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Journal articles on the topic 'Lewis structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Purser, Gordon H. "Lewis Structures Are Models for Predicting Molecular Structure, Not Electronic Structure." Journal of Chemical Education 76, no. 7 (July 1999): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed076p1013.

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2

Reed, James L. "The Lewis Structure: An Expanded Perspective." Journal of Chemical Education 71, no. 2 (February 1994): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed071p98.

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3

Mois�s, Bonilla E., and Michel Malabre. "Geometric characterization of Lewis Structure Algorithm." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 13, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01188110.

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4

Harcourta, Richard D., and Thomas M. Klapötkeb. "Valence Bond Studies of N5+." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0903.

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The results of STO-6G valence-bond studies are reported for the six π-electrons of C2v symmetry N5+, with π-electron core charges determined from the valence bond structures. Important types of canonical Lewis structures are calculated to carry either three atomic formal charges, arranged spatially as (+), (-) and (+) , as in or a single (+) atomic formal charge, as in the “long-bond” structure When localized molecular orbitals are used to accommodate bonding electrons between pairs of adjacent atoms, each of these types of Lewis structures, and others, are components of the increased-valence structure whose bond properties are in qualitative accord with experimental estimates of the bond lengths for N5+. Consideration is also given to other types of valence bond representations for N5+, and the results of MP2 molecular orbital calculations for the hypothetical N82+ are reported. For the latter species, a stable energy minimum with C2 symmetry is obtained. Its bond lengths are related to those implied by a Lewis-type valence-bond structure

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5

Möricke, Jennifer, Birgit Wibbeling, Constantin G. Daniliuc, Gerald Kehr, and Gerhard Erker. "Design and reactions of a carbon Lewis base/boron Lewis acid frustrated Lewis pair." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2101 (July 24, 2017): 20170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0015.

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The conjugated dienamine 4 selectively adds Piers' borane [HB(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ] to give the enamine/borane system 5 , which features a boratirane structure by internal enamine carbon Lewis base to boron Lewis acid interaction. Compound 5 behaves as a C/B frustrated Lewis pair and undergoes typical addition reactions to benzaldehyde, several nitriles and to sulfur dioxide. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry’.

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6

Justyniak, Iwona, Daniel Prochowicz, Adam Tulewicz, Wojciech Bury, Piotr Goś, and Janusz Lewiński. "Structure investigations of group 13 organometallic carboxylates." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 3 (2017): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03958h.

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The effect of both the relative magnitude of electrophilicity of metal centres and the character of a Lewis base on the molecular structure of the electron-precise [R₂M(μ-O₂CPh)]₂-type carboxylates and their Lewis acid–base adducts [(R₂M)(μ-O₂CPh)(py-Me)] is reported.

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7

Brady, Joseph A., John N. Milbury-Steen, and John L. Burmeister. "Lewis structure skills: Taxonomy and difficulty levels." Journal of Chemical Education 67, no. 6 (June 1990): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed067p491.

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8

Miburo, Barnabe B. "Simplified Lewis Structure Drawing for Nonscience Majors." Journal of Chemical Education 75, no. 3 (March 1998): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed075p317.

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9

Lu, Dongmei, Yijin He, and Chao Wu. "Electronic structure of mono(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 42 (2019): 23533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04653d.

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10

Osmundsen, Christian M., Martin Spangsberg Holm, Søren Dahl, and Esben Taarning. "Tin-containing silicates: structure–activity relations." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2143 (February 29, 2012): 2000–2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0047.

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The selective conversion of biomass-derived substrates is one of the major challenges facing the chemical industry. Recently, stannosilicates have been employed as highly active and selective Lewis acid catalysts for a number of industrially relevant reactions. In the present work, four different stannosilicates have been investigated: Sn-BEA, Sn-MFI, Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-SBA-15. When comparing the properties of tin sites in the structures, substantial differences are observed. Sn-beta displays the highest Lewis acid strength, as measured by probe molecule studies using infrared spectroscopy, which gives it a significantly higher activity at low temperatures than the other structures investigated. Furthermore, the increased acid strength translates into large differences in selectivity between the catalysts, thus demonstrating the influence of the structure on the active site, and pointing the way forward for tailoring the active site to the desired reaction.

