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1
Zakharova, K. "LAW TERMS: LEXICAL-SEMANTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION." International Humanitarian University Herald. Philology 2, no. 50 (2021): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32841/2409-1154.2021.50-2.20.
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CUPPINI, CRISTIANO, ELISA MAGOSSO, and MAURO URSINO. "Learning the lexical aspects of a second language at different proficiencies: A neural computational study." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2012): 266–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000617.
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We present an original model designed to study how a second language (L2) is acquired in bilinguals at different proficiencies starting from an existing L1. The model assumes that the conceptual and lexical aspects of languages are stored separately: conceptual aspects in distinct topologically organized Feature Areas, and lexical aspects in a single Lexical Network. Lexical and semantic aspects are then linked together during Hebbian learning phases by presenting L2 lexical items and their L1 translation equivalents. The model hypothesizes the existence of a competitive mechanism to solve conflicts and simulate language switching tasks. Results demonstrate that, at the beginning of training, an L2 lexicon must parasitize its L1 equivalent to access its conceptual meaning. At intermediate proficiency, L2 items may evoke their semantics independently of L1, but with a high risk of interference. At higher proficiency, the L2 representation becomes progressively similar to the L1 representation, according to Green's (2003) convergence hypothesis.
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Stella, Massimo. "Cohort and Rhyme Priming Emerge from the Multiplex Network Structure of the Mental Lexicon." Complexity 2018 (September 17, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6438702.
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Complex networks recently opened new ways for investigating how language use is influenced by the mental representation of word similarities. This work adopts the framework of multiplex lexical networks for investigating lexical retrieval from memory. The focus is on priming, i.e., exposure to a given stimulus facilitating or inhibiting retrieval of a given lexical item. Supported by recent findings of network distance influencing lexical retrieval, the multiplex network approach tests how the layout of hundreds of thousands of word-word similarities in the mental lexicon can lead to priming effects on multiple combined semantic and phonological levels. Results provide quantitative evidence that phonological priming effects are encoded directly in the multiplex structure of the mental representation of words sharing phonemes either in their onsets (cohort priming) or at their ends (rhyme priming). By comparison with randomised null models, both cohort and rhyming effects are found to be emerging properties of the mental lexicon arising from its multiplexity. These priming effects are absent on individual layers but become prominent on the combined multiplex structure. The emergence of priming effects is displayed both when only semantic layers are considered, an approximated representation of the so-called semantic memory, and when semantics is enriched with phonological similarities, an approximated representation of the lexical-auditory nature of the mental lexicon. Multiplex lexical networks can account for connections between semantic and phonological information in the mental lexicon and hence represent a promising modelling route for shedding light on the interplay between multiple aspects of language and human cognition in synergy with experimental psycholinguistic data.
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Rafida, Tien. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON LEXICAL RELATIONS IN PUJAKESUMA LANGUAGE." JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics Literature and Language Teaching) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v4i2.754.
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Human beings need language as their communication because language as the branch of linguistic. When all people speak in a communication is a process and then, there must be both sender and receiver. Sometimes, all people only talk interaction not only directly interact and something more meaningless. In the branch of linguistics, semantic is the study about all the aspects of meaning outside the grammatical of language which different with morphology and syntax that concern with grammatical of language. In this paper, the writer interest to discuss about semantic analysis on lexical in Pujakesuma because semantics is one of the important aspect in linguistics and lexical of Javanese society nomads in Sumatera Utara (Pujakesuma) is also have different meaning to be analyzed.
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Slaba, Oksana, Yaroslava Padalko, Olena Vasylenko, and Larysa Parfenova. "Functional Aspects of Interlingual Borrowings: Current Challenges." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.22.
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A particular status of the English language as the language of international communication and connections between the nearly related English and German languages resulted in the emergence of many interlingual borrowings in the Modern English and German language vocabularies. The paper aims to consider the functioning of borrowings (loanwords) in the English and German languages. To reach the aim of the research and to carry out the tasks assigned, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, the method of correlation, componential analysis and, comparative semantic analysis. The paper focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the German and English interaction. Special attention is paid to clarifying the notion of borrowing in modern linguistic science. The word-formative calques and half-calques (hybrids), which differ from ordinary lexical borrowings by using partially borrowed lexical material, are identified in addition to direct lexical borrowings in the language subsystem under study. The paper demonstrates the significant influence of English borrowings on the structural-semantic qualities of German words, on various semantic changes, as well as on the participation of loanwords in the lexico-semantic variation: synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. The results of the research can also be used in the teaching and learning of both languages, in the course of lexicology or linguistics.
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Chen, Ying, and Zhuo Jing-Schmidt. "The Mandarin LVS construction: Verb lexical semantics and grammatical aspect." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0029.
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AbstractTwo empirical studies – a verb elicitation experiment and a collostructional analysis – were conducted to investigate the Mandarin LVS construction with respect to the lexical semantics of the verb and its collocation with grammatical aspect. Converging evidence from both studies indicates strong schematicity and productivity in the verb category of the LVS construction. Although most exemplars fall into a few major lexical semantic clusters, there are more low-frequency marginal exemplars than previously recognized, reinforcing the constructional schema in an essentially radial category. In addition to the lexical semantic regularity of the verb slot, both studies showed the existence of high-frequency tokens with prototype status. As far as grammatical aspect is concerned, the converging evidence indicates that the LVS category is compatible not only with the durative aspect, but also with the perfective as well as the resultative and directional lexical aspect. The attraction of grammatical aspect to the verb of LVS is graded rather than absolute, with some mutual selection patterns more typical than others. The two grammatical aspects as marked by the durative -zhe and the perfective -le are non-interchangeable.
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Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco José, and Ricardo Mairal Usón. "Challenging Systems of Lexical Representation." Journal of English Studies 5 (May 29, 2008): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.136.
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The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of some of the most relevant heuristic parameters that have been used for the organization of the lexicon in a representative sample of formal, functional and cognitive models. In connection with this, we address the following theoretical issues: (i) the nature of the metalanguage that should be used as part of a lexical representation theory; (ii) the actual scope of the representation, that is, whether a lexical entry should only capture those aspects of the word that have syntactic visibility or should go beyond that and include richer semantic decompositions together with encyclopedic information; (iii) the type of formalism involved in the description of meaning for the design of robust technological applications. In the light of this discussion, we will present a sample model of lexical description called lexical templates. Lexical templates draw insights both from models with a stronger syntactic orientation (e.g. RRG’s logical structures) and from accounts where semantic description is more important (e.g. Frame Semantics). A lexical template consists of two different modules both of which are based on a universal abstract semantic metalanguage. The resulting templates have two parts: (i) the semantic module which makes use of lexical functions and (ii) the logical representation or Aktionsart module, which is inspired in the inventory of logical structures posited in RRG. Worthy of note is also the fact that this paper lays out the foundations for a reconversion of the inventory of lexical functions in terms of Pustejovsky’s qualiae. Thus, lexical templates are now built on the basis of a new, more robust formalism with greater explanatory and representational capacity.
