitian dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMP kelas IX 3.9-4.10.

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