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Journal articles on the topic 'Lexical items'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Sanker, Chelsea. "Lexical ambiguity and acoustic distance in discrimination." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (2020): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4719.

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This work presents a perceptual study on how acoustic details and knowledge of the lexicon influence discrimination decisions. English-speaking listeners were less likely to identify phonologically matching items as the same when they differed in vowel duration, but differences in mean F0 did not have an effect. Although both are components of English contrasts, the results only provide evidence for attention to vowel duration as a potentially contrastive cue. Lexical ambiguity was a predictor of response time. Pairs with matching duration were identified more quickly than pairs with distinct

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2

Howard, David. "Lexical Anomia: Or the Case of the Missing Lexical Entries." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 48, no. 4 (1995): 999–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749508401426.

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This paper reports the case of an aphasic patient, EE, with a problem in word retrieval. He is consistently unable to produce specific lexical items, which tend to be items of low rated familiarity. His retrieval of these words is not aided by the provision of phonemic cues or extra time for word retrieval. His errors consist primarily of failures to respond, and the provision of semantic information without any attempt at the target. It is argued that this pattern of performance is consistent with the loss of specific lexical items from a phonological lexicon for speech production. EE is show

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Harder, Peter. "The Lexico-Syntactic Symbiosis in a Functional Perspective." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (2001): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/033258601753358623.

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Based on a functional approach, the article proposes a role for lexical knowledge in human languages in relation to syntactic and encyclopaedic knowledge. A lexicon presupposes encyclopaedic knowledge in terms of which the semantic domain of lexical items can be defined – but this does not mean that there is no distinction between lexicon and encyclopaedia, only that one stands on the shoulders of the other. Syntax similarly presupposes a lexicon: there can be no combinations without items to be combined, whereas you can have (holophrastic) languages consisting solely of items. However, inside

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Jackendoff, Ray, and Jenny Audring. "Morphological schemas." New Questions for the Next Decade 11, no. 3 (2016): 467–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.3.06jac.

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We propose a theory of the lexicon in which rules of grammar, encoded as declarative schemas, are lexical items containing variables. We develop a notation to encode precise relations among lexical items and show how this differs from the standard notion of inheritance. We also show how schemas can play both a generative role, acting as productive rules, and also a relational role, where they codify nonproductive but nevertheless prolific patterns within the lexicon. We then show how this theory of lexical relations can be embedded directly into a theory of lexical access and lexical processin

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Dimaculangan, Nimfa G., and Michelle B. Sarmiento. "A corpus-based study of word-formation creativity in Facebook Philippine English." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, no. 2 (2024): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.26182.

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<span lang="EN-US">This paper is a study of English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ and students’ newly coined Facebook (FB) lexical items and expressions. It presents sample FB Philippine English (PhilE) words found in ESL teachers’ and students’ FB posts and messages and the formation mechanisms evident in the lexical items. The lexical items are culled from the researchers-built 50,000-word corpus of FB and FB Messenger conversations posted and sent by the mentioned texts’ contributors from the last quarter of 2016 to 2022. The PhilE neologisms are identified from their surroundi

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Dimaculangan, Nimfa G., and Michelle B. Sarmiento. "A corpus-based study of word-formation creativity in Facebook Philippine English." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, no. 2 (2024): 1252–64. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.26182.

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This paper is a study of English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ and students’ newly coined Facebook (FB) lexical items and expressions. It presents sample FB Philippine English (PhilE) words found in ESL teachers’ and students’ FB posts and messages and the formation mechanisms evident in the lexical items. The lexical items are culled from the researchers-built 50,000-word corpus of FB and FB Messenger conversations posted and sent by the mentioned texts’ contributors from the last quarter of 2016 to 2022. The PhilE neologisms are identified from their surr

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7

HANTSON, André. "Ing-Forms as Lexical Items." Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 17, no. 1 (1991): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/cill.17.1.2016701.