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Demenchuk, Oleh. "Towards a Typology of Lexical Semantic Derivation Models: Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Aspects." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 28, no. 2 (November 8, 2020): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-28-2-8-23.
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Objective. The paper focuses on lexical semantic derivation models and the ways they are explicated in experiential vocabulary. The study substantiates linguistic and psycholinguistic features of the models in the contrastive aspect (based on the Ukrainian and Polish languages).
Materials and Methods. The material for the analysis is the Ukrainian and Polish adjectives-stimuli that represent the concepts of experiential situation. The psycholinguistic validity of the models is verified based on the results of associative experiments. The results are supposed to help establish types of associations that underlie the experiential vocabulary extensions.
Results. The study appeals to the conceptions that uphold the idea of a dynamic conceptualization of the world of discourse (of a certain situation or its fragment). On that ground, the lexical semantic derivation models are considered as theoretical constructs that represent information on derivational strategies in Ukrainian and Polish. Such an approach has allowed not only to reveal cognitive mechanisms that underlie lexical (experiential) items’ semantic extensions but also to systematize the semantic shifts that occur in the contrasted languages. The extensions are considered within four lexical semantic derivation models: componential (the level of semantic components and their configurations), actantial (the level of predicate-actant structures), topological (the level of image-schema transformations) and constructional (the level of lexical constructions).
Conclusions. The results show the relevance of both linguistic and psycholinguistic modelling in analysis of lexical semantic derivation. The choice of a semantic derivation strategy correlates with an informant’s response to a word-stimulus. The similarities and differences in semantic shifts are determined by constraints that set limits on the target situation extensions.
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Chris Ajibade, Adetuyi,, and Adeniran, Adeola Adetomilayo. "Aspects of Semantics of Standard British English and Nigerian English: A Contrastive Study." English Linguistics Research 6, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v6n3p5.
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The concept of meaning is a complex one in language study when cultural features are added. This is mandatory because language cannot be completely separated from culture in which case language and culture complement each other. When there are two varieties of a language in a society, i.e. two varieties functioning side by side in a speech community, there is tendency for misconception. It is therefore imperative to make a linguistic comparative study of varieties of such languages. In this paper, a semantic contrastive study is made between Standard British English (SBE) and Nigerian English (NE). The semantic study is limited to aspects of semantics: semantic extension (Kinship terms, metaphors), semantic shift (lexical items considered are ‘drop’ ‘befriend’ ‘dowry’ and escort) acronyms (NEPA, JAMB, NTA) linguistic borrowing or loan words (Seriki, Agbada, Eba, Dodo, Iroko) coinages (long leg, bush meat; bottom power and juju). In the study of these aspects of semantics of SBE and NE lexical terms, conservative statements are made, problems areas and hierarchy of difficulties are highlighted with a view to bringing out areas of differences. The study will also serve as a guide in further contrastive studies in some other levels of languages.
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Bednárová-Gibová, K. "Synonymic Traps in Selected English Lexical Semantics Terms." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-4-754-760.
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The paper zooms in on terminological and conceptual scrutiny of selected eight English lexical semantics terms with the aim of pointing out their terminological synonymy, which is often misrecognized by English linguistics undergraduates. Does a ‘loose synonym’ denote in lexical semantics the same thing as a ‘partial synonym’ or ‘cognitive synonym’? Is the cognitive content of the term ‘false friend’ identical with that of a ‘pseudosynonym’ or ‘paronym’? What aspects of the semantic continuum are shared and non-shared by the selected terms? These questions are at the core of this contribution which can serve didactic purposes of English linguistics teaching. The desk research findings are part of semantic and lexicographic studies and aspire to forewarn English linguistics undergraduates of conceptual misinterpretations in common lexical semantics terms. The paper operates from the perspective of cultural linguistics across the Anglophone semantic continuum. It is based on a tailored Sharifian’s premise [2015] that the metalanguage of English lexical semantics is a repository of cultural conceptualizations that leave traces in its current terminological practice. The study suggests that some English lexical semantics terms offer a considerable space for their synonymic treatment, however, to the detriment of their correct conceptual decoding. The credit of the paper lies in raising undergraduates’ awareness of metalinguistic terminology but also in increasing their conceptual fluency in the selected terms.
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Derdzakyan, Hripsime A. "Functional Category of Aspectuality in the Russian And English Languages." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-1-41-60.
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This article studies functional and semantic Tense/Aspect complexes in Russian and English, focusing on their similarities and differences. In Russian, Tense-Aspect meanings of the verb forms correlate with the semantic components of Aktionsart, while in English both Imperfective and Perfective aspects of the verb semantics are realized by the constituent category of Tense/Aspect. The inner asymmetry of the verb forms and meanings is acknowledged for each of the contrastive languages, especially for the two languages compared. The material of the study is retrieved from grammar books and manuals and from literary text samples, principally concerns the use of Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb and the forms of the English Perfect. The novelty impact of the study is determined by focusing on the irregularity of the aspectual meanings of English Perfect forms and Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb, whereas they are mostly due to lexical meanings of the verbs influenced by intralinguistic specificities of the semantics of lexical indicators as well as mechanisms of communication on the whole. Aspectual meanings both for the Perfective and Imperfective Aspect in languages under comparison used to make up lexical and grammatical aspectual categorical complexes. In terms of Aspect and Tense, peculiarities are found as functional and semantic ones, highly dependent on the situation and context of communication, thus involving extralinguistic factors which also concern the extralinguistic environment of Tense/Aspect verbal forms in use. The comparison of functions and the semantics of Aspect and Aktionsart in the Russian language with those of English Perfect asymmetry is proved to emerge, being caused by cross-linguistic structural and typological differences, particularly, the existence or not the similar forms, their varying semantic load, analytical or synthetic tendencies and others. The asymmetry is especially vividly seen translation and lexicographic field to compose varying kinds of bilingual dictionaries.
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Babenko, L. G. "Types of Lexical Sets in Structural-Semantic, Cognitive-Discursive and Lexicographic Coverage: Dynamics of Interpretations." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 9–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-9-9-47.