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11

Weinhold, Frank. "Comments on Purser's Article: "Lewis Structures are Models for Predicting Molecular Structure, Not Electronic Structure"." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 4 (April 2005): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p527.3.

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12

Hensen, Karl, Alexander Lemke, and Michael Bolte. "Lewis-Säure/Base Addukte von TiCl4 und Methylpyridinen / Lewis Acid/Base Adducts of TiCl4 and Methylpyridines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-0912.

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By the reaction of 2-methyl- and 2,6-dimethylpyridine the first neutral TiCl4L complexes (L = single bonded ligand) could be synthesized. The structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray methods. The best description of the molecular structure is a distorted trigonal bipyramid with the nitrogen base occupying an equatorial position. With 2,4-dimethylpyridine, a 1:2 adduct is formed, where the nitrogen bases are in trans-positions of a TiCl4N2-octahedron, as also confirmed by an X-ray analysis

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13

Ugorski, Maciej, and Anna Laskowska. "Sialyl Lewis(a): a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen involved in adhesion and metastatic potential of cancer cells." Acta Biochimica Polonica 49, no. 2 (June 30, 2002): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2002_3788.

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Neoplastic transformation is often associated with characteristic changes in the expression of the sialyl Lewis(a) and sialyl Lewis(x) antigens, representing typical tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. High amounts of sialyl Lewis(a) are present in human adenocarcinomas of the colon, pancreas and stomach. A growing amount of data suggests that this carbohydrate structure is the ligand for E-selectin. Sialylated Lewis structures present on the surface of tumor cells are carried by the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. There are several lines of evidence showing that sialyl Lewis(a) is responsible for the adhesion of human cancer cells to endothelium. E-selectin present on endothelial cells mediates these interactions. Selectins and their carbohydrate ligands can thus play an important role in the selective homing of tumor cells during metastasis. However, the presence of sialyl Lewis(a) antigen on the surface of tumor cells and their adhesion to E-selectin-expressing cells in in vitro adhesion assay by itself can not be directly related to metastatic properties of all cancer cells.

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14

Fischer, Jelena, Judith Baumgartner, and Christoph Marschner. "Synthesis and Structure of Sila-Adamantane." Science 310, no. 5749 (November 3, 2005): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1118981.

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An organosilicon cage compound containing the sila-adamantane structural unit, which is the building block of crystalline silicon, was synthesized by the Lewis acid‐catalyzed rearrangement reaction of a structural isomer.

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15

Fritz, Peter M., Martin Steimann, and Wolfgang Beck. "Metallorganische Lewis-Säuren, XLI [1] / Organometallic Lewis Acids, XLI [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-1216.

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Addition of [Re(CO)5]+ (as (OC)5ReFBF3) to compounds of the type Cp(OC)2Fe—C(S)SR (R = CH3, Fe(CO)2Cp) gives the products [Cp(OC)2Fe—C(SCH3)S—Re(CO)5]+BF4- (1) and {Cp(OC)2Fe—C[SFe(CO)2Cp]—S—Re(CO)5}+BF4- (2), respectively. Complex 2 has been characterized by an x-ray structure analysis. From (OC)5ReFBF3 and (Ph4P)2(OC)2Fe(η2—CS2), the complex [(Ph3P)2(OC)2Fe[μ2-η2(C,S):η1 (S′)]Re(CO)5]+BF4- (3) has been obtained.

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16

Nkosi, Thobile, and Lindelani Mnguni. "THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL MOLECULAR MODELS ON STUDENTS' VISUO-SEMIOTIC REASONING SKILLS RELATED TO THE LEWIS STRUCTURE AND BALL & STICK MODEL OF AMMONIA." Journal of Baltic Science Education 19, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/20.19.594.

