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Journal articles on the topic 'Lexical analyze'
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1
Hijjah, Shifany Maulida, Mukhshon Nawawi та Fatima El Zahraa. "تحليل التماسك المعجمي في سورة القيامة". Kalimatuna: Journal of Arabic Research 2, № 2 (2024): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kjar.v2i2.28412.
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This research is motivated by Sayyid Qutub’s assumption in his book (Fii Zilaal Al-Qur’an) that meaningful cohesion study has been carried out in the Al-Qur’an, but has not been studied literally and lexically. There was the impression that the lexical cohesion was the important thing to understand the meaning of Al-Qur’an. Lexical cohesion is a cohesion that associated with meaning and formed by the semantic relationship between another lexicon. In addition to the researcher chose the Surah Al-Qiyamah as the object of research to analyze the lexical cohesion devices that contained in Surah Al-Qiyamah by using Halliday and Ruqaiya’s theory of lexical cohesion. Halliday and Ruqaiya see lexical cohesion as being formed of two aspects: reiteration (repitition, synonym, antonym, hyponym) and collocation. Therefore, this research is trying to answer how many devices of lexical cohesion are contained in Surah Al-Qiyamah.
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Lestariningsih, Depi, and Prembayun Miji Lestari. "Lexical semantic study of the Bubakan Manten Tradition in Mojodelik Village, Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia." LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 20, no. 2 (2024): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/lite.v20i2.11119.
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This research aims to analyze the lexicon contained in the bubakan manten traditional procession in Mojodelik village on AM Production's YouTube account and analyze the lexical and cultural meaning contained in the bubakan manten traditional procession in Mojodelik village on AM Production's YouTube account. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a lexical semantic approach. The data in this research is in the form of a lexicon contained in the bubakan manten tradition, which contains lexical and cultural meanings. The primary data source in this research is the video of the bubakan manten tradition in Mojodelik Village, which is available on the AM Production Purwosari YouTube account, entitled Live Streaming Season 2 Langen Tayub Mustiko Laras Mojodelik Gayam, as well as interviews with the resource person who served as the leader in the implementation of bubakan manten, namely Mr. Jimin and Mr. Pandholi. Data collection techniques in this research used note-taking and interview techniques. Data analysis techniques used include sorting data for analysis, classifying lexicon forms, explaining the lexical and cultural meaning of the lexicon, and conclusion. The results of the research are a lexicon of places, equipment, food, and plants. The lexical meaning of the bubakan tradition is to open the way for marriage, while the cultural meaning contained in the bubakan tradition is to ask for safety and to be kept away from bad things.
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Hameed, Samia, Imran Ali, and Khalid -. "Analysis of Lexical Density and Readability of Pakistani English Newspaper Dawn." Global Mass Communication Review IX, no. II (2024): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2024(ix-ii).07.
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This research study aimed to analyze the lexical density and readability of Pakistani English Newspaper and so, to suggest their suitability for the level of students. Eight newspapers from four genres were selected as sample. The theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics based on the theory of lexical density by Ure (1971) was applied for finding lexical density and readability indices by using content analysis design through an online text analyzer software. Readability values were compared with the FleschmReading Ease Scale. The results of this study showed that lexical density values of all genres were greater than 40% according to the Flesch Reading Ease Scale. All the texts were lexically dense having a greater number of contents carrying lexical items as compared to grammatical items. The findings of study could also be applied to academic textbooks in order to check complexity and suitability according to the level of the students.
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De Raad, Boele, B. F. Mulder, and Dick P. H. Barelds. "Psycho-lexically based Openness to Experience." International Journal of Personality Psychology 7 (December 17, 2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.38194.
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We investigated whether NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and its six facets could be identified in the natural trait lexicon. To represent the NEO-PI-R Openness, a list of 113 items was selected from a lexically derived trait list developed for the eight-factor trait model of De Raad and Barelds (2008). We used ratings from two samples. The first (N=271) filled out the lexical Openness scales, the NEO-PI-R Openness scales, and scales measuring the eight-factor model. From the second sample (N=1,466), ratings were used to analyze the lexical Openness scales. Correlations between the eight-factor scales and the two sets of Openness scales indicated that Openness scales are fairly covered by the eight factors, except for the Ideas and Values facets of the NEO-PI-R. The lexical Openness scales correlated well with the NEO-PI-R Openness scales. Openness to Experience and its six facets were identified in the natural trait lexicon, but exploratory factor analyses did not support the six-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R Openness, neither did they lead to a similar six-facet structure across samples. Moreover, it did not consistently support a proposed two-facet structure emphasizing internal openness (fantasy, aesthetics) and external openness (ideas, change).
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Dr., Mohyeldeen Mohamed Babiker, and Ahmed Hamdan Hamdan. "Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Lexical and Grammatical Categories in Arrow of God." International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 4, no. 2 (2022): 95–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6466089.
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The Study attempts to Shed light on linguistic Stylistics Analysis of lexical and Grammatical Categories of Chinua Achebe’s novel (Arrow of God). It aims to highlight the techniques of using lexical and Grammatical Categories in the novel. The researchers have adopted analytical checklist to explore lexical and Grammatical Categories in the functional linguistic field. These lexical and grammatical features have been used as primary tools for data collection. The sample composed of hundred words and two hundred and fifty of different sentences types that have been used in the context so as to analyze Achebe’s style. The finding revealed that studying linguistic stylistic alone cannot be satisfied to understand the novel, rather identifies significant linguistic features that mostly contributes in interpreting the novel. The study recommended that researchers should use linguistic features for interpreting and tackling their literary works
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Tereshchuk, A. "Lexical and semantic characteristics of “Memoirs about the Last Carlist war” by M. Vayreda." Key Issues of Contemporary Linguistics, no. 3 (February 7, 2023): 153–62. https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-712x-2023-3-153-162.
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Aim. To analyze the lexical characteristics of “Memoirs about the Last Carlist War” by the Catalan writer Marian Vayreda.Methodology. The method of contextual lexical and semantic analysis was used in the work. Dialectisms, lexical interferences from Spanish, and sociolectisms are studied in the article. The meaning and area of the analyzed lexical units were specified according to the “Large Dictionary of the Catalan language” and the “Catalan-Valencian-Balearic Dialect Dictionary”.Results. The analyzed text contains lexemes, the use of which is characteristic for the author's native North Catalan subdialect. In addition, the book contains lexical units that are absent in North Catalan, but can be found in other diatopic language varieties. The dialectisms used by the author function as stylistic devices. The article analyzes the lexical interferences from Spanish present in the text, which are divided into italicized foreign language inclusions and Spanish interferences in Catalan. The Spanish language is used by M. Vayreda to create a verbal portrait of negative characters, as well as to characterize certain concepts that the author considers alien to Catalonia and its culture. The lexical units related to the sociolect of the Catalan Carlists are considered. Some features of the political discourse of the Carlists are noted.Research implications. The study is a continuation of a number of publications dedicated to M. Vayreda's books and the first study that comprehensively analyzes the lexical features of “Memoirs of the Last Carlist War”. The article can serve as a starting point for further research on the history of the Catalan language and on the language of Spanish Carlism.
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Бобчинець, Любов Іванівна. "ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ Й СТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛЕКСИКИ КАРТЯРСТВА У СУЧАСНІЙ ІСПАНСЬКІЙ МОВІ". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г.С. Сковороди "Лінгвістичні дослідження", № 41 (29 березня 2016): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48527.