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The dynamics of understanding lexical sets in theoretical and practical aspects over the past 50 years is provided, highlighting the main stages of their identification, study and interpretation features in the light of various scientific approaches: structural-semantic, functional-linguistic, cognitive-discourse, lexicographic, determining the system of principles of their identification, formation of the composition and description of the structural organization. The results of a multidimensional study of lexical sets of different types as an integral dynamic system, that have received multiple interpretations both in theoretical research and in ideographic dictionaries, are presented. The following types of sets are considered: lexical-semantic, functional-lexical, denotative-ideographic, semantic-syntactic, complex lexical-phraseological, synonymous-antonymic, conceptual-discursive. The research is carried out on the material of ideographic dictionaries created by lexicographers of the Ural Semantic School. Examples of descriptions of linguistic and speech sets with emotive semantics presented in a series of these dictionaries are used as illustrative material. The study showed that over half a century, lexical set theory has advanced significantly due to the situation of polyparadigmality in linguistics. It is noted that in such circumstances, different approaches to the study of sets of language and speech units were formed, the identification of fundamentally new semantic associations was substantiated, their typology was developed, the sources, factors and principles of their formation were characterized.
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Benő, Attila. "Lexical Borrowing, Categorization, and Mental Representation." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0028.
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AbstractThe article argues that lexical borrowing is not only motivated by cultural factors linked to prestige or economical aspects but also by the speakers’ need for new lexical-semantic categories and for highly expressive metaphorical terms to operate with, which makes them borrow words. The semantic changes of the lexical borrowings point to the creation of new items in the semantic fields of the receiving language. The integration of borrowings into Hungarian and Romanian exemplifies these processes.
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Perek, Florent, and Martin Hilpert. "A distributional semantic approach to the periodization of change in the productivity of constructions." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 490–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16128.per.
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Abstract This paper describes a method to automatically identify stages of language change in diachronic corpus data, combining variability-based neighbour clustering, which offers objective and reproducible criteria for periodization, and distributional semantics as a representation of lexical meaning. This method partitions the history of a grammatical construction according to qualitative stages of productivity corresponding to different semantic sets of lexical items attested in it. Two case studies are presented. The first case study on the hell-construction (“Verb the hell out of NP”) shows that the semantic development of a construction does not always match that of its quantitative aspects, like token or type frequency. The second case study on the way-construction compares the results of the present method with those of collostructional analysis. It is shown that the former measures semantic changes and their chronology with greater precision. In sum, this method offers a promising approach to exploring semantic variation in the lexical fillers of constructions and to modelling constructional change.
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Woutersen, Mirjam, Albert Cox, Bert Weltens, and Kees De Bot. "Lexical aspects of standard dialect bilingualism." Applied Psycholinguistics 15, no. 4 (October 1994): 447–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400006871.
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ABSTRACTWeinreich (1953) distinguished three types of bilingualism: the compound, the coordinate, and the subordinative. In this article, we use his partition to describe the effects of a small typological distance on the organization of the bilingual lexicon. In order to do so, two relatively closely related varieties were used, standard Dutch and the dialect of Maastricht. Subjects had to carry out an auditory lexical decision task using the repetition priming paradigm. Stimuli under investigation were cognates and noncognates. There were two age groups (13 and 17 years old) and two language backgrounds (standard Dutch and Maastricht dialect). The results indicated no differences depending on age. With regard to language background, no interlingual repetition priming was found for the dialect speakers. However, in contrast with earlier findings on visual repetition priming, there were interlingual repetition effects not only for the cognates, but also for the noncognates when the standard speakers were concerned. Therefore, we concluded that, at least in the auditory modality, the dialect speakers in question are coordinate bilinguals and the standard speakers are subordinative bilinguals. Finally, it is shown that Weinreich's model in his pure form leads to unexplainable processes in language acquisition. For that reason, his distinctions are incorporated into the lexico-semantic model of Levelt (1989).
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Romanchenko, A. P., and V. А. Kanazirska. "COLLOQUIAL VOCABULARY OF SOUTHERN BESSARABIA AND MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.235515.
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The study of the dialectal vocabulary of the southern regions of the Dniester and the Danube is still relevant for modern dialectology. This territory is an area of late formation with complex multidirectional and different-time interdialectal and interlingual interactions. The purpose of this article is to compare the names of clothes in the dialect of the village Plakhtiivka (Odessa region) and the nationwide Ukrainian language. The object of research is dialectal names of clothes, and the subject is phonetic and semantic aspects of the specified vocabulary. A descriptive method (to characterize the names of clothes), component analysis (to establish the semantics of the studied vocabulary) and comparative method (to identify common and different in dialect and modern Ukrainian language) were used in the process of studying colloquial vocabulary. The source base of the study contains field recordings of colloquial speech, made on a special questionnaire. The theoretical value of the obtained results lies in the systematization of common and different in phonetic and semantic aspects, and the practical value - in the potential use of the results in classes on dialectology and lexicology and in lexicographic practice. The study describes lexical items of four lexical and semantic groups: "Names of men's clothing", "Names of women's clothing", "Names of men's accessories" and "Names of women's accessories". In a comparative aspect 18 lexical items are considered. At the phonetic and lexical levels a significant number of lexical items different from the modern Ukrainian language have been found. Most of the meanings of the analyzed lexical items coincide with those recorded in the nationwide language. However, there are some differences that constitute the specifics of the dialect. The considered colloquial vocabulary is valuable for enriching the empirical base of Ukrainian dialectology and preserving dialect names in the annals of the Ukrainian language.
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Karbovnik, I. V. "Latin clinical veterinary terminology: word-formation, lexical-semantic and syntactic aspects." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 86 (February 26, 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8631.
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The article is devoted to the research of the Latin medical-veterinary clinical terminology system – one of the subsystems of general medical-veterinary terminology. The ways of formation of the Latin Sublanguage of clinical veterinary medicine are analyzed, sources of its replenishment are determined; It was discovered that most of the terms are composed using terms of Greek-Latin origin, which is a decisive trend in the development of the terminology of veterinary medicine and in our time.It is investigated that for the modern terminological word formation of clinical veterinary vocabulary all main methods are typical, by means of which the vocabulary of the veterinary doctor is replenished: semantical, syntactical, morphological. In the article a word-formation, lexical-semantic and syntactical analysis of the Latin clinical veterinary terminology was made for the first time; the main word-building models are described, the derivation processes, word-formation fortresses of the Latin clinical veterinary terms are described and the complex of methods of their word-formation are analyzed;defined the status and semantic characteristics of formants– components of the term; the lexical-semantic features of the studied terminology are revealed; attention was paid to etymology, the phenomenon of derivation and the most productive affixes and term elements in the structure of one-word clinical veterinary terms.The systematization of term elements according to thematic groups that are in a certain lexical-semantic relationship is carried out, namely: termelements, which denote the names of sciences, treatment, methods of diagnostic examination, surgical techniques; word-formation elements for the designation of organs of animals and tissues; therapeutic methods, names of pathological changes of organs and tissues; term elements that denote various physical properties, quality, color, size; word-formation elements to denote functional changes, processes, and states.The attention is paid to the morphological and syntactical structure of single, dual, and verbose clinical terms with different types of definitions. We consider one of the most important tasks of modern linguistics - not only to fix, study and analyze lexical-semantic innovation processes in terminology, but also codify the terminology system itself. Therefore, one of the priority directions of terminological work in the field of veterinary medicine at the present stage is the normalization of clinical terminology, that is, the revision of the terminology system in accordance with the conceptual basis and norms of the Latin and Ukrainian scientific languages. As the most important aspect, we consider the development of a single concept of terminology, which uses the experience and positive achievements of scientists of different generations.Provision of linguistic normative terms should take place at all levels – both conceptual and actual language – phonetic, orthoepic, spelling, lexical-semantic, word-building, morphological, syntactical.