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Bierwisch, Manfred, and Robert Schreuder. "From concepts to lexical items." Cognition 42, no. 1-3 (1992): 23–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(92)90039-k.

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Vrbinc, Alenka. "Macrostructural Treatment of Multi-word Lexical Items." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 8, no. 1 (2011): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.8.1.51-61.

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The paper discusses the macrostructural treatment of multi-word lexical items in mono- and bilingual dictionaries. First, the classification of multi-word lexical items is presented, and special attention is paid to the discussion of compounds – a specific group of multi-word lexical items that is most commonly afforded headword status but whose inclusion in the headword list may also depend on spelling. Then the inclusion of multi-word lexical items in monolingual dictionaries is dealt with in greater detail, while the results of a short survey on the inclusion of five randomly chosen multi-w

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McCray, A. T. "The Nature of Lexical Knowledge." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 04/05 (1998): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634562.

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AbstractThis paper considers the nature of lexical knowledge and its role in language and information processing. The lexicon is the central component of language and plays a pivotal role in current linguistic theory [3, 4] and, increasingly, in natural language processing systems [5-7]. The lexicon embodies information aboutthe lexical items ofthe language and serves as the foundation for morphologic, syntactic, and semantic processing. The differences as well as commonalities among dictionaries, thesauri, and lexicons are discussed, and distinctions between words, lexical items, and terms ar

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Sobirova, R. "Lexico-semantic relationships in the names of household items." Bulletin of the Karaganda university Philology series 105, no. 1 (2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph1/83-88.

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The study of lexical-semantic relations is important in the paradigm of lexical-semantic groups. This article examines linguocultural and sociolinguistic aspects of set expressions, such as proverbs, sayings, phrases, analogies, formed based on the lexicon of household items in the Uzbek language. In the Uzbek language, as a direct expression of the people’s way of life, set expressions are units that directly reflect the characteristics of the people’s way of the life, profession, customs, spiritual culture and their importance in manifesting the mental characteristics of the people is elicit

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Dalton, Sarah Grace Hudspeth, Hana Kim, Jessica D. Richardson, and Heather Harris Wright. "A Compendium of Core Lexicon Checklists." Seminars in Speech and Language 41, no. 01 (2019): 045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400972.

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AbstractCore Lexicon (CoreLex) is a relatively new approach assessing lexical use in discourse. CoreLex examines the specific lexical items used to tell a story, or how typical lexical items are compared with a normative sample. This method has great potential for clinical utilization because CoreLex measures are fast, easy to administer, and correlate with microlinguistic and macrolinguistic discourse measures. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with a centralized resource for currently available CoreLex checklists, including information regarding development, norms, and gui

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van Hout, Roeland, and Pieter Muysken. "Modeling lexical borrowability." Language Variation and Change 6, no. 1 (1994): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001575.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, we develop analytical techniques to determine borrowability – that is, the ease with which a lexical item or a category of lexical items can be borrowed. The analysis is based on two assumptions: (1) the distribution of items in both the host and donor language should be taken into account to explain why certain items are, and others are not, borrowed; (2) the borrowability of a lexical category may result from a set of (underlying) operative factors or constraints. Our analysis is applied to Spanish borrowings in Bolivian Quechua on the basis of a set of bilingual tex

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Paolo, Marianna Di. "Double Modals as Single Lexical Items." American Speech 64, no. 3 (1989): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455589.

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Volodina, Elena, David Alfter, and Therese Lindström Tiedemann. "Crowdsourcing ratings for single lexical items." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 10, no. 2 (2022): 5–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2022.2.5-61.

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In this study, we investigate theoretical and practical issues connected to differentiating between core and peripheral vocabulary at different levels of linguistic proficiency using statistical approaches combined with crowdsourcing. We also investigate whether crowdsourcing second language learners’ rankings can be used for assigning levels to unseen vocabulary. The study is performed on Swedish single-word items. The four hypotheses we examine are: (1) there is core vocabulary for each proficiency level, but this is only true until CEFR level B2 (upper-intermediate); (2) core vocabulary sho

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Clercq, Karen De, and Guido Vanden Wyngaerd. "On the idiomatic nature of unproductive morphology." Linguistics in the Netherlands 36 (November 5, 2019): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00026.cle.

