Journal articles: 'Lexical relations'

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Jackendoff, Ray, and Jenny Audring. "Morphological schemas." New Questions for the Next Decade 11, no. 3 (December 16, 2016): 467–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.3.06jac.

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We propose a theory of the lexicon in which rules of grammar, encoded as declarative schemas, are lexical items containing variables. We develop a notation to encode precise relations among lexical items and show how this differs from the standard notion of inheritance. We also show how schemas can play both a generative role, acting as productive rules, and also a relational role, where they codify nonproductive but nevertheless prolific patterns within the lexicon. We then show how this theory of lexical relations can be embedded directly into a theory of lexical access and lexical processing, such that it can make direct contact with experimental findings.

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Zhou, Jiayu, Shi Wang, and Cungen Cao. "Learning Hierarchical Lexical Hyponymy." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 4, no. 1 (January 2010): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2010010106.

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Chinese information processing is a critical step toward cognitive linguistic applications like machine translation. Lexical hyponymy relation, which exists in some Eastern languages like Chinese, is a kind of hyponymy that can be directly inferred from the lexical compositions of concepts, and of great importance in ontology learning. However, a key problem is that the lexical hyponymy is so commonsense that it cannot be discovered by any existing acquisition methods. In this paper, we systematically define lexical hyponymy relationship, its linguistic features and propose a computational approach to semi-automatically learn hierarchical lexical hyponymy relations from a large-scale concept set, instead of analyzing lexical structures of concepts. Our novel approach discovered lexical hyponymy relation by examining statistic features in a Common Suffix Tree. The experimental results show that our approach can correctly discover most lexical hyponymy relations in a given large-scale concept set.

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Miller, George, Christiane Fellbaum, Judy Kegl, and Katherine Miller. "WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Reference System Based on Theories of Lexical Memory." Revue québécoise de linguistique 17, no. 2 (May 20, 2009): 181–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602632ar.

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Abstract This paper describes WordNet, an on-line lexical reference system whose design is based on psycholinguistic theories of human lexical organization and memory. English nouns, verbs, and adjectives are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Synonym sets are then related via three principal conceptual relations: hyponymy, meronymy, and antonymy. Verbs are additionally specified for presupposition relations that hold among them, and for their most common semantic/syntactic frames. By attempting to mirror the organization of the mental lexicon, WordNet strives to serve the linguistically unsophisticated user.

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Iskandarova, Sharifa Madalievna, and Dilafruzkhon Shukhratovna Rakhmatullaeva. "Associative Relations Between Lexical Units Of The Uzbek Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 27, 2021): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue03-39.

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van Helden-Lankhaar, Marja. "A connection in lexical development." Annual Review of Language Acquisition 1 (October 19, 2001): 157–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arla.1.05hel.

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The relationship is examined between two different domains of lexical development: innovative compounding and access to abstract lexical relations. The creation of novel compounds as appropriate labels for novel concepts requires the accessibility of relatively abstract relations between word meanings in the mental lexicon. In a picture naming task in which novel concepts have to be labeled (e.g., a vehicle that can both sail and drive) children’s production of appropriate novel compounds (e.g., car-boat) increases with age. This compound production is, independently of age, related to children’s ability to access coordinate lexical relations (such as between cat and dog) in a contrastive word association task (‘a cat is not a...?’). It is proposed that this connection between innovative compounding and access to coordinate relations is cognitive in nature and involves a common ability for lexical comparisons. Innovative compounding reflects comparison ‘on the spot’ between the novel concept and available related word meaning knowledge, and contrastive coordinate production reflects the results of developmentally earlier comparison processes evoked by adult contrastive input.

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Setianingrum, Diah Ayu, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Sri Wuli Fitriati. "The Use of Semantic Lexical Relation in Rowlingâ€™s â€œHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallowsâ€." English Education Journal 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.35892.

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Semantics is the study of wordsâ€™ meaning. One of the branches of semantics is a lexical relation study. It refers to the relationship between the meaning of words. The focus of this article is the explanation of the use of three types of lexical relations: synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy in the Rowlingâ€™s novel â€œHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallowsâ€. The study aims to explain the use of the elements or the three types of semantics lexical relation appeared in that novel.This study employed qualitative research in the form of content analysis which deeply investigates the meanings in the novel. The units of analysis are words that appeared in the novel, taken from the whole chapters of the novel. Therefore, the object is semantics lexical relations comprising three types of lexical relations: synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy.The findings show that each type of lexical relation is interconnected with one another. The most dominant type that is used by the author of the novel is antonymy. There were 148 out of 319 items, followed by synonymy with 97 finding items and then hyponymy with 26 finding items.This current study hopefully can enhance the teacher or lecturers and the students English Language Education to involve the semantics lexical relation. Moreover, the findings and discussions can be applied in English Language Education Study Program, specifically in the semantics subject. The implications of lexical relation could be found not only in an English textbook but also in literature work such as novel, poetry, poem, even in play or drama, which is the subject that is required to learn by every single student.

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Shimotori, Misuzu. "Conceptual relations in the semantic domain of Swedish dimensional adjectives." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 46, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2016-0023.