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Visuo-semiotic models, such as Lewis structures and ball & stick models, are widely used to enhance students’ learning. However, there is limited research about the impact of these models on specific visuo-semiotic reasoning skills. In the current research, we aimed to determine the extent to which physical molecular models could enhance specific visuo-semiotic reasoning skills among students. The research question that we explored was, “what is the impact of physical molecular models on Grade 11 students’ visuo-semiotic reasoning skills related to Lewis structures and ball & stick models of ammonia?” In this mixed-methods research, we collected data from purposively selected Grade 11 chemistry students aged between 15 and 18 from an under-resourced school in South Africa. Through a quasi-experimental design, participants in the experimental group (n = 101) used physical molecular models to learn about Lewis structure and ball & stick models of ammonia while participants in the control group (n = 100) did not. We subsequently tested students' visuo-semiotic reasoning skills. Results show that using physical molecular models significantly improved students' visuo-semiotic reasoning skills and reduced associated learning difficulties. We, therefore, recommend that these models should be used as an instructional tool to enhance learning. Keywords: ball & stick models, Lewis structures, physical models, visuo-semiotic reasoning.

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17

Ould, Darren M. C., Thao T. P. Tran, Jeremy M. Rawson, and Rebecca L. Melen. "Structure–property-reactivity studies on dithiaphospholes." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 45 (2019): 16922–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03577j.

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The crystal structures of P-halo-1,2,3-dithiaphospholes and the reduced P–P coupled dimer are reported. Treatment with Lewis acids affords phosphenium cations which are shown to be active catalysts for hydroboration reactions.

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18

Yamasaki, Terumasa. "Structure and Lewis acid sites in alumoxane compounds." Catalysis Today 23, no. 4 (April 1995): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(94)00159-y.

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19

GOIX, P. J., and I. G. SHEPHERD. "Lewis Number Effects on Turbulent Premixed Flame Structure." Combustion Science and Technology 91, no. 4-6 (June 1993): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209308907644.

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20

Coughlin, Omar, Tobias Krämer, and Sophie L. Benjamin. "Diverse structure and reactivity of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl antimony(iii) cations." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 6 (2020): 1726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00024h.

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21

van Roon, Anne-Marie M., Navraj S. Pannu, Johannes P. M. de Vrind, Gijs A. van der Marel, Jacques H. van Boom, Cornelis H. Hokke, André M. Deelder, and Jan Pieter Abrahams. "Structure of an Anti-Lewis X Fab Fragment in Complex with Its Lewis X Antigen." Structure 12, no. 7 (July 2004): 1227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.05.008.

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22

Drescher, Regina, Leonie Wüst, Cornelius Mihm, Ivo Krummenacher, Alexander Hofmann, James Goettel, and Holger Braunschweig. "Synthesis, structure and insertion reactivity of Lewis acidic 9-aluminafluorenes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 30 (2021): 10400–10404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01897c.

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23

Erdmann, Markus, Thomas Wiegand, Jonas Blumenberg, Hellmut Eckert, Jinjun Ren, Constantin G. Daniliuc, Gerald Kehr, and Gerhard Erker. "Formation, structural characterization, and reactions of a unique cyclotrimeric vicinal Lewis pair containing (C6F5)2P-Lewis base and (C6F5)BH-Lewis acid components." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 40 (2014): 15159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02081b.

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24

Lichtenberg, Crispin. "Molecular bismuth(iii) monocations: structure, bonding, reactivity, and catalysis." Chemical Communications 57, no. 37 (2021): 4483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc01284c.

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25

Hawthorne, Frank C. "Structure and chemistry of phosphate minerals." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 2 (April 1998): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547512.