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<em>The aim of the article is to analyze lexical, semantic and structural peculiarities of card games vocabulary in the modern Spanish language, to classify the words according to lexical and semantic criteria, to describe synonymy, polysemy within the lexicon. Topicality of the investigation is conditioned by frequent use of card games idioms in modern mass media. Synonymy is caused by parallel existence of Spanish and borrowed lexical units. Polysemy does not impede the players’ understanding because the context and the game situation actualize certain meaning of the word. According to the structure the majority of the lexemes are two member word combinations, mainly nominative. Card games vocabulary in the Spanish language is an open system. The figurative character of card games vocabulary contributes to its penetration into general lexicon as expressive means. Card games idioms enrich general lexicon. Expressive characteristics of card game idioms in works of fiction and journalistic style in Spanish need further investigation.</em>
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González Sopeña, Inmaculada. "Indications of lexical-semantic changes in the Arabisms of the Kingdom of Granada (1493-1612): the lexical competition between almádena and martillo." Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, no. 51 (2021): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.51.09.
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The objective of the present study is to analyze a couple of lexical items formed by an Arabism and a Romance voice (almádena and martillo) through a corpus of documents linked to the ancient Kingdom of Granada (i.e. the current provinces of Málaga, Almería and Granada) in the late 15th century to 17th century. That documentation includes different types of texts as the correspondence of Hernando de Zafra or texts linked to the building construction at that time. Due to the historical, political, social and religious peculiarities of the Kingdom of Granada there is a persistence of lexicon of Arab origin over the above two centuries with regard to other Spanish-speaking territories. However, Arabic loanwords in Spanish lexicon are subjected to specialization processes or semantic restrictions, as exemplified in the case of almádena. This voice lexically competed with the Romance voice martillo, but, finally, the first one suffered a process of semantic restriction and it is actually cornered in some dialectal areas.
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Makarov, N. S. "The Church lexicon as a lexical category." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 10, no. 2 (2024): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2024-2-39-38-49.
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The article focuses on the study of church lexicon as a lexical category. The aim of this article is to analyze and compare different linguistic points of view on the key stages of church lexicon development in the Russian and English languages, to determine a working definition of the category “church lexicon”, as well as its most important elements. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of analyzing sources, their subsequent comparison and contrast, identification of analogies and similarities were used, as well as synthesis of information extracted from these sources.The material includes dissertations, scientific articles and other works of modern Russian scholars considering the concepts “church lexicon” and “religious lexicon”, comparing and juxtaposing them, as well as singling out constituent elements of the categories “church lexicon”, “religious lexicon”, “sacral lexicon”, and “liturgical lexicon”. In this article are used the works of such scholars as A.A. Azarov, I.V. Bugaeva, S.V. Bulavina, N.S. Valgina, R.I. Goryushina, E.V. Kakorina, I.A. Koroleva, T.I. Kosheleva and others.The results of the research show that the interest in the church lexicon as a lexical category among Russian linguists has increased since the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries due to the revival of the Christian Church of various denominations, as well as other religious organizations. The long period of persecution of the Christian Church in Russia has affected church vocabulary, marginalizing it and relegating it to the periphery of the language. In the UK, USA and other English-speaking linguistic communities, the activities of the Christian Church have never been banned or persecuted, and the history of church vocabulary in the English language as such has never faced marginalization similar to that in Russia.It has also been established that church vocabulary is part of the broader category of “religious vocabulary” and includes basic concepts from the sphere of the life of the Christian Church. Although scholars argue about the constituents of the category “church lexicon”, many agree that it includes the names of sacraments and rites, elements of the church calendar, names of church buildings and their elements, items of decoration, elements of vestments, as well as names of persons in relation to the Christian faith and the Christian Church.This article may be of interest to philologists, linguists, and teachers of the Russian and English languages.
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Rosyadi ZA, Dede, Bima Kurniawan, Nisrinatus Zahiyah, Rosiana Sukma Anjani, and Elsa Alfida Maharani. "Lexicon Dialect Variations of Madurese in the Bangkalan and Sumenep Sociolinguistics Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 8, no. 1 (2025): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v8i1.42006.
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This research investigates the lexical variations within the dialects of the Madurese language, with a specific focus on the Bangkalan and Sumenep regions. The study seeks to identify and analyze the ways in which lexical items diverge between these dialects, considering how geographic factors play a role in shaping these variations. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the study employs a combination of observation, interviews, and field notes to gather comprehensive data. The findings demonstrate that although certain lexical items exhibit differences in form across the dialects, they largely retain the same meanings. These lexical variations are primarily attributed to the geographical separation between the regions, which has led to distinct developments in the Madurese lexicon over time. The research underscores the influence of geographic isolation on the evolution of language and provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between language and region.
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Saputri, Ni Komang Desey Trisna Dewi, I. Made Suastra, and I. Komang Sumaryana Putra. "The Lexical Ambiguity in News Headlines of the Jakarta Post." Humanis 26, no. 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2022.v26.i01.p04.
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The title of this study is “Lexical Ambiguity in News Headlines of The Jakarta Post”. This study deals with lexical ambiguity and its factors. This study aims to identify the lexical ambiguity and analyze the factors of lexical ambiguity. The data was taken from The Jakarta Post’s articles that were published throughout 2019-2021. The documentation method and the note-taking technique were used in collecting the data. The data was analyzed by using the theory of lexical ambiguity proposed by Ullmann (1967). The results of the study showed that there are four words found as lexical ambiguity and two factors of lexical ambiguity, namely polysemy and homonymy. The words ‘flood’ and ‘ghosting’ are classified as homonymy, and the words ‘promise’ and ‘curfew’ are classified as polysemy.
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Krisna, Natalia, and Zia Hisni Mubarak. "An analysis lexical cohesion on Ellen Show with Michelle Obama." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 8, no. 1 (2024): 137–48. https://doi.org/10.61672/eji.v8i1.2681.
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This study applied a discourse analysis study to obtain the types of Lexical Cohesion in YouTube "Ellen Show". The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of lexical cohesion contained in the show. Then, the utterances were analyzed and classified by applying the theory of Halliday & Hasan (1976) to analyze the data source. To get the desired research results, the research method used was descriptive qualitative method. Data collection technique was using observation technique and non-participation technique.The researchers found utterances of lexical cohesion by Michelle Obama and Ellen. As the result of the research, the researchers found 6 types of lexical cohesion, (10) repetition, (4) collocation, (1) synonymy, (0) hyponym, (0) meronymy, (0) antonym. The repetition is the highest type found in the data source, then collocation, and synonymy. Through this research, it is hoped that it can be useful for readers, students, and future researchers. The researchers recommend readers to read this research because this research can help readers to understand lexical cohesion through the reading of reviews of related literature.
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Maeng, Junghwan. "Lexicon over Syntax: L2 Structural Processing of Chinese Separable Verbs." Languages 8, no. 3 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8030192.