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Abstract We present a case study in the marking of the negative prefix in French gradable adjectives, where the productive marker iN- alternates with a number of unproductive prefixes, like dé(s)-, dis-, mal-, mé(s)-. We treat this as a classical case of allomorphy, and present an account of the distribution of these allomorphs in terms of the nanosyntactic mechanism of pointers, by which lexical items may point to other, existing, lexical items in the postsyntactic lexicon. We claim that unproductive lexical items are not directly accessible for the spellout mechanism, but only indirectly, vi

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Mutzafi, Hezy. "Neo-Mandaic as a Source of Hitherto Unattested Mandaic Words." Aramaic Studies 15, no. 1 (2017): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01501007.

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Neo-Mandaic (NM) is the least known Neo-Aramaic language, despite recent progress in investigations of its grammar and lexicon. Lexicographical coverage of NM is still particularly replete with lacunae, as many of the language’s lexical items and lexical peculiarities remain beyond common scholarly knowledge. The present contribution discusses several hitherto unknown or misrepresented NM lexemes. Ten of these are inherited from pre-modern Mandaic antecedents that are, as far as can be established, not manifest in classical and post-classical Mandaic textual sources. Most of these inherited le

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Wintner, Shuly, Safaa Shehadi, Yuli Zeira, Doreen Osmelak, and Yuval Nov. "Shared Lexical Items as Triggers of Code Switching." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 11 (2023): 1471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00613.

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Abstract Why do bilingual speakers code-switch (mix their two languages)? Among the several theories that attempt to explain this natural and ubiquitous phenomenon, the triggering hypothesis relates code-switching to the presence of lexical triggers, specifically cognates and proper names, adjacent to the switch point. We provide a fuller, more nuanced and refined exploration of the triggering hypothesis, based on five large datasets in three language pairs, reflecting both spoken and written bilingual interactions. Our results show that words that are assumed to reside in a mental lexicon sha

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Mapunda, Gastor, and Emmanuel Ilonga. "Lexical Innovation through Swahilisation of English Lexicon in Online Advertisements." Utafiti 17, no. 1 (2022): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020060.

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Abstract Morpho-phonological nativisation and syntactic applications of Kiswahili loanwords appear throughout telecommunication businesses’ advertisements, as can be collected from such companies’ Facebook pages. Word-by-word and line-by-line coding and analysis reveal a richness in the borrowing process and its implications for the contemporary Kiswahili lexicon. Apparently, nouns are more inclined to be borrowed than words from other grammatical categories, with loanwords from English expanding the meaning of items, and in some cases substituting those items in the lexicon of the receiving l

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Dakhi, Saniago. "Foreign Language Acquisition Of Souvenir Seller In Bawomataluo Village." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 2, no. 1 (2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.2.1.46.16-32.

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This research is carried by focusing on the description of the kinds and process of lexical items acquired by souvenir seller in Bawomataluo. To obtain the whole accurate data of these research questions, two instrument of data collection, interview and observation, were used. The result of data analysis are the eight English part of speech are acquired. It is discovered that lexical items acquired are dominated by noun. Verb and adjective posites at the next level of the amount of lexicals acquired. Adverb, conjunction, pronoun are less acquired. Interjection is more easily acquired by souven

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Kriaučiūnienė, Roma, and Vilija Sangailaitė. "AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROCESSES OF LEXICAL EXPANSION IN CURRENT ENGLISH." Verbum 7, no. 7 (2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.2016.7.10291.

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The current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new wo

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Kriaučiūnienė, Roma, and Rasa Šlikaitė. "Language Policy at Universities in the Process of Internationalisation: Vilnius University Students’ Views." Verbum 13 (December 30, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.34.