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Koriakowcewa, Elena, Larisa Ratsiburskaya, and Marina Sandakova. "Intensifiers in the Language of the 21st Century: Word-Building, Semantics, Syntagmatics and Dynamics of Evalution." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 5 (January 2022): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.5.1.
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The article considers the categories of evaluation and intensity in cognitive and pragmatic aspects. The purpose of the research is to establish the relationship between the categories of evaluation and intensity based on the material of word-building and lexical-semantic units from lexicographic sources and media and fiction texts. As a result of the research, word-building and lexical-semantic intensifiers are characterized by the use of word-building, semantic and contextual methods. The article shows such kinds of intensifiers as affixes and affixoides in neoderivatives, neoderivatives created on the base of reduplication. The article shows the estimated ambivalence of dimensional-evaluative affixes, in connection with pragmatic conditions, context and semantics of productive base. The article describes such an extension of the functional range of intensifiers as oxymoron quality and ambivalence of lexical intensifiers. The functions of the intensifiers (pragmatic and stylistic) are defined. The repeatability of syntagmatic bias models indicates the dynamics of evaluation in the class of lexical intensifiers in the Russian language of the modern period. The phenomena described in the article generally show the development of the semantic category of intensity in the Russian language of the 21 st century, which is expressed in the dynamics of its components, such as word-building means, word-building units, lexical units.
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S. Al-Dobaian, Abdullah. "Arabic Lexical Phrases." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.5.p.52.
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The Arabic traditional grammar as well as Chomsky’s mainstream theory may not be able to provide a good analysis of some fixed Arabic phrases. The challenge of such data directly stems from the fact that the general syntactic rules assumed by the two opposing theories cannot explain the syntactic and the semantic aspects of the fixed Arabic data. I argue that the Construction Grammar provides an adequate account that does not rely on syntactic structure alone, as assumed by the mainstream theory or the Arabic traditional grammar, but rather it links phonological, syntactic, and semantic information together in one basic construction by means of some correspondence rules. The Arabic data proves that there is a strong need for a linguistic theory that takes into consideration all data of different range of productivity.
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Pelawi, Bena Yusuf. "Aspek Semantik dan Pragmatik dalam Penerjemahan." Lingua Cultura 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v3i2.341.
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Research deployed translation issues, mainly concerning from semantic and pragmatic aspects. Discussion was started by stating the importance of linguistic aspects comprehended and applied by a translator, such as grammar, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. Research presented six meaning problems in translation, those related to lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, contextual meaning or situational meaning, textual meaning, socio-cultural meaning, and idiomatic meaning. It can be concluded that the ability to apply linguistic aspect both from the source and targeted languages take important role to produce a good translation.
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Khamidova, Muborak. "PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF FRENCH AND UZBEK DEOPOETONYMS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/4/5.
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Introduction. In world onomatology, the weight of research devoted to the study of the lexicon of the French language, including the basics of the origin of deopoetonyms, structural and semantic conditioning, the scope of use in comparison with other languages is growing. As a logical consequence, the comparison of linguistic-stylistic, poetonymic, gender features of the French and Uzbek deopoetonyms in the language lexical-semantic, national-cultural, literary text has gained priority and relevance in the field of linguistics. Indeed, the definition of the semantic and stylistic potential of these units, the interpretation of general and differential motivational aspects of naming within different systematic languages serve to improve the system of representation of deopoetonyms in dictionaries, to determine the laws of functional equivalence and adequacy in the translation process. Research methods. In the use of words expressing the names of natural phenomena in literary texts, their special reliance on linguocognitive and linguocultural semantics is more clearly understood in the process of translation. In particular, reliance on denotative semaphores rather than expressive semaphores of deemoetonyms in artistic texts is one of the important aspects of the poetic skill of creators. This is especially the case in poetic texts. The translation process should take into account the etymology, methodological features, derivational properties, semantics (synonymy), formality (homonymy), ambiguity (polysemantic), hierarchy (graduonymic), semantic contradiction (antonymicity), etc. will be. When direct and indirect translations of some poetic texts written in French are observed, it becomes clear that deopoetonyms are preserved and expressed at different levels in them. Results and discussion. In dictionaries deopoetonyms are given in the system of el-yagyn names, but in the dictionaries compiled later their etymology, linguistic meanings, lexical-semantic semantics, formality, antonyms, hyphenation, hierarchical formation, methodological features, derivational properties, diachronic and synchronous forms, vital giving features such as denotative, connotative expression on the basis of concepts is necessary to achieve perfection of lexicographic interpretation. Conclusion. It is natural that there are still some problems with the lexicographic interpretation of deopoetonyms, which will cause some problems in the smooth implementation of translation work in this regard. Such problems are especially evident in the presentation of lexical graduonomic series related to them, in the expression of close concepts, connotative and denotative meanings
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Brown, Colin, and Peter Hagoort. "The Processing Nature of the N400: Evidence from Masked Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 5, no. 1 (January 1993): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1993.5.1.34.
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The N400 is an endogenous event-related brain potential (ERP) that is sensitive to semantic processes during language comprehension. The general question we address in this paper is which aspects of the comprehension process are manifest in the N400. The focus is on the sensitivity of the N400 to the automatic process of lexical access, or to the controlled process of lexical integration. The former process is the reflex-like and effortless behavior of computing a form representation of the linguistic signal, and of mapping this representation onto corresponding entries in the mental lexicon. The latter process concerns the integration of a spoken or written word into a higher-order meaning representation of the context within which it occurs. ERPs and reaction times (RTs) were acquired to target words preceded by semantically related and unrelated prime words. The semantic relationship between a prime and its target has been shown to modulate the amplitude of the N400 to the target. This modulation can arise from lexical access processes, reflecting the automatic spread of activation between words related in meaning in the mental lexicon. Alternatively, the N400 effect can arise from lexical integration processes, reflecting the relative ease of meaning integration between the prime and the target. To assess the impact of automatic lexical access processes on the N400, we compared the effect of masked and unmasked presentations of a prime on the N400 to a following target. Masking prevents perceptual identification, and as such it is claimed to rule out effects from controlled processes. It therefore enables a stringent test of the possible impact of automatic lexical access processes on the N400. The RT study showed a significant semantic priming effect under both unmasked and masked presentations of the prime. The result for masked priming reflects the effect of automatic spreading of activation during the lexical access process. The ERP study showed a significant N400 effect for the unmasked presentation condition, but no such effect for the masked presentation condition. This indicates that the N400 is not a manifestation of lexical access processes, but reflects aspects of semantic integration processes.
