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1
Dotsenko, Olena O. "LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELDS OF WORD-FORMATION ROWS WITH THE SUFFIX -MENT." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 23 (2022): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-1-23-11.
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The article outlines three lexical-semantic fields of word-formation rows with the suffix -ment. The aim of the paper is to investigate three lexical-semantic fields which consist of the lexical-semantic field denoting improvement, confinement and feelings. To achieve this aim, the following tasks should be completed such as investigating motivation relations in derived words with the suffix -ment and analyzing their structure with the help of the applicative generative model. The methods of componential and comparative analysis and the relator language of the applicative generative model were applied for fulfilling the above-mentioned tasks. To build word-formation rows, the words are segmented according to their motivation relations. Etymological aspect is not taken into account. Every field consists of lexical-semantic groups. The lexical-semantic field denoting the action of improvement consists of fifty-eight words, which are classified into seven lexical-semantic groups. This field is represented by thirteen R-structures. The lexical-semantic field of feelings includes two lexicalsemantic groups which contain six R-structures. The lexical-semantic field of confinement includes twenty-one words represented by six R-structures. Paradigmatic relations in lexical-semantic groups were analyzed in order to illustrate interfiled connections. Synonymic rows and antonymic pairs in lexical-semantic groups and hyperonyms distinguished in lexical-semantic fields prove paradigmatic relations. Lexical-semantic fields consist of nouns because the suffix -ment generates, mainly, nomina actionis. The term word-formation row is described in the paper as this notion which is a complex unit of word-formation hasn’t been studied thoroughly yet. The word-formation row in every lexicalsemantic field is highlighted in the article. The more lexical-semantic groups comprise the lexical-semantic field, the more R-structures the word-formation row has in a lexical-semantic field. Besides, this fact proves that English words with the suffix -ment are polysemous and variable. The polysemy of these words is illustrated via interfiled connections, e.g., the word fulfillment with the meaning “a feeling of satisfaction” belongs to the lexical-semantic field of feelings, and with the meaning “the act of doing smth. that you have promised or intended to do” this word can be involved in the lexical-semantic group of achievement which belongs to the lexical-semantic field of improvement. The relator language of the applicative generative model is used to investigate R-structure of English words with the suffix -ment. This analysis helps to create word-formation rows. R=rows of artificial language and L=rows of natural language are described. The research results lead to the conclusion that three lexical-semantic fields can be characterized by polysemous character of English words with the suffix -ment which are represented by interfiled connections. The variety of R-structures comprising wordformation rows shows the variativity of the investigated words and proves the idea that words may be derived not only from verbs but also nouns and adjectives. Interfield connections in three lexicalsemantic fields demonstrate that all words with the suffix -ment can be grouped into lexical-semantic fields. It can be useful and significant for linguists to create different English dictionaries. So, the aim of the further study is to arrange all existing words with the suffix -ment into lexical-semantic fields and make an attempt to create the dictionary of R-words and L=words with the suffix -ment.
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Slyambekov, Q. B., та A. M. Sadyk. "THE NATIONAL CORPUS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE: THE SEMANTIC MARKUP ОF VERBS". Tiltanym, № 1 (30 квітня 2024): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2024-1-189-196.
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Due to the fact that the development of the corpus has become one of the priorities for all languages of the modern world, the improvement of the national corpus of the Kazakh language (NCKL) is also a very relevant issue. One of the types of linguistic information reflecting the meaning of a word in the NCKL database is lexical-semantic markup. The article examines the world experience of lexical-semantic markup and provides an overview of foreign research. Analyzing the national corpus of the Russian language and the Kalmyk language, the peculiarities of the national corpus of the Kazakh language are noted. The methods of dividing verbs into lexical-semantic groups are indicated, on the basis of which the markup of the corpus is formed, i.e. the definition of codes that reveal the meaning of the word. In the study, lexical-semantic groups were classified according to the method of describing verb meanings and synthesizing based on common meanings, semantic groups of Kazakh verbs were compared with each other and with semantic groups in other languages.As a result of the research, macro- and microgroups characterizing the meaning of the verb were included in the National Corpus of the Kazakh language. In total, 100 lexical-semantic groups have been formed. The lexical-semantic markup of verbs included six different codes. Lexical-semantic markup was attached to 18200 verbs based on the corpus. The compiled lexical-semantic markup expands the information about the word in the National Corpus of the Kazakh language, allows the user to easily determine the meaning of the word, sort verbs with a similar meaning and verbs with a positive, negative connotation of meaning. It can be said that lexical-semantic markup is one of the first steps to facilitate the recognition of the semantics of words of Kazakh artificial intelligence, which is expected to be created in the near future.