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The current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new wo

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Hameed, Samia, Imran Ali, and Khalid -. "Analysis of Lexical Density and Readability of Pakistani English Newspaper Dawn." Global Mass Communication Review IX, no. II (2024): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2024(ix-ii).07.

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This research study aimed to analyze the lexical density and readability of Pakistani English Newspaper and so, to suggest their suitability for the level of students. Eight newspapers from four genres were selected as sample. The theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics based on the theory of lexical density by Ure (1971) was applied for finding lexical density and readability indices by using content analysis design through an online text analyzer software. Readability values were compared with the FleschmReading Ease Scale. The results of this study showed that lexical density values of al

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SCLIAR CABRAL, Leonor. "A propósito do reconhecimento das unidades lexicais no português// About the recognition of lexical units in Portuguese." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 28, no. 2 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.28.2.7-23.

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Resumo: Examinarei as complexas questões envolvidas no reconhecimento das unidades lexicais na cadeia da fala, no português, o que exige delimitá-las e, portanto, resolver os seguintes problemas: as distorções, as pausas e as hesitações; as variantes sociolinguísticas; as variantes fonéticas contextuais; a opacidade na delimitação dos itens, em especial, dos clíticos ou vocábulos átonos em decorrência das junturas ou sândi externo fechado e os itens lexicais novos. A metodologia é bibliográfica, pois discutirei as propostas dos mais renomados autores que se ocuparam do tema para concluir que a

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CUPPINI, CRISTIANO, ELISA MAGOSSO, and MAURO URSINO. "Learning the lexical aspects of a second language at different proficiencies: A neural computational study." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, no. 2 (2012): 266–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000617.

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We present an original model designed to study how a second language (L2) is acquired in bilinguals at different proficiencies starting from an existing L1. The model assumes that the conceptual and lexical aspects of languages are stored separately: conceptual aspects in distinct topologically organized Feature Areas, and lexical aspects in a single Lexical Network. Lexical and semantic aspects are then linked together during Hebbian learning phases by presenting L2 lexical items and their L1 translation equivalents. The model hypothesizes the existence of a competitive mechanism to solve con

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Sari, Andara Ninggar, and Rosyida Ekawati. "LEXICAL DENSITY IN READER’S DIGEST MAGAZINE." Prosodi 15, no. 1 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v15i1.10483.

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This study concerns with the use of lexical density in Reader’s Digest Magazine. This study used quantitative method. In collecting data, the writer used the document method. The source of data of this research is the lexical items and grammatical items in Reader’s Digest Magazine. In analyzing the data, the writer used lexical density theory by Ure. The source of data of this research is the lexical items and grammatical items in Reader’s Digest Magazine. The result of the lexical density shows there are health article with density around 61, 34%, animal kingdom article with density around 61

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Rosyadi ZA, Dede, Bima Kurniawan, Nisrinatus Zahiyah, Rosiana Sukma Anjani, and Elsa Alfida Maharani. "Lexicon Dialect Variations of Madurese in the Bangkalan and Sumenep Sociolinguistics Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 8, no. 1 (2025): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v8i1.42006.

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This research investigates the lexical variations within the dialects of the Madurese language, with a specific focus on the Bangkalan and Sumenep regions. The study seeks to identify and analyze the ways in which lexical items diverge between these dialects, considering how geographic factors play a role in shaping these variations. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the study employs a combination of observation, interviews, and field notes to gather comprehensive data. The findings demonstrate that although certain lexical items exhibit differences in form across the dialects, they

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Deibel, Isabel. "Adpositions in Media Lengua: Quichua or Spanish? – Evidence of a Lexical-Functional Split." Journal of Language Contact 12, no. 2 (2019): 404–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01202006.