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This study used online and offline tasks to examine whether proficient Korean learners of Chinese can analyze the syntactic structure of separable verbs in a native-like manner during real-time processing. Separable verbs are considered a unique grammar in Chinese, involving an interface of lexicon and syntax. Despite their lexical status, separable verbs occur in the form of syntactic phrases, with constituents modified by phrase-level rules in syntax. The present study demonstrates that despite native-like offline judgments on the syntactic analysis of separable verbs, the same grammatical information was not utilized in the L2 real-time processing. The results of the experiments indicate that the structural information of separable verbs was employed less in the L2 online processing due to overreliance on the lexical representations of these compounds. In contrast, it was shown that L1 speakers could access both syntactic and lexical information associated with separable verbs during real-time processing. It is suggested that when processing a construction involving an interface of syntax and lexicon, L2 speakers rely heavily on lexicon storage and underutilize structural information.
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ZAGRE, Dieu-donné, and Ayassan BADO. "Quelques procédés de création lexicales en Lyèlé, l’antonymie et l’homonymie." Cahiers Africains de rhétorique 5, no. 1 (2024): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55595/car202402.
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The present study on the lexical structuring of autonomy and homonymy in lyèlé, a gur language spoken in the West-Central region of Burkina Faso, precisely in the provinces of Sanguié and Boulkiemdé. The study of antonymy and homonymy falls within the field of lexicology which studies the units which constitue the lexicon of a language. She is most interested in describing the structures of lexical units. For this purpose, it can be called lexical semantics especially since she studies the meaning of the lexical units she describes. The problem of the study revolves around the following main question: how are antonyms and homonyms constructed? from this question arises the following general objective: to analyze the process of construction of antonyms and homonyms in the Lyèlé language. Our reference authors are P. Amsili (2005) and A. Lehmann (2014) who theorized about antonymy and homonymy. Their respective approaches are part of lexical semantics and lexical morphology. The study reveals that there are three categories of antonyms in the language, namely complementary or contradictory antonyms, incompatible or contrary antonyms and reciprocal or converse antonyms. As for homonyms, there are also three types : homophone homograph homonyms, heterophone homograph homonyms and grammatical homonyms.
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Qureshi, Marriyam, Sultan Muhammad, and Naeem Khan Jadoon. "LEXIS OF PAKISTANI ENGLISH: A STUDY OF LEXICAL BORROWING IN PAKISTANI ANGLOPHONE LITERATURE." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (2023): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1214.
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Pakistani English, an institutionalized variation of English, developed as a result of language contact between English and the Pakistani language. One of the most notable features of this variant is the significant creativity in the lexis. In this study, based on Shah's, A Season for Martyrs (2014), and Mueenuddin's, In Other Rooms, Other Wonders (2009) the researchers explored the language's vocabulary through the lexical borrowings of single words and their assimilation in Pakistani English. They used qualitative content analysis method to analyze lexical borrowings of single items and their level of integration into Pakistani English, on a three-fold grade-ability scale, in the selected works. The study’s findings posit that Pakistani English frequently borrows lexical items from Pakistani languages either to fill the lexical gaps or to transmit various shades of meaning, which reinforces the notion that this variety has its own distinctive lexicon. In addition, the study endorsed the notion that Pakistani English should be considered an independent variety since it represents the linguistic and cultural characteristics of English speakers in Pakistan and is widely used in Pakistani Anglophone literature. Keywords. Pakistani English; Lexical Borrowing; Contextual Areas; Lexical Integration.
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Prawinanto, Adityo, and Barli Bram. "ADJECTIVE AND NOUN CLAUSE LEXICAL DENSITY IN AN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS." Getsempena English Education Journal 7, no. 2 (2020): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/geej.v7i2.1019.
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This paper analyzed the lexical density of the adjective and noun clauses in an English textbook for senior high school students in Indonesia. It aimed to discover whether or not the textbook was suitable for the students in terms of lexical density. The researchers employed a content analysis approach to analyze data. There were 116 sentences, containing adjective and noun clauses, which were investigated. The researchers implemented the lexical density theory and the lexical density indicators to determine the average level of the lexical density measurements. Results showed that there were three lexical density levels found in those adjective and noun clauses. The three levels were low, medium, and high. The average level of the lexical density obtained from the adjective and noun clauses in the textbook was 47%, which was categorized as low lexical density. Thus, the researchers concluded that the English textbook for the tenth-grade students published by the Indonesian Government was appropriate for the students.
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Nuraini, Eka Indah, Melani Nathania, and Nur Afifah. "Lexical Cohesion in Shereen Salama’s Speech." Wanastra : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (2024): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/wanastra.v16i1.20226.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the types of lexical cohesion found in an English speech presented by Shereen Salama on English Speeches YouTube channel. The 13-minute-long video contained motivational words for Muslim youth without any political purposes. The video then was transcribed and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method in the form of content analysis. The gathered data eventually were classified based on Haliday dan Hasan’ theory. The result findings showed that there were 26 synonyms, 1 superordinate, 1 collocation, and 57 repetition data. The most frequent lexical cohesion type was repetition words which appeared as many as 57 times. Key words: lexical cohesion, speech, types
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Shon, Sangmi. "Perceptions of University Life Reflected in International Students’ Essays: Focusing on Lexical Frequency and Lexical Context." Korean Association for Literacy 15, no. 2 (2024): 403–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37736/kjlr.2024.04.15.2.14.
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This study aimed to compile a small corpus of essays written by international students studying at South Korean universities, extract high-frequency vocabulary from the corpus, and analyze the content of the essays to research the perceptions of international students about university life. To achieve this, the researchers compiled a small corpus of 68 essays written by foreign international students about their university experiences. The researcher manually typed and saved the materials written by the learners in Word files, preserving any errors made by the learners in the raw data. Subse quently, the raw data were refined by correcting the errors. The processed data were subjected to morphological analysis using the Kkma morphological analyzer, and a word frequency list was generated using the AntConc word module (version 4.2.0). The extracted words were then searched in the essays to understand the context before and after their usage and to analyze the learners’ perceptions. The learners' experiences revealed that the difficulty level of university life could be influenced by their friends and that they attempted to overcome the challenges of their studies with a positive attitude. They also faced challenges in various fields, especially when engaging in team projects or presentations in Korean. Furthermore, university life was evidently not just about academic learning; it also involved ac quiring knowledge related to life’s principles and various aspects of life in general.
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Sinaga, Finky Sahputra, Amrin Saragih, and Juli Rachmadani Hasibuan. "LEXICAL COHESIVE DEVICES IN NEWS STORY TEXTS OF THE DAILY ANALISA." LINGUISTICA 8, no. 4 (2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v8i4.17032.
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This study dealt with lexical cohesive devices in News Story Text of Daily Analisa. It employed descriptive qualitative research method. The news story textsis analyzed using cohesive devices theory by Michael Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan. This study was aimed to analyze: (1) The kinds of Lexical Cohesive Devices which are used in News story texts of the Daily Analisa (2) How Lexical Cohesive devices used in News story text of The Daily Analisa. The result shows that not all lexical cohesive devices types are used in news story text. The findings are only has three types of the cohesive devices in the text. Based on the analysis, the lexical cohesive devices ties in the text construct the unity as well as the context in the text. in the other words, the lexical cohesive devices makes the text function in which it is embedded. It can be said that the lexical cohesive devices create the coherence of the textKeywords: coherence,context, daily Analisa, discourse analysis,lexical cohesive devices, news story texts
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Batubara, Winda Wasalwa, Didin Nuruddin Hidayat, Nida Husna, Alek Alek, and Moch Imam Machfudi. "A Discourse Analysis of Lexical Cohesion on Naila Farhana’s Videos." Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching 8, no. 1 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ling.v8i1.6435.