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Abstract In the conventional study of lexical semantics, adjectives are not considered likely to have a hierarchical relation, such as a meronymic (part-whole) relation, to each other. The most possible lexical relations among adjectives are antonymy and synonymy. In this study, however, I assume that meronomic relations between internal members of dimensional adjectives (e. g. big, long, deep) are conceptually possible from an ontological point of view. By using a semantic task, i. e. anaphora resolution, I draw the following conclusion: dimensional adjectives themselves have no meronymic relation to each other. However, restricting our discussion to the usage of Swedish dimensional adjectives in modifying concrete entities, the conceptual relations between the general term, e. g. BIG,1I use capital letters to indicate concepts throughout this essay. Lexical items are written in italics. and specific terms, e. g. LONG, DEEP, are mentally organized in a part-whole relation and thus in a meronomic structure. When applied to the whole expression which is a concept of a big entity, such as BIG CUP, there are meronomic relations between concepts of the big entity and its parts, e. g. BIG CUP – DEEP CUP.

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Arora, Kushal, Aishik Chakraborty, and Jackie C. K. Cheung. "Learning Lexical Subspaces in a Distributional Vector Space." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (July 2020): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00316.

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In this paper, we propose LexSub, a novel approach towards unifying lexical and distributional semantics. We inject knowledge about lexical-semantic relations into distributional word embeddings by defining subspaces of the distributional vector space in which a lexical relation should hold. Our framework can handle symmetric attract and repel relations (e.g., synonymy and antonymy, respectively), as well as asymmetric relations (e.g., hypernymy and meronomy). In a suite of intrinsic benchmarks, we show that our model outperforms previous approaches on relatedness tasks and on hypernymy classification and detection, while being competitive on word similarity tasks. It also outperforms previous systems on extrinsic classification tasks that benefit from exploiting lexical relational cues. We perform a series of analyses to understand the behaviors of our model. 1 Code available at https://github.com/aishikchakraborty/LexSub .

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Boelens, Harrie, and Jeroen Mollers. "In Search of Competition between Lexical and Grammatical Growth." Psychological Reports 104, no. 2 (April 2009): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.2.407-417.

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Relations between lexical and grammatical growth were examined in a Dutch boy from age 1:0 to 2:6. The overall shape of lexical growth was a pronounced increase in rate until age 2:2 approximately and a slight decrease in rate thereafter. Two measures of early grammatical growth (the percentage of obligatory plural contexts in which plurals were used and mean length of utterances) reached high levels well before the age of 2:2. Further, there was no evidence for a relation between the change from one week to the next in the number of new words and the change from one week to the next on the two grammatical measures. Thus, no evidence for competition between lexical and grammatical growth was found on both a larger and a smaller time scale. Patterns of lexical and grammatical growth suggestive of competition may be especially likely when the productive lexicon grows very fast initially.

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Bouveret, Myriam. "Fonctions lexicales pour le typage de relations syntagmatiques et paradigmatiques." Terminology 12, no. 2 (November 13, 2006): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.12.2.05mor.

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In this paper, we present the conversion of a specialized dictionary of bioindustries by means of Lexical Functions (Mel’čuk et al. 1984, 1988, 1992, 1999 ; Mel’čuk et al. 1995). The dictionary is based on semantic derivation as described in Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology, and explores compatibilities with lexico-syntactic descriptions as in Fillmore (1977, 2003) and Levin (1993) in order to assign circumstantial Lexical Functions. We first describe semantic relations such as hyperonymy, hyponymy, synonymy, antonymy and several cases of meronymy ; subsequently, we discuss verbs and predicative relations with reference to arguments and adjuncts. Finally, we explore the possibility of pursuing the research with an additional entry for definitions.

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Tremper, Galina, and Anette Frank. "A Discriminative Analysis of Fine-Grained Semantic Relations including Presupposition: Annotation and Classification." Dialogue & Discourse 4, no. 2 (July 19, 2013): 282–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2013.212.

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In contrast to classical lexical semantic relations between verbs, such as antonymy, synonymy or hypernymy, presupposition is a lexically triggered semantic relation that is not well covered in existing lexical resources. It is also understudied in the field of corpus-based methods of learning semantic relations. Yet, presupposition is very important for semantic and discourse analysis tasks, given the implicit information that it conveys. In this paper we present a corpus-based method for acquiring presupposition-triggering verbs along with verbal relata that express their presupposed meaning. We approach this difficult task using a discriminative classification method that jointly determines and distinguishes a broader set of inferential semantic relations between verbs. The present paper focuses on important methodological aspects of our work: (i) a discriminative analysis of the semantic properties of the chosen set of relations, (ii) the selection of features for corpus-based classification and (iii) design decisions for the manual annotation of fine-grained semantic relations between verbs. (iv) We present the results of a practical annotation effort leading to a gold standard resource for our relation inventory, and (v) we report results for automatic classification of our target set of fine-grained semantic relations, including presupposition. We achieve a classification performance of 55% F1-score, a 100% improvement over a best-feature baseline.

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Meurers, W. Detmar. "On Expressing Lexical Generalizations in HPSG." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (December 2001): 161–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/033258601753358605.

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This paper investigates the status of the lexicon and the possibilities for expressing lexical generalizations in the paradigm of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). We illustrate that the architecture readily supports the use of implicational principles to express generalizations over a class of word objects. A second kind of lexical generalizations expressing relations between classes of words is often expressed in terms of lexical rules. We show how lexical rules can be integrated into the formal setup for HPSG developed by King (1989, 1994), investigate a lexical rule specification language allowing the linguist to only specify those properties which are supposed to differ between the related classes, and define how this lexical rule specification language is interpreted. We thereby provide a formalization of lexical rules as used in HPSG.

