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Books on the topic 'Lexical borrowing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Zenner, Eline, and Gitte Kristiansen, eds. New Perspectives on Lexical Borrowing. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781614514305.

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2

Battison, Robbin. Lexical borrowing in American sign language. Burtonsville, MD: Linstok Press, 2003.

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3

Onysko, Alexander. Anglicisms in German: Borrowing, lexical productivity, and written codeswitching. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 2007.

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4

Onysko, Alexander. Anglicisms in German: Borrowing, lexical productivity, and written codeswitching. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 2007.

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5

Onysko, Alexander. Anglicisms in German: Borrowing, lexical productivity, and written codeswitching. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 2007.

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6

The lexical basis of grammatical borrowing: A Prince Edward Island French case study. Philadelphia, PA: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2000.

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7

The lexical basis of grammatical borrowing: A Prince Edward Island French case study. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2000.

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8

Papapavlou, Andreas N. Language contact and lexical borrowing in the Greek Cypriot dialect: Sociolinguistic and cultural implications. Athens: N.C. Grivas, 1994.

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9

Helen, Kwok, ed. A study of lexical borrowing from Chinese into English with special reference to Hong Kong. [Hong Kong]: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1985.

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10

Indian Institute of Language Studies., ed. Lexical borrowings in Kashmiri. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Language Studies, 2008.

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11

Ngom, Fallou. Lexical borrowings as sociolinguistic variables in Saint-Louis, Senegal. Muenchen: LINCOM EUROPA, 2006.

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12

Mengal, Ayesha. English in Quetta: A study of lexical borrowings from Brahui. Quetta: Brahui Academy Pakistan, 2017.

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13

Aĭbabina, E. A. Spet︠s︡ifika funkt︠s︡ioniraovanii︠a︡ russkikh leksicheskikh zaimstvovaniĭ v Komi i︠a︡azyke v sovremennykh usloviakh =: The functioning of Russian lexical borrowings in the Komi language under the present-day conditions (specific characteristics) : doklad na zasedanii prezidiuma Komi nauchnogo t︠s︡entra UrO AN SSSR, 5 ii︠u︡li︠a︡, 1990 g. Syktyvkar: Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR, Uralʹskoe ptd-nie. Komi nauchnyĭ t︠s︡entr, 1990.

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14

Grant, Anthony P. Lexical Borrowing. Edited by John R. Taylor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641604.013.029.

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15

Kossmann, Maarten. Borrowing. Edited by Jonathan Owens. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764136.013.0015.

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This article discusses borrowing—mainly lexical borrowing—in relation to Arabic. It first provides a brief introduction to early loans in Arabic. Then it considers borrowing in written Arabic, before dealing with borrowing in spoken Arabic. The literature on this subject is vast, corresponding to the large geographical area and many languages involved in contact with Arabic. The article therefore offers typologies of the linguistic processes by which the borrowing out of and into Arabic can be understood without claiming comprehensiveness.
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16

Beyond Borrowing: Lexical Interaction Between Englishes and Asian Languages. Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated, 2023.

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17

Onysko, Alexander. Anglicisms in German: Borrowing, Lexical Productivity, and Written Codeswitching. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2012.

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18

Poplack, Shana. Borrowing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.001.0001.

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In virtually every bilingual situation empirically studied, borrowed items make up the overwhelming majority of other-language material, but short shrift has been given to this major manifestation of language contact. As a result, scholars have long been divided over whether borrowing is a process distinct from code-switching, leading to long-standing controversy over how best to theorize language mixing strategies. This volume focuses on lexical borrowing as it actually occurs in the discourse of bilingual speakers, building on more than three decades of original research. Based on vast quantities of spontaneous performance data and a highly ramified analytical apparatus, it characterizes the phenomenon in the speech community and in the grammar, both synchronically and diachronically. In contrast to most other treatments, which deal with the product of borrowing, this work examines the process: How speakers incorporate foreign items into their bilingual discourse, how they adapt them to recipient-language grammatical structure, how these forms diffuse across speakers and communities, how long they persist in real time, and whether they change over the duration. It proposes falsifiable hypotheses about established loanwords and nonce borrowings and tests them empirically on a wealth of unique datasets on a wide variety of typologically similar and distinct language pairs. A major focus is the detailed analysis of integration, the principal mechanism underlying the borrowing process. Though the shape the borrowed form assumes may be colored by community convention, we show that the act of transforming donor-language elements into native material is universal.
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19

ten Hacken, Pius, and Renáta Panocová, eds. The Interaction of Borrowing and Word Formation. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448208.001.0001.