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The study sought to investigate the lexical cohesion in three YouTube videos by Naila Farhana, "Language Learning when you are an Introvert," "This useful language translation hack will help you!" and "Change your life! Benefits of Learning English Language". Farhana is known as an Indonesian YouTuber engaged in Languages. Through her video, the study analyzed Farhana's utterances on some topics based on lexical cohesion elements. Moreover, this study is concerned with Farhana's consistency, properly using lexical cohesion based, and finding out which lexical cohesion is the most dominant. Since to produce good writing and speech, it needs to pay attention when used to make the reader or listener not misunderstand. The research method was a qualitative description of the YouTube transcript to analyze the lexical cohesion devices. The results showed that the most dominant lexical cohesion of Farhana's three Youtube videos was Collocation of 36.93%. In addition, the study found Farhana's consistency in using lexical cohesion seen in the percentage of using the correct type of lexical cohesion reached from Halliday and Hasan's theory.
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Wiriani, Ni Made. "Typology Lexical Verb 'To Use' in Japan: Natural Semantics Metalanguage Study." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 1, no. 2 (2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2017.v01.i02.p09.
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 This study entitled Typology of Lexical Verb 'Use' In Japanese: Study of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The research objective is to understand verb ‘use’ of the Japanese language. The specific objective is to describe forms, structures, and to avoid the meaning of swirling. Analysis using Semantic Theory of Natural Metalanguage (MSA) which is pioneered by Wierzbicka (1996). To analyze the data the author uses a descriptive method, that describe the elements used by default lexical verb ‘meaning'. Then the mapping exponent through explication by using a paraphrase. Data were analyzed semantic structure. Ways of presenting the data analysis using informal methods, namely the use of words. 14 types of the Japanese verb have the meaning of 'use, ' i.e., kaburu, maku, haku, hameru, shimeru, sauces, kiru, Kakeru, tsukeru, tsukau, mochiiru, shiyo suru, suru riyou, chakuyo suru, which is often found in the books of Japanese. This study has given a clear enough picture of the technical explication of the state of one form or lexicon to one meaning and one meaning for one form or lexicon.
 
 
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Ismoilova, Dilorom. "LEXICAL UNITS OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD “MURDER”." Ижтимоий-гуманитар фанларнинг долзарб муаммолари / Актуальные проблемы социально-гуманитарных наук / Actual Problems of Humanities and Social Sciences. 3, S/2 (2023): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47390/b1342v3si2y2023n37.
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The article discusses the structural linguistics and its crucial methods which are implemented in scientific research. The field theory is considered as one of the effective methods to analyze the structural and semantic peculiarities of the language. The structure of the microfield of "murder" in the English language and the semantic features of its constituents are scrutinized in this article. Also, the synonymic, antonymic, hyper-hyponymic and graduonymic relations of the lexical units connected to this field within the field were analyzed based on the views of the field theory. In particular, the article reflects the results of research on the methodical use of lexical units included in the microfield of "murder". The author deeply analyzed the general and specific semantic features of these components.
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Salcedo-Lagos, Pedro, Sergio Morales-Candia, Karina Fuentes-Riffo, Susan Rivera-Robles, and Cristian Sanhueza-Campos. "Teachers’ Perceptions Analysis on Students’ Emotions in Virtual Classes during COVID19 Pandemic: A Lexical Availability Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116413.
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Virtual education has grown exponentially in the past year due to the global COVID19 pandemic. In this context, the exploration of teachers’ perceptions of their students’ emotions when using ICTs has become more relevant. The aim of this study was two-fold, on the one hand, to analyze how teachers perceived their students’ emotions and, on the other hand, to analyze the emotions teachers wanted to modulate in their students when using ICTs. To this end, an interpretative and comparative study was implemented using the Lexical Availability technique. The sample was formed by 178 Chilean teachers who took a lexical availability test. The analysis included general vocabulary through network graphs and a comparison across gender, academic background, school type and knowledge area. The results made it possible to identify the latent mental lexicon of teachers, revealing significant differences in the perception of emotions, according to gender and ICTs use and according to gender and knowledge area. The study further projects the potential of lexical availability to determine the emotions required by Affective Informatics in the adaptability of educational systems and to make adjustments to the instructional design.
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Yaqubova, Oybibi Atabekovna. "STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL COMPARISON OF PHYTONYMS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN SCIENCES 2, no. 3 (2023): 41–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7703728.
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In this article outlines the scientific basis on the functional comparison of phytonyms in translation from English into Uzbek. Also, Phytonyms are seen as lexical units of a special order, and nouns as terms-words and terms-phrases. Such a two-way approach to phytonyms makes it possible to analyze their lexical and lexical-semantic units. On the one hand, when translating phytonyms, lexical changes and lexical-semantic changes are used, on the other.
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Miharsa, Sefina Putri, and Heri Heryono. "Lexical Relations in Joe Biden's Speech about Plan to Lower Prescription Drugs Cost: Semantics Study." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 7, no. 2 (2024): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v7i2.9668.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the types of lexical relations and the types of meanings of lexical relations that appear in Joe Biden's Speech about the plan to reduce prescription drug prices. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of this research show that there are eight types of lexical relations and three types of semantic meanings; the types of lexical relations show that from 30 data that have been analyzed, eight synonym data (26.7%), ten antonym data (33.3%), three meronym data (10%), two polysemy data (6.7%), two hyponym data (6.7%), two member-collection data (6.7%), two portion-mass data (6.7%), and one homonym data (3.3%). Meanwhile, the types of semantic meanings found from 60 data that have been analyzed are 51 data of literal meaning (85%), 5 data of semi-idiomatic meaning (8.3%), and 4 data of fully idiomatic meaning (6.7%). Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of lexical relations that appears the most is antonyms at 33.3% and that the most common type of meaning is literal meaning, which is 85%. Keywords: Lexical relations, Semantics, Speech
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Tymoshchuk, Nataliia. "TRANSLATABILITY OF MODERN MEDIA ENGLISH NEOLOGISMS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 52, no. 3 (2022): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5215.
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In our publication, the specifics of the use of neologisms and the peculiarities of their translation into Ukrainian are analyzed on the basis of modern English language periodicals. Neologisms reflect the trends of modern English; they are constantly appearing and some of them become part of everyday lexicon. Therefore, the constant growth of the number of neologisms and their impact on language development is the cause of the relevance of the study. The purpose of the research is to analyze new lexical items at the morphological and semantic levels, identify trends in the creation and translation of lexical items in English-language media. The material of the study was 110 neologisms, selected by the method of continuous sampling from articles of modern English online publications. We have researched political articles of BBC and CNN. The prospect of further study of modern media English neologisms lies in the possibility to establish the cognitive mechanisms of derivational processes.
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Tanti Nikmatul Zanah, Willyana Ramlan, and Ela Nurmala. "Students’ Lexical Choice Tendency and Ability to Distinguish British and American English Lexical." Jurnal Bahasa Inggris Terapan 7, no. 2 (2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jbit.v7i2.3512.