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Stalmaszczyk, Piotr. "LANGUAGE AND THE LEXICON: AN INTRODUCTION. David Singleton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xii + 244. $65.00 cloth, $19.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, no. 3 (August 4, 2003): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263103220192.

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David Singleton observes in the opening lines of Language and the lexicon that “almost everything in language is related in some way or other to words” (p. 1). There is little wonder, therefore, that the lexicon has been at the center of linguistic research and controversies for a long time. Organized into 10 chapters, this book offers a concise overview of major topics in contemporary research. The first chapter provides necessary background information and an overview of the volume. The remaining nine chapters cover a wide range of issues relevant to the lexicon, lexicology, and lexicography. Chapter 2 looks at the lexicon-syntax interface and introduces some contemporary approaches to linguistics and to the lexicon in particular. Chapter 3 presents basic aspects of morphology and word formation, whereas chapter 4 deals with “lexical partnerships,” especially collocations, and rudimentary information on language corpora. Chapter 5 turns to lexical semantics and problems involved in analyzing meaning, and chapter 6 briefly investigates the relations between words, sounds, signs, and writing systems. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on different dimensions of lexical change. Chapter 7 tackles the social, regional, and situational aspects of lexical variation, and chapter 8 describes lexical change, historical processes, language contact, and lexical engineering. Chapter 9 explores the mental lexicon and models of lexical processing. This chapter includes a disappointingly short section on the lexicon in SLA. Finally, the last chapter surveys key concepts and developments in lexicography.

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ASHKENAZI, Orit, Steven GILLIS, and Dorit RAVID. "Input–output relations in Hebrew verb acquisition at the morpho-lexical interface." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000540.

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AbstractThis study examined early Hebrew verb acquisition, highlighting CDS–CS relations across inflectional and derivational verb learning. It was carried out on a corpus of longitudinal dense dyadic interactions of two Hebrew-speaking toddlers aged 1;8–2;2 and their parents. Findings revealed correlated patterns within and between CDS and CS corpora in terms of verbs, structural root categories, and their components (roots, binyan conjugations, and derivational verb families), and clear relations between lexical-derivational development and inflectional growth in input–output relations, measured by MSP. It also showed that both corpora had few, yet highly semantically coherent, derivational families. Lexical learning in Hebrew was shown to be morphologically oriented, with both inflectional and derivational learning supporting and being supported by the development of the verb lexicon. These findings support findings in the general literature regarding the close relationship between parental input and child speech, and the affinity between lexical and grammatical growth.

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LEE, LESLIE, and FARRELL ACKERMAN. "Word-based morphology–syntax interdependencies: Thai passives." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 359–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000456.

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In this article, we argue that insights concerning the word-based nature of morphology, especially the hypothesis that periphrastic expressions are cross-linguistically common exponents of lexical relations, permit a novel lexical constructional analysis of periphrastic predicates that preserves the restriction of morphosyntactic mapping operations, such as passive, to the lexicon. We do this in the context of the periphrastic Thaithuukpassive, justifying in detail the monoclausal status of the construction, its flat phrase structure, the semantics of affectedness associated with it, and its paradigmatic opposition with other passive constructions in the language. Building on the proposal of Bonami & Webelhuth (2013) and Bonami (2015) that a periphrase relies on a form of the main verb that selects collocationally for an auxiliary element, we develop an analysis of Thai periphrastic passives in which the surface syntax of these predicates is mediated by appropriate lexical representations. Crucially, the rearrangement of arguments in the passive is done lexically, via lexical rule, rather than in the syntax. The resulting analysis is consistent with the classical tradition of Word and Paradigm morphology, which posits periphrastic expression as one of several encoding strategies for the realization of morphosyntactic information within words.

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Orna-Montesinos, Concepción. "Words and patterns: lexico-grammatical patterns and semantic relations in domain-specific discourses." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 24 (November 15, 2011): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2011.24.09.

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The underlying assumption of this study is the understanding of a specialized term as a summary of disciplinary knowledge, formalized at a textual level in the contextual relations which structure disciplinary lexical knowledge and are therefore essential for the successful interpretation of a text. With that aim this paper carries the analysis of the lexico-grammatical patterns which signal the hyponymy and meronymy relations of the term building, a key disciplinary concept in a corpus of construction engineering textbooks, using the WordNet database for reference. The linguistic analysis of the repertoire of lexico-grammatical patterns employed brings to the fore the dual role of hyponymy and meronymy as both semantic and metalinguistic discourse-organizing lexical resources, key in the rhetorical organization of the discourse of this discipline.

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Minto-García, Aline, Natalia Arias-Trejo, and Elsa M. Vargas-García. "Lexical Relations in Spanish-Speaking Older Adults." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 49, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 663–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-020-09708-5.

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McDonough, Laraine, Soonja Choi, and Jean M. Mandler. "Understanding spatial relations: Flexible infants, lexical adults." Cognitive Psychology 46, no. 3 (May 2003): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0285(02)00514-5.

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Fontenelle, T. "INTRODUCTION: DICTIONARIES, THESAURI AND LEXICAL-SEMANTIC RELATIONS." International Journal of Lexicography 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/13.4.229.

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Joon-Kyung Cha and 임해창. "Morpho―Semantic Relations in Lexical―Semantic Network." Review of Korean Cultural Studies ll, no. 34 (August 2010): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17329/kcbook.2010..34.007.