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When a new name is necessary for a concept, word formation and borrowing are possible ways to produce one. As such, they are in competition for the creation of neologisms. However, borrowings can also interact with existing word formation rules. The reanalysis of a borrowing can result in its attribution to an existing word formation rule. The reanalysis of a number of formally similar borrowings can even result in a new word formation rule. Word formation and borrowing both have an inherently diachronic component to them. Historically, Latin was an important source language for borrowing. The effects are found in neoclassical word formation and in many internationalisms. Nowadays, anglicisms have become the most frequent kind of borrowings. Word formation rules may be activated to counter the prevalence of borrowing by creating alternative designations, but they may also be used to integrate borrowings into the lexical and grammatical system of the borrowing language. After an introduction with some theoretical background, twelve case studies present particular situations illustrating different types of interaction of word formation and borrowing in a range of European languages. The concluding chapter describes some general trends that emerge from these case studies.
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20

Kristiansen, Gitte, and Eline Zenner. New Perspectives on Lexical Borrowing: Onomasiological, Methodological and Phraseological Innovations. De Gruyter, Inc., 2013.

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21

Kristiansen, Gitte, and Eline Zenner. New Perspectives on Lexical Borrowing: Onomasiological, Methodological and Phraseological Innovations. De Gruyter, Inc., 2013.

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22

Kristiansen, Gitte, and Eline Zenner. New Perspectives on Lexical Borrowing: Onomasiological, Methodological and Phraseological Innovations. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2013.

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23

Varra, Rachel. Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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24

Saugera, Valérie. Remade in France. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625542.001.0001.

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Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French chronicles the current status of French Anglicisms, a hot topic in the history of the French language and a compelling example of the influence of global English. The abundant data come from primary sources—a large online newspaper corpus (for unofficial Anglicisms) and the dictionary (for official Anglicisms)—and secondary sources. This book examines the appearance and behavior of English items in the lexicon and morphology of French, and explains them in the context of French neology and lexical activity. The first phase of the latest contact period (1990–2015) has its own complex linguistic characterization, including a significant influx of nonce borrowings and very low-frequency Anglicisms, heterogeneous and creative borrowing outcomes, and direct phraseological borrowing. This book is a counterargument to the well-known criticism that Anglicisms are lexical polluters. On the contrary, the use of Anglicisms requires the inventive application of complex linguistic rules, and the borrowing of Anglicisms into the French lexicon is convincing proof that language change is systematic. The findings bring novel interdisciplinary insights to the domains of borrowing in a non-bilingual contact setting; global English as a source of lexical creativity in the French lexicon; the phases, patterns and processes of integration of English loanwords; the morphology of borrowing; and computational corpus linguistics. The appended database is a snapshot of a synchronic period of linguistic contact and a useful lexicographic resource.
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25

Poplack, Shana. A variationist perspective on borrowing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0002.

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This chapter reviews the analytical and methodological tenets associated with the variationist perspective on language and outlines its specific applications to the study of language mixing. Key among them are the principled selection of participants and their validation in the community, the primacy of actual bilingual performance data, contextualization of its major manifestations across speakers, mixing strategies (lexical borrowing and code-switching) and language pairs, and systematic quantitative analysis of usage patterns, incorporating checks on the validity and reliability of the results. We explain how the method enables us to address and answer a number of questions that have plagued scholars of language contact for decades.
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26

Poplack, Shana. The social dynamics of borrowing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0011.

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This chapter reports the results of the first study of the trajectory of borrowed words in the speech community and the role of socio-demographic factors (age, gender, social class membership, level of education, individual bilingual proficiency, minority versus majority status, neighborhood of residence) in their adoption and spread. Making use of a sharedness index, we infer channels of diffusion of specific words and borrowing types (nonce versus widespread) across cohorts. Among the novel findings are that borrowing behavior is not simply a function of lexical need, but is acquired, and that both borrowing rates and type are dictated by wider community norms rather than individual bilingual abilities. This is evidenced in (implicit) community-level sanctions against the elevated use of borrowing and community-wide preferences for a particular type of borrowing.
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27

Anglicism in German: Borrowing, Lexical Productivity, and Written Codeswitching (Linguistik - Impulse & Tendenzen 23) (Linguistik-Impulse & Tendenzen). Walter de Gruyter, 2007.