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This study aims to analyze the lexical choice tendency and ability to distinguish British and American English lexical. The participants were 20 students of the English Education Program in one of the state universities in Bandung. This research used the qualitative descriptive method to analyze the data. To collect the data, this research used tests as a technique. The lexical that were examined in the tests were based on Sukmawati (2017). The participants were given tests that were split into two parts in the form of multiple choices to examine the lexical choice tendency and measure the ability to distinguish British and American English lexical. The number of questions was 30 for each test, so the total number was 60 questions. The computation for the current study used simple calculation central tendency which was mean score, also a percentage, and tendency formula. The results show that the English Education Program students were able to be consistent in their lexical choice with most of the students tending to American English at the rate of 60%, followed by British English at the rate of 25%, and the rest 15% were still not able to be consistent in their lexical choice as they tend to Mix. The students were also able to distinguish British and American English lexical as they can attribute the examined lexical items to the right variety with the mean score of 58.5 that categorized into the average level. This indicates that the results of the current study are in contrast with Lindell (2014) who revealed the students tend to mix and are unable to distinguish British and American English lexical.
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Sokol, I. O., and O. S. Volkovskyi. "Lexical analysis of program code." System technologies 5, no. 142 (2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-5-142-2022-09.
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The growing volume of technologies, the end of actively used development tools support, outdated API etc., entails the need of program codes conversion. In IT compa-nies and not only, often begged the question of deprecated software support, which cus-tomers continue to use, or translation of current software to actual technologies. It is more rational for programmers to use the conversion and save most of code base, than rewriting all software by hand, even if manual adjustment is needed. At this moment, there are few high-quality code conversion systems. Largely, conversion systems work well only with similar programming languages. The task of program codes conversion is a deep and complex topic. To convert the software code, you must first analyze, select components and form a structural representation. Any analysis of program code begins with lexical analysis. Although lexical analysis is considered a relatively simple step, it plays a key role in the entire system of analysis and transformation of software code, and also has a large number of both theoretical and practical features that require careful study. This article considers the definition of the lexical analyzer, its functional composition and principles of construction, provides key differences between the lexeme and the token. Two approaches have been proposed and considered to solve the search for tokens in the program code: regular expression search and finite state machine search. For these approaches, examples of the formation of search templates under cer-tain rules of vocabulary were given. As a result, the optimality of the use of determinis-tic finite state machines during the practical implementation of the lexical analyzer on real computing machines was substantiated.
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Brglez, Mojca, and Špela Vintar. "Lexical Diversity in Statistical and Neural Machine Translation." Information 13, no. 2 (2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13020093.
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Neural machine translation systems have revolutionized translation processes in terms of quantity and speed in recent years, and they have even been claimed to achieve human parity. However, the quality of their output has also raised serious doubts and concerns, such as loss in lexical variation, evidence of “machine translationese”, and its effect on post-editing, which results in “post-editese”. In this study, we analyze the outputs of three English to Slovenian machine translation systems in terms of lexical diversity in three different genres. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyze one statistical and two neural systems, and we compare them to a human reference translation. Our quantitative analyses based on lexical diversity metrics show diverging results; however, translation systems, particularly neural ones, mostly exhibit larger lexical diversity than their human counterparts. Nevertheless, a qualitative method shows that these quantitative results are not always a reliable tool to assess true lexical diversity and that a lot of lexical “creativity”, especially by neural translation systems, is often unreliable, inconsistent, and misguided.
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Sumani, Sumani, and Dyah Kartikasari. "Lexical Cohesion Used in “National Column” of the Jakarta Post." New Language Dimensions 3, no. 2 (2022): 82–90. https://doi.org/10.26740/nld.v3n2.p82-90.
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A newspaper has three main functions: informing, serving, and entertaining. From a linguistic point of view, especially discourse analysis, it is interesting to analyze how the news can relate to each other and how the news has unity from one element to another. The instrument to relate and unite from one element to another in discourse analysis is called cohesion. Cohesion is a meaningful relationship between two or more elements within the text. Meanwhile, there are two kinds of cohesion, they are grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion. In this study, the researcher focuses on lexical cohesion. Lexical cohesion is a linguistic device that helps create unity in the text. It occurs when two or more elements in the text are related to their meaning. Besides, it is also viewed as one of the elements that help the reader quickly understand the writer's thoughts. This study mainly analyzes lexical cohesion's types and functions in the "National Column" of The Jakarta Post. The approach of this study is descriptive qualitative. The data sources of this study are "National Column" of The Jakarta Post which is issued from 26th to 30th March, 2012. The data were analyzed based on the theory of Halliday and Hasan's (1976), Taboada (2004), and Tanskanen (2006). This study shows that: (1) lexical cohesion is used in the "National Column" of The Jakarta Post. The types of lexical cohesion which are used are reiteration and collocation. Reiteration used in these columns consists of repetition, synonym, and superordinate. The sequence of lexical cohesion types used the most are collocation, repetition, superordinate, and synonym. (2) each type of lexical cohesion has a vital function. Reiteration is used to reiterate the previous item, either in an identical or somewhat modified form. Collocation indicates the relationship between words that often occur in the same environment. In use, each cohesive lexical device has a substantial and different function. By using lexical cohesion, the sentences relate to each other, making them enjoyable to read.
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Dewi, Ratna Sari, and Mashud Ramadhani. "GRAMMATICAL AND LEXICAL ANALYSIS IN OPRAH WINFREY TALKSHOW." VISION 18, no. 1 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/vis.v18i1.1411.
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<p>This study deal with the analysis grammatical and lexical in talkshow <em>Oprah Winfrey</em>. The objectives of the study were not only to find out the grammatical and lexical meaning, but also to describe how the host used grammatical and lexical in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. The data in this research were taken from talkshow Oprah Winfrey. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. In doing this research, the data were analyzed using library research. The source of data in this study was utterances taken from video talk show of Oprah Winfrey that entitled Peter Walsh’s stripped Down Family Challenge, which downloaded from Youtube. The data focused on the utterances of the guest and host in talkshow Oprah Winfrey that consist of Grammatical and Lexical Meaning. From the data obtained, there were one hundred and six (106) utterances found in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. It was found 2 types of Semantic in this research, there were 63 utterances of Grammatical meaning and 43 utterances of Lexical meaning. To analyze the data, the researcher used the theory proposed by Miles &amp; Huberman (2014) to know the grammatical and lexical meaning.</p>
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Putri, Della Futika, Muh Syafei, and Mutohhar Mutohhar. "COLLOCATIONS FOUND IN THE DIALOGUE TEXTS WRITTEN BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 KUDUS." Prominent 6, no. 1 (2023): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/pro.v6i1.8380.
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Lexical collocation is one of the grammar material in English subjects that is taught by the English teacher for the eleventh grade students in the High School. Therefore, it is important to analyze the students’ level of understanding after learning the material. This research aims to classify the types of lexical collocation and to find out the students’ ability in writing dialogue text using lexical collocations. In this research, the descriptive qualitative was used as a research design. The writer did documentation as data collection technique. The participants of this research were the XI MIPA 6 students of MAN 1 Kudus in the academic year 2021/2022. The writer had analyzed 13 dialogue texts written by the students who worked in a pair. The findings show that there are seven types of lexical collocation found, those are verb with preposition + noun/pronoun (8.93%), verb + noun (19.64%), adjective + noun (35.71%), noun + verb (1.79%), noun + noun (25%), adverb + adjective (1.79%), and verb + adverb (7.14%). Moreover, the percentage of the correct lexical collocations shows that the students have excellent skills in writing dialogue text using lexical collocations.
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Patriantoro, Patriantoro. "The Geography of Dayak Dialect in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.300.