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Varella, Stavroula. "Lexical relations in a cross-linguistic context." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.05var.

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Abstract It can be proved that words passing across linguistic barriers are often nothing more than acoustic images whose original meaning cannot necessarily be fully grasped and adopted; that is, mere strings of sounds whose meaning is subject not only to some semantic restriction or specialization, but also to more unpredictable semantic shifts. Cross-linguistic communication, in the absence of perfect bilingualism, is prone to errors, misunderstandings, or, perhaps, creative assignments of meaning triggered by context. Such ‘errors’ become apparent and amuse only when a cross-linguistic semantic comparison is undertaken. This paper attempts to reveal some interesting lexical relations occurring cross-linguistically, for which some psycholinguistic and/ or cultural explanations will be explored. Résumé Il est possible de démontrer que les mots traversant les barrières linguistiques ne sont souvent rien d’autre que des images acoustiques dont la signification originale ne peut pas être nécessairement totalement comprise et adoptée. Ce sont de simples séquences de sons dont la signification est sujette, non seulement à une restriction ou à une spécialisation sémantique, mais aussi à des changements sémantiques plus imprévisibles. Une communication translinguistique, en l’absence d’un parfait bilinguisme, est prédisposée à des erreurs, à des malentendus ou, peutêtre, à des attributions créatives de signification, engendrées par le contexte. De telles « erreurs » ne deviennent apparentes et n’amusent que lorsqu’une comparaison sémantique translinguistique est entreprise.

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Ma, Minhua, and Paul Mc Kevitt. "Interval Relations in Lexical Semantics of Verbs." Artificial Intelligence Review 21, no. 3/4 (June 2004): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:aire.0000036260.50412.a8.

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Gopestake, Ann, Ted Briscoe, Piek Vossen, Alicia Ageno, Irene Castellon, Francesc Ribas, German Rigau, Horacio Rodr�guez, and Anna Samiotou. "Acquisition of lexical translation relations from MRDS." Machine Translation 9, no. 3-4 (1995): 183–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00980578.

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SANSAVINI, ALESSANDRA, ANNALISA GUARINI, ROSINA ALESSANDRONI, GIACOMO FALDELLA, GIULIANA GIOVANELLI, and GIANPAOLO SALVIOLI. "Early relations between lexical and grammatical development in very immature Italian preterms." Journal of Child Language 33, no. 1 (February 2006): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905007208.

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This study aimed to investigate early lexical and grammatical development and their relations in a sample of very immature healthy preterms, in order to assess whether their linguistic development was typical, at risk or atypical. The effects of biological factors and parental level of education on preterms' linguistic development were also investigated. Seventy-three Italian preterms and 22 Italian fullterms (control sample) were assessed at 2;6 with an Italian test of repetition of sentences (TRF). Their mothers completed the Italian version of the MacArthur questionnaire (PVB). Our results showed that most of the preterm sample displayed a typical development, compared with the fullterms, with lexicon and grammar within the normal range and a normal relation between these competencies. However, preterms characterized by an extremely low birthweight (ELBW), a very low gestational age and male gender were at risk, with slight delays in the lexicon and grammar, but still retaining the normal relation between the two.

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Lasersohn, Peter. "Lexical Distributivity and Implicit Arguments." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 3 (October 8, 1993): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v3i0.2751.

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Popular assumptions about distributive predicates and implicit arguments interact to predict incorrect truth conditions for sentences in which a predicate takes both an implicit argument and an overt distributive argument. This paper argues that the conflict provides evidence for a particular approach to argument structure and in particular to the semantics of implicit arguments: namely, a "neo-Davidsonian" approach, in which thematic roles are analyzed as relations between events and individuals, and existentially interpreted implicit arguments do not appear in the syntax or in logical representation at all. The effect of implicit arguments is produced through the use of meaning postulates guaranteeing that any atomic event of a given type must bear the appropriate thematic relation to some individual.

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Monogarova, A. G., and M. N. Latu. "LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF SUBJECT AND OBJECT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (BASED ON DEFINITIONS OF TERMS OF DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL FIELDS)." Juvenis scientia, no. 11 (2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2018.11.12.

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The paper presents the most common patterns of representation of subject and object relations in the definitions of terms, and identifies the ways of implementing subject relations between elements of scientific knowledge in active and passive structures that are part of the structure of applied models of organization of scientific knowledge. In addition, the article raises the question of the potential of various grammatical structures in the context of the transfer of subject and object relations. The results of the study show that system relation S can be represented by lexical and grammatical means. The lexical verbalizes of this relation are the key words of blocks of subject relations, and among the grammatical language means it is possible to distinguish the category of case.

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KOTLERMAN, LILI, IDO DAGAN, IDAN SZPEKTOR, and MAAYAN ZHITOMIRSKY-GEFFET. "Directional distributional similarity for lexical inference." Natural Language Engineering 16, no. 4 (October 2010): 359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324910000124.

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AbstractDistributional word similarity is most commonly perceived as a symmetric relation. Yet, directional relations are abundant in lexical semantics and in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) settings that require lexical inference, making symmetric similarity measures less suitable for their identification. This paper investigates the nature of directional (asymmetric) similarity measures that aim to quantify distributional feature inclusion. We identify desired properties of such measures for lexical inference, specify a particular measure based on Average Precision that addresses these properties, and demonstrate the empirical benefit of directional measures for two different NLP datasets.