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After decades of debate in linguistic theory, the lexical/functional status of adpositions is still controversial. Lexicon-Grammar mixed languages such as Media Lengua, spoken in Northern Ecuador, are excellent testing cases for such grammatical categories: This mixed language displays a conservative Quichua morphosyntactic frame while approximately 90% of its lexical roots are relexified from Spanish. Thus, due to the lexical-functional split Media Lengua displays, whether adpositions in this language are realized in Quichua or Spanish can speak to their status as a lexical/functional categor

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Gao, Xiu. "The Image of Jews as Constructed by Lexical Items." European Judaism 51, no. 2 (2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2018.510227.

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Abstract In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image

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Gao, Xiu. "The Image of Jews as Constructed by Lexical Items." European Judaism 51, no. 2 (2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2017.510227.

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In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image of the ‘

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MANNING, ALAN D. "The invariant code-significance of lexical items." Semiotica 73, no. 1-2 (1989): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/semi.1989.73.1-2.101.

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Cannon, Garland. "Modern Spanish-based Lexical Items in English." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 15, no. 1 (1994): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.1994.0014.

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Benilde Graña López. "The Denotative-Referential Dimension of Lexical Items." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 17 (December 31, 1996): 141–56. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.199611041.

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This paper defends the hypothesis that, along with the notion of Argument Structure, which encodes the lexical-conceptual properties of lexical predicates (i.e. the idea that the verb eat, for instance, takes two arguments, an Agent—the eater—and a Theme—the thing that is eaten—as shown in Peter ate the pizza), there is a second dimension to the meaning of lexical items. This level, which we call Denotative-Referential Structure, is concerned with the way words are embedded in the larger syntactic context (i.e. the phrase) that contains them, and are referentially constrained within that conte

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Pochepetska, T. M., and N. Yu Drabov. "METHODS OF TRANSLATING CULTURE-SPECIFIC LEXICAL ITEMS." Тrаnscarpathian Philological Studies, no. 36 (2024): 227–33. https://doi.org/10.32782/tps2663-4880/2024.36.39.

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Frazier, Lyn. "Processing discontinuous lexical items, by whatever name." Cognition 54, no. 3 (1995): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)00653-3.

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de Bot, Kees, Albert Cox, Steven Ralston, Anneli Schaufeli, and Bert Weltens. "Lexical processing in bilinguals." Second Language Research 11, no. 1 (1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839501100101.

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In this article data from an auditory lexical decision experiment with English-Dutch bilinguals are compared with data from a similar experiment using visual lexical decision. The aim of the experiments was to investigate three factors that may play a role in lexical processing: level of proficiency in the second language, mode of presentation (visual vs. auditory) and cognate- ness of lexical items. The structure of this article is as follows. In the first part a description is given of current theoretical models of the bilingual lexicon. In the second part we present a summary of an experime

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AMENGUAL, MARK. "Interlingual influence in bilingual speech: Cognate status effect in a continuum of bilingualism." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15, no. 3 (2011): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000460.

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The present study investigates voice onset times (VOTs) to determine if cognates enhance the cross-language phonetic influences in the speech production of a range of Spanish–English bilinguals: Spanish heritage speakers, English heritage speakers, advanced L2 Spanish learners, and advanced L2 English learners. To answer this question, lexical items with considerable phonological, semantic, and orthographic overlap (cognates) and lexical items with no phonological overlap with their English translation equivalents (non-cognates) were examined. The results indicate that there is a significant e

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Sudrajat, Muhamad Wisam, and Siti Wachidah. "The Lexical Density and Experiential Structure of Nominal Groups of the Discussion Section of Skripsis and Research Articles." Stairs 3, no. 2 (2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/stairs.3.2.4.

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This research aimed to see the lexical density of the discussion section of three skripsis (SK) and three research articles (RA) and the experiential structure of its nominal groups. Halliday’s lexical density measurement, which divides the number of lexical items by the number of clauses, was used. It was found that SK has a higher lexical density level than RA (8,5 compared to 6,8). The reason is that one of the SK texts repeats dozens of lexical items in one clause, giving it a high lexical density score. If the text were to be ignored, then SK’s lexical density would be lower than RA (5,7

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Silalahi, Mery. "LEXICAL ITEMS IN BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE REPRESENTING FAUNA, FLORA, AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: ECOLINGUISTICS STUDY." Haluan Sastra Budaya 3, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/hsb.v3i1.30204.