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28

Varra, Rachel. Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City: Towards a Synthesis of the Social Correlates of Lexical Use and Diffusion in Immigrant Contexts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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29

Varra, Rachel. Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City: Towards a Synthesis of the Social Correlates of Lexical Use and Diffusion in Immigrant Contexts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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30

Varra, Rachel. Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City: Towards a Synthesis of the Social Correlates of Lexical Use and Diffusion in Immigrant Contexts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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31

Varra, Rachel. Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City: Towards a Synthesis of the Social Correlates of Lexical Use and Diffusion in Immigrant Contexts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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32

van der Voort, Hein, and Peter Bakker. Polysynthesis and Language Contact. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.23.

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Polysynthetic languages have been involved in a variety of language contact situations. In cases of occasional contacts, polysynthetic languages have been simplified, both by learners (approximate varieties) and native speakers (foreigner talk). Such simplified versions can be the source also of a number of pidgins based on polysynthetic languages. Those pidgins did not inherit the morphological complexity of the source languages, but instead use pronouns for person marking and largely analytic structures. Sometimes unanalyzed complex verbs are used, where the original meaning of the affixes does not play a role. The widespread idea that polysynthetic languages do not display lexical borrowings, but use internal word-building devices instead, should be qualified: loanwords are quite common in polysynthetic languages. In codeswitching, verbs stems rarely combine with foreign elements. Borrowing of pattern is more common than borrowing of matter, and areal diffusion of grammatical traits may lead to the proliferation of polysynthesis.
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33

Poplack, Shana. Bilingual corpora. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0003.

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This chapter details the difficulties inherent in building corpora pertinent to the process of lexical borrowing, reviews methods for gathering data capable of identifying the grammars giving rise to the various language mixing types, and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing occasional uses from bilingual community trends. It describes the constitution of the bilingual “mega-corpus” which provides the data on which the analyses of many of the ensuing chapters are based, and introduces two other geographically and diachronically related corpora that allow us to track the trajectory of borrowings over time. It presents 11 additional corpora of typologically distinct language pairs whose analysis provides corroborating evidence of many of the claims made on the basis of the larger and more representative corpora.
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34

Poplack, Shana. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0012.

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Analysis of language mixing in the actual production data of bilingual individuals has permitted us to test and overturn many long-standing assumptions about borrowing and code-switching empirically: borrowing is not monolithic but takes many forms in the speech community; it does not originate as code-switching; integration is not gradual but abrupt; speakers tend not to code-switch individual words but to borrow them. This work has also confirmed that code-switching and borrowing are diametrically opposed, not only structurally but from the perspective of the individuals who engage in them. The observable differences between multiword code-switches and lone other-language items, coupled with the overwhelming preponderance of the latter in every bilingual dataset that has been quantitatively analyzed, together demonstrate that any model of language mixing with pretensions to constituting a “unified” theory of language contact phenomena is in fact a theory of lexical borrowing.
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35

Andersson, Samuel, Oliver Sayeed, and Bert Vaux. The Phonology of Language Contact. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935345.013.55.

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This chapter surveys the impact of language contact on phonological systems. The phonology of one language may influence that of another in several ways, including lexical borrowing, rule borrowing, Sprachbund features, and interlanguage effects. Illustrations of these phenomena are drawn from interactions between English and French, Hawaiian, and Japanese at different historical periods; from Quichean languages; from Slavic-influenced dialects of Albanian; from Dravidian influences on Sanskrit; and from South African English, among other examples. The evidence indicates that language contact may lead to various changes in phoneme inventory, phonotactics, and rule inventory, or to no change at all. Analyses of the data argue against the view that language contact invariably involves simplification but suggest that markedness is an important notion in accounting for certain features of interlanguages.
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36

Saugera, Valérie. Dictionary-unsanctioned Anglicisms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625542.003.0004.

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This core chapter reports on the findings from the investigation of the Libération corpus. Systematic tracking of dictionary-unattested Anglicisms occurring over a year of press language reveals that contact with global English has resulted in new patterns of borrowing and processes for extending the French lexicon, for the short and long term. A major finding is that the database includes many types of Anglicisms with very few tokens: global English is a robust supplier of transient words (nonce borrowings and very low-frequency items) which complement the more durable lexicon. Diachronic comparisons show that these Anglicisms typically have a short life cycle in the French lexicon, though some Anglicisms from the corpus entered subsequent editions of the dictionary. The data also reveal the less common borrowing of items from closed classes, including pronoun himself, stressed article the, and the preposition-like series starring/featuring/including.
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37

Poplack, Shana. Rationale. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0001.