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Koch, Peter, and Daniela Marzo. "A two-dimensional approach to the study of motivation in lexical typology and its first application to French high-frequency vocabulary." Studies in Language 31, no. 2 (April 6, 2007): 259–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.2.02koc.

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‘Morphological’ and ‘semantic’ motivation are not just two types (Ullmann 1966), but two interrelated dimensions of the problem of lexical motivation. For instance, Fr. poire ‘pear’ — poirier ‘pear-tree’ expresses the same cognitive relation as the polysemy of Russ. gruša, and, at the same time, polysemy is only one formal device among others expressing cognitive relations that underlie lexical motivation. So the two dimensions of formal and cognitive relations in motivation only exist in combination. A sub-dimension of the formal aspect of motivation is the degree of formal transparency (cf. Fr. jouer ‘to play a game’ — jeu ‘game’). This factorization in different dimensions leads to a universally applicable grid for the description of lexical motivation. As a first step of a future comparative research project of lexical motivation in different languages it is applied to the 500 most frequent lexical words of French and yields a systematic motivational profile of French high-frequency vocabulary. In Section 5.3 the French pilot study is discussed in view of an approach to lexical typology which could be applied to any other language.

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Jousse, Anne-Laure, and Myriam Bouveret. "Lexical functions to represent derivational relations in specialized dictionaries." Terminology 9, no. 1 (September 2, 2003): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.9.1.05jou.

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We present in this paper a model of derivation encoded by means of Lexical Functions (Mel’č uk et al. 1984–1999, Mel’čuk et al. 1995, Wanner 1996). It is based on semantic derivation as in the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology, but we examine the category of morphological derivatives in order to organize sets of derivatives around a key term. Lexical functions express linguistic relations between words and allow a rigorous encoding. We use Standard Lexical functions and also discuss the usefulness of non-standard Lexical Function such as {avant}, {à distance}, {réciprocité} for the specific needs of some derivatives found in the corpus. We describe the structuration of such a terminology for the purpose of a specialized dictionary.

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Khafaga, Ayman F. "Linguistic Representation of Power in Edward Bond’s Lear: A Lexico-Pragmatic Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (November 12, 2019): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p404.

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This paper investigates the linguistic representation of power in Edward Bond’s Lear (1978). More specifically, the paper tries to explore the extent to which power is linguistically represented manipulatively and/or persuasively by means of specific lexical and pragmatic devices in the discourse of the selected play. The main objective of the paper is to explore how power relations, irrespective of their type, influence the cognitive world of the discourse participants, which in turn attempts a change in their conversational behavior to the extent that allows the acceptance of a specific argument in a particular way. The paper adopts a lexico-pragmatic perspective to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), instanced by Fairclough’s (1989) lexical model for the analysis of discourse, and the concepts of politeness and face (Thomas, 1995; Yule, 1996a). The main research question of the paper is: to what extent do different power relations, encoded lexically and/or pragmatically, affect the conversational behavior of the play’s characters, persuasively and/or manipulatively? Some lexical and pragmatic strategies have been highlighted and then linguistically analyzed to expose their effectiveness in deciphering persuasive and manipulative power relations in the selected play. Among these strategies are: euphemism, myth-making, positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation, and politeness strategies. The paper concludes that power has linguistically been encoded in the discourse of the selected play, both persuasively and manipulatively, to affect a cognitive shift in behavior reflected in the conversational interaction among characters.

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Soares, Eliane Pereira Machado. "MEMÓRIA, IDENTIDADE E CULTURA NO VOCABULÁRIO DO ESCRITOR JOÃO BRASIL | MEMORY, IDENTITY AND CULTURE IN THE VOCABULARY OF WRITER JOÃO BRASIL." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, no. 63 (October 3, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v0i63.33767.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Resumo</span><span>: Este trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa sobre o vocabulário da obra literária do autor memorialista João Brasil Monteiro, da cidade de Marabá, Estado do Pará, com o objetivo de estabelecer relações entre língua e identidade e a memória coletiva local. O referencial teórico e metodológico remete à análise léxico-semântica de lexias, organizadas em campos lexicais Coseriu (1979). A organização do vocabulário em si apresentará os verbetes em ordem alfabética, em campos semânticos, com as respectivas informações gramaticais, definições e remissivas, para tanto utilizaremos a ferramenta computacional Lexique Pro. Até o momento já foram identificados cerca de 600 itens lexicais. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Abstract: </span><span>This work results from a research on the vocabulary of the literary work of the memorialist author João Brasil Monteiro, from the city of Marabá, State of Pará, in order to establish relations between language and identity and local collective memory. The theoretical and methodological referential refers to the lexical-semantic analysis of lexias, organized in lexical fields Coseriu (1979). The organization of the vocabulary itself will present the entries in alphabetical order, in semantic fields, with the respective grammatical information, definitions and references, for which we will use the Lexique Pro computational tool. To date, about 600 lexical items have been identified. </span></p><p><span>Keywords: </span><span>Lexicon; Regional Language; Vocabulary. </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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Maziarz, Marek, Stanisław Szpakowicz, and Maciej Piasecki. "Semantic relations among adjectives in Polish WordNet 2.0: a new relation set, discussion and evaluation." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 12 (November 24, 2015): 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2012.011.