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The aims of this research entitled “The Geography of Dayak Dialect in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan” were to describe lexical variation, calculate the difference in lexical variation between observation points, map lexical variation, and create isogloss documents lexically. The form of this research was descriptive qualitative; the source of data for the Dayak language used in Landak was the native speakers of Dayak language. The methods used for data analysis were synchronous comparative method and triangular comparative technique between villages; while the formula used to analyze the data was the Dialectometric. The results from the data analysis, difference in lexical variation calculation between observation of Dayak language in Landak regency indicated that there found language differences, dialect differences, sub-dialect differences speech differences and no differences. Different lexical variations existed in the study area. There found 2 languages from the mapping of lexical variations of the Dayak language in Landak Regency. The first language included 4 observation points (Air Besar/Serimbu) called as S language (Serimbu) and the second language at observation points ((1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 / Sompak, Darit, Landak, Pahoman, Sengah Temila, and Mandor ) is referred to as the K language (Kanayatn). The K (Kanayatn) languge itself has 2 dialects, namely first dialect at the Observation point (3) Landak (members of Landak), the second dialect at the point of observation (1,2,5,6,7) Darit dialect (members of Sompak, Darit, Pahoman, Sengah Temila, and darit). The lexical isogloss documents separated the different language area with the percentage of 80.1%-100%; dialect areas 50.1%-80%; sub-dialect area 30.1%-50%; regional different in speech 20.1%-50%; and no difference with the range of 0-20%.
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Санковић, Никола М. "О ИМЕНИЦАМА СА СЕКУНДАРНИМ ЗНАЧЕЊЕМ НОСИОЦА КАРАКТЕРНЕ ОСОБИНЕ У РЕЧНИКУ СРПСКИХ ГОВОРА ВОЈВОДИНЕ". ГОДИШЊАК ЗА СРПСКИ ЈЕЗИК 18, № 1 (2020): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/gsrj.18.2020.05.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the lexemes of the Serbian speeches in Vojvodina whose secondary meanings are used in naming people with specific personality features. The research material was excerpted from the most prominent dialect dictionary in which the lexemes of these speeches are presented. The most important noun groups were distinguished according to the transformation potential of their primary lexical meanings. Given the type of material we analyzed, the lexical meanings were viewed as a set of semantic components. Also, a description of metaphorical and metonymical transfers were given on the examples of the analyzed lexemes.
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Shurygina, Olga. "Representation of lexical innovations in different spheres of social life of the English-speaking society." TERRITORY OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES OPENS FOR INVESTMENT PROJECTS OF THE FUTURE 17, no. 1 (2025): 146–53. https://doi.org/10.29039/2949-1258/2025-1/146-153.
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This study examines lexical innovations (neologisms) – words perceived by English speakers as new, referring to newly emerging objects or concepts and possessing an element of novelty in their semantics or structure. The research aims to analyze lexical innovations in terms of their dissemination across various spheres of social life in English-speaking societies. The methodological framework of the study combines general cientific methods (analysis, synthesis, classification) with linguistic approaches such as random sampling and bservation, lexical-semantic and contextual analysis, and the interpretation of dictionary definitions. The subject of the research is lexical innovations from the past decade, while the object is their structural-semantic, paradigmatic, and cognitive features.The novelty of the study lies in its systematic examination of the echanisms and means by which the English lexicon expands, integrating both linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis. Lexical innovations are explored in relation to their prevalence in key areas of social life, including odern information technologies, social media, the economy, and the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of empirical data revealed that the primary methods of lexical innovation include affixation, prefixation, analogy, telescoping, abbreviations, and compound word formation. The findings indicate that the most prevalent mechanisms are the telescoping method combined with analogy (≈40%) and compound word formation (≈40–45%). The practical significance of this study lies in the potential application of its results in the development of lecture courses, teaching materials, and methodological recommendations on lexicology, cognitive linguistics, and in-tercultural communication, as well as in practical English language instruction.
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Anwar, Linzia, Hamida A. Jasin, and Susana R. Bahara. "COLLOCATIONS ON BBC ONLINE NEWSPAPER." Jurnal Bilingual 14, no. 2 (2024): 58–70. https://doi.org/10.33387/j.bilingual.v14i2.9295.
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The aim of this research is to identify the types of lexical collocations and the most dominant types of lexical collocations in the BBC online newspaper. The online newspaper serves as the object of this research, and the subjects of the research are news articles from the BBC online newspaper. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. Content analysis is used to obtain and analyze data. Data is analyzed using the theory of Benson, M., Benson, E., Ilson (1986). There are seven types of lexical collocations according to Benson and Ilson, namely: verb (usually transitive) and noun/pronoun (or prepositional phrase), verb (meaning eradication and or nullification) and a noun, adjective and noun, noun and verb, noun and noun, adverbs and adjectives, and verbs and adverbs. The findings show that there are 24 lexical collocations. Of the seven types of lexical collocations, only four types of lexical collocations are found in the BBC online newspaper, namely Verb (usually transitive) + noun/pronoun (or prepositional phrase) amounting to 1 lexical collocation data or 4.16%. Verb (meaning eradication and/or nullification) + noun, 1 collocation of lexical data or 4.16%. Adjectives + nouns account for 16 lexical collocation data or 66.66%. And finally noun + noun with 6 lexical data collocations or 25%. Meanwhile, the types of lexical collocations of nouns and verbs, adverbs and adjectives and verbs and adverbs, were not found in the BBC online newspaper. The final conclusion is that the most dominant types used in the BBC online newspaper are adjectives and nouns, namely 16 data or in the form of a percentage of 66.66%.
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Huneety, Anas, Bassil Mashaqba, Sabri Shehadeh .Y. Al-Shboul, and Abdallah Tayseer Alshdaifat. "A Contrastive Study of Cohesion in Arabic and English Religious Discourse." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 3 (2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.3p.116.
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This paper aims to analyze the use of cohesion in Arabic and English religious spoken texts. Twelve texts, delivered by some of the most eloquent Imams, were analyzed in light of the model proposed by Halliday & Hasan (1976). The study reveals that lexical cohesion is the most dominant type of cohesion in Arabic religious discourse, whereas it is grammatical cohesion which dominates English religious discourse. Although both languages prefer the use of reference, conjunctions and lexical repetition, Arabic uses lexical repetition, collocation and personal pronouns more often than English. A major contribution of the present study is that it captures new cohesive devises employed in Arabic religious discourse other than proposed by Halliday & Hasan (1976): rhyming patterns and parallelism.
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Suryati, Ni Made, I. Wayan Suteja, and I. Ketut Jirnaya. "Category of Noun Lexical Meaning in Balinese." International Journal of Social Sciences World (TIJOSSW) 4, no. 2 (2022): 215–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7312351.
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This study aimed to analyze type I and its subtypes' characteristics of Balinese noun lexemes meaning categories. The theory used was Semantic Theory. It applied qualitative research with the data obtained from written and spoken data. The data were collected through observation and interview methods. It is then analyzed using the distributional methods. Meanwhile, the analysis is presented in formal and informal methods. The results of the study are as follows. Type I was characterized by the main meaning [+thing +person(O)], and its additional characteristics; [Object, +(ND), +(Ny), +(K), -uncountable (-H). Furthermore, I subtype was divided into 6 subtypes, i.e.: IA subtype: [+B,+ O, +ND, +Ny, +K, +-h]; IB subtype: [+B, +O, +NK, +Ny, +K, +-h]; IC subtype:[ +B, +O ,+NP, +Ny, +K, +-h]; ID subtype: [+B, +O, +NJ, Ny, +K, +-h]; IE subtype:[+B, +O, +ND, +Ny, +K, +-h]; IF subtype: [+B, +O, +ND, +Ny, + K, +-h].