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This chapter identifies the rationale behind this volume: the enduring controversy over how to theorize language-mixing strategies. Relating this controversy to discrepancies in the conceptualization and treatment of the data of language mixing, it outlines a method to distinguish among other-language phenomena based on spontaneous bilingual performance, quantitative analysis, and rigorous standards of proof. It justifies the focus on the three quantitatively predominant manifestations of language mixing: nonce borrowing, lexical retrieval of previously borrowed words and code-switching. It introduces and defines integration, the major tool in characterizing language-mixing types. Ensuing chapters identify and illustrate an array of integration strategies, whereby the vast majority of lone other-language items are adapted to the morphological and syntactic patterns of a recipient language, in a variety of language pairs.
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38

Davis, Jeffrey. Native American Signed Languages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935345.013.42.

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This chapter highlights the linguistic study of Native American signed language varieties, which are broadly referred to as American Indian Sign Language (AISL). It describes how indigenous sign language serves as an alternative to spoken language, how it is acquired as a first or second language, and how it is used both among deaf and hearing tribal members and internationally as a type of signed lingua franca. It discusses the first fieldwork carried out in over fifty years to focus on the linguistic status of AISL, which is considered an endangered language variety but is still used and learned natively by some members of various Indian nations across Canada and the United States (e.g. Assiniboine, Blackfeet/Blackfoot, Cherokee, Crow, Northern Cheyenne, Nakoda/Lakȟóta, and Mandan-Hidatsa). The chapter also addresses questions of language contact and spread, including code-switching and lexical borrowing, as well as historical linguistic questions.
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39

English Lexical Borrowings and Spanish in New York City. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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40

Zsiga, Elizabeth C., and One Tlale Boyer. Sebirwa in Contact with Setswana. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0015.

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Setswana, spoken by about 4.5 million people throughout Botswana, is well-known in the literature for “post-nasal devoicing,” in which /b/ and /l/ become [p]‌ and [t] after nasals, contra the expected, phonetically-grounded pattern of post-nasal voicing. Sebirwa, in contrast, has at most 15,000 speakers concentrated in the far eastern corner of the country. Sebirwa is being overwhelmed by Setswana, and in a process of “massive Tswananization,” has borrowed some aspects of post-nasal devoicing. Our analysis, based on fieldwork in the village of Molalatau, shows that the Sebirwa pattern is doubly unexpected: only /b/ devoices, not /d/ and /g/. We attribute the asymmetry to frequency effects from Setswana, where, due to a skewed voicing inventory, the majority of lexical items that exhibit the alternation have underlying /b/. We discuss the implications of this type of borrowing, both for the typology of alternations, and for patterns of language loss.
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41

Jones, William Jervis. Lexicon of French Borrowings in the German Vocabulary (1575-1648). de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2011.

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42

Kim, Hyunsoon. Korean speakers’ perception of Japanese geminates. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0015.

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This chapter investigates whether the grammar of a recipient language (L1) plays a role in borrowing words of a donor language (L2), by exploring Korean (L1) speakers’ perception of Japanese (L2) geminates. Eighty Seoul Korean subjects were asked to listen to Japanese words with the voiceless geminates [p:, t:, k:, s:], which are grouped as frequently and infrequently used in Korea. It was found that the Japanese geminates were mainly perceived either as the coda fricative /s/ and an onset fortis consonant or as an onset fortis with no coda. The results provide empirical evidence for an L1 grammar-driven borrowing process with the three intermediate steps of L1 perception, L1 lexicon, and L1 phonology between L2 acoustic input (= L1 input) and L1 output.
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43

Yakubovich, Ilya. Luwian and the Luwians. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0023.

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This article discusses the Luwian language, which was originally known only from scattered passages in the Hittite corpus, but is now known to have survived the fall of the Hittite kingdom and the end of Hittite as a written language. A substantial number of Luwian lexical borrowings in Old Hittite suggest that Luwians and Hittites lived side by side already in the Old Kingdom Period. Only in the case of the town of Kaneš/Neša, whose prosopography in the twentieth–eighteenth centuries BCE is reasonably well known from Old Assyrian sources, can one conclude that Hittite speakers formed a majority there (which is expected, given the self-designation of the Hittite language as “Nesite”). Summing up, one can no longer claim a priority connection with the Hittite civilization for the language of Neša at the expense of the language of Luwiya.
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44

Comparative Etymological Studies in the Western Neo-Syriac (Turoyo) Lexicon: With Special Reference to Homonyms, Related Words & Borrowings With Cultural ... 18) (Studia Semitica Upsaliensia, 18). Coronet Books, 2003.

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