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Duque, Anna Clara Mota, Larissa Monteiro, Carla Salati Almeida Ghirello-Pires, Igor Lima Maldonado, Igor Aloisio Garcez Zamilute, Bernardo Rodrigues, and Ailton Melo. "Hemisphere stroke: impact on the semantic lexical aspects of language." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 207 (August 2021): 106722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106722.
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Calaraş, Svetlana. "Insights into Lexico-Semantic Fields of Romanian Editorial-Polygraphic Terms." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Political Sciences & European Studies 6, no. 1 (December 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenpses/6.1/16.
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Due to the dynamic nature of the vocabulary, we can argue that any lexico-semantic field can be unlimited, has no rigid boundaries, which leads to difficulties in establishing semantic relationships between the constituent units of a semantic field, and the second problem arising from this phenomenon would be the establishment of the inventory of a semantic field. Thus, the system that is the objective of our research consists of the units of "inventory" (terms) and the relationships between its constituent elements, and the fluctuation of the boundaries of a semantic field that leads to difficulties in the limiting it and in the rigorous composition of the inventory semantically. Not all words in the vocabulary can be grouped into lexico-semantic fields, only those that are organized and stable. A semantic field also corresponds to a certain grammatical category - gender, number, time, aspect, mode, etc., and the oppositions between the members of a lexical-semantic field correspond to the oppositions of their grammatical categories. Therefore, in order to practically approach the structuring of a lexico-semantic field, a theoretical and methodological incursion in structural semantics is absolutely necessary. We consider that the reflections regarding the concept of lexical field are absolutely fundamental in order to be able to try to structure such linguistic fields in a certain field, in our case - in the editorial-polygraphic field.
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Abduvaliev, Maxammatjon Arabovich, Valijon Abduvahobovich Vositov, Abdurashid Isaqovich Ismoilov, Bahromjon Abduraimovich Saidov, and Ahmadbek Sohibjon Uglj Bozorbekov. "Investigation of the Lexical-Semantic Field of “Joy”/ “Shod-Xurramlik” in English and Uzbek Languages." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i8.2975.
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The article deals with structural-semantic, stylistic-functional,linguopragmatic and linguocultural aspects of the constituents of the lexical-semantic field of “joy”/ “shod-xurramlik” in English and Uzbek.
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MAINELA-ARNOLD, ELINA, and JULIA L. EVANS. "Do statistical segmentation abilities predict lexical-phonological and lexical-semantic abilities in children with and without SLI?" Journal of Child Language 41, no. 2 (February 21, 2013): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000736.
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ABSTRACTThis study tested the predictions of the procedural deficit hypothesis by investigating the relationship between sequential statistical learning and two aspects of lexical ability, lexical-phonological and lexical-semantic, in children with and without specific language impairment (SLI). Participants included forty children (ages 8;5–12;3), twenty children with SLI and twenty with typical development. Children completed Saffran's statistical word segmentation task, a lexical-phonological access task (gating task), and a word definition task. Poor statistical learners were also poor at managing lexical-phonological competition during the gating task. However, statistical learning was not a significant predictor of semantic richness in word definitions. The ability to track statistical sequential regularities may be important for learning the inherently sequential structure of lexical-phonological, but not as important for learning lexical-semantic knowledge. Consistent with the procedural/declarative memory distinction, the brain networks associated with the two types of lexical learning are likely to have different learning properties.
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Mahmadiev, Sh. "Linguistic Properties Of Proverbs Used In Uzbek Folk Epics." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue10-51.
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The article examines the functional-semantic and methodological features of proverbs specific to the text of epics. It focuses on dialectal proverbs, their variants, scope and lexical-semantic aspects.
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Gamerschlag, Thomas. "Semantic and structural aspects of complement control in Korean." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 47 (January 1, 2007): 81–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.47.2007.346.
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In this article, I will present a survey of control structures in Korean. The survey is based on a sample of seventy SOA-argument-taking predicates, which are classified with respect to their complementation patterns and control properties. As a result, Korean is characterized as a language in which semantically determined control is predominant, whereas constructionally induced control is only marginal. In the discussion of the sample, I will show that there are two major classes of verbs exhibiting semantic control: the first class consists of matrix verbs such as hwuhoyhata 'regret' or kangyohata 'force', which require obligatory coreference between a matrix argument and the embedded subject due to their lexical meaning. The verbs of the second class are utterance verbs such as malhata 'tell', which select clauses headed by the quotative complementizer ko. With these verbs, subject, object, or split control arises if specific modal suffixes are attached to the verb heading the complement clause. In the second part of the paper, I will provide a lexical analysis of control in Korean, which adopts the Principle of Controller Choice proposed by Farkas (1988) as well as additional constraints which have to be assumed independently.
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KUMAEVA, M. V. "VOCABULARY OF FOOD IN THE FOLK TALES OF THE MANSI." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (July 16, 2018): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-195-201.
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Semantic layers of everyday vocabulary cover many aspects of human existence. All life realities are reflected in the oral folk art, including the vocabulary of food. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that this theme in Mansi philology is insufficiently studied. The vocabulary of food in the Mansi fairy-tale texts is considered for the first time. The objective of the work is to identify and classify the food vocabulary, reflected in the texts of the folk tales, by lexical and semantic groups. The research used the lexico-semantic analysis and the method of observation as well as the linguistic and cultural approach. The author identified the following lexical and semantic groups: products ‘ehlmkholasn yuv- tehne hkhurip utyt’, food production (hunting and fishing) ‘rupatal katn pattyn tehnut (vorayan os khul alyss'lan varmal')’, the names of household utensils, tableware related to food ‘tehnut syopitan kolkivyr pormasyt’, cooking methods ‘tehnut syopitaneh varmal'’.
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Voloshynova, Maryna. "East Slobozhansk names of utensils and kitchen utensils: a dynamic aspect." Linguistics, no. 1 (42) (2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2020-1-42-4-15.