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AbstractFor complex rocks in which the structure of minerals, rather than their chemical composition, changes with progressive evolution of the system, it makes sense to try and monitor such an evolving system through the progressive change in the crystal structures of the constituent phases. In effect, the paragenetic sequences of minerals in such complex environments should be related to the crystal structures of the constituent minerals. In order to consider variations in structure topology, we need to organize crystal structures into hierarchical schemes, using the hypothesis that structures may be hierarchically ordered according to the polymerization of the coordination polyhedra with higher bondstrengths. Structural units are organized according to the mode of polymerization: unconnected polyhedra, clusters, chains, sheets and frameworks.The bond-valence structure of (OH) and (H2O) shows that on one side, (OH) and H2O are strong Lewis bases; on the other side, they are weak Lewis acids. As a result, a very important role of both (OH) and (H2O) is to prevent polymerization of the structural unit in specific directions. Thus, the dimensionality of the structural unit is controlled primarily by the amount and role of hydrogen in the structure. The way in which we have formulated these ideas also allows development of a predictive framework within which specific aspects of the chemistry and structure of phosphates can be considered.This approach to mineral structure, applied via the idea of a structural unit, can play a major role in developing structural hierarchies in order to bring about some sort of order to the plethora of hydroxyhydrated-phosphate structures. Furthermore, by combining the idea of binary structural representation with bond-valence theory, we see the eventual possibility of predicting stoichiometry and structural characteristics of these minerals, particularly those in complex low-temperature hydrothermal environments

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26

Krahl, Thoralf, and Erhard Kemnitz. "Aluminium fluoride – the strongest solid Lewis acid: structure and reactivity." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (2017): 773–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy02369j.

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27

Wang, Hao, Tek Long Chan, and Zuowei Xie. "Cyclic amino(carboranyl) silylene: synthesis, structure and reactivity." Chemical Communications 54, no. 4 (2018): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc08690c.

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A carbene-stabilized cyclic amino(carboranyl) silylene has been prepared and structurally characterized, which can form a Lewis acid–base adduct with borane and undergo cycloaddition reactions with unsaturated molecules such as diphenylacetylene and benzophenone.

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28

Schrumpf, Frank, Herbert W. Roesky, and Mathias Noltemeyer. "Notizen: Darstellung und Struktur des Addukts (η5-C5Me5)TaF4· HN =PPh3 / Preparation and Structure of the Adduct (η5-C5Me5)TaF4 · HN = PPh3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1600–1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-1125.

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Cp*TaF4 (1) (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) forms a Lewis acid Lewis base adduct with the iminophosphorane HN = PPh3 (2). The adduct Cp*TaF4·NH=PPh3 (3) is remarkably stable to thermal decomposition. The X-ray crystal structure of 3 was investigated.

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29

Xiang, Mei, and Dongfang Wu. "Transition metal-promoted hierarchical ETS-10 solid base for glycerol transesterification." RSC Advances 8, no. 58 (2018): 33473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06811a.

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The inherent Lewis basicity and hierarchical structure of ETS-10 favor oriented conversion of glycerol. Moreover, Ni⁰ species play a critical role in accelerating the interaction of Lewis basic sites with active glycerol hydroxyl groups.

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30

Coghlan, Samuel W., Richard L. Giles, Judith A. K. Howard, Leonard G. F. Patrick, Michael R. Probert, Gillian E. Smith, and Andrew Whiting. "Synthesis and structure of potential Lewis acid–Lewis base bifunctional catalysts: 2-N,N-Diisopropylaminophenylboronate derivatives." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 690, no. 21-22 (November 2005): 4784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.07.108.

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31

KURDYUMOV, VADIM N., and AMABLE LIÑÁN. "STRUCTURE OF A FLAME FRONT PROPAGATING AGAINST THE FLOW NEAR A COLD WALL." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 12, no. 11 (November 2002): 2547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127402006023.

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The flashback or propagation of premixed flames against the flow of a reacting mixture, along the low velocity region near a cold wall, is investigated numerically. The analysis, carried out using the constant density approximation for an Arrhenius overall reaction, accounts for the effects of the Lewis number of the limiting reactant. Flame front propagation and flashback are only possible for values of the near wall velocity gradient below a critical value. The flame propagation becomes chaotic for small values of the Lewis number.