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Akhmetova, G., and A. Bizhkenova. "Lexical and semantic errors in the English language teaching in homogenious groups." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 102, no. 2 (2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ped2/141-149.
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The present research paper discusses the issues of identifying common lexical and semantic mistakes in Kazakh pre-intermediate EFL learners studying in homogeneous groups at university. Words are viewed as powerful tools and when used correctly, words may evoke different feelings and emotions and cause various actions. It’s important to learn how to spot difficult words, correct them timely, and master lexical competence teaching to use the words correctly. The data of the study were collected by learner’s EFL teacher from their final essays. Thirty-one essays were used as the instrument of the study to obtain real language from the participants. The authors of the study hope that the results of the conducted research would contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of lexical and semantic errors in English language teaching which will help teachers to elaborate the differentiated tasks and ways of explaining new vocabulary preventing students’ misunderstanding. Furthermore, the results of the presented research can serve as guidance and be used in compiling EFL textbooks for Kazakhstani students. As a result, researchers managed to classify lexical and semantic errors in English language teaching, identified frequent errors, and described their causes. The findings of the research illustrate that the participants of the study make errors of word choice and incorrect collocations the most. Moreover, incorrect usage of the preposition and literal translation from L1 are included in the frequent mistakes
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Kotvytska, Viktoriia, and Valentyn Lazebnyi. "SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GERMAN NOMINATIONS OF THE CYBERSPHERE (BASED ON SUBSTANTIVES WITH THE WORD-FORMING ELEMENT CYBER-)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ Fìlologìčna 1, no. 18(86) (2023): 63–66. https://doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2023-18(86)-63-66.
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The study presents an analysis of the semantics of German cyberspace nouns, demonstrates a semantic characteristics of German nouns with a word-forming element of English Cyber-, originating from the English language. The data of lexicographical sources related to the mentioned issues are highlighted. The object and the subject of study were described, the aim was stated and the research perspectives were outlined. The research material was a solid sample of nouns with the word-forming element Cyber- from the authoritative interpretive dictionary of the modern German language Duden and the most widely circulated German-language newspapers «Die Welt», «Die Zeit», «Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung» and «Süddeutsche Zeitung». The article represents the filling of the lexical-semantic groups identified during the research. The developed classification of lexical units made it possible to systematize the collected material and represent relationships within groups. It was established that lexical-semantic groups are not equally productive. The isolated groups are heterogeneous in terms of the number of words that they include (lexical-semantic groups have a different number of lexical units), however, they can be considered homogeneous in the nature of the relations between them. A significant part of the analyzed words is not recorded in lexicographical sourses, issues of interpretive parameterization, dictionary codification and standardization still require detailed study. Research perspectives include the study of words that have other foreign language components, which will make it possible to identify their specificity in the German lexicon, trace the dynamics of development, study the word-forming potential, mobility, systematize such vocabulary, etc.
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Golovashchenko, Yuliia. "STRUCTURE OF LEXICO-SEMANTIC FIELD IN LITERARY TEXT." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 835-836 (2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2022.835-836.24-32.