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<p>In the ecolinguistic view, the relationship between human and nature (ecology) produces a variety of languages (linguistics). Language and environment are two things that influence each other. Change in language, both in the lexicon or grammar, cannot be released from changes in the natural and social environment. On the one hand, environmental changes have an impact on change in language, and on the other hand, the community behavior towards their environment influenced by the language they use. Thus, the dynamics of the existence of the lexicon are affected by changes in the environ

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Qureshi, Marriyam, Sultan Muhammad, and Naeem Khan Jadoon. "LEXIS OF PAKISTANI ENGLISH: A STUDY OF LEXICAL BORROWING IN PAKISTANI ANGLOPHONE LITERATURE." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (2023): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1214.

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Pakistani English, an institutionalized variation of English, developed as a result of language contact between English and the Pakistani language. One of the most notable features of this variant is the significant creativity in the lexis. In this study, based on Shah's, A Season for Martyrs (2014), and Mueenuddin's, In Other Rooms, Other Wonders (2009) the researchers explored the language's vocabulary through the lexical borrowings of single words and their assimilation in Pakistani English. They used qualitative content analysis method to analyze lexical borrowings of single items and thei

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Manurung, Apryl, and Kammer Tuahman Sipayung. "An Analysis LexIcal Density of Reading text in SMA Imelda Medan." JETAL: Journal of English Teaching & Applied Linguistic 1, no. 1 (2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jetal.v1i1.124.

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 The objectives of the study was to find out the lexical density for lexical items and the dominant kind of lexical items in reading text of the second grade of SMA IMELDA SWASTA MEDAN. This study was conducted by mixed method.This study was done by analysing ten ( 10 ) reading text from the �Bahasa Inggris � textbook. The result of analysis showed that : (1) seven texts (7) were categories medium =50% lexical density. It meant that the text was easy to understand by students and three (3) texts were low =50 % lexical density that means the text was easiest to understand in teaching read

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Kimani, James. "PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF MARRIAGE DOWRY NEGOTIATIONS IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES AFRICA." European Journal of Historical Research 1, no. 1 (2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhr.796.

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Purpose: Kenya’s foreign policy has largely rested with the presidency as has been shown by the analysis of the Uhuru Kenyatta Regimes. The general objective of the study was to examine pragmatic analysis of marriage dowry negotiations in local communities Africa. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concludes that for good negotiations to take place, interpersonal relationship has to be realized and this was done by using relevant lexic

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Sipka, Danko. "Lexical dynamics of the 1990: Numbers and letters." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 60 (2004): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0460099d.

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The author presents the data concerning the Serbo-Croatian lexical dynamics of the 1990s. He notes that the changes in this period were fundamental far-reaching. They left a visible trace not only in the lexicon, but also in the grammatical system of the language. It is interesting to note that despite the popular perception, the new ethnically marked lexical items were characterized by only moderate frequency.

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Little, Carol. "AMERICAN REGIONAL LEXICAL SURVEY: GENDER AND AGE IN LEXICAL CHANGE IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES." Discourse and Interaction 5, no. 2 (2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2012-2-51.

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The American South has always been a distinct linguistic region. Using data from the American Regional Lexical Survey, this study shows the overall decline in use of Southern lexical terms. The following explores these changes in lexical choice in this region by comparing gender over time. Women’s choice to use Southern lexical items decreases whereas men’s usage of Southern lexical items increases significantly in the youngest generation. The results from this survey depict the effects of changing population demographics and labour statistics on choice of lexical item.