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In the article, based on the actual material of recorded 61 dialects of the Luhansk region, it has been conducted a lexical and semantic study of the Easten Slobodian names of crockery and kitchen utensils. During the exploration the functional activity of the identified representatives has been established. The comparative analysis of the recorded names with the lexical material of other dialect continuums of the Ukrainian language has been carried out that’s made it possible to track the parallel names with different phonetic design, the nomens with the different, identical or similar semantics. In the light of the definition of the dynamic trends it has been stated that the lexical units can show constancy in two chronological sections which is manifested in the immutability of semantics over the course of the whole century. It has also been observed the updating of the lexicon associated with the increase in the nominative series on the modern chronological cross-section that occurred due to the presence of the grammatical and word-forming variants of lexemes, the expansion of the semantic structure of some nomens that simultaneously function as the representatives of several semes. Sometimes the vocabulary demonstrates the process of gradual archaization as far as the nomens available in the register of the ancient lexicographic work are absent both in the dialects under the consideration and in the dialects of other dialects.
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Leptuga, O., and O. I. Babayevа. "Problems of modeling the lexical-semantic field: pragmatic and communicative aspects." Science and Education a New Dimension VII(192), no. 32 (February 20, 2019): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-hs2019-192vii32-13.
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Murphy, M. Lynne. "Semantic, pragmatic and lexical aspects of the measure phrase + adjective construction." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 38, no. 1 (January 2006): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2006.10412204.
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Hao, Yuxin, Xun Duan, and Lu Zhang. "Processing Aspectual Agreement in an Inflexionless Language: An ERP Study of Mandarin Chinese." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091236.
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This is a study of the collocation of Chinese verbs with different lexical aspects and aspect markers. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we explored the processing of aspect violation sentences. In the experiment, we combined verbs of various lexical aspect types with the progressive aspect marker zhe, and the combination of the achievement verbs and the progressive aspect marker zhe constituted the sentence’s aspect violation. The participants needed to judge whether a sentence was correct after it was presented. Finally, we observed and analyzed the components of ERPs. The results suggest that when the collocation of aspect markers and lexical aspect is ungrammatical, the N400-like and P600 are elicited on aspect markers, while the late AN is elicited by the word after the aspect marker. P600 and N400-like show that the collocation of Chinese verbs with various lexical aspects and aspect markers involve not only syntactic processing, but also the semantic processing; and the late AN may have been due to the syntax revision and the conclusion at the end of sentences.
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Sinyachkin, Vladimir P., and Merve G. Dogan. "Linguoculturological aspect of the interlanguage homonymy of the Russian and Turkish languages." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 2, no. 6 (November 2021): 176–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-21.176.
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The article is devoted to the issue of interlanguage homonymy in the Russian and Turkish languages. Focus is given to the types of interlanguage homonyms. Emphasis is placed on the most commonly used interlanguage homonyms, which can cause interference in communication. Consideration is given to a linguo-didactic and linguo-cultural aspects: lexical-grammatical and lexical-semantic analysis of interlanguage homonyms allow us to identify their origin, phonetic form, and semantic, linguo-cultural analysis makes it possible to determine the interpretation, stylistic and emotional-expressive coloring of these lexical units, their functional role, which reflects the linguistic picture of the world.
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Гуцуляк, Т. Є. "Figurative derivational structure of mono- and polysemantic derivates as the subject of lexicography." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.1.
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In the system of figurative means of the Ukrainian language, the derivative lexical units, which were formed on the basis of figurative motivational relations, occupy a significant place. An important role in the recording and preservation of such figurative derivatives in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language is given to lexicographic works of an interpretive type. Dictionary definitions are important for establishing formal-semantic links of derivative units with their motivational basis and for defining motivational features. However, lexicographic interpretations are not always informative enough, but sometimes too generalized, which complicates the interpretation of figurative content of lexical units. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed work provides an analysis of the problematic issues of the present lexicographic practice of describing the semantic structure of morphological derivatives with a figurativelymetaphorical internal form and outlining the ways of their solution. The subject of the study is the following mono- and polysemantic units of the Ukrainian language, which, according to their structural and semantic features, belong to the derivatives from the subjective adjectives and contain sememes with figurative meaning. In the article on the example of separate adjectives the attention is focused on the need to take into account the vocabulary definitions of the peculiarities of the motivational traits that influenced the morphological structure and the semantic structure of the derivative word. This will help to provide a holistic understanding of the sign, called figurative derivative, given the possibility of implementing various aspects of the motivational semantics. Among the problematic issues of lexicographic practice, the formulation of vocabulary definitions for derivatives from the subjective adjectives is considered and the need to consider the ability of the nounmotivator to form not only relative (or possessively relative) adjectives, but also qualitative ones. It is suggested that the value of qualitative sign be fixed as independent lexico-semantic variants (LSV), since they often arise as a result of word-forming processes and testify to other semantic ties with the creators’ base.
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Lau, Mabel C., Winston D. Goh, and Melvin J. Yap. "An item-level analysis of lexical-semantic effects in free recall and recognition memory using the megastudy approach." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 10 (January 1, 2018): 2207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817739834.
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Psycholinguists have developed a number of measures to tap different aspects of a word’s semantic representation. The influence of these measures on lexical processing has collectively been described as semantic richness effects. However, the effects of these word properties on memory are currently not well understood. This study examines the relative contributions of lexical and semantic variables in free recall and recognition memory at the item-level, using a megastudy approach. Hierarchical regression of recall and recognition performance on a number of lexical-semantic variables showed task-general effects where the structural component, frequency, number of senses, and arousal accounted for unique variance in both free recall and recognition memory. Task-specific effects included number of features, imageability, and body–object interaction, which accounted for unique variance in recall, whereas age of acquisition, familiarity, and extremity of valence accounted for unique variance in recognition. Forward selection regression analyses generally converged on these findings. Hierarchical regression also revealed that lexical variables accounted for more variance in recognition compared with recall, whereas semantic variables accounted for more unique variance above and beyond lexical variables in recall compared with recognition. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Levin, Beth. "Aspect, Lexical Semantic Properties, and Argument Expression." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 26, no. 1 (September 25, 2000): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v26i1.1129.
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Sánchez Fajardo, José Antonio. "The Anglicization of Cuban Spanish: Lexico-Semantic Variations and Patterns." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.6.2.4120.
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The impact of English on Cuban Spanish has represented the embodiment of a profound process of acculturation on the island. This empirical study is intended to examine the anglicization of Cuban Spanish by determining anglicizing patterns or strategies in the phonological, morphological, lexical and semantic levels. Thus, the article demonstrates the variability of word-building mechanisms and semantic transparency dia-synchronically. The normative and descriptive analysis is also accompanied by brief contrastive commentaries on divergent and common aspects between Cuban Spanish and European Spanish, illustrated with examples extracted from prior corpora and dictionary revision. The research has shed more light on the universality of certain morpho-phonological patterns in Spanish, as well as the correlation between pragmatic or extralinguistic aspects with lexico-semantic variation, revealing significant changes in sociolects and attitudes.