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Thi Mai Anh, DINH, and TRAN Ba Tien. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO LEXICAL CONTENTS IN ENGLISH STANDARDIZED TESTS." Vinh University Journal of Science 53, no. 4C (2024): 5–19. https://doi.org/10.56824/vujs.2024c122c.
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This paper aims to critically analyze lexical contents in national English standardized tests in an EFL context. Using the Compleat Lexical Tutor corpus tool, the lexical profiles of these exams are meticulously examined, revealing the distribution of word types, tokens, and word families across various frequency bands. The findings show that the lexical demands in the standardized tests are inconsistent across the examined years, with a predominant emphasis on high-frequency words and recognition-based knowledge. The study concludes by offering recommendations to improve the test design, advocating for a more balanced approach that better reflects the complexities of vocabulary knowledge. Keywords: Vocabulary; lexical profile; word types; test; examination.
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Zulkarnain, Lalu Purnama. "Semantik Leksikal Pantun dalam Sastra Sasak." Jurnal Ilmiah Telaah 8, no. 1 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/telaah.v8i1.13360.
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Lexical semantics of pantu in Sasak literature Semantic studies. This study aims to analyze pantun texts in Sasak literature. By using semantic theory which discusses lexical semantics The problem studied in this study is the use of Sasak rhymes, lexical semantics contained in pantun texts in Sasak literature, namely rhymes for advice, rhymes for youth, and rhymes for religion. This research is a research with a qualitative approach that is descriptive. The analysis aims to collect and describe the lexical semantics found in pantun texts in Sasak literature. The final finding in this study is that there is lexical semantics in each stanza of the pantun. From the lexical semantics, there are several messages in the pantun that are meaningful to listeners or the public.
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Xu, Daming. "Unexceptional Irregularities." Diachronica 10, no. 2 (1993): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.10.2.04xu.
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SUMMARY Using a sociolinguistic methodology the paper investigates the phonetic variation of Mandarin nasal deletion. The results of the analysis show that this variation is constrained by certain phonological, stylistic, social, and lexical factors. The lexical constraint points to the presence of extensive lexical irregularities in the data. Accepting the view that Mandarin nasal variation constitutes a change-in-progress, the results support the hypothesis of lexical diffusion in the implementation of sound change. However, while previous works on lexical diffusion have tended to concentrate on lexical exceptions to phonological rules, the present study discovered lexical irregularities at the level of phonetic variation rather than in the form of phonological exceptions. Its findings carry further the claim of traditional diffusionists in that it supports the argument that all sound changes, including those having a phonologically regular outcome, must go through a lexically gradual process. RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine la variation phonétique de l'élision des nasales en mandarin selon une méthodologie soicolinguistique. Les résultats de cette analyse démontrent que la variation est contrainte par certains facteurs phonologiques, stylistiques, sociaux et lexicaux. Par ailleurs, la contrainte lexicale pointe vers de vastes irrégularités lexicales dans les données. Si l'on présume que la variation des nasales en mandarin représente un changement en cours, les résultats actuels soutiennent l'hypothèse de la diffusion lexicale dans la réalisation du changement phonétique. Des ouvrages antérieures sur la diffusion lexicale ont, cependant, eu tendance à se concentrer sur les exceptions lexicales aux règles phonologiques. En contraste, l'étude présente a trouvé des irrégularités lexicales au niveau de la variation phonétique plutôt que sous formé d'exceptions phonologiques. Cette découverte appuie fortement la proposition que tout changement phonétique, qu'il génère des résultats phonologiques réguliers ou non, doit passer par un processus lexicalement graduel. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Auf Grundlage einer soziolinguistischen Methodologie untersucht der vor-liegende Beitrag den variierenden Wegfall von Nasalen im Mandarin Das Er-gebnis der Analyse zeigt, daß dieser Wegfall durch bestimmte phonologische, stilistische, soziale und lexikalische Faktoren bewirkt wird. Eine starke lexika-lische Einwirkung zeigt sich in den lexikalischen Unregelmäßigkeiten innerhalb der Daten. Ausgehend von der Annahme, daB es sich hier um einen vor sich gehenden Wandel handle, unterstützen die Ergebnisse die Hypothese der 'lexikalischen Diffusion' im Vollzug von Lautwandel. Bisherige Arbeiten zur lexikalischen Diffusion neigten dazu, ihr Augenmerk auf die lexikalischen Aus-nahmen zu phonologischen Regeln zu richten. Im Gegensatz hierzu macht die vorliegende Untersuchung lexikalische Irregularitäten aus, die auf phonetische Variation zurückzuführen sind und nicht auf phonologische Ausnahmen. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem SchluB, daB jeglicher Lautwandel, einschlieBlich derjenige, der zu einem phonologisch regulären Ergebnis führt, einen gradu-ellen lexikalischen Prozeß durchlaufen muß.
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Yumei, Zhou, and Lin Ying. "Lexis in Chinese-English Translation of Drug Package Inserts: Corpus-based Error Analysis and Its Translation Strategies." International Journal of Biomedical Science 6, no. 4 (2010): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2010.6344.
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Error analysis (EA) has been broadly applied to the researches of writing, speaking, second language acquisition (SLA) and translation. This study was carried out based on Carl James' error taxonomy to investigate the distribution of lexical errors in Chinese-English (C-E) translation of drug package inserts (DPIs), explore the underlying causes and propose some translation strategies for correction and reduction of lexical errors in DPIs. A translation corpus consisting of 25 DPIs translated from Chinese into English was established. Lexical errors in the corpus and the error causes were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Some examples were used to analyze the lexical errors and their causes, and some strategies for translating vocabulary in DPIs were proposed according to Eugene Nida's translation theory. This study will not only help translators and medical workers reduce errors in C-E translation of vocabulary in DPIs and other types of medical texts but also shed light on the learning and teaching of C-E translation of medical texts.
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Pachocińska, Elżbieta. "Les valeurs écologiques dans les discours portant sur l’environnement." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 22 (2022): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2022.22.15.
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The article focuses on the analysis of the axiological dimension of ecology-related vocabulary. The following concepts were used to analyze the diversified corpus: lexical-discursive profile, discursive designation and interdiscursive memory. The analyzes show that the concept of the so-called ecological responsibility is the main reference in creating two main axes: good, fair, beneficial vs bad, unfair, unfavorable for humans and the environment / the planet. It has also been observed that valuation begins at the level of definition of a lexical item in linguistic and thematic dictionaries.
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Haudek, Kevin C., Luanna B. Prevost, Rosa A. Moscarella, John Merrill, and Mark Urban-Lurain. "What Are They Thinking? Automated Analysis of Student Writing about Acid–Base Chemistry in Introductory Biology." CBE—Life Sciences Education 11, no. 3 (2012): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.11-08-0084.