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Nurmadani, Afri Tamara. "WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES OF MEDICAL LEXICAL ITEMS IN THE JAKARTA POST’S ARTICLES." UC Journal: ELT, Linguistics and Literature Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/uc.v3i1.4744.

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The understanding of medical lexical items needs to be improved in society to make people know and aware of their health issues in their daily life. This research focused on the morphology phenomenon, especially the word-formation process that happened in The Jakarta Post’s articles. This research aims to know the formation of medical lexical items that appear in the articles. The data was collected from The Jakarta Post’s articles, especially articles related to health topics. The data were classified into several types of word-formation based on the theory from Bauer (1983 2003), which suppo

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AYOUN, DALILA. "Grammatical gender assignment in French: dispelling the native speaker myth." Journal of French Language Studies 28, no. 1 (2017): 113–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095926951700014x.

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ABSTRACTThis study highlights the complexity of French grammatical gender as a lexical property at the interface of morpho-phonology and the lexicon. French native speakers (n = 168) completed a gender assignment task with written stimuli illustrating common versus uncommon nouns, vowel-initial versus consonant-initial nouns, compounds and grammatical homonyms; they also indicated the strategies they used to assign a gender to stimuli. The findings showed strong lexical and gender effects suggesting that grammatical gender must be acquired for individual lexical items as morpho-phonological cu

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MARIAN, VIORICA, and MICHAEL SPIVEY. "Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items." Applied Psycholinguistics 24, no. 2 (2003): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716403000092.

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Performance of bilingual Russian–English speakers and monolingual English speakers during auditory processing of competing lexical items was examined using eye tracking. Results revealed that both bilinguals and monolinguals experienced competition from English lexical items overlapping phonetically with an English target item (e.g., spear and speaker). However, only bilingual speakers experienced competition from Russian competitor items overlapping crosslinguistically with an English target (e.g., spear and spichki, Russian for matches). English monolinguals treated the Russian competitors a

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Wei, Longxing. "Codeswitching as Projection of Bilingual Lemmas in Contact." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 4, no. 1 (2020): p40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v4n1p40.

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Unlike most previous studies of Codeswitching (CS) focused on describing surface configurations of switched items (i.e., where CS is structurally possible) or the switched items (i.e., what items from another language can be switched), this paper explores formulation processes of bilingual speech and the nature of the bilingual mental lexicon and its activity in CS. More specifically, it applies the Bilingual Lemma Activation Model (Wei, 2002, 2006b) to the data drawn from various naturally occurring CS instances. It claims that the mental lexicon does not simply contain lexemes and their mean

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Khumaeroh, Putri, and Syahfitri Purnama. "EXPLORING LEXICAL AND METRICAL STRESS IN MAYA ANGELOU'S POEM ENTITLED 'STILL I RISE': A PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE." INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching 3, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/inference.v3i1.5804.

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<p>This study deals with phonological analysis, which focuses on analyzing lexical and metrical stress in Maya Angelou's poem entitled 'Still I Rise.' This study explores the lexical stress and metrical stress used in Angelou's poem, which answers the research questions. This method is the qualitative method which means the data was written text. The writer intends to determine what lexical stress (primary and secondary stress) and metrical stress (iamb, trochee, and dactyl) are in the poem text. This research showed that lexical stress, namely primary stress with total numbers, is 43 it

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Kashchy, Olena. "PLURIZENTRITITÄT DER DEUTSCHSPRACHIGEN TERMINOLOGIE IM AMTS- UND VERWALTUNGSBEREICH." Odessa Linguistic Journal, no. 12 (2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/2312-3192/12/4.

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The article is devoted to the revealing and analysis of the lexical features of the Austrian version of the German language as a pluriscentric language in the field of management and administration. The lexical differences between the German and Austrian versions of the German language are so significant that they can hinder free orientation in the German-speaking space and correct language use. The existing lexical differences are partly caused by the social and public system peculiarities of the country, the specifics of the administrative structure and state broadcasting. The sources of the

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