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The article is dedicated to the issue of a lexical-semantic field within an author’s literary text. A lexical-semantic field is viewed as a paradigmatic group of lexical units that are united in accordance with their semantic affinity. A lexical-semantic field is explained to possess a hierarchical structure, which allows to ensure a developed semantic picture of a certain conceptual field. Based on the novels of John Maxwell Coetzee, the structure of a lexical-semantic field is outlined. It encompasses semantic concretization of specific areas of an individual author’s linguistic world picture. The first stratum of a lexical semantic field is defined as a lexical semantic microfield that reflects division of a broader conceptual area into narrower related ones. A lexical semantic microfield is, in turn, divided into semantic subclasses, i.e. word groups based on similar semantic and morphologic characteristics. Introduction of semantic subclasses into the structure of a lexical semantic field is encouraged by the need to group lexical units according to part-of-speech criterion and, simultaneously, demonstrate semantic plentifulness of meaning in the individual author’s linguistic world picture. The lower hierarchical stratum is occupied by a lexical semantic group which embodies intralingual relations among lexical meanings. Inclusion of lexical units into a lexical semantic field is possible under the condition of dominant seme component that marks semantic affinity of a word to the relevant outer linguistic reality. Inventorization of suitable lexical units takes place via dictionary definition analysis, since reference to lexicographic definitions allows to create a chain of definitions and reveal pertinent semes in word meanings. One of the lexical semantic fields construed is based on novels by John Maxwell Coetzee is „HUMAN”, reflecting the conceptual field of a human. The abovementioned lexical semantic field is divided into four lexical semantic subfields that together sketch a human through the lens of emotions and feelings, built, mind and thinking, and, eventually, language. The present article focuses on lexical semantic microfield „Human Body”. The paradigm of lexical semantic field structure is represented, semantic range of meaning within the microfield is described, and grouping of lexical units into semantic subclasses and lexical semantic groups based on the analysis of dictionary definitions is performed.
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Muñoz, Carmen Portero, and Daniel García Velasco. "A new proposal for the distinction between lexical and syntactic derivation in Functional Discourse Grammar." Word Structure 11, no. 1 (2018): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0117.
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This paper explores the possibility of classifying traditional affixes as two groups, syntactic or lexical affixes, as proposed within Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). It is argued that the main challenge for the FDG approach to derivational morphology arises from properties which revolve around the semantic contribution of derivational affixes: i) the fact that derivational processes introduce unpredictable meaning components (semantic opacity), ii) the question of what constitutes lexical meaning vs. grammatical meaning, iii) the intrinsic polysemy of some affixes, and iv) affix competition. The authors conclude that FDG should treat lexical and grammatical affixes similarly, unless a clear distinction can be made in particular cases on clearly specified semantic principles.
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Ekonomova, Aleksandra Dmitrievna. "Lexical and semantic transformations in children's speech." Litera, no. 3 (March 2025): 305–14. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2025.3.71156.
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The object of this study is the "Dictionary of modern children's language" edited by V.K. Kharchenko (4330 vocabulary units). The subject of this study is the units of children's speech (word forms) that coincide in phonetic design with normative ones, but have some deformations of lexical meaning. The research material consists of 167 dictionary entries. The result of the selection of linguistic units are innovations based on the following processes: expansion of meaning, narrowing of meaning, metaphorical transfer, metonymic transfer, antonymic substitutions, mixing of words of one thematic group. It is these innovations that correspond to the parameters set (and fundamental for the practical part of the work), namely: children's occasionalisms that have a deformation in the semantic aspect with full phonetic coincidence with a conventionally fixed word. The following methods were used in the work: analysis, comparison, interpretation of the results obtained. The main methods of analyzing the selected units were: comparison (the word in the occasional meaning of children's speech and the corresponding common word were compared) and seminal analysis (since comparison and description of identifying, differentiating and unifying semes form the basis of certain word connections). The novelty of the research lies in the creation of a classification of units of children's speech with lexical and semantic transformations based on the system connections of words. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: 36% belong to the group "metaphorical transfer"; 38% belong to the group "thematic groups, synonymic series"; 32% belong to the group "generic relationships"; the rest (antonymic pairs, metonymy and paraphasia) – 6% of the total. The facts of violation of various systemic connections of words allow us to talk about unrealizable in "adult" speech, but potentially possible connections of lexical units. The hidden semantic valences are also evidenced by the bizarre associations that connect seemingly unrelated words in the child's mind. The system-functional approach, a look from the inside, allows us to talk about a different, but completely equal systematization of lexical units in relation to the "traditional" one.
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Максимчук, Віталій Васильович. "НЕОЛОГІЧНА ЛЕКСИКА ЯК СИСТЕМА". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г.С. Сковороди "Лінгвістичні дослідження", № 41 (30 березня 2016): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48562.