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Borodina, N. A., O. A. Selemeneva, and N. A. Trubitsina. "Mythopoetic Worldview of Bunin: Linguistic and Literary and Cultural Analysis Aspects." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-10-28-47.
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The results of the analysis of semantic groups of mythonyms of the poetic heritage of I. A. Bunin as means of explication of various historical-informational and cultural-symbolic worldview meanings are presented in the article. The relevance of the work is due to the interest of literary onomastics in identifying units of the onomastic code of artistic and aesthetic systems of various domestic and foreign writers. The novelty of the work is associated with the inclusion of lexical units with different ratios of the nominated image and denotation into the Bunin mythonymicon, with the synthesis of linguistic and literary-cultural approaches in characterizing each of the selected lexical units. The twelve described semantic groups of mythological names are organized in the form of a field with a core and peripheral parts. For each group, the features of contextual use are noted. The authors come to the conclusion that in the Bunin picture of the world, mythonyms of various semantics perform text-forming and meaning-forming functions. They not only represent archetypal images (Fire, Bottom, Feminine, Garden, etc.), axiological oppositions (light — darkness, good — evil, etc.), key ideas, themes and motives (the idea of being still, themes of love, death, motives of temptation, resurrection, dreams, etc.), historiosophical concepts (moral choice and fortitude), but also participate in the creation of an individual author’s myth.
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Poplavska, N. M., and N. L. Dashchenko. "NEW POLITICAL TERMS IN INTERNET-MEDIA SPEECH (SEMANTIC AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECT)." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.235595.
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The article purpose is to analyze the semantic and functional parameters of the newest political terms in the Ukrainian internet-media speech. The study displays the semantic stratification of new terms based on their correlation with the environment and their functioning peculiarities using qualitative and quantitative parameters that allow to identify the most frequent lexical units in online media. The research object is the newest political terms in the modern Ukrainian language, and the subject of study is semantic and functional characteristics of these language units. The main research approach is semantic and functional analysis of language phenomena. Conceptual-linguistic method was used for semantic stratification of the latest political terms through the scope of their correlation with the environment. The quantitative analysis was meant to identify the most frequent lexical units with political semantics in online media. The descriptive method was used for linguistic facts interpretation. The article extends the notion of socio-political terminology and specifies correlation between socio-political terminology and socio-political vocabulary. The nomination system has formed and is permanently refreshed due to the new communication conditions in the globalized world. The study establishes that socio-political terminology is an open set with increasingly blurred boundaries. A lexical unit affiliation to socio-political terminology is determined by its conceptual content. The research proves that semantic stratification of the latest political terms is primarily based on the correlation with the environment, for instance, journalism and social communications, informational technologies, PR and advertising, art, linguistics, and rhetoric. Units in the analyzed lexical-semantic cluster are quite difficult to identify as terminological words or common words. The study has shown diffuse zone where the lexemes constantly fluctuate between strict requirements for a term (unambiguity, stylistic neutrality) and real functioning in media texts where they acquire imagery and expression. Therefore, the socio-political neolexicon needs further attention of scientists.
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Harris, Randy Allen. "The origin and developmemt of generative semantics." Historiographia Linguistica 20, no. 2-3 (January 1, 1993): 399–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.20.2-3.07har.
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Summary Against the background of the controversial and polarized work of Frederick Newmeyer and Robin Tolmach Lakoff, this paper chronicles the early development of generative semantics, an internal movement within the transformational model of Chomsky’s Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. The first suggestions toward the movement, whose cornerstone was the obliteration of the syntax-semantics boundary, were by George Lakoff in 1963. But it was the work conducted under the informal banner of “Abstract Syntax” by Paul Postal that began the serious investigations leading to such an obliteration. Lakoff was an active participant in that research, as were Robin Tolmach Lakoff, John Robert (“Háj”) Ross and James D. McCawley. Through their combined efforts, particularly those of McCawley on semantic primitives and lexical insertion, generative semantics took shape in 1967: positing a universal base, importing notions from predicate calculus, decomposing lexical structure, and, most contentiously, rejecting the central element of the Aspects model, deep structure.
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Popik, I. P. "STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE ENGLISH LEXICAL SEMANTIC FIELD “GESTICULATION”." Writings in Romance-Germanic Philology, no. 2(47) (January 15, 2022): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.2(47).245942.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the structure of the lexical semantic field “gesticulation” in the explanatory dictionaries of the English language. The article deals with semiotic aspect of correlation of verbal and paraverbal codes in human communication. Verbalization of a kineme has been studied. In modern linguistics, one of the most common approaches to the study of vocabulary is the method of field modeling. Field theory indicates the systematic organization of the entire lexical system. The lexical-semantic field is characterized by a number of systemic features both in the synchronous aspect (the semantic correlation of lexemes, the presence of hyponyms and hyperonyms), and in the diachronic aspect (a certain set of repeatedly implemented motivational models, repeatability of word-formation models, repeatability of producing etymological nests generating field vocabulary). The research material was a selection of 5 dictionaries of modern English. All components of the specified field are in hypo-hyperonymic relationships with the key unit of the field, namely with the nomination gesture. Kineme is treated as a proto-sign, which semantic structure comprises three obligatory semantic knots, i. e. “what is moving”, “how it is moving”, “what for it is moving”. Lexicographically registered verbal kinemes constitute language lexico-semantic field “gesticulation”. The first two knots reflect the formal component of the protosign (gesture kinetics), and the third knot reflects the semantic component of the kineme (meaning of the gesture). Nuclear-peripheral structure of the field in the language subordinates to the semantic principle of hyper-hyponymical relations among its constituents. The prospect of further research is the analysis of the functioning of this lexical semantic field in the artistic discourse.
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Pungă, Loredana. "A Radiography of English Elements in Romania." Romanian Journal of English Studies 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2018-0013.
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Abstract This article aims to offer some insight into manifestations of language contact in the particular case of English and Romanian. It focuses on lexical, morpho-syntactic, semantic and discourse-related aspects of the influence of the former in the context of the latter. In particular, after pointing out the areas in which anglicization is especially obvious, attention is paid to: the adaptation of anglicisms so as to fit Romanian syntactic patterns; code switching and its functions; borrowing-triggered semantic change; lexical-semantic calques; and patterns of English written genres imposing new standards for equivalent Romanian genres.