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Students’ writing can provide better insight into their thinking than can multiple-choice questions. However, resource constraints often prevent faculty from using writing assessments in large undergraduate science courses. We investigated the use of computer software to analyze student writing and to uncover student ideas about chemistry in an introductory biology course. Students were asked to predict acid–base behavior of biological functional groups and to explain their answers. Student explanations were rated by two independent raters. Responses were also analyzed using SPSS Text Analysis for Surveys and a custom library of science-related terms and lexical categories relevant to the assessment item. These analyses revealed conceptual connections made by students, student difficulties explaining these topics, and the heterogeneity of student ideas. We validated the lexical analysis by correlating student interviews with the lexical analysis. We used discriminant analysis to create classification functions that identified seven key lexical categories that predict expert scoring (interrater reliability with experts = 0.899). This study suggests that computerized lexical analysis may be useful for automatically categorizing large numbers of student open-ended responses. Lexical analysis provides instructors unique insights into student thinking and a whole-class perspective that are difficult to obtain from multiple-choice questions or reading individual responses.
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Prendushi, Gjilda Alimhilli. "Aspect and Verbal Action in Albanian - Activity Verbs." European Journal of Language and Literature 5, no. 1 (2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v5i1.p22-29.
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In this article we introduce and analyze the morfo-syntactic behaviour of activity verbs in standard Albanian.The grouping of verbs by their lexical-semantic meaning deals with the study of the way of presentation of the action development. To the verbal action we refer when we are looking to analyze and classify the lexical meanings of different verbs, which are grouped or separated by the means of word formation. Even in the cases when for the expression of verbal action are used special syntactic constructions, these are, still, as a function of their respective lexical meaning. However, they don`t deal with the grammatical meanings but with the lexical meanings of these constructions. In the case of aspect there are grammatical oppositions, expressed with grammatical means, therefore with different forms of the same verb. The aspect in the Albanian language is realized, above all, by the change of tenses, as amongst the imperfective and the perfective (aorist), instead of the verbal action that, generally, it is not indicated by the means of conjugation. Finally, we will study the meanings related not from individual lexical meaning, but from the general lexical meaning. It is this feature that makes the verbal action in Albanian an objective category, different and distinguishable from the subjective category of aspect .
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Shamahmudova, Aziza, and Sarvaroy Djalilova. "Discourse strategies of ecology and environment." BIO Web of Conferences 84 (2024): 04025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248404025.
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Phraseology, a discipline of linguistics, has as its fundamental purpose to identify and analyze various lexical units that demonstrate certain expressions, postures and behaviors of the speakers. One of these lexical units is the proverb that expresses and perpetuates the wisdom and language of a people. Therefore, the purpose of this article is, firstly, to analyze the most significant theoretical aspects of phraseology and proverbs and, secondly, to interpret a corpus of sayings.
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Ganisher KHUDAYBERGANOV, Marguba KHUDAYBERGANOVA, and Dilyora SOATALIYEVA. "THE LEXICAL ASPECT OF VERBALIZING THE ADVERTISING CONCEPT." UzMU xabarlari 1, no. 1.2.1 (2025): 330–32. https://doi.org/10.69617/nuuz.v1i1.2.1.6671.
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The study explores the lexical aspect of verbalizing the advertising concept, emphasizing the linguistic strategies and lexical tools employed to capture consumer attention and influence behavior. Advertising language serves as a potent instrument for shaping public perception and driving consumer decision-making, yet its lexical intricacies remain underexplored. This research aims to analyze the lexical choices and semantic frameworks that underpin effective advertising messages. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative content analysis of 200 advertising samples across various industries with quantitative lexical frequency analysis. The findings reveal that persuasive advertising relies heavily on emotive and evaluative lexis, metaphorical constructs, and concise, impactful phrases. Moreover, the study identifies distinct lexical patterns, including the frequent use of superlatives, comparative structures, and culturally specific idiomatic expressions, as critical elements in successful advertising campaigns.
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Suryati, Ni Made, I. Nyoman Duana Sutika, and Ni Nyoman Suastini. "Leksikon Kepisangan Bahasa Bali di Kabupaten Karangasem: Kajian Morfo-Sintaksis." Humanis 29, no. 2 (2025): 225. https://doi.org/10.24843/jh.2025.v29.i02.p08.
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This current study is intended to: (1) describe the morphological system of the Balinese banana-related lexicon in Karangasem Regency; (2) analyze its syntactical functions; and (3) describe how colors symbolizing gods determine the use of bananas using the morphological and syntactical theories. The data was obtained from written and oral sources through observation and interview methods, analyzed using distributional method, and its analysis is formally and informally presented. The result of the study shows that: 1) the morphological system of the Balinese banana-related lexicon is categorized into noun, verb, adjective, and derived form resulting from affixational process, reduplication, and asyntactic compound; 2) syntactically, it functions as subject, predicate, object, complement, and adverb; the lexical items referring to the types of bananas total 21; and 3) four banana colors symbolize gods.
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Ezzaouya, Hanae. "Self-Repair and Vocabulary Attrition In English as a Second Language: A Multiple Case Study of Moroccan Non-Native Speakers of English." Working Papers in Language Pedagogy 17 (December 1, 2022): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.61425/wplp.2022.17.23.44.
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The present study examines self-repair produced in free speech by Moroccan speakers of English as a second language. It essentially compares self-repair strategies of proficient second language speakers with self-repair strategies of low-level speakers who also identify as attriters, focusing primarily on productive vocabulary knowledge. Silent films were used as the prompt for L2 output. To analyze the data, self-repair instances were identified, color- coded, then classified on the basis of three categories: hesitation pauses, lexical and quasi-lexical speech fillers, and full and partial repetitions. The study concluded that in the given context of the research, self-repair was prevalent amongst all four participants, though with varying degrees. It also showed that the most used categories of self-repair were full and partial repetitions as well as lexical and quasi-lexical speech fillers. The comparative analysis showed a possible link between self-repair, length of the disuse period where attrition occurred, productive vocabulary size, and the level of proficiency in English as a second language. The qualitative analysis revealed differences in the underlying reasons for the participants’ use of self-repair. Proficient speakers mainly employed self-repair to compensate for false starts, while the attriters employed self-repair to achieve lexical attainment and/or to exert lexical replacement. The paper draws on literature on vocabulary knowledge, the bilingual mental lexicon, self-repair, and second language attrition to show that studying self-repair is important in the context of second language learning and second language attrition as it adds to our understanding of the learners’ cognitive processes and has implications for language pedagogy.
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Ali, Sri Widyarti. "Lexical Devices in Political Speech (A Study on Gorontalo Mayoral Election 2018)." Jambura Journal of English Teaching and Literature 1, no. 2 (2020): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jetl.v1i2.7282.
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The use of language in political campaign speech is always interesting to be observed. It mostly contains language features which are intended to convince or persuade people to vote someone into power. Therefore, the language used in political speech has always attracted linguist’ attention to conduct the study of political discourse. This study is aimed to identify and analyze the lexical devices in political campaign speech delivered by the politicians in Gorontalo mayoral election 2018. The data of the lexical cohesive devices are analyzed based on the theory of lexical cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan in 1976. Halliday and Hasan have divided the lexical cohesion into two types; reiteration and collocation. Furthermore, the reiteration has four sub-types; repetition, synonym/near synonym, superordinate, and general word. The data identification reveals that the reiteration and the collocation are both found in the speeches. They are successfully used as the tools to deliver the speakers purposes and intentions. Hopefully, this study gives more knowledge and insight to others, especially to the language learners, about how the lexical devices are used in political speeches, and more importantly about how language plays its roles to make people get convinced and persuaded.