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32

Sarkar, Anupam, Ajay Kumar Jana, and Srinivasan Natarajan. "Aliphatic amine mediated assembly of [M6(mna)6] (M = Cu/Ag) into extended two-dimensional structures: synthesis, structure and Lewis acid catalytic studies." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 14 (2021): 6503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00544h.

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33

Hirsch, Warren, and Mark Kobrak. "Lewis Structure Representation of Free Radicals Similar to ClO." Journal of Chemical Education 84, no. 8 (August 2007): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed084p1360.

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34

Pushkar, Yu N., A. Sinitsky, O. O. Parenago, A. N. Kharlanov, and E. V. Lunina. "Structure and Lewis acid properties of gallia–alumina catalysts." Applied Surface Science 167, no. 1-2 (October 2000): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(00)00510-9.

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35

Ferro-Costas, David, and Ricardo A. Mosquera. "Revisiting Lewis dot structure weightings: a pair density perspective." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 11 (2015): 7424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05548a.

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36

Saito, Shinichi, Jian Zhang, and Toru Koizumi. "Synthesis and Structure of Novel Haloselenurane−Lewis Acid Complexes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 63, no. 17 (August 1998): 6029–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo980215f.

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37

Saito, Shinichi, Jian Zhang, and Toru Koizumi. "Synthesis and Structure of Novel Haloselenurane−Lewis Acid Complexes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 63, no. 26 (December 1998): 10086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo984025g.

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38

DICKSON, LAWRENCE, DALLAS SWALLOW, and ALASTAIR S. R. DONALD. "A new monoclonal antibody recognizing a Lewis-related structure." Biochemical Society Transactions 15, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0150400.

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39

Saito, Masaichi, Tomoki Akiba, Misumi Kaneko, Toshiaki Kawamura, Minori Abe, Masahiko Hada, and Mao Minoura. "Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Lewis Base Stabilized Plumbacyclopentadienylidenes." Chemistry - A European Journal 19, no. 50 (November 15, 2013): 16946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201303672.

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40

Agou, Tomohiro, Shin Ikeda, Takahiro Sasamori, and Norihiro Tokitoh. "Synthesis and Structure of Lewis-Base-Free Phosphinoalumane Derivatives." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2016, no. 5 (November 13, 2015): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201501141.

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41

Denmark, Scott E., Robert T. Jacobs, Ginny Dai-Ho, and Scott Wilson. "Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of an organogermanium Lewis acid." Organometallics 9, no. 12 (December 1990): 3015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00162a006.

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42

Yoder, Claude H., Ruth A. Morreall, Carmen I. Butoi, Wendy J. Kowalski, and J. N. Spencer. "The structure and Lewis acidity of some triorganotin carboxylates." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 448, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(93)80067-l.

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43

Paradies, Jan. "From structure to novel reactivity in frustrated Lewis pairs." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 380 (February 2019): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.014.

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44

Kumar, Nivesh, Claire Laye, Frédéric Robert, and Yannick Landais. "Quinoline‐Based Silylium Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Lewis Acidity." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, no. 25 (July 2, 2021): 3613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202100604.

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45

Khebichat, N., K. Nekkaz, and S. Ghalem. "Conformational Search on the Lewis X Structure by Molecular Dynamic: Study of Tri- and Pentasaccharide." International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2012 (February 13, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/725271.

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Carbohydrates play vital roles in many biological processes, such as recognition, adhesion, and signalling between cells. The Lewis X determinant is a trisaccharide fragment implicated as a specific differentiation antigen, tumor antigen, and key component of the ligand for the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule, so it is necessary or essential to determine and to know their conformational and structural properties. In this work, conformational analysis was performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with the AMBER10 program package in order to study the dynamic behavior of of the Lewis X trisaccharide (β-D-Gal-(1,4)-[α-L-Fuc-(1,3)]-β-D-GlcNAc-OMe) and the Lewis X pentasaccharide (β-D-Gal-(1,4)-[α-L-Fuc-(1,3)]-β-D-GlcNAc-(1,3)-β-D-Gal-(1,4)-β-D-Glu-OMe) in explicit water model at 300 K for 10 ns using the GLYCAM 06 force field.

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46

CHEN, ZHENHUA, JINSHUAI SONG, LINGCHUN SONG, and WEI WU. "A VALENCE BOND APPROACH BASED ON LEWIS STRUCTURES." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 07, no. 04 (August 2008): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633608004039.

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In this paper, a valence bond method based on Lewis structures, called LVB, is presented. The method uses a Slater determinant expansion of doubly occupied orbitals for describing a Lewis structure, where two orbital sets, semi-localized orbitals, called bond orbitals, and localized hybrid atomic orbitals (HAOs), are employed. The levels of LVB method are fashioned as LVBS, LVBSD, etc. LVBS involves only the single bond orbital replacements with HAOs, while LVBSD involves also double replacements, and so on. Tests of three examples, methane, methylene, and benzene, show that the LVB method at both of LVBS and LVBSD levels gives results that match those of the VBSCF method very well, even though the form of LVB wave function is much compact.

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47

Grabowski, Sławomir J. "Hydrogen Bond and Other Lewis Acid–Lewis Base Interactions as Preliminary Stages of Chemical Reactions." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 4668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204668.

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Various Lewis acid–Lewis base interactions are discussed as initiating chemical reactions and processes. For example, the hydrogen bond is often a preliminary stage of the proton transfer process or the tetrel and pnicogen bonds lead sometimes to the SN2 reactions. There are numerous characteristics of interactions being first stages of reactions; one can observe a meaningful electron charge transfer from the Lewis base unit to the Lewis acid; such interactions possess at least partly covalent character, one can mention other features. The results of different methods and approaches that are applied in numerous studies to describe the character of interactions are presented here. These are, for example, the results of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, of the decomposition of the energy of interaction or of the structure-correlation method.

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48

Purser, Gordon H. "Comments on Purser's Article: "Lewis Structures are Models for Predicting Molecular Structure, Not Electronic Structure" (the author replies)." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 4 (April 2005): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p528.

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49

Thote, Prashant, and Gowri S. "EVIDENCE BASED LEARNING: AN ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF TEACHER’S DESIGN MODEL ON CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i3.2021.3702.

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Lewis dot structure is taught in Chemistry at senior secondary school level. The competence to draw the Lewis dot structure and its interpretation lays foundation for advance learning. In the present paper attempt is made to investigate the impact of teacher made model to enhance deep conceptual understanding of Lewis dot structure in Chemistry. The concept is taught by using expository and discussion method but these teaching methods do not improve the students’ ability to construct their knowledge - as a result learners do not have deep conceptual understanding. An optional way to increase learner’s understanding in cognitive aspect is by using teaching aids developed by the teacher. Feasibility percentage of these models is 95%. The present research uses one group (pre-formative and post formative assessment) experimental design. Totally 35 students of Grade 12 partake in the study. Purposive sampling technique is used to draw the sample. Data is collected by using formative assessment before and after the treatment. Test score and t-test are the statistical tools used for the analysis of data. The content test validity is 96% and the reliability co-efficient is 0.86 on Spearman- Brown. Result of the present study illustrates that the model developed for teaching-learning of Lewis dot structure is effective to enhance the deep conceptual learning and to acquire intended learning outcomes. It is illustrated by the paired analysis of sample t with t score (-38.52) is less than the critical - t value (-2.03). There is a major difference in the scores of learners before and after the treatment. The effectiveness of teacher made Lewis dot structure model is determined by formative assessment both before and after the treatment. The score of cognitive skills (0.658) is categorized under moderate gain.

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Yang, Guo-Ping, Shu-Xia Shang, Bing Yu, and Chang-Wen Hu. "Ce(iii)-Containing tungstotellurate(vi) with a sandwich structure: an efficient Lewis acid–base catalyst for the condensation cyclization of 1,3-diketones with hydrazines/hydrazides or diamines." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 10 (2018): 2472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qi00678d.

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