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Rodd, Jennifer M. "Settling Into Semantic Space: An Ambiguity-Focused Account of Word-Meaning Access." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619885860.
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Most words are ambiguous: Individual word forms (e.g., run) can map onto multiple different interpretations depending on their sentence context (e.g., the athlete/politician/river runs). Models of word-meaning access must therefore explain how listeners and readers can rapidly settle on a single, contextually appropriate meaning for each word that they encounter. I present a new account of word-meaning access that places semantic disambiguation at its core and integrates evidence from a wide variety of experimental approaches to explain this key aspect of language comprehension. The model has three key characteristics. (a) Lexical-semantic knowledge is viewed as a high-dimensional space; familiar word meanings correspond to stable states within this lexical-semantic space. (b) Multiple linguistic and paralinguistic cues can influence the settling process by which the system resolves on one of these familiar meanings. (c) Learning mechanisms play a vital role in facilitating rapid word-meaning access by shaping and maintaining high-quality lexical-semantic knowledge throughout the life span. In contrast to earlier models of word-meaning access, I highlight individual differences in lexical-semantic knowledge: Each person’s lexicon is uniquely structured by specific, idiosyncratic linguistic experiences.
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Tremper, Galina, and Anette Frank. "A Discriminative Analysis of Fine-Grained Semantic Relations including Presupposition: Annotation and Classification." Dialogue & Discourse 4, no. 2 (July 19, 2013): 282–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2013.212.
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In contrast to classical lexical semantic relations between verbs, such as antonymy, synonymy or hypernymy, presupposition is a lexically triggered semantic relation that is not well covered in existing lexical resources. It is also understudied in the field of corpus-based methods of learning semantic relations. Yet, presupposition is very important for semantic and discourse analysis tasks, given the implicit information that it conveys. In this paper we present a corpus-based method for acquiring presupposition-triggering verbs along with verbal relata that express their presupposed meaning. We approach this difficult task using a discriminative classification method that jointly determines and distinguishes a broader set of inferential semantic relations between verbs.
The present paper focuses on important methodological aspects of our work: (i) a discriminative analysis of the semantic properties of the chosen set of relations, (ii) the selection of features for corpus-based classification and (iii) design decisions for the manual annotation of fine-grained semantic relations between verbs. (iv) We present the results of a practical annotation effort leading to a gold standard resource for our relation inventory, and (v) we report results for automatic classification of our target set of fine-grained semantic relations, including presupposition. We achieve a classification performance of 55% F1-score, a 100% improvement over a best-feature baseline.
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Kosem, Iztok, Simon Krek, and Polona Gantar. "Defining collocation for Slovenian lexical resources." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2020.2.1-27.
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In this paper, we define the notion of collocation for the purpose of its use in machine-readable language resources, which will be used in the creation of electronic dictionaries and language applications for Slovene. Based on theoretical and lexicographically-driven studies we define collocation as a lexical phenomenon, defined by three key aspects: statistical, syntactic, and semantic. We take lexicographic relevance as a point of departure for defining collocations within the typology of word combinations, as well as for distinguishing them from free combinations. Free combinations are (frequent) syntactically valid word combinations without lexicographic value and consequently there is no need for the description of their meaning, or syntactic role. Next, we distinguish collocations from all multiword lexical units (compounds, phraseological units and lexico-grammatical units) using the lexicographic view that multiword lexical units, whose meaning is not a sum of its parts, require a description of their meaning whereas collocations do not. In the final part, we return to the three aspects of collocation and their role in automatic extraction of collocational information from corpora. Semantic criterion or dictionary relevance of extracted collocations has particularly exposed the problem of semantically broad collocates such as certain types of adverbs, adjectives and verbs, and word which feature in different syntactic roles (e.g. pronouns and adjuncts). We discuss a particular issue of collocations related to proper names and the decisions about their inclusion into the dictionary based on the evaluation of lexicographers.
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LIPING, MA. "POLYSEMY OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVES IN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_3_131_139.
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Russian polysemous adjectives is one of the important issues in the study of the lexical semantics of the Russian language. Its essence lies in the methods of understanding the semantic content of adjectives and establishing internal connections between their meanings. Cognitive metaphor as a key working mechanism can clearly explain the phenomenon of Russian adjectives polysemy. This study uses the theory of cognitive metaphor that contains many working mechanisms affecting the change in the lexical semantics of adjectives. Among them, semantic transfer between cognitive domains is one of the most typical and active mechanisms. The present study is based on two original cognitive domains: the domain of space and the domain of physical perception. Under the cognitive effect of transferring from the original domain to other domains, adjectives acquire different meanings. This research focuses upon Russian polysemous spatial adjectives and adjectives of physical perception...
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Stevanovic, Jelena, and Emilija Lazarevic. "On certain aspects of the semantic development of younger primary school-age children." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 46, no. 2 (2014): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1402299s.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to understand the meaning of words and sentences is an important determinant of the language development, which also indicates the development of the ability to learn. Bearing this in mind, the research was aimed at studying the level of semantic development of younger primary school-age children. Semantic development was studied from the aspect of understanding the meaning of words and their use in the following lexical relations: homonyms, antonyms, synonyms and metonyms. The research was conducted in three Belgrade primary schools during the school year 2013/2014. The sample was convenient and included 431 second- and third-grade pupils. The Semantic test (by S. Vladisavljevic) was used in the study. Research results showed that none of the pupils had provided the correct answer to all administered tasks. The best scores were achieved on the part of the test referring to antonyms, while the pupils were least successful on the tasks referring to metonyms. Additionally, third-grade pupils were more successful than younger participants, while there were no differences according to gender. The results indicated that it was necessary to devote more attention to different lexical and semantic exercises at preschool and early school age, considering the link between semantic development, the acquisition of reading and writing skills and the (un)successful mastering of the school curriculum in the majority of subjects.
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Sanz-Torrent, Mònica. "Specific Language Impairment: Lexical, Semantic, and Morpho-Syntactic Aspects of Verb Acquisition." Language Acquisition 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2008): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10489220701600473.
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Qian, David D. "Demystifying Lexical Inferencing: The Role of Aspects of Vocabulary Knowledge." TESL Canada Journal 22, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v22i2.86.
Full textAbstract:
This empirical study examines how English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners use their vocabulary knowledge for inferring meanings of unknown words in reading comprehension. The data, collected through interviews with young adult ESL students in Canadian universities, indicate that: (a) semantic and morphological aspects of vocabulary knowledge play an important role in learners' comprehension processes; (b) a positive relationship exists between certain aspects of learners' vocabulary knowledge and their lexical inferencing ability; and (c) in processing the meaning of unknown words, all learners looked for cues to meaning, but learners with varying depths of vocabulary knowledge tended to focus on varying strategies.