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Semantic relations among adjectives in Polish WordNet 2.0: a new relation set, discussion and evaluationAdjectives in wordnets are often neglected: there are many fewer of them than nouns, and relations among them are sometimes not as varied as those among nouns or verbs. Polish WordNet 1.0 was no exception. Version 2.0 aims to correct that. We present an overview of a much larger set of lexical-semantic relations which connect adjectives to the other parts of the network. Our choice of relations has been motivated by linguistic considerations, especially the concerns of the Polish lexical semantics, and by pragmatic reasons. The discussion includes detailed substitution tests, meant to ensure consistency among wordnet editors.

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van Lier, Eva, and Maria Messerschmidt. "Lexical restrictions on grammatical relations in voice and valency constructions." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 75, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2022-1047.

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Abstract This paper introduces the topic and the contributions of this special issue. While lexical restrictions are well-studied for grammatical relations defining argument coding (case marking and indexation), they are also common with voice and valency constructions, be they morphologically coded or not. The paper defines relevant terms and sketches the development of current usage-based approaches to lexical restrictions, in reaction to earlier lexicalist and constructional approaches. It then reviews existing studies of lexical restrictions on valency-preserving and valency-changing constructions, drawing connections with the other papers in this issue. In closing, it recommends further corpus-based cross-linguistic research of lexical restrictions.

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Kim, Jinhae, and Minwoo Lee. "The New Horizon of Lexical Relations, Folksonomy(1)." Journal of Humanities 36 (June 30, 2018): 7–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35559/tjoh.36.1.

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Pajusalu, K., A. Krikmann, and E. Winkler. "Lexical Relations between Salaca Livonian and Estonian Dialects." Linguistica Uralica 45, no. 4 (2009): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2009.4.04.

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Priss, Uta. "Efficient Implementation of Semantic Relations in Lexical Databases." Computational Intelligence 15, no. 1 (February 1999): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00083.

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Waxman, Sandra R., and Ann Senghas. "Relations among word meanings in early lexical development." Developmental Psychology 28, no. 5 (1992): 862–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.862.

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Rafida, Tien. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON LEXICAL RELATIONS IN PUJAKESUMA LANGUAGE." JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics Literature and Language Teaching) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v4i2.754.

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Human beings need language as their communication because language as the branch of linguistic. When all people speak in a communication is a process and then, there must be both sender and receiver. Sometimes, all people only talk interaction not only directly interact and something more meaningless. In the branch of linguistics, semantic is the study about all the aspects of meaning outside the grammatical of language which different with morphology and syntax that concern with grammatical of language. In this paper, the writer interest to discuss about semantic analysis on lexical in Pujakesuma because semantics is one of the important aspect in linguistics and lexical of Javanese society nomads in Sumatera Utara (Pujakesuma) is also have different meaning to be analyzed.

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Gotsoulia, Voula. "Formalization of linking information in the FrameNet lexicon." Constructions and Frames 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 103–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.4.2.01got.

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The paper presents a novel approach to formalization of linking information in the FrameNet lexicon and to acquisition of a principled syntax-semantics interface, suitable for generalizing over combinatorial properties (valences) of predicators. Focusing on verbs that denote ‘notions’, it adopts an entailment-based view of the concept of semantic role, proposing representations of verbal arguments based on semantically primitive, grammatically relevant properties, entailed by the meaning of predicators (lexical entailments). Such generic meaning components abstract over various semantic relations which humans tend to express systematically through language. A limited set of prototypical role-like concepts can be used for modeling the linking properties of a wide range of verbs, in a well-ordered fashion. In a preliminary study, frame-semantic representations of a set of notion verbs are mapped onto lexical entailment representations, in a portion of the FrameNet corpora. From the annotated data set, associations of semantic and grammatical categories are extracted and are formally rendered in entailment-based classes called Lexicalization Types (L-Types). L-Types are speciﬁed in terms of combinations of entailed properties, encoding distinctive predicate-argument structure patterns. A small number of L-Types is shown to readily abstract over the valence patterns of verbs classiﬁed in a variety of FrameNet frames. The latter are not systematically connected for purposes of linking. Valence generalizations in the FrameNet lexicon are acquired through appropriate frame-to-frame relations forming the frame hierarchy. L-Types can be represented as abstract, non-lexicalized frames specifying linking constraints. Mappings between L-Types and more speciﬁc frames can be encoded by means of a new frame relation modeling the syntax-semantics interface. Such a relation would simplify the current picture of the frame hierarchy by essentially decoupling purely lexical semantic information from information pertaining to linking.

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Harvey, Mark. "Lexical change in pre-colonial Australia." Diachronica 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2011): 345–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.3.03har.

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Current analyses present lexical borrowing as a pervasive phenomenon in pre-colonial Australia. They propose that this follows from the high levels of multilingualism and language group exogamy which characterized pre-colonial sociality. This article shows that lexical borrowing was not pervasive in Australia, arguing that there is no necessary or even default relation between high levels of multilingualism and language group exogamy, and high levels of borrowing. These social phenomena may equally be accompanied by extremes of lexical differentiation between languages. Australia provides many examples of such differentiation. The paper also argues that there are no examples of the borrowing of lexical material from irregular paradigms in Australia. As such, the sharing of lexical material from irregular paradigms is a reliable guide to genetic relations in Australia.

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G. Ilieva, Teodora. ""Semantic modification and lexical neologization – a means of enriching the Bulgarian lexicon"." Lyuboslovie 21 (November 22, 2021): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/nxbo2619.

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In this article the neo-semanticisms are presented by real neologisms and occasionalisms, excerpted in recent years from Bulgarian media texts with different thematic orientation and stylistic expression. Commens are also made on the lexicon that has emerged through tracing and borrowing, which builds formal relations of homonymy with words that already exist in our language. Each of the 44 lexical items is presented in a dictionary article, including its morphological and semantic characteristics; word formation parameters; the motivating foreign word (if any); distribution of the palette of semes registered in the lexicographic arrays; the new sememe – the result of semantic transformation, in a minimal context; classification of the free and/or stable word combination it forms; the formal and semantic relations in which it enters and its stylistic affiliation. The study finds that the enrichment of the vocabulary of the Bulgarian language is achieved as a result of democratization, colloquialization and internationalization of the language. Semantic modifications are realized mainly through: metaphorization, metonymization, personification and comparison.

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Dilay, Iryna. "HYPONYMY OF ENGLISH COGNITIVE VERBS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-107-110.

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The paper provides the analysis of the hyponymic relations in terms of the onomasiological approach to the lexico-semantic fields and endocentric series. Lexicometric properties of the hyponymic relations of English cognitive verbs are studied based on WordNet Vocabulary Helper heuristic resource. It enables conducting the analysis in the direction from a hyperonym to its hyponyms, which echoes with the reconstruction of the conceptual structure. In this respect, further application and elaboration of the suggested methodology appears topical. Hyponymy of verbs is scarcely studied in linguistics. It has been observed that the nature of verbal hyponymy proves to be different from the nominal one, as verbal hyponymy, or troponymy after C. Fellbaum and G. Miller, is based on the manner of action relation between the lexemes. Thus, it requires special attention and novel methods and sources apart from traditional dictionaries. WordNet as a conceptual thesaurus and a large lexical database has been designed to assist multiple applications involving vocabulary as a system and is well applicable to the study of paradigmatic lexical relations. Among the advantages of the methodology based on WordNet is taking into consideration vast polysemy of the lexical items. It enables tracing narrowing of the categorial cognitive verbal meaning without getting sidetracked. As a result of this study, the ways of endocentric series modelling are suggested, the peculiarities of the verbal hyponymy are defined, the quotient of the hyponymy of English cognitive verbs is calculated, the cases of autohyponymy are identified, as well as the future prospects are delineated.

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Crossley, Scott A., and Stephen Skalicky. "Making sense of polysemy relations in first and second language speakers of English." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917728396.

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The aim of this study is to compare priming effects for polysemous word senses among English first language (L1) and advanced second language (L2) speakers in order to better understand the development of the mental lexicon. Using polysemy values from WordNet, a lexical decision task was designed with three different target word conditions: dominant polysemy (i.e., closely related senses), subordinate polysemy (i.e., distantly related senses), and unrelated words. Participants first saw a prime word and then selected whether a subsequent target word was a valid English word or not. For example, SURVEY was followed by STUDY (dominant polsysemy) or VIEW (subordinate polysemy) or FLASH (unrelated) or SMOO (nonword). Forty-one L1 speakers and 45 advanced L2 speakers each completed 120 decisions. Results from linear mixed effects models suggest dominant senses were responded to significantly faster than unrelated senses ( t = −3.119, p = .002, marginal R2 = .066) for L1 participants, but there were no other significant differences among word conditions. No significant priming effects were found for L2 participants. These results suggest that, unlike other lexical relations, advanced L2 speakers do not form similar connections in the bilingual lexicon when compared to L1 speakers.

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Cui, Licong, Wei Zhu, Shiqiang Tao, James T. Case, Olivier Bodenreider, and Guo-Qiang Zhang. "Mining non-lattice subgraphs for detecting missing hierarchical relations and concepts in SNOMED CT." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, no. 4 (February 19, 2017): 788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw175.

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Abstract Objective: Quality assurance of large ontological systems such as SNOMED CT is an indispensable part of the terminology management lifecycle. We introduce a hybrid structural-lexical method for scalable and systematic discovery of missing hierarchical relations and concepts in SNOMED CT. Material and Methods: All non-lattice subgraphs (the structural part) in SNOMED CT are exhaustively extracted using a scalable MapReduce algorithm. Four lexical patterns (the lexical part) are identified among the extracted non-lattice subgraphs. Non-lattice subgraphs exhibiting such lexical patterns are often indicative of missing hierarchical relations or concepts. Each lexical pattern is associated with a potential specific type of error. Results: Applying the structural-lexical method to SNOMED CT (September 2015 US edition), we found 6801 non-lattice subgraphs that matched these lexical patterns, of which 2046 were amenable to visual inspection. We evaluated a random sample of 100 small subgraphs, of which 59 were reviewed in detail by domain experts. All the subgraphs reviewed contained errors confirmed by the experts. The most frequent type of error was missing is-a relations due to incomplete or inconsistent modeling of the concepts. Conclusions: Our hybrid structural-lexical method is innovative and proved effective not only in detecting errors in SNOMED CT, but also in suggesting remediation for these errors.

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Hopp, Holger. "Grammatical gender in adult L2 acquisition: Relations between lexical and syntactic variability." Second Language Research 29, no. 1 (January 2013): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658312461803.

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In order to identify the causes of inflectional variability in adult second-language (L2) acquisition, this study investigates lexical and syntactic aspects of gender processing in real-time L2 production and comprehension. Twenty advanced to near-native adult first language (L1) English speakers of L2 German and 20 native controls were tested in a study comprising two experiments. In elicited production, we probe accuracy in lexical gender assignment. In a visual-world eye tracking task, we test the predictive processing of syntactic gender agreement between determiners and nouns. The findings show clear contingencies (1) between overall accuracy in lexical gender assignment in production and target predictive processing of syntactic gender agreement in comprehension and (2) between the speed of lexical access and predictive syntactic gender agreement. These findings support lexical and computational accounts of L2 inflectional variability and argue against models positing representational deficits in morphosyntax in late L2 acquisition and processing.

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Ashton, Michael C., Kibeom Lee, Bernd Marcus, and Reinout E. De Vries. "German lexical personality factors: relations with the HEXACO model." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 1 (February 2007): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.597.

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We correlated the scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO‐PI) with adjective scale markers of factors previously obtained in indigenous lexical studies of personality structure in the German language. Self‐ratings obtained from a sample of 323 German participants showed a pattern of strong convergent and weak discriminant correlations, supporting the content‐based interpretation of the German lexical factors in terms of the HEXACO dimensions. Notably, convergent correlations were strong for both the broader and the narrower variants of the Honesty‐Humility factor as observed in German lexical studies. Also, convergent correlations for HEXACO Openness to Experience were, as expected, stronger for German adjectives describing a creative and intellectual orientation than for German adjectives describing intellectual ability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Magnini, Bernardo. "Use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems." Terminology 5, no. 2 (December 31, 1998): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.5.2.08mag.

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The role of generic lexical resources as well as specialized terminology is crucial in the design of complex dialogue systems, where a human interacts with the computer using Natural Language. Lexicon and terminology are supposed to store information for several purposes, including the discrimination of semantic-ally inconsistent interpretations, the use of lexical variations, the compositional construction of a semantic representation for a complex sentence and the ability to access equivalencies across different languages. For these purposes it is necessary to rely on representational tools that are both theoretically motivated and operationally well defined. In this paper we propose a solution to lexical and terminology representation which is based on the combination of a linguistically motivated upper model and a multilingual WordNet. The upper model accounts for the linguistic analysis at the sentence level, while the multilingual WordNet accounts for lexical and conceptual relations at the word level.

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Vreugdenhil-Hovenier, Priscilla. "De Organisatie Van de Woordenschat Bij Kinderen Met Een Cognitieve Deficientie." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 56 (January 1, 1997): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.56.03vre.

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With adults, many words in the memory are ordered on the basis of semantic relations. Especially co-ordinative relations between words (dog-cat) are strongly represented. In a child's lexicon, this arrangement is not clearly present yet. Studies into the development of lexical organization of normally developed children by means of word association tasks, have shown that co-ordinative relations are already present in a child's lexicon at an early stage (Eibers et al., 1993). However, these can only be addressed directly in a certain context (Contrast Association). The co-ordinations are not available independently yet (Free Association). This suggests that co-ordinative relations of adults have a contrastive origin. In these studies the development of lexical organization of children with a cognitive deficiency has been looked at. The group to be examined consists of 42 pupils. It has been examined whether their lexical organization deviates from normally developed children. A comparison with adults has been made as well. These studies consist of two kinds of word association: Free Association and Contrast Association. The most important findings point out that children with a cognitive deficiency do not deviate from normally developed children as far as their reactions in Free Association are concerned. Both groups of children mention the same small number of co-ordinations. With respect to the Contrast Association, however, the children with a cognitive deficiency mention considerably less co-ordinations than normally developed children. With the children with a cognitive deficiency, this results in a smaller number of co-ordinations in the Contrast Association, but apparently not in a smaller number of co-ordinations in the Free Association.

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Hudson, Richard. "Coordination and grammatical relations." Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (September 1988): 303–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011816.

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The most serious recent work on the theory of coordination has probably been done in terms of three theories of grammatical structure: Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG–see especially Gazdar, 1981; Gazdaret al., 1982; 1985; Saget al., 1985; Schachter & Mordechay, 1983), Categorial Grammar (CG–see especially Steedman, 1985; Dowty, 1985) and Transformational Grammar (TG–notably Williams, 1978, 1981; Neijt, 1979; van Oirsouw, 1985, 1987). Each of these approaches is different in important respects: for instance, according to whether or not they allow deletion rules, and according to the kinds of information which they allow to be encoded in syntactic features. However, behind these differences lies an important similarity: in each case the theory concerned makes two assumptions about grammatical structure in general (i.e. about all structures, including coordinate ones):I The basic syntagmatic relations in sentence-structure are part-whole relations (consituent structure) and temporal order; note that this is true whether or not syntactic structure is seen as a ‘projection’ of lexical properties, since these lexical properies are themselves defined in terms of constituent structure and temporal order.

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Alonso Ramos, Margarita, and Agnès Tutin. "Les Fonctions Lexicales du Dictionnaire Explicatif et Combinatoire Pour L'étude de la Cohésion Lexicale." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.17.1.07alo.

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In this paper, we show that the Lexical Functions (LFs) of the Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary are well suited for addressing some lexical questions in textual cohesion. We first describe LFs and divide them into two subsets: paradigmatic LFs and syntagmatic LFs. We show how paradigmatic LFs can be used to explain coreferential relations and definite descriptions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lexical relations'

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