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<em>The lexical-semantic system of Ukrainian language is the most complex and dynamic and is updated with new lexemes constantly, so the research of modern vocabulary as component of this system is actual. Lexical-semantic system of language is not just something that exists in the language, but also can be created in the future. The purpose of this article to analyze the modern vocabulary as a common system and characterize the inherent word, paradigmatic, syntagmatic and associative-derivational relations between new words. The lexical and semantic field of neologisms «The flora» consists of lexical and semantic groups such as «Names of trees», «Names of bushes», «Names of herbs», «Names of mushrooms», «Names of plant sets» etc. These groups are combined by common hyperseme ‘plant’. The lexical and semantic groups consists of minimal semantic units that is synonymic rows, antonymic pairs, hyper and hyponymic groups. So modern vocabulary as a system reflects the peculiarities of national language and poetical worldview and constantly develops Ukrainian language in general and its lexical-semantic system in particular.</em>
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Allahverdiyeva, Gunel Teyyub. "Theoretical foundations of mutual semasiological research in modern linguistics." Reality of Politics 28, no. 2 (2024): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2024201.
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The recent growing interest in cognitive linguistics, scientific works, monographs and textbooks written in this field are evidence of this. Language levels and trends in their development, structural approach to languages, language and speech issues, functional approach to language units, etc. the problems have begun to be seriously investigated. One such issue is the study of modern cognitive linguistics and lexical-semantic systems. Language is subject to various influences in the process of development. These effects result in changes in different layers of language, including the lexical layer. This process leads to the obsolescence of word meanings in the lexicon, the emergence of new meanings, the expansion of meaning, the narrowing of meaning, the diversification of meaning, and so on. This leads to the fact that the connection between the lexical and semantic meanings of words is also affected; new lexical-semantic word groups appear. The article is rich in quotes from the works of many scholars.
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Jegdić, Ana, and Mile Vuković. "Lexical-semantic abilities of five-to-six-year-old children." Биомедицинска истраживања 14, no. 2 (2023): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.59137/bii202302339j.
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction.&lt;/strong&gt; The development of the semantic level of the language system begins at the end of the first year of life, when a child begins to use the first words. During childhood, the child gradually increases his/her vocabulary and learns semantic characteristics. The main aim of this paper is to determine the lexical-semantic abilities of preschool children.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods.&lt;/strong&gt; The sample included 50 children of both sexes, aged five to six years. According to age, the respondents were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of five-year-olds, and the second of six-year-olds. The Semantic Test and the Free Word Association Test were used in the research. The semantic test assessed the development of the following categories of words: homonyms, antonyms, synonyms, and metonyms. The free word association test was used to assess the types of responses after a given stimulus word.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that six-year-olds had higher average values compared to five-year-olds on the total score, as well as on individual lexical categories of the Semantic Test. It was also shown that five-year-old girls had higher average values compared to boys of the same age on the Semantic Test. No statistically significant differences were found between five- and six-year-olds in terms of the representation of certain types of answers on the Free Word Association Test. As for sex, it was shown that on the Free Word Association Test, girls had statistically significantly higher number of missing answers compared to boys.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion.&lt;/strong&gt; It was concluded that the lexical-semantic abilities of preschool children depended on their age, and that there was certain regularity in the development of the semantic features of words and the lexical-semantic structure&lt;/p&gt;
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Karimov, Shohjahon Dusmurodovich. "Making Anthroponyms from Nouns by Conversion Method." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 5 (2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i5.293.
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The article discusses the onomastic conversion (lexical-semantic method) - a nominal, i.e. functional transfer of words is a common phenomenon in the language, in which the transfer of a lexeme from one-word group to another word group, the transition of appellate lexicon to a noun without any constructive means. In language, the transition of words from one category to another is uninterrupted, because word groups themselves are not a phenomenon with a fixed boundary, as a result of the constant movement of language, words tend to move towards one lexical-grammatical category and perform their function. Language development occurs through events such as derivation, transformation, transposition, and conversion.
