To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Lexical ambiguity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lexical ambiguity'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Lexical ambiguity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ranjous, Majd. "Lexical ambiguity processing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549666.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the processes underlying the interpretation of lexically ambiguous words. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 looked at sentence context effects on the processing of balanced ambiguities. The experiments show clear priming of words related to the meanings of the ambiguous word, but they failed to show any effects of context on meaning activation. Experiments 4 and 5 examined meaning activation when ambiguous words are presented on their own. Of particular interest the experiments examined whether meaning frequency has a major role in the early meaning activation, in other words whether the dominant meaning is activated first. Again the experiments showed significant activation of both meanings of the homograph but there was no evidence that frequency is a major factor in this activation process. Experiments 6 and 7 examined context effects on meaning activation in the form of single word context. Experiment 6 used the same materials as in Experiments 4 and 5while Experiment 7 used a subset of those materials and added new materials. Again, both experiments provided further evidence that both meanings are activated with no significant effects of word-context. Finally, Experiments 8, 9, and 10 investigated the role of subjects' attentive strategy; an important factor in language processing in general, and word recognition and meaning selection in particular. EJ5.periment 8 used materials from Experiment 7 but manipulated the semantic relation in the filler items to focus attention on the semantic relation in the experimental items. Similarly, Experiments 9 and 10 looked at this strategic role but in sentence context rather than word context. Experiment 8 produced results showing that subjects can indeed use this strategy to direct attention to the upcoming target resulting in selective access of the dominant meaning when context biased this meaning. When context biased the subordinate meaning, however, both meanings were accessed. Experiments 9 and 10 produced results showing that subjects can use this strategy but differently. In Experiment 9 there was marginally significant activation for both meanings. When context was manipulated in Experiment 10 both meanings were significantly activated Based on these results, a theoretical account of lexical ambiguity processing is proposed, and the thesis considers its implications for theories of lexical ambiguity and word recognition in general
2
Meyer, Aaron M. "Eye-tracking investigations of lexical ambiguity." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4141.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 18, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
3
Sutton, Stephen. "An investigation into statistically-based lexical ambiguity resolution." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387075.
Full text
4
Rodd, Jennifer Mary. "Semantic representation and lexical competition : evidence from ambiguity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620948.
Full text
5
Gooding, Christine M. "Lexical Ambiguity Resolution in Children: Frequency and Context Effects." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1130355431.
Full text
6
Ray, Elizabeth Michelle. "Gestures Used by ESL Children to Resolve Lexical Ambiguity." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428927667.
Full text
7
Li, Linlin [Verfasser], and Caroline [Akademischer Betreuer] Sporleder. "Computational modeling of lexical ambiguity / Linlin Li. Betreuer: Caroline Sporleder." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052550290/34.
Full text
8
Mendling, Jan, Fabian Pittke, and Henrik Leopold. "Automatic detection and resolution of lexical ambiguity in process models." Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V, 2016. https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/730.
Full text
9
Romero, Carolina. "Making sense of word senses : evidence for a lexical ambiguity continuum." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81510.
Full textAbstract:
Polysemy refers to word forms that have semantically related or overlapping meanings. Studies of polysemy are few in number and contradictory. Some find differences between polysemy and homonymy (Frazier & Rayner, 1990); others find similarities (Klein & Murphy, 2001). Here, polysemous words independently rated to have low, moderate, or high semantic overlap of their distinct meanings, were studied using the methods of Klein & Murphy. Participants judged the sensicality of phrases consisting of a modifier and a polysemous word as a function of a cooperating, conflicting, or neutral context. Low and moderate-overlap words elicited slower judgments than high-overlap words, and were facilitated by a cooperating context. In contrast, high-overlap words were uniformly fast and did not differ as function of context. Thus, low- and moderate-overlap polysemous words behave similarly to homonyms, whereas high-overlap words do not. This is taken as support for a lexical ambiguity continuum delimited by homonymy and polysemy, without precise boundaries between the two.
10
Hlongwana, Colfar. "Ambiguity in XiTsonga." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1768.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (Translation studies and Lingustics)) --University of Limpopo, 2015The aim of this study is to investigate ambiguity in Xitsonga. There are many kinds of ambiguity, but the study mainly focuses on lexical and structural ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity occurs at word level and is caused by homonyms (homophones and homographs) and polysemes. Structural ambiguity occurs at sentence level. This kind of ambiguity manifests in the structure of the sentence itself. Data were collected through self-observation as a native Xitsonga speaker. Words and sentences with multiple meanings in Xitsonga were listed and tree diagrams were used to illustrate and disambiguate ambiguity. The study reveals that, like other languages, Xitsonga has words and sentences with double or many meanings. KEYWORDS AMBIGUITY, LEXICAL AMBIGUITY, STRUCTURAL AMBIGUITY, HOMONYM, HOMOPHONES, HOMOGRAPHS, POLYSEMES.
11
Arêas, da Luz Fontes Ana B. "Developing lexical competition resolution mechanisms through reading experience." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Full text
12
Kadulina, Yara. "The effects of working memory and speech rate on lexical ambiguity resolution /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99377.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies of how working memory (WM) capacity affects lexical ambiguity resolution have been inconclusive about the choice between inhibition and activation comprehension strategies. In contrast, an adaptive inhibition hypothesis suggests that this choice depends on the availability of WM resources. We used a cross-modal semantic priming paradigm. Participants listened to sentences biasing the subordinate meanings of homonyms, presented at a fast or slow speech rate. We measured lexical decision response latencies to target words that were related to either the subordinate or dominant meaning of homonyms. A WM test was used to evaluate participants' WM capacity. At a fast rate, both high and low WM participants activated dominant (or irrelevant) meanings of the subordinate-biased homonyms. At a regular rate, participants with low WM capacity activated dominant meanings; however, participant with high WM inhibited them. Thus, people with high WM activate and inhibit alternative meanings more flexibly than people with low WM.
13
Jager, Bernadet. "Processing lexical ambiguity : the effects of meaning relatedness, word frequency, concreteness, and level of processing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185856.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the processing of lexical ambiguity: words with several unrelated meanings (homonymy) or many related senses (polysemy). Chapter I provides a literature overview of studies investigating this topic. Chapters 2 and 3 pursue a first goal: to investigate whether effects are influenced by the methodology of defining lexical ambiguity. The results support the hypothesis (Rodd, Gaskell, & Marslen- Wilson, 2002) that studies using questionnaires to define lexical ambiguity (e.g. Rubenstein, Garfield, & Millikan, 1970) found a polysemy advantage rather than a homonymy advantage. Questionnaire-based ambiguity classifications are more similar to dictionary-defined polysemy than to homonymy (Experiment 1). Moreover, earlier findings (e.g. Rodd et al., 2002) of a polysemy advantage and homonymy disadvantage are replicated, and the questionnaire-based classifications result in effects more similar to the former than to the latter (Experiments 2 to 4). Chapters 4 to 6 pursue a second goal: to explore the effects of polysemy and homonymy with new stimuli. Chapters 4 and 5 indicate that polysemy effects are sensitive to concreteness (Experiments 5 & 6), frequency (Experiment 7), and level of processing (Experiment 8). Furthermore, polysemy effects seem to take place relatively late (Experiment 9). In contrast, Chapter 6 does not find any effects of homonymy (Experiments 10 to 12). Chapter 7 pursues a third goal: to test whether the relationship between senses plays a role in word processing. Sense relationship influences word recognition (Experiments 13 & 16), but not semantic categorization (Experiment 14). The temporal locus of the lexical decision effect cannot be determined (Experiment 15). Finally, Chapter 8 shows that the current findings fit reasonably well within an account by Rodd, Gaskell, and Marslen- Wilson (2004), and suggests possible directions for further research.
14
Welch, Emily C. "Functionally illiterate adults resolve reading difficulties presented by lexically ambiguous words : an investigation of the ability of the lexical quality hypothesis to describe differential reading skill /." Connect to online version, 2005. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2005/122.pdf.
Full text
15
Peng, Su Soon. "Lexical ambiguity in poetry : with illustrations from the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315471.
Full text
16
Brien, Christie. "Neurophysiological Evidence of a Second Language Influencing Lexical Ambiguity Resolution in the First Language." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26223.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the effects of acquiring a second language (L2) at later periods of language development and native-like homonym processing in the first language (L1) from the perspective of Event-Related brain Potentials (ERP) using a cross-modal lexical decision task. To date, there is a lack of neurophysiological investigations into the effect that acquiring an L2 can have on processing strategies in the L1, and whether or not there is a precise age at which L2 exposure no longer affects native-like language processing. As such, my goal is to pinpoint this sensitive period specifically for homonym processing. To achieve this, I will present and discuss the results of two studies. The first study employs behavioural response measures using a cross-modal lexical decision task where participants simultaneously heard a sentence and made a decision to a visually-presented pseudoword or real word. The second study employs ERP measures using a novel ERP paradigm which investigates not only the main objective of this dissertation, but the second objective as well. This second objective is for this dissertation to become the first to evaluate the outcome of combining the cross-modal lexical decision task with ERPs. The behavioural and neurophysiological results for the monolingual group support the Reordered Access Model (Duffy, Morris, & Rayner, 1988) while the results for the bilingual groups do not. The results of the current studies indicate that those bilinguals who acquired French as an L2 rather than as a second native L1 show increasing divergence from monolingual native speakers in L1 homonym processing, with later acquirers exhibiting an exponentially marked divergence. This was found even though the task was carried out in English, the L1 (or one of the L1s) of all participants. The diverging performances of the bilinguals from the monolinguals were apparent in behavioural responses as well as in the amplitude, scalp distribution, and latency of ERP components, These differences were unique to each group, which supports the hypothesis that the acquisition of an L2 influences processing in the L1 (Dussias & Sagarra, 2007). Specifically, the early and late bilingual groups exhibited a marked divergence from the monolingual group as they revealed syntactic priming effects (p<.001) as well as lexical frequency effects (p<.001). They also revealed the greatest P600-like effect as they processed target words which were inappropriately- related to the priming homonyms (such as skin in Richard had a shed in the back of the garden). This suggests a heightened sensitivity to surface cues due to the L2 influencing homonym processing in the L1 (Cook, 2003; Dussias & Sagarra, 2007). Comparatively, the monolingual group revealed equal N400-like effects for lexical ambiguities overall compared to the unrelated conditions, and a context-by-frequency-interaction slowing their processing of the target word that is appropriately-related to the subordinate reading of the priming homonym, suggesting that they are not as sensitive to these same surface cues. Importantly, these results confirm that using ERPs along with a cross-modal lexical decision task is a promising paradigm to further study language processing.
17
Abraham, Ashley N. "Word Recognition in High and Low Skill Spellers: Context effects on Lexical Ambiguity Resolution." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1493035902158255.
Full text
18
Johnstone, Anne. "The effects of word boundary ambiguity on lexical access in automatic continuous speech recognition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24026.
Full text
19
Childers, Marie B. Childers. "Individual Differences in Using Context to Resolve Phonological Ambiguity." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1528056981332172.
Full text
20
Barrette, Martine. "Contributions of the right and left hemispheres to lexical ambiguity resolution : evidence from unilaterally brain-damaged adults." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32978.
Full textAbstract:
The present experiment was conducted to explore the time-course of lexical ambiguity resolution in normal control (NC) subjects and the nature of right hemisphere-damaged (RHD) and left hemisphere-damaged (LHD) patients' impairments in this process. NC, RHD and LHD subjects performed a cross-modal lexical decision task, in which they heard sentence contexts that were biased toward the dominant or subordinate meanings of ambiguous words occurring before the end of the sentence. Written target words related to the dominant or subordinate meaning of the ambiguous words were introduced either at the onset of the ambiguous word (immediate condition), or 1000 ms later (delayed condition). Results revealed that both dominant and subordinate meanings were primed in the immediate condition, irrespective of context type or group. In the delayed condition, only the contextually-appropriate dominant meanings were primed in normal control subjects, whereas both patient groups showed significant priming only for the contextually-inappropriate dominant meanings. Findings for the NC subjects are interpreted in support of a modular model of lexical ambiguity resolution, and more specifically of an exhaustive access view. Patients' results are discussed with reference to a delayed suppression mechanism of inappropriate meanings, which is thought to be involved in these patients' language comprehension deficits.
21
Klepousniotou, Ekaterini. "On the resolution of lexical ambiguity : unilateral brain damage effects on the processing of homonymy and polysemy." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85078.
Full textAbstract:
An increasing amount of evidence suggests that both cerebral hemispheres contribute to the comprehension of semantic relations. A literature review of language abilities after right hemisphere (RH) damage reveals abnormalities in the interpretation of lexical items that have alternate meanings (Chiarello, 1991). Two major theories have been proposed to account for the lexical-semantic deficits observed in RH damaged (RHD) individuals, namely the "suppression deficit" and the "coarse semantic coding" hypotheses. By exploiting the theoretical linguistic distinction of lexical ambiguity into homonymy, metaphor and metonymy, the present investigation attempts to directly contrast the predictions of the two hypotheses. To this end, two on-line priming studies were developed, each comprising two experiments conducted with RHD patients, individuals with nonfluent aphasia subsequent to left hemisphere damage (LHD) and non-brain-damaged control participants (NC).The first single-word priming study showed that, for all three subject groups (NC, LHD, RHD), the multiple meanings of homonymous and metonymous words can be triggered and accessed out of context, whereas for metaphorical words, context seems to be necessary in order to access secondary metaphorical meanings. The second sentence priming study showed that the RHD patients' performance contrasts with the performance of the normal control and LHD non-fluent aphasic subjects who showed both effects of context and the time-course of processing, as well as comparable processing across the three types of ambiguous words. For the RHD patients, although homonymous and metonymous words showed relatively normal patterns of activation, the subordinate meanings of metaphors were not activated, suggesting a selective problem with figurative meanings.
Taken together, these findings suggest that the lexical ambiguity processing deficit observed after RH damage is mostly evident when processing subordinate meanings of metaphorically ambiguous words (even in the presence of biasing context), although a lesion in one hemisphere does not completely disrupt the ability of individuals to appreciate the alternative meanings of ambiguous words at the single-word level. The findings were contrary to the strongest expectations of both the "coarse semantic coding" and the "suppression deficit" hypotheses of RH language abilities; however, they seem to be more consistent with a weaker version of the "suppression deficit" hypothesis according to which RH damage leads to deficits in contextual integration and selection of appropriate meanings.
22
Grindrod, Christopher M. "Differential effects of left-and right-hemisphere brain damage on the ability to use context in lexical ambiguity resolution." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84253.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research has argued that the intact functioning of both the left (LH) and right cerebral hemispheres (RE) is integral for comprehending lexically ambiguous words (Chiarello, 1998; Faust & Chiarello, 1998; Faust & Gemsbacher, 1996). While studies of neurologically intact individuals have attributed specific functions to the LH and RH, studies of brain-damaged patients have failed to provide complementary evidence for these hemispheric abilities. In addition, the majority of studies have focused on ambiguity resolution in single-sentence (local) contexts, and, as such, do not address whether each hemisphere is sensitive to different types of context, a factor which could potentially serve to modulate brain-damaged patients' ability to resolve ambiguity. To illuminate the role of the cerebral hemispheres in ambiguity resolution and to explore the sensitivity of each hemisphere to different types of context, three studies were undertaken in this thesis. The first study examined left-hemisphere-damaged (LHD) nonfluent aphasic, right-hemisphere-damaged (RHD) and non-brain-damaged (NBD) control subjects' ability to use a single-sentence local context to resolve lexically ambiguous words. Results indicated that both patient groups were unable to use this type of context. While LHD patients activated both meanings regardless of context at a short (0 ms) ISI and no meanings at a longer (750 ms) ISI, RHD patients only activated more frequent first meanings at both ISIs. The second study explored these same groups' ability to use a two-sentence global context. Results of this experiment in part paralleled those of the previous one, showing that LHD patients were unable to activate any meanings at either ISI, whereas RHD patients, at both ISIs, again activated more frequent meanings regardless of context. The final study investigated these individuals' ability to use a four-sentence discourse context. Findings of this study, across all groups,
23
Rosa, Keli Adriana Vidarenko da. "O impacto da ocorrência de palavras ambíguas em português no processo tradutório para Libras via glosas: em debate a palavra estado." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2390.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Keli Rosa.pdf: 5523223 bytes, checksum: f511a3670568eb57374cd64afcea343f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-03-11The research presented here was focused on reflections and analyses involving the translation of lexical ambiguity between two languages of different modality: we refer to the Portuguese Language and Brazilian Sign Language Libras; more specifically our focus is on the word "state." In such a context, as well as in translations of which take part two oral auditory languages, the translation involving Portuguese and Libras requires the translator a judicious and careful analysis of their lexical choices at the moment often he is translating the source text message to the target text. In this task the t ambiguous lexical items that need to be properly understood in the source language for the translation to happen no meaning problems in the target language. Hence the interest in analyzing the strategies used for the translation of "state" can happen without causing any problems of meaning in the target language. For our analysis, we rely on a corpus consisting of 774 sentences, which were subjected to linguistic analysis and translation into Libras glosses by a professional listener in accordance with Decree 5.626/05. The basis for our discussion is in the main concepts underlying the translation process under the assumptions of authors such as Campos(1986), Quadros (2001, 2004), Oustinoff (2011), Rónai (1976) and Jakobson (1975), and authors who studied lexical ambiguity, as Ullmann (1964), Azeredo (2011) and Silva (2006)
A pesquisa ora apresentada focalizou-se em reflexões e análise envolvendo a tradução da ambiguidade lexical entre duas línguas de modalidade diferentes: referimo-nos à Língua Portuguesa e a Língua Brasileira de Sinais Libras; mais especificamente, trataremos aqui da palavra estado . Em tal contexto, assim como ocorre em traduções das quais tomam parte duas línguas orais auditivas, a tradução envolvendo o Português e a Libras exige do tradutor analisar criteriosa e cuidadosamente as suas escolhas lexicais no momento em que está remontando a mensagem do texto fonte para o texto alvo. Nessa tarefa os itens lexicais ambíguos precisam ser devidamente compreendidos pelo tradutor já na língua fonte para que a tradução possa acontecer sem provocar problemas de sentidos na língua alvo. Daí vem o interesse em analisar as estratégias utilizadas para que a tradução de estado possa acontecer sem provocar problemas de sentidos na língua alvo. Para nossas análises, contamos com um corpus formado por 774 sentenças, que foram submetidas a análises linguísticas e à tradução para glosa Libras por um profissional ouvinte capacitado conforme o Decreto 5.626/05. Como base para discussão, pautamo-nos nos principais conceitos que permeiam a tradução sob os pressupostos de autores como Campos (1986), Quadros (2001, 2004), Oustinoff (2011), Rónai (1976) e Jakobson (1975), e os que tratam da ambiguidade lexical, como Ullmann (1964), Azeredo (2011) e Silva (2006)
24
Fera, Ardian. "Contrasting the Polysemy of Prepositions in English and Albanian." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668783.
Full textAbstract:
The process of learning a foreign language can be exhausting for almost all language learners. In this study, it is
aimed at providing students an accessible way to reducing commitment of errors while speaking or learning English
as a second language (L2) in the most relevant and practical way, too. The Second Language Acquisition is defined
as a subject which is concerned with how a language is learned and has the learner in its focus including the
learner’s developing language. The main issues presented throughout the chapters were concentrated on language
transfer, semantics and ambiguity. Prepositions were the most concerning analytical headline of all chapters
because they are the most vulnerable part of speech students or learners of English (L2) face difficulty with. Many
linguists or scholars have been working on the above scopes in order to clarify and recommend learners of English
that committing errors depends on the amount of language scientific information they might have.La adquisición de un idioma, especialmente el inglés, ha sido una pasión no solo para los estudiantes de diferentes instituciones educativas en Albania sino también para otras personas de diferentes capas sociales. Por supuesto, su adquisición no es fácil debido a los cambios estructurales léxicos y morfológicos y sintácticos que, generalmente, tienen las lenguas. Dadas las dificultades que enfrentan los estudiantes albaneses o incluso otras personas comunes en la sociedad, centré mi tesis doctoral en algunas áreas específicas de la lingüística, lo que sin duda mejorará el nivel de su adquisición, reduciendo, donde sea posible, la cantidad de errores causados por la falta de información lingüística que pueda existir en ambos idiomas Me he centrado en las áreas de interferencia (transferencia de la lengua), semántica, ambigüedad, así como en oraciones con -ing como complementos preposicionales. Cabe señalar que el estudio de la preposición es el foco principal de la tesis doctoral, ya que esta clase lingüística presenta mayores dificultades en los campos antes mencionados, debido a su frecuencia en la oración.
25
Garcia, Elias. "O fenômeno da ambiguidade lexical: uma análise do uso de termos ambíguos e os problemas causados por suas ocorrências em relatórios técnicos das ciências contábeis." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2461.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
elias_garcia.pdf: 1847671 bytes, checksum: 0dadeff62d3206dd60522615d69c1e6a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-12-13The phenomenon of lexical ambiguity vehemently troubles researchers in the area of linguistics, especially in the teaching and learning processes, but not much discussed in the business area. Therefore, this was the focus we chose to study in this thesis. Bring this subject to business. We have noticed that in the accounting activity, the mandatory financial reports issued by professionals carry a high burden of ambiguity, mainly due to polysemy and homonymy. Starting from these findings, the research questions are: i) Is there external interference in the accounting lexicon that defines a terminology of the area? ii) How to reduce the lexical ambiguity present in the accounting reports? In order to answer these questions, we have chosen to study some financial reports that are required by companies, especially public companies, to reflect on the occurrence of the phenomenon of lexical ambiguity in the financial reports of companies. With this objective, we can know the linguistic impacts that this phenomenon can cause in the process of understanding the information disclosed by the accountants in these reports. In order to comply with this objective, we have selected two mandatory reports called "Explanatory Notes to the Financial Statements and Management Report", published by publicly traded companies, Petrobras, Vale, Editora Abril, Bradesco, Banco do Brasil and Embraer (representing all industries, services and commerce). To detect the phenomenon of ambiguity, we studied four terms, CASH, COST, EXPENSE and PROFIT that are frequent in business activity. We use as theoretical support Corpus Linguistics and the Terminology of specialties. The methodology used is based on documentary research with content analysis. After the theoretical discussions on linguistics, corpus linguistics and terminology, we analyzed the existence of ambiguity in the words selected in the reports and explained the possible meanings in each sentence of the selected reports aiming at disambiguation, in order to alleviate the often pernicious effects of the phenomenon for users of the accounting information. As results, we confirm that there is ambiguity in the lexicon of accounting; that there is great external interference of the legislative aspect in the formation of accounting terminology and that much of the accounting information is affected by the phenomenon of ambiguity.
O fenômeno da ambiguidade lexical incomoda veementemente os pesquisadores da área da linguística, principalmente no tocante aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, mas não muito discutido na área de negócios. Logo, esse foi o foco que escolhemos para estudar nessa tese. Buscamos trazer esse assunto para o meio empresarial. Percebemos que na atividade contábil, os relatórios financeiros obrigatórios emitidos pelos profissionais carregam uma alta carga de ambiguidade, principalmente pela polissemia e homonímia. A partir dessas constatações, as perguntas da pesquisa são: (i) Existe interferência externa no léxico da contabilidade que define uma terminologia própria da área? (ii) Como reduzir a ambiguidade lexical presente nos relatórios contábeis? Para responder a essas perguntas, optamos por estudar alguns relatórios financeiros que são de publicação obrigatória pelas empresas, em especial, pelas companhias de capital aberto, com o objetivo de refletir sobre a ocorrência do fenômeno da ambiguidade lexical nos relatórios financeiros das empresas. Com esse objetivo, podemos conhecer os impactos linguísticos que esse fenômeno pode causar no processo de compreensão da informação divulgada pelos contadores nesses relatórios. Para cumprir esse objetivo, selecionamos dois relatórios obrigatórios denominados Notas Explicativas às Demonstrações Financeiras e Relatório da Administração, publicados pelas companhias de capital aberto Petrobras, Vale, Editora Abril, Bradesco, Banco do Brasil e Embraer, que representam todos os ramos de atividade (indústria, serviços e comércio). Para detectar o fenômeno da ambiguidade, estudamos quatro termos, CAIXA, CUSTO, DESPESA e LUCRO os quais são frequentes na atividade empresarial. Utilizamos como suporte teórico a Linguística de Corpus e a Terminologia de especialidades. A metodologia empregada está sustentada na pesquisa documental com a análise de conteúdo. Após as discussões teóricas sobre Linguística, Linguística de Corpus e Terminologia, analisamos a existência da ambiguidade nas palavras selecionadas nos relatórios, e explicamos os significados possíveis em cada frase dos relatórios selecionados, visando à desambiguação, no sentido de minorar os efeitos muitas vezes perniciosos do fenômeno para os usuários da informação contábil. Como resultados, confirmamos que existe ambiguidade no léxico da contabilidade; que existe grande interferência externa do aspecto legislativo na formação da terminologia contábil; e que grande parte da informação contábil é afetada pelo fenômeno da ambiguidade.
26
Specia, Lucia. "Uma abordagem híbrida relacional para a desambiguação lexical de sentido na tradução automática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-05122007-205308/.
Full textAbstract:
A comunicação multilíngue é uma tarefa cada vez mais imperativa no cenário atual de grande disseminação de informações em diversas línguas. Nesse contexto, são de grande relevância os sistemas de tradução automática, que auxiliam tal comunicação, automatizando-a. Apesar de ser uma área de pesquisa bastante antiga, a Tradução Automática ainda apresenta muitos problemas. Um dos principais problemas é a ambigüidade lexical, ou seja, a necessidade de escolha de uma palavra, na língua alvo, para traduzir uma palavra da língua fonte quando há várias opções de tradução. Esse problema se mostra ainda mais complexo quando são identificadas apenas variações de sentido nas opções de tradução. Ele é denominado, nesse caso, \"ambigüidade lexical de sentido\". Várias abordagens têm sido propostas para a desambiguação lexical de sentido, mas elas são, em geral, monolíngues (para o inglês) e independentes de aplicação. Além disso, apresentam limitações no que diz respeito às fontes de conhecimento que podem ser exploradas. Em se tratando da língua portuguesa, em especial, não há pesquisas significativas voltadas para a resolução desse problema. O objetivo deste trabalho é a proposta e desenvolvimento de uma nova abordagem de desambiguação lexical de sentido, voltada especificamente para a tradução automática, que segue uma metodologia híbrida (baseada em conhecimento e em córpus) e utiliza um formalismo relacional para a representação de vários tipos de conhecimentos e de exemplos de desambiguação, por meio da técnica de Programação Lógica Indutiva. Experimentos diversos mostraram que a abordagem proposta supera abordagens alternativas para a desambiguação multilíngue e apresenta desempenho superior ou comparável ao do estado da arte em desambiguação monolíngue. Adicionalmente, tal abordagem se mostrou efetiva como mecanismo auxiliar para a escolha lexical na tradução automática estatísticaCrosslingual communication has become a very imperative task in the current scenario with the increasing amount of information dissemination in several languages. In this context, machine translation systems, which can facilitate such communication by providing automatic translations, are of great importance. Although research in Machine Translation dates back to the 1950\'s, the area still has many problems. One of the main problems is that of lexical ambiguity, that is, the need for lexical choice when translating a source language word that has several translation options in the target language. This problem is even more complex when only sense variations are found in the translation options, a problem named \"sense ambiguity\". Several approaches have been proposed for word sense disambiguation, but they are in general monolingual (for English) and application-independent. Moreover, they have limitations regarding the types of knowledge sources that can be exploited. Particularly, there is no significant research aiming to word sense disambiguation involving Portuguese. The goal of this PhD work is the proposal and development of a novel approach for word sense disambiguation which is specifically designed for machine translation, follows a hybrid methodology (knowledge and corpus-based), and employs a relational formalism to represent various kinds of knowledge sources and disambiguation examples, by using Inductive Logic Programming. Several experiments have shown that the proposed approach overcomes alternative approaches in multilingual disambiguation and achieves higher or comparable results to the state of the art in monolingual disambiguation. Additionally, the approach has shown to effectively assist lexical choice in a statistical machine translation system
27
Djiako, Gabriel Armand [Verfasser], and PD Peter Godglück [Akademischer Betreuer]. "Lexical Ambiguity in Machine Translation and its Impact on the Evaluation of Output by Users / Gabriel Armand Djiako ; Betreuer: PD Peter Godglück." Saarbrücken : universaar, Universitätsverlag des Saarlandes, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199006874/34.
Full text
28
Martins, Tânia Aparecida. "Um estudo descritivo sobre as manifestações da ambiguidade lexical em Libras." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2344.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Tania.pdf: 6315449 bytes, checksum: 8cc5718ad6a417f2209d5f03f5a450ec (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-03-01This essay has the aim to fulfill a descriptive study regarding the lexical ambiguity of the Brazilian Sign Language Libras through the investigation of the specialty literature, culminating with the construction of a data with ambiguous lexical items containing, respectively in two dictionaries considered bilingual: The dictionary of the Brazilian Sign Language/Libras version 2.0, 2008 (digital) and the The New Deit-Libras Trilingual Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary (2012). To the general studies about this subject, it was regarded the basis of the structuralist semantics founded in researches of investigators, some of them were: Ullmann (1964), Saussure (1987), Câmara Jr (1970) and Silva (2006). Based also in Emmorey (2002), Johnston & Schembri (2007), Ferreira Brito (1995) and Quadros & Karnopp (2004), the criteria that would found the setting of data was established so that the records and analysis were made. This study was conducted by a collection of questions that include our concern to know how the lexical ambiguity that is shown in Libras; how the users of this language deal with this kind of situation, which effects this phenomenon causes in the comprehension of the deaf and yet what competences and abilities the deaf develop or need to develop to clarify mostly the sings that are lexically ambiguous. In the bias of the specialized literature regarding the studies of the meanings and the significations of the words, it´s assumed that the lexical ambiguity is caused when a sign/word has two or more meanings/significations, when comparing the contexts. Through the general distinction between polysemy and homonymy, it was concluded that in Libras, differently from the Portuguese Language, the lexical ambiguity can be shown in three different forms: (i) through the homonymy; (ii) through the polysemy; and through the world knowledge and determining evocative (religious, cultural, social and others). This way, homonymy is considered the situation in which the meanings of the same word don´t show any semantic relation and polysemy when the meanings/significations admitted by a word/sing meet the points of a semantic contact. The representative meaning of FRIDAY and FISH, for instance, although semantically not related, are part of a meaningful group of others signs that the same effect occurs. We call them evocative traces (traces determined by relations either religious or cultural or others), we couldn t classify them as cases of homonymy, neither polysemy. Thus, we created a third kind of ambiguity. When the phenomenon of the lexical ambiguity is analyzed, in general, some authors will say that, in fact, the marks of the available resources of the language (the marks, such as, the references of the enunciatively space, the alteration of the movement of the hands or the other expressions), they would be enough to differ them. Anyway, many cases and analyzed this study, it could be observed that, even being useful, they are not able to solve or clarify all the ambiguous items.
Esta dissertação objetiva realizar um estudo descritivo acerca da ambiguidade lexical na Língua Brasileira de Sinais Libras por meio de investigações na literatura especializada, culminando com a construção de um corpus com itens lexicais ambíguos lematizados, respectivamente em dois dicionários bilíngues: O dicionário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais/LIBRAS versão 2.0, 2008 (digital) e o Dicionário Enciclopédico Ilustrado Trilíngue Novo Deit-Libras (2012). Para os estudos gerais sobre o assunto, tomamos como base a semântica lexical estruturalista baseada em trabalhos de pesquisadores, dentre outros, Ullmann (1964), Saussure (1987), Câmara Jr (2002) e Silva (2006). Apoiando-nos também em Emmorey (2002), Johnston & Schembri (2007), Ferreira Brito (1995) e Quadros e Karnopp (2004), traçamos critérios que subsidiaram os levantamentos dos dados para os registros e análises. Este estudo foi conduzido por um conjunto de questões das quais incluem nossa preocupação em saber como a ambiguidade lexical se manifesta na Libras; como os utentes dessa língua lidam com esse tipo de situação; quais efeitos esse tipo de fenômeno acarreta na compreensão do surdo e ainda que competências e habilidades os surdos desenvolvem ou precisam desenvolver para clarificar ao máximo os signos ambíguos. À luz da literatura especializada com estudos sobre significados e sentidos de palavras, assumimos que a ambiguidade lexical é ocasionada quando um signo/palavra sustenta dois ou mais significados/sentidos, quando expostos ao contexto. A partir do critério geral de distinção entre polissemia e homonímia, observamos que em Libras, diferentemente da Língua Portuguesa, a ambiguidade lexical pode se manifestar de três formas distintas: (i) pela homonímia; (ii) pela polissemia; e (iii) pelo conhecimento de mundo e determinantes evocativos (religiosos, culturais e outros). Consideramos homonímia a situação em que os significados de uma mesma palavra não mantêm entre si qualquer tipo de relacionamento semântico e polissemia quando os significados/sentidos admitidos pela palavra/signo encontram pontos de contato semânticos. O signo representivo para SEXTA-FEIRA e PEIXE, a título de exemplo, embora semanticamente não relacionados entre si, faz parte de um conjunto significativo de outros signos em que o mesmo acontece. Por estarem relacionados de algum modo, chamamos de traços evocativos, não podendo classificá-los como casos de homonímia e tampouco, polissemia. Desse modo, criamos um terceiro tipo de ambiguidade. Quando se estuda ambiguidade lexical, em geral, alguns autores preconizam que, de fato, ela não existiria, tendo em vista os recursos disponíveis na língua, os marcadores, tais como: referentes no espaço enunciativo, expressões não manuais e outros, seriam suficientes para desambiguá-los. Todavia, para muitos casos apresentados e analisados ao longo do trabalho, observamos que, embora útil, eles não são capazes de resolver ou clarificar todos os itens ambíguos.
29
Federer, Meghan Rector. "Investigating Assessment Bias for Constructed Response Explanation Tasks: Implications for Evaluating Performance Expectations for Scientific Practice." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374058610.
Full text
30
Dias, Márcio de Souza. "Análise de nomes da química Orgânica à luz da teoria do Léxico Gerativo - da análise sintático-semântica à geração das estruturas químicas através dos combinadores de Parser." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2006. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12559.
Full textAbstract:
This work proposes an automatic system of analysis for Organic Chemistry compound names aiming to generate pictures of chemical structures. In order to accomplish this, the system receives an organic compound name, analyzes it syntactically and semantically and, if it represents a correct chemical compound, generates a visual output for the corresponding structure. An advance that the system shows in relation to other systems which deal with the same problem consists on being able to analyse both compound names that satisfy the current o±cial nomenclature constraints and those that, despite of do not respect them, represent correct organic compounds (in this case, the system will have solved a nomenclature ambiguity problem). The semantic and syntactic analysis are guided by the name component types of the chemical compounds, which motivated an implementation that fits into the Generative Lexicon Theory (GLT) formalism. Furthermore, the analysis guided by types justified the decision of implementing the system by
using the parser combinators and the Clean Funcional Language as very adequate and eficient tools. The implemented system represents a significative utilitarian as an automatic Organic Chemistry instructor.O presente trabalho propõe um sistema automático de análise de nomes de compostos da Química Orgânica visando a geração do desenho de suas estruturas químicas. Para tanto, o sistema recebe um nome de um composto orgânico, analisa-o sintática e semanticamente e, caso ele represente um composto quimicamente correto, gera uma saída visual para a estrutura química que lhe corresponda. Um avanço que o sistema apresenta com relação a outros que se propõem a efetuar tarefa semelhante e o fato de ele conseguir analisar tanto nomes de compostos que se enquadram nos padrões das nomenclaturas oficiais vigentes, quanto aqueles que, apesar de não se enquadrarem nos mesmos, representam compostos orgânicos verdadeiros (quando ocorrer tal situação, o sistema teria resolvido um problema de ambigüidade de nomenclatura). As análises sintática e semântica são guiadas pelos tipos dos componentes dos nomes químicos, fato que motivou a implementação do sistema nos moldes do formalismo da Teoria do Léxico Gerativo (TLG). Além disso, as análises guiadas pelo tipo motivaram a escolha dos combinadores de Parser e da Linguagem de Programação Funcional Clean como utilitários eficazes e adequados na execução das análises lingüísticas. O sistema implementado representa uma ferramenta muito útil como instrutor automático de Química Orgânica.
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
31
Dariz, Marion Rodrigues. "Vídeo educativo-interativo:uma intervenção à luz da teoria histórico-cultural para promover a aprendizagem da ambiguidade lexical." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1633.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Marion Rodrigues Dariz_Dissertacao.pdf: 1113434 bytes, checksum: 2e39effb0b9d57b5f45dc5d939b720d6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-04-11This research is in a pedagogical intervention, whose aim was to plan an educational video-interactive, implement it and evaluate the impacts of its use for learning a content Portuguese Language (instance of lexical ambiguity), in a class of 8th grade Elementary School to a public school in Pelotas. The video was developed in light of the Cultural-Historical Theory of Vygotsky. The evaluation of the intervention was through a qualitative procedure. Data for the evaluation were collected through the following instruments: observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the procedures of Discourse Textual Analysis (MORAES, 2003): a mix of content analysis and discourse analysis. The research findings suggest that the pedagogical intervention tool, for being attractive, with the use of sound, images and interaction, it was a mediator instrument able to provide the internalization of the content, contributing to the awareness of the concept worked, favoring teaching-learning and generating mental development. It is intended, therefore disclose this study so that other professionals can make use of this technological tool in their classrooms contributing to learning.
Esta pesquisa constitui-se em uma intervenção pedagógica, cujo objetivo foi planejar um vídeo educativo-interativo, implementá-lo e avaliar os impactos de sua utilização para a aprendizagem de um conteúdo de Língua Portuguesa (ambiguidade lexical), em uma turma de 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública de Pelotas. O vídeo foi elaborado à luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky. A avaliação da intervenção foi por meio de um procedimento qualitativo. Os dados para a avalição foram coletados por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: observação, análise de documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas e foram analisados por meio dos procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva (MORAES, 2003): um misto de análise de conteúdo e análise de discurso. Os achados da pesquisa da intervenção pedagógica sugerem que a ferramenta, por ser atrativa, com o uso de som, imagens e interação, foi um instrumento mediador capaz de propiciar a internalização do conteúdo, contribuindo para a tomada de consciência do conceito trabalhado, favorecendo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e gerando o desenvolvimento mental. Pretende-se, assim, divulgar este estudo para que outros profissionais possam fazer uso desta ferramenta tecnológica em suas salas de aula contribuindo para a aprendizagem.
32
Zouave, Sonia. "Manipulation in Newspaper Articles : A Political Discourse Analysis of Lexical Choice and Manipulation in Japanese Newspaper Crisis Reporting in the case of North Korea." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-14605.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes some forms of linguistic manipulation in Japanese in newspapers when reporting on North Korea and its nuclear tests. The focus lies on lexical ambiguity in headlines and journalist’s voices in the body of the articles, that results in manipulation of the minds of the readers. The study is based on a corpus of nine articles from two of Japan’s largest newspapers Yomiuri Online and Asahi Shimbun Digital. The linguistic phenomenon that contribute to create manipulation are divided into Short Term Memory impact or Long Term Memory impact and examples will be discussed under each of the categories.The main results of the study are that headlines in Japanese newspapers do not make use of an ambiguous, double grounded structure. However, the articles are filled with explicit and implied attitudes as well as attributed material from people of a high social status, which suggests that manipulation of the long term memory is a tool used in Japanese media.この論文は日本語の新聞中の北朝鮮と核実験に関する報告記事の曖昧さと操作的な態度についてである。この研究は特に北朝鮮について新聞の記事中の計画的で無意識に言語的な操作態度についてである。記事の見出しと読者の心意を関わる曖昧さについてである。全部の記事は読売新聞と朝日新聞に取ったが、全部の中に、多大態度がある。調査は日本の最大の新聞読売オンラインと朝日新聞デジタルの九の記事のコーパスに基づいてである。研究の主な結果は、日本の新聞の見出しがあいまいな構造を利用していないことだが、記事は明示的な態度だけでなく、多大な引用文で満たされている
33
Romaniuc-Boularand, Bianca. "La traduction du « Voyage au bout de la nuit » de Céline en roumain : questions de rythme et de poétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0011.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude envisage la traduction du Voyage au bout de la nuit de Céline en roumain sous l'angle de la transmission d'une poétique qui se construit sur des valeurs rythmiques. La thèse, qui prend comme fil conducteur la métaphore du jazz,se concentre sur les aspects lexicaux du rythme. Dans la première partie, l'effet dev ariation, source de rythme jazzé, est étudié à travers l'analyse de la traduction du pronom on. L'examen de la variation prend également comme champ d'application l'usage particulier de la variation graphique. Autour de la variation minuscule / majuscule, Céline organise d'autres variations fonctionnelles et textuelles : la variation mention / usage, la variation métaphore / allégorie, la variation polyphonique des points de vue énonciatifs. La deuxième partie, placée sous le signe de l'improvisation, souligne le rôle du néologisme dans la création de ce rythme textuel. Nous étudions le traitement, dans la traduction, des inventions formelles, tout comme la réponse donnée à un certain type d'ambiguïté, que Céline crée en mettant en valeur le sens étymologique des mots. La troisième partie identifie des principes qui caractérisent le fonctionnement poétique du texte, en les signalant comme des défis pour la traduction : la récurrence lexicale, le foisonnement sémantique, l'effet de littéralité des tours figés, la remotivation des rapports arbitraires entre les signifiants. La thèse aborde le sujet dans une perspective précise, analytique, qui se situe au plus près du texteThis study examines the technical and poetic aspects of the translation of Célines Voyage au bout de la nuit, through comparative analysis of its Rumanian versions.The notion of rhythm provides the studys anchoring principle. Here the rhythm ofCélines prose is apprehended in its lexical dimension, with particular attention to a 5guiding theme, namely that of jazz music. In the first part, the jazz theme isfore-grounded through an examination of Célines orthographic variations andspecifically to his idiosyncratic use of small and capital letters. It also brings to bearthe varied effect of the use of the pronoun on. The second part of the thesis isdevoted to the topic of improvisation. It presents an analysis of ways in which formal,functional and semantic neologisms are rendered in Rumanian translations. Finally,the third part seks to identify several governing principles of a poetic dimension inCélines novel, which often pose a challenge to translators, such as lexicalrecurrence, semantic profusion, literal usage and the arbitrary relation of signifiers.This thesis proposes an analytical contribution to scholarschip on Céline through aclose, « practico-theoretical reading of the text
34
Thérouanne, Pierre. "Effet du contexte lexical sur l'accès à la signification des homographes polarisés." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010189.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer la façon dont sont représentés les homographes en mémoire. Différentes hypothèses ont été envisagées dans une perspective symbolique des représentations. Deux critères permettent de distinguer ces hypothèses. Le premier oppose la conception selon laquelle chacune des acceptions d'un homographe possède sa propre entrée lexicale à la conception selon laquelle une entrée lexicale unique est associée aux acceptions. Le second critère correspond à la présence ou l'absence d'une compétition entre les représentations relatives aux différentes acceptions. Cinq expériences de décision lexicale ont été réalisées afin d'identifier l'effet d'un contexte formé d'un mot sur l'accès à la signification des homographes polarisés. Chaque essai était constitué par la présentation successive d'un mot contexte, d'un homographe et d'un mot cible. Le mot contexte favorise l'accès à l'acception de l'homographe à laquelle il est relié. De plus, aucun effet d'inhibition relative n'est obtenu lorsque le mot formant le contexte et le mot cible sont reliés à deux acceptions différentes. Les résultats mettent également en évidence l'activation des deux acceptions des homographes quel que soit le contexte. Deux autres expériences ont étudié l'effet du contexte lexical sur le temps d'identification des homographes. Ce temps d'identification est plus court que celui des mots non ambigus et n'est pas ralenti lorsque le contexte est relié à l'acception secondaire. L'ensemble de ces résultats est compatible avec l'hypothèse supposant une entrée lexicale commune et l'absence de compétition entre les différentes acceptions d'un homographe.
35
Whitman, Philip Neal. "Category neutrality : a type-logical investigation /." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1023679306.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 320 p., also contains graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: David R. Dowty, Dept. of Linguistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-320).
36
Audibert, Laurent. "Outil d'exploration de corpus et désambiguïté lexicale automatique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004475.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse adresse le problème de la désambigui͏̈sation lexicale automatique à l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage supervisé. Dans une première partie, nous proposons un ensemble de puissants outils de manipulation de corpus linguistiques étiquetés. Pour réaliser ces outils, nous avons développé une bibliothèque C++ qui implémente un langage élaboré et expressif d'interrogation de corpus, basé sur des méta-expressions régulières. Dans une seconde partie, nous comparons divers algorithmes d'apprentissage supervisé, que nous utilisons ensuite pour mener à bien une étude systématique et approfondie de différents critères de désambigui͏̈sation, basés sur la cooccurrence de mots et plus généralement de n-grammes. Nos résultats vont parfois à l'encontre de certaines pratiques dans le domaine. Par exemple, nous montrons que la suppression des mots grammaticaux dégrade les performances et que les bigrammes permettent d'obtenir de meilleurs résultats que les unigrammes.
37
Martinez, Jorge Matadamas. "AXEL : a framework to deal with ambiguity in three-noun compounds." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4774.
Full textAbstract:
Cognitive Linguistics has been widely used to deal with the ambiguity generated by words in combination. Although this domain offers many solutions to address this challenge, not all of them can be implemented in a computational environment. The Dynamic Construal of Meaning framework is argued to have this ability because it describes an intrinsic degree of association of meanings, which in turn, can be translated into computational programs. A limitation towards a computational approach, however, has been the lack of syntactic parameters. This research argues that this limitation could be overcome with the aid of the Generative Lexicon Theory (GLT). Specifically, this dissertation formulated possible means to marry the GLT and Cognitive Linguistics in a novel rapprochement between the two. This bond between opposing theories provided the means to design a computational template (the AXEL System) by realising syntax and semantics at software levels. An instance of the AXEL system was created using a Design Research approach. Planned iterations were involved in the development to improve artefact performance. Such iterations boosted performance-improving, which accounted for the degree of association of meanings in three-noun compounds. This dissertation delivered three major contributions on the brink of a so-called turning point in Computational Linguistics (CL). First, the AXEL system was used to disclose hidden lexical patterns on ambiguity. These patterns are difficult, if not impossible, to be identified without automatic techniques. This research claimed that these patterns can assist audiences of linguists to review lexical knowledge on a software-based viewpoint. Following linguistic awareness, the second result advocated for the adoption of improved resources by decreasing electronic space of Sense Enumerative Lexicons (SELs). The AXEL system deployed the generation of “at the moment of use” interpretations, optimising the way the space is needed for lexical storage. Finally, this research introduced a subsystem of metrics to characterise an ambiguous degree of association of three-noun compounds enabling ranking methods. Weighing methods delivered mechanisms of classification of meanings towards Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Overall these results attempted to tackle difficulties in understanding studies of Lexical Semantics via software tools.
38
Dobrin, Silvia. "Fonctionnement de la néologie dans la presse politique satirique : approche lexicale et discursive dans une perspective comparative : le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20094.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreux travaux ont décrit et analysé le phénomène néologique, ses domaines d’adoption et ses occurrences dans le discours. La néologie satirique, est, elle, relativement peu explorée. À travers un corpus constitué d’écrits de presse humoristiques portant sur la vie politique française et allemande et provenant des journaux satiriques Le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel, l’étude dégage dans un premier temps les procédés morphologiques de l’innovation lexicale : la dérivation, la composition, les mots-valises, l’abréviation, la conversion, l’emprunt. Le travail explore ensuite les stratégies qui caractérisent cette pratique de la néologie satirique, ainsi que ses divers effets sémantiques et pragmatiques recherchés dans les créations lexicales. Cela nous a permis de faire une analyse contrastive entre textes satiriques français et allemands par les diverses manifestations dicursives des néologismesMany studies have been made of the neologistic phenomenon, both in terms of the contexts in which it is used and of how it integrates into discourse. The satirical neology is less well documented. By using a corpus made up of press cartoons in the political French and German satirical magazines Le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel, the study first posits the morphological devices of the lexical innovation : derivation, composition, portmanteau-words, abbreviation, conversion, loan. This work then explores the strategies which characterise the use of the satirical neology as well as the semantic and pragmatic effects aimed in the lexical creations. This allowed us to make a contrastive analysis between satirical French and German texts by the various discursive uses of neologisms
39
Mani, Nivedita. "Prosody, syntax and the lexicon in parsing ambiguous sentences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb0da21f-d381-4a5c-95c2-7ddae2cd1c30.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis tests the early incorporation of prosodic information during on-line processing of ambiguous word pairs such as Packing cases. The word pair is syntactically ambiguous between a noun or verb phrase interpretation. However, the two interpretations are prosodically distinct. An on-line, cross-modal, response-time task found that subjects disambiguated the word pairs using prosodic information. Experiment 2 swapped the timing,fo and amplitude of the noun phrase versions with the verb phrase versions. If prosodic information were guiding parsing, swapping the prosody of the alternatives should change subjects' parses of the word-pairs. Subjects interpreted the cross-synthesised noun phrases as verb phrases and the crosssynthesised verb phrases as noun phrases. This provides additional evidence in favour of early prosodic processing. Experiment 3 tested whether subjects' ability to differentiate the two forms would be affected by flattening the fo of the word pairs. Subjects' ability to disambiguate the word pairs was reduced by flattening the fo of the stimuli. Again, this provides evidence in favour of fo guiding parsing. Experiment 4 investigated the perceptual salience of prosodic information in the absence of lexical information, by testing parsing of delexicalised versions of the same wordpairs. Subjects continued to disambiguate the stimuli. This indicates that prosody can guide parsing even without lexical information. The results of the four experiments provide strong evidence in favour of the early incorporation of prosodic information in parsing: prosodic information can influence on-line parsing even in the presence of contradictory syntactic and spectral preferences; and in the absence of lexical information. This thesis concludes that the results of the experiments support strong interaction models of processing.
40
Sandford, Eugène. "Augmentation lexicale sémantique et désambigui͏̈sation lexicale sémantique : application à la traduction du français vers le tahitien." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20265.
Full textAbstract:
Dans la perspective de la realisation d'un systeme de traduction automatique du francais vers le tahitien, nous utilisons une methode de deuxieme generation : celle des transferts. Dans cette approche, nous nous sommes concentres sur l'analyse semantique du francais et sur la generation syntaxique du tahitien. L'apport de notre analyse semantique reside dans l'integration des criteres semantiques des mots - recueillis par une methode vectorielle - a une structure morpho-syntaxique construite par une methode symbolique. La demarche retenue represente les sens des mots dans un espace vectoriel de notions issues d'un thesaurus d'idees. Les vecteurs obtenus sont ensuite integres dans la structure syntaxique au niveau des unites lexicales par un lexique semantique. Enfin, les syntagmes, les phrases et les textes s'enrichissent des notions des mots par une suite d'operations effectuees sur la structure syntaxique. La desambiguisation lexicale semantique intervient par une distance calculee entre les sens et les contextes notionnels - phrases ou textes. Dans la phase intermediaire situee entre l'analyse semantique et la generation syntaxique, nous avons etudie les transferts lexical et structurel ainsi que la structure intermediaire. L'originalite dans la generation syntaxique repose sur la prise en compte de phenomenes contrastifs : des exemples viennent illustrer la maniere dont nous les avons traites. La conception de la generation est generique et derive de la grammaire de l'academie tahitienne. Soulignons que pour le tahitien, il s'agit d'un travail original. C'est en effet la premiere fois qu'une telle informatisation est entreprise. L'implementation de ces deux parties est faite en utilisant le systeme sygmart, un systeme de programmation de grammaires structurelles.
41
Dommes, Aurélie. "La compréhension d'ambiguïtés lexicales présentées dans différents contextes phrastiques et discursifs chez des adultes jeunes et âgés : effets des contraintes contextuelles introduites et de la familiarité des sens des mots ambigus." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100096.
Full textAbstract:
Nos recherches étudient la compréhension de phrases et d'énoncés contenant des ambiguïtés lexicales chez des adultes jeunes et âgés en fonction des contraintes sémantiques exercées par le contexte et de la familiarité des sens des mots ambigus dans les deux groupes d'âge. Les résultats indiquent que les adultes âgés ont tendance à s'appuyer plus que les adultes jeunes sur les contraintes contextuelles pour accéder au sens approprié du mot ambigu. Dans les deux groupes, le sens dominant du mot ambigu paraît disponible dès le début du traitement, indépendamment des contraintes contextuelles. Chez les adultes jeunes, l'accessibilité du sens dominant diminue dans le temps lorsque cette signification se révèle incompatible avec le contexte, ce que nous attribuons à l'intervention de mécanismes inhibiteurs. En revanche, il semble que l'efficacité des mécanismes de suppression s'affaiblit avec l'âge, et ce d'autant plus que le sens à inhiber représente l'acception dominante du mot ambiguOur researches studied the comprehension of sentences and utterances containing lexical ambiguities by younger and older adults according to the constraints involved by context and the familiarity of the meanings of the ambiguous words in the two age groups. The results indicated that older adults tend to rely more than the younger ones on the contextual constraints to access the appropriate meaning of the ambiguous word. In both groups, the dominant meaning of the ambiguous word seemed to be available at an early processing stage, independently of the contextual constraints. In the younger group, the dominant meaning activation appeared to decrease with time when this sense revealed to be incompatible with context. That decrease was attributed to the efficiency of the inhibitory mechanisms. However, the temporal pattern observed in the older group seemed to indicate that the suppression mechanisms are altered, especially when the meaning to be inhibited is the dominant sense
42
Surcin, Sylvain. "Expression langagière ambigue͏̈ et modélisation cognitive symbolique." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081587.
Full textAbstract:
Notre but est la mise au point d'un systeme de traitement automatique des ambiguites lexicales engendrees par les formes de polysemie complexes. L'objectif majeur est la robustesse : le systeme doit fournir des interpretations de mots ambigus en contexte ouvert, meme lorsque l'information contextuelle est degradee. A partir des questions <
43
Hadj, salah Marwa. "Désambiguïsation lexicale de l'arabe pour et par la traduction automatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM089/document.
Full textAbstract:
Nous abordons dans cette thèse une étude sur la tâche de la désambiguïsation lexicale qui est une tâche centrale pour le traitement automatique des langues, et qui peut améliorer plusieurs applications telles que la traduction automatique ou l'extraction d'informations. Les recherches en désambiguïsation lexicale concernent principalement l'anglais, car la majorité des autres langues manque d'une référence lexicale standard pour l'annotation des corpus, et manque aussi de corpus annotés en sens pour l'évaluation, et plus important pour la construction des systèmes de désambiguïsation lexicale. En anglais, la base de données lexicale wordnet est une norme de-facto de longue date utilisée dans la plupart des corpus annotés et dans la plupart des campagnes d'évaluation.Notre contribution porte sur plusieurs axes: dans un premier temps, nous présentons une méthode pour la création automatique de corpus annotés en sens pour n'importe quelle langue, en tirant parti de la grande quantité de corpus anglais annotés en sens wordnet, et en utilisant un système de traduction automatique. Cette méthode est appliquée sur la langue arabe et est évaluée sur le seul corpus arabe, qui à notre connaissance, soit annoté manuellement en sens wordnet: l'OntoNotes 5.0 arabe que nous avons enrichi semi-automatiquement. Son évaluation est réalisée grâce à la mise en œuvre de deux systèmes supervisés (SVM, LSTM) qui sont entraînés sur les corpus produits avec notre méthode.Grâce ce travail, nous proposons ainsi une base de référence solide pour l'évaluation des futurs systèmes de désambiguïsation lexicale de l’arabe, en plus des corpus arabes annotés en sens que nous fournissons en tant que ressource librement disponible.Dans un second temps, nous proposons une évaluation in vivo de notre système de désambiguïsation de l’arabe en mesurant sa contribution à la performance de la tâche de traduction automatiqueThis thesis concerns a study of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), which is a central task in natural language processing and that can improve applications such as machine translation or information extraction. Researches in word sense disambiguation predominantly concern the English language, because the majority of other languages lacks a standard lexical reference for the annotation of corpora, and also lacks sense annotated corpora for the evaluation, and more importantly for the construction of word sense disambiguation systems. In English, the lexical database wordnet is a long-standing de-facto standard used in most sense annotated corpora and in most WSD evaluation campaigns.Our contribution to this thesis focuses on several areas:first of all, we present a method for the automatic creation of sense annotated corpora for any language, by taking advantage of the large amount of wordnet sense annotated English corpora, and by using a machine translation system. This method is applied on Arabic and is evaluated, to our knowledge, on the only Arabic manually sense annotated corpus with wordnet: the Arabic OntoNotes 5.0, which we have semi-automatically enriched.Its evaluation is performed thanks to an implementation of two supervised word sense disambiguation systems that are trained on the corpora produced using our method. We hence propose a solid baseline for the evaluation of future Arabic word sense disambiguation systems, in addition to sense annotated Arabic corpora that we provide as a freely available resource.Secondly, we propose an in vivo evaluation of our Arabic word sense disambiguation system by measuring its contribution to the performance of the machine translation task
44
Sancassani, Maísa 1988. "O papel de propriedades lexicais e contextos referenciais no processamento de ambiguidades sintáticas por crianças e adultos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/271187.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Ruth Elisabeth Vasconcellos LopesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sancassani_Maisa_M.pdf: 3562931 bytes, checksum: ac041df9cb5848219cb23f520dccff1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A literatura (Tanenhaus et al., 1995) aponta que adultos, quando apresentados a contextos referenciais tendenciosos, utilizam informações extralinguísticas para processar ambiguidades sintáticas, demonstrando sensibilidade ao Princípio do Suporte Referencial (Altmann & Steedman, 1985). Quando crianças são submetidas a teste semelhante (Trueswell et al., 1999), elas baseiam suas decisões de processamento em princípios estruturais ou em propriedades lexicais e desconsideram informações de ordem referencial. Neste trabalho, testamos o efeito do contexto visual e do viés lexical durante o processamento de ambiguidades. 36 crianças e 31 adultos foram solicitados a manipular brinquedos em resposta a instruções verbais ambíguas como "limpe a zebra com o pincel", em que o sintagma preposicionado pode ser interpretado como instrumento da ação (adjunção-VP) ou modificador do objeto (adjunção-NP). Empregamos a técnica do paradigma do mundo visual em que gestos e olhares dos participantes são monitorados para observação do processamento on-line e off-line. Nossos resultados demonstram que informações globais de alto nível (contexto referencial) influenciam o processamento em tempo real de adultos e crianças igualmente, enquanto informações locais de baixo nível (viés lexical) exercem influência apenas com estímulos tendenciosos. Na presença de propriedades lexicais neutras, adultos executam ações correspondentes a estruturas de adjunto adnominal nos contextos referencias competitivos e crianças optam pela interpretação de adjunto adverbial em todos os casos. Consideramos que a neutralidade lexical permite a manifestação do Princípio do Suporte Referencial em adultos e, para crianças, manifesta-se um efeito (ainda a ser definido) em que estruturas de adjunto adverbial são preferidas. Esses achados se alinham a teorias lexicalistas, como a de Satisfação de Condições, em que múltiplas informações competem para a geração de uma única estrutura e preveem que, no curso do desenvolvimento linguístico, informações estruturais emergem mais cedo e de forma mais robusta do que outras menos confiáveis como as discursivo-pragmáticas
Abstract: Tanenhaus et al. (1995), among many others, point out that adults, when presented to biased visual contexts, use extralinguistics information in order to process syntactic ambiguities, showing that they are sensitive to the Principle of Referential Support (Altmann & Steedman, 1985). When five-year-old children undergo similar tests (Trueswell et al., 1999), however, they rely on syntactically based parsing principles or on the lexical properties of the input and ignore referential information. Here, we tested the effect of visual context and lexical bias during the processing of ambiguities. 36 children and 31 adults were asked to manipulate toys in response to globally ambiguous verbal instructions like "clean the zebra with the brush", in which the prepositional phrase can be interpreted as an instrument of the action (VP-attachment) or modifier of the object (NP-attachment). We used the technique of the Visual World Paradigm in which eye-gazes and gestures are monitored in order to obtain measures of the final processing of the sentences and measures of the real-time processing. High-level global cues (reference bias) influence real-time processing equally in adults and children, while low-level local cues (lexical bias) interfere with biased stimuli. In the presence of neutral lexical properties, adults perform actions that correspond to NP-attachment only in competitive referential contexts and children prefer VP-attachment interpretation in all cases. We concluded that the lexical neutrality allows for the manifestation of the Principle of Referential Support in adults; children, on the other hand, manifest a certain effect (still to be defined) in which VP-attachment structures are preferred. These findings align with the lexicalist theories such as the constraint-satisfaction, in which multiple information compete for generating a single interpretation. This theory predicts that during the development of the parser, structural information such as verbs bias emerge earlier and more robustly than less reliable ones such as the discourse-pragmatic cues
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestra em Linguística
45
Apidianaki, Marianna. "Acquisition automatique de sens pour la désambiguïsation et la sélection lexicale en traduction." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322285.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse explore la question de l'acquisition automatique de sens pour la désambiguïsation lexicale dans un cadre de traduction. Partant de l'hypothèse du besoin de conformité des inventaires sémantiques utilisés pour la désambiguïsation dans le cadre d'applications précises, la problématique du repérage des sens se situe dans un cadre bilingue et le traitement s'oriente vers la traduction. Nous proposons une méthode d'acquisition de sens permettant d'établir des correspondances sémantiques de granularité variable entre les mots de deux langues en relation de traduction. L'induction de sens est effectuée par une combinaison d'informations distributionnelles et traductionnelles extraites d'un corpus bilingue parallèle. La méthode proposée étant à la fois non supervisée et entièrement fondée sur des données, elle est, par conséquent, indépendante de la langue et permet l'élaboration d'inventaires sémantiques relatifs aux domaines représentés dans les corpus traités.
Les résultats de cette méthode sont exploités par une méthode de désambiguïsation lexicale, qui attribue un sens à de nouvelles instances de mots ambigus en contexte, et par une méthode de sélection lexicale, qui propose leur traduction la plus adéquate. On propose finalement une évaluation pondérée des résultats de désambiguïsation et de sélection lexicale, en nous fondant sur l'inventaire construit par la méthode d'acquisition de sens.
46
Baltazart, Didier. "Contribution au traitement des ambigüités anaphoriques et polysémiques." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD583.
Full textAbstract:
L'augmentation des difficultés induites la polysémie et les anaphores traduit une sorte de crise de croissance que tous les systèmes dédiés au traitement des langues naturelles sont amenés à rencontrer au cours de leur évolution. La polysémie et les ambiguités lexicales en général deviennent d'autant plus sensibles que la couverture lexicale d'un système s'étend. Les anaphores sont d'autant plus nombreuses et complexes que les énoncés à traiter deviennent plus longs (plusieurs phrases). Le travail que nous présentons ici concerne la prise en charge de ces phénomènes dans le cadre de la plate-forme DOCAL (Développement d'Outils pour la Compréhension Automatique du Langage) développée par notre équipe LCS (Langage, Compréhension et Synthèse) de l'UTC (Université de Technologie de Compiègne) au sein de l'URA CNRS 817 - Heudiasyc. En nous appuyant sur une étude extrêmement détaillée qui nous a obligés à poursuivre très loin nos investigations dans le domaine de la linguistique et de la psychologie, nous avons voulu montrer que ces deux phénomènes qui sont fondamentalement différents, pouvaient être abordés avec des outils similaires sinon identiques. Bien entendu, cette approche présente de nombreuses limites et ne peut être utilisée que dans un cadre d'un système très ouvert et pour des cas simples ou moyennement complexes.
47
Roux, Paul. "Traitement implicite de la prosodie émotionnelle et linguistique dans la schizophrénie : lien avec la reconnaissance des affects, l'anhédonie et la désorganisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426882.
Full textAbstract:
Les patients schizophrènes présentent des déficits en reconnaissance des émotions vocales qui ont de graves conséquences sur leur fonctionnement social. Ces déficits ont été jusqu'à présent mis en évidence à l'aide de paradigmes explicites : la perception implicite de la prosodie émotionnelle reste à être explorée dans cette pathologie. Nous avons recruté 20 patients schizophrènes et 21 sujets contrôles appariés sur l'âge et le sexe. Nous avons d'abord démontré dans notre groupe de patients un déficit en reconnaissance explicite de prosodie émotionnelle. Nous avons ensuite utilisé un paradigme de Stroop émotionnel vocal (conflit entre l'émotion du sens du mot et de la voix avec lequel il est prononcé) permettant d'évaluer l'influence implicite de la prosodie émotionnelle sur le jugement émotionnel sémantique. Nous avons démontré un effet de Stroop émotionnel vocal plus important en taux d'erreur chez les patients que chez les témoins traduisant un déficit de résolution des conflits émotionnels vocaux. Chez les patients, l'effet de Stroop émotionnel vocal en temps de réaction est positivement corrélé à l'anhédonie sociale, validant ainsi l'hypothèse originale d'une hypersensibilité aux émotions vocales dans l'anhédonie schizophrénique. Nous avons également exploré le traitement implicite de la prosodie linguistique chez les mêmes participants. Nous avons démontré à l'aide d'une tâche psycholinguistique évaluant les stratégies de segmentation lexicale et prosodique que les patients schizophrènes étaient tout à fait capables de percevoir et d'utiliser les indices prosodiques contenus dans des frontières de groupe de mots pour segmenter le signal de parole. Nous concluons à une dissociation entre une reconnaissance explicite altérée et une perception implicite préservée de prosodie émotionnelle et linguistique dans la schizophrénie. Nos résultats réfutent l'explication entièrement sensorielle du trouble schizophrénique en reconnaissance des émotions vocales. Ils sont plutôt en faveur d'un déficit de l'étape cognitive de jugement émotionnel.
48
Huang, Yu-Ting, and 黃鈺婷. "Children’s Ability to Detect Lexical Ambiguity." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64014237986250748814.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
聽語障礙科學研究所
103
Linguistic ambiguity occurs when a given segment represents more than one meaning in either spoken or written language. . There are various types of linguistic ambiguity, including phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, and structural ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity has been considered to be a distinguishing characteristic among the types of linguistic ambiguity in the Mandarin. There are three categories of Mandarin lexical ambiguity: homophonic homographs, homophonic heterographs, and partially-heterographic homophones. The ability to detect lexical ambiguity involves receptive vocabulary ability, which improves as children grow. Types of lexical ambiguity may also influence the performance on lexical ambiguity detection. The present study aims to explore children’s ability to detect lexically ambiguous segments and to investigate the relationship between the ability of lexical ambiguity detection and receptive vocabulary ability. A total of 80 typically developing preschool children (Kindergarteners) and school-age children (Grades 2, 4, and 6) received receptive vocabulary test and lexical ambiguity detection task. The latter task included 30 homophone detection trials and 21 lexically ambiguous sentence detection trials. Participants responses in both trials were automatically recorded and analyzed by E-prime. Participants’ scores for each of their responses ranged from 0 to 2 for both trials. Results revealed that children’s ability to detect homophones and their ability to detect lexically ambiguous sentences improved with the grade level. Both abilities presented a massive increase in Grade 2 and reached a plateau around Grade 4 to Grade 6. With respect to the types of lexical ambiguity, children’s ability to detect partially- heterographic homophones was better than they did to homophonic homographs and homophonic heterographs, whereas their ability to detect lexically ambiguous sentences showed no difference among all types of lexical ambiguity. Findings also revealed a significant correlation between homophone detection ability and receptive vocabulary ability in the Grade 2 and Grade 4 groups, while there was not a significant correlation in the Kindergartener and Grade 6 groups It is expected that the results of the present investigation could expand the literature of language development in Mandarin-speaking children and could also be applicable to clinical practice in speech-language pathology.
49
Kennison, Shelia M. "The role of verb-specific lexical information in syntactic ambiguity resolution." 1995. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9606524.
Full textAbstract:
Four experiments investigated how verb-specific lexical information is used in resolving the noun phrase complement/tensed sentence complement ambiguity, extending prior research (Ferreira & Henderson, 1990; Holmes, Stowe, & Cupples, 1989; Trueswell, Tannenhaus, & Kello, 1993). Predictions from the Constraint Satisfaction Approach (MacDonald, 1994; MacDonald, Pearlmutter, & Seidenberg, 1994a; 1994b; Tannenhaus & Trueswell, 1994; Trueswell, Tannenhaus, & Kello, 1993) and the Lexical Filtering Proposal (Clifton, Speer, & Abney, 1991; Ferreira & Henderson, 1990; 1991; Frazier, 1987; Frazier & Clifton, 1989) were contrasted. The former approach assumes that lexical information is used to guide the analysis of syntactically ambiguous phrases, predicting that comparable effects of verb bias should be observed for ambiguous versus unambiguous tensed sentence complements as for sentences containing temporarily ambiguous noun phrase complements and for sentences containing unambiguous tensed sentence complements. The latter proposal, an extension of the Garden Path Model (Frazier, 1978; Frazier & Fodor, 1978; Frazier, & Rayner, 1982), assumes that lexical information may be used when it becomes available; however, the analysis of syntactically ambiguous phrases is not delayed until lexical information becomes available, but instead is made in accordance with the syntactic parsing principles Minimal Attachment and Late Closure. Therefore, larger effects of verb bias are predicted for ambiguous versus unambiguous tensed sentence complements than for sentences containing temporarily ambiguous noun phrase complements or for sentences containing unambiguous tensed sentence complements. In Experiments 1-3, two self-paced reading methods (phrase by phrase and word by word presentation) and eye tracking were used to compare reading time on sentences containing ambiguous and unambiguous tensed sentence complements, containing either short or long ambiguous noun phrases, preceded by either NP-biased verbs, i.e., verbs generally occurring most frequently with noun phrase complements, or S-biased verbs, i.e., verbs generally occurring most frequently with tensed sentence complements. In Experiment 4, eye tracking was used to compare reading time on sentences containing temporarily ambiguous tensed sentence complements, temporarily ambiguous noun phrase complements, and unambiguous tensed sentence complements, containing either short or long ambiguous noun phrases, preceded by either NP-biased or S-biased verbs. Results from these four experiments are most compatible with the Lexical Filtering Proposal. Implications for models of human sentence processing are discussed.
50
Slattery, Timothy James. "Neighbor frequency effects during reading: Is there a parallel with lexical ambiguity?" 2007. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3289252.
Full textAbstract:
The following four eye movement experiments examined the hypothesis that sentence context has a similar effect on words with higher frequency neighbors and lexically ambiguous words. This would be consistent with the notion that lexically ambiguous words can be thought of as extreme examples of word neighbors (word roommates). Experiment 1 presented words with higher frequency neighbors (birch, birth) in sentences that provided either a neutral context (i.e., the target word and its higher frequency neighbor could both fit equally well into the sentence) or biased context (i.e., the target word was a better fit than its higher frequency neighbor). Experiment 2 used the items from Experiment 1 with a group of elderly readers (65 years of age or older) to investigate age related differences in the neighbor frequency effect. A prior study by Rayner, Reichle, Stroud, Williams & Pollatsek (2006) concluded that elderly readers adopt a riskier reading strategy that relies heavily on partial parafoveal information. Therefore, elderly readers may be more likely to miscode words that have higher frequency neighbors. Experiment 3 examined the role that syntax plays in the neighbor frequency effect during reading. Prior research by Folk and Morris (2003) using ambiguous word stimuli that spanned syntactic category suggests that syntax can mediate the meaning resolution process. A critical difference between lexically ambiguous words and the words used in experiments 1-3 is that the two meanings of lexically ambiguous words have the phonological code. Therefore, Experiment 4 used words that are homonyms with their higher frequency neighbor (beech, beach).