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Германович, Галина Остапівна. "МЕДИЧНІ ТЕРМІНИ З КОМПОНЕНТАМИ ГЕМ-(ГЕМ(О)-, ГЕМАТ(О)-) ТА КРОВ(О)- У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАїНСЬКІЙ МОВІ". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г.С. Сковороди "Лінгвістичні дослідження", № 41 (30 березня 2016): 161–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48611.
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<em>Ukrainian medical terms with international components hem- (hem(o)-, hemat(o)-) and the Ukrainian equivalent ‘blood(</em><em>о</em><em>)-’ were studied in this article. It was defined their lexical and semantic groups and lexical paradigms. It was found out their productivity and word-formation mobility. The aim of the article: to characterize the Ukrainian medical terms with the somatic components hem- (hem(o)-, hemat(o)-) and ‘blood(</em><em>о</em><em>)-’ regarding to lexical and semantic groups and relations; to define their word-formation mobility in the modern Ukrainian standard language. Words with somatic components hem-(hem(o)-, hemat(o)- ) and the Ukrainian equivalent ‘blood(o)-’ identify the following: processes; collective items, substances, materials; names of diseases; tumors; cells; types, animals-parasites; devices; names of sciences; blood examination; diagnosis; parts of something; people. All studied terminological elements are used in preposition. Components hem-(hem(o)-, hemat(o)-) are not connected directly with the Ukrainian word stems. Most components are the components of other origin, which have particular lexical meaning, that is kept completely or partially in the secondary meanings. Outlook of the article is based on the fact that terms with somatic components need to be studied in future to form their complete system.</em>
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P C, Girija, Nayana Narayanan, and Labeeba Kabeer. "A Systematic Investigation into the Generation of Words Using Semantic Priming Experiments." Proceeding of the Global Conference on Aging and Gerontology 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/agconf.v1i1.472.
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Semantic priming facilitates word generation by improving the ability to produce semantically related words. However, age-related neurobiological changes may diminish this capacity. This study investigates the effect of aging on word generation across different semantic categories in 150 healthy individuals, aged 31 to 80, divided into five age groups. Participants were tasked with generating words in the categories of synonym, antonym, abstract, and concrete, using the DMDX software. The number of words generated and the accuracy of responses were recorded. The findings revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the number of words generated across most age groups, with the exception of adjacent age groups (31–40 vs. 41–50, 41–50 vs. 51–60, and 61–70 vs. 71–80), where no significant differences were observed. These results suggest that neurobiological changes between adjacent age groups are subtle. The reduced performance observed in older adults may be attributed to a diminished ability to strategically access and retrieve lexical forms from semantic memory. However, semantic priming appears to mitigate these age-related declines, preventing significant differences between adjacent age groups.
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Styles, Suzy J., and Kim Plunkett. "How do infants build a semantic system?" Language and Cognition 1, no. 1 (2009): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog.2009.001.
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AbstractDo infants learn their early words in semantic isolation? Or do they integrate new words into an inter-connected semantic system? In an infant-friendly adaptation of the adult lexical priming paradigm, infants at 18 and 24 months-of-age heard two words in quick succession. The noun-pairs were either related or unrelated. Following the onset of the target word, two pictures were presented, one of which depicted the target. Eye movements revealed that both age groups comprehended the target word. In addition, 24-month-olds demonstrated primed picture looking in two measures of comprehension: Named target pictures preceded by a related word pair took longer to disengage from and attracted more looking overall. The finding of enhanced target recognition demonstrates the emergence of semantic organisation by the end of the second year.
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Almajali, Dr. Ibrahim abdelfattah. "Reconstructing Meaning: Approaches to Lexical-Semantic Therapy in Aphasia." OEconomia 8, no. 2 (2025): 34–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15507305.
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Word-finding difficulties are a hallmark of aphasia, often resulting from a breakdown in lexical-semantic processing. This disruption can make words difficult to retrieve due to issues with storage or accessibility. Impairments may occur at different levels of lexical processing—such as the lemma level, leading to verbal paraphasias, or at the phonological level, resulting in phonemic paraphasias. Cueing strategies are commonly employed to bridge these lexical-semantic gaps and support communication. Among the most widely used therapeutic approaches are Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) and Phonological Components Analysis (PCA); however, these techniques are often applied without sufficient consideration of their appropriateness for individual profiles of impairment. The present study aimed to identify the locus of lexical-semantic breakdown in individuals with anomic aphasia and to determine the most effective therapy accordingly. Twelve participants with anomic aphasia were initially recruited. All underwent tasks involving phoneme judgment and semantic judgment to assess their specific language deficits. Two participants withdrew from the study. Of the remaining ten, four showed greater difficulty with phonological tasks (Group 1), and six with semantic tasks (Group 2). Group 1 received PCA-based therapy, while Group 2 received SFA-based training . Post-therapy assessments were conducted using the Boston Naming Test and the Action Naming Test. Results demonstrated significant improvement in naming performance and lexical retrieval accuracy in both groups, suggesting that therapy tailored to the underlying level of breakdown—semantic or phonological—can effectively enhance word retrieval in individuals with anomic aphasia
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M. Ralli, Asimina, and Julie E. Dockrell. "Real world word learning: Exploring the development of children’s lexical representations." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 17, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23750.
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The ability to acquire new words draws on cognitive, linguistic and socialcompetencies. Assessments of lexical acquisition are often limited to studies using multiple choice comprehension measures in contrived experimental contexts. To address these limitations the current study assessed the ways in which children developed their semantic representations of animal and artefact terms. Children differed in their knowledge of the target terms and experienced different linguistic exposures over a four week period. One hundred and thirty preschool children (mean age = 5;6) were randomly assigned to five conditions (one control and four experimental conditions). For the control and the phonological group, the knowledge children acquired about the target words was assessed at two points, baseline and at a three week follow up. For the remaining experimental groups their understanding of the terms was assessed at five points in time (baseline, 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week post test). A range of assessment tasks were used to assess lexical knowledge: confrontational naming, multiple choice comprehension measures, sorting, short questions, identification of relations, (association task) definitions and a story generation task. Children’s word knowledge from the different conditions/groupswas compared across tasks and time. The analysis focused on the depth and breadth of knowledge that the children acquired for the target words. Independent variables included previous knowledge of the target words, lexical knowledge of other words from the same semantic domain, semantic domain of the target words and type of lexical exposure. There were subtle and complex effects of the different exposure contexts for word learning. Children’s performance was significantly better for items that were partially represented than for the unknown words. Children’s existing vocabulary knowledge for animals was positively correlated with the acquisition of the target words describing animals. However, this was not the case for artefacts. Theassessments of word knowledge revealed different aspects of depth in lexical knowledge.
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Drljen, Bojana, and Mile Vuković. "Comparison of lexical‐semantic processing in children with developmental language disorder and typically developing peers." Govor/Speech 36, no. 2 (2019): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22210/govor.2019.36.07.
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Recent studies indicate that lexical and semantic deficits in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are not caused only by reduced vocabulary and retrieval difficulties but also by sparse lexical-semantic network and deficits in semantic organization. This paper investigates qualitative differences in the lexical processing between children with DLD and typically developing peers, as well as developmental trends in the lexical-semantic processing in preschool and early school-age children with DLD. The sample consisted of 115 participants (5–8 yr.), 60 children with DLD and 55 typically developing (TD) children. The sample was also divided in two age groups, preschool (5 and 6 yr.) and school-aged groups (7 and 8 yr.). Word association task was used for the assessment of lexical-semantic processing. The responses were coded either as mature associations (paradigmatic and syntagmatic), immature associations (phonological, unrelated and echolalic) or omissions. The results show that DLD children have significantly less mature associations and more immature associations. Also, the performance of children with DLD was significantly poorer at early school age compared to their TD peers. Sparse lexical-semantic network and deficits of semantic organization in DLD children are caused by poor semantic fields and semantic categories, as well as difficulties in the activation of lexicon. However, developmental trends analysis showed that DLD children, although significantly delayed in lexical processing, have similar developmental pattern like TD children.
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McGregor, Karla K. "The Nature of Word-Finding Errors of Preschoolers With and Without Word-Finding Deficits." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 6 (1997): 1232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4006.1232.
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Twelve preschoolers with word-finding deficits (WF) and their age-matched normally developing (ND) peers participated in three tasks requiring word finding: the noun-naming and verb-naming subtests of the Test of Word Finding (TWF-N, TWF-V) and story retelling. The general error profiles of the two subject groups were similar. Semantic errors were always more common than phonological errors and were typically more common than unrelated errors (e.g., "I don’t know" responses). The difference in proportions of semantic and phonological substitutions constitutes developmental evidence for lemma and lexeme distinctions as proposed in adult-based models of lexical storage. Furthermore, the predominance of errors that bore semantic relations to their targets produced by both ND and WF groups suggests an early and robust organization of lexical storage into a network of related information. Despite similarities between the two subject groups, the word-finding deficits of the WF group were manifested in two ways. First, compared to the ND group, the WF group demonstrated significantly higher rates of naming errors on all three tasks; second, they demonstrated significantly different proportions of error types on two of the three tasks. Specifically, the WF group produced a lower proportion of related errors on the TWF-V and a lower proportion of semantic errors on the story-retell task. One clinical implication of these findings concerns measurement of treatment outcomes. A reduction in the number of errors as well as a shift in the error profile towards higher proportions of related errors, especially semantic errors, may indicate progress in word-finding development.
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Królikowska, Katarzyna. "Rosyjskie złożenia z formantem paradygmatycznym w grupie leksykalno-semantycznej „Nazwy osób, wyodrębnione ze względu na zawód lub rodzaj działalności” i ich polskie odpowiedniki." Slavica Wratislaviensia 165 (February 1, 2018): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.165.20.
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Compound Nouns Formed with Paradigmatic Formant in the Lexical-Semantic Group “The Names of People Related to Their Profession” in Russian Language and Their Polish EquivalentsThe scientific goal of this article is to examine the vocabulary in analogic lexical-semantic groups taken from two Slavic languages — Russian and Polish — in terms of word-formative and non-word-formative ways of nominations. The subject of research is the names of people, related to their profession, occupation, specialty, type of occupation, the nature of business. The basis for the selection of the material is The Russian Semantic Dictionary ed. N.Y. Shvedova. From over 2750 names in Russian, one type of derivates — compound nouns formed with paradigmatic formant — has been chosen for further analysis 82 words. The Polish equivalents 96 words and expressions have been divided into two groups: motivated words 63 words and broadly defined unmotivated words and expressions, which represent non-word-formative ways of nominations 33 examples, such as native words 4, loanwords 3, compound names 20 and descriptive translations, when lexical equivalents could not be found 6. One type of derivate in the Russian lexical group and the variety of equivalents in Polish show the differences in terms of ways of nominations in parallel lexical groups in both languages.Сложения с нулевым суффиксомв лексико-семантической группе «Назвния лиц по профессии» в русском языке и их польские эквивалентыЦелью данной статьи является анализ типов польских эквивалентов для сложений с нулевым суффиксом, выступающих в лексико-семантической группе «Названия лиц по профессии, специальности, роду занятий, характеру деятельности» в русском языке. Базой для отбора материала послужил Русский семантический словарь под ред. Н.Ю. Шведовой. Среди около 2750 слов в этой группе, 82 — сложения с нулевым суффиксом. Их польские семантическе эквиваленты 96 слов и выражений можно разделить на две группы: мотивированные слова 63 как результат словообразовательного способа номинации и слова и выражения, которые представляют собой несловообразовательные способы номинации 33: исконные слова 4, заимствования 3, составные наименования 20 и описательные переводы 6, приводимые в случае, когда в польском языке нет лексического соответствия. Такая разновидность эквивалентов в польском языке для одного типа дериватов в русском языке свидетельствует о том, что в обоих языках по-разному реализованы механизмы номинаци в рамках параллельных лексико-семантических групп.
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Shiyanova, A. A. "Semantics of adjectives of sound in the Khanty language." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-555-563.
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Introduction: the article is devoted to identification of specifics of language processes in nomination of the sign «sound» in the Khanty language on the material of Western dialects. Objective: to consider the semantics of adjectives of sound in the Khanty language (word-formation models, lexical-semantic groups, compatibility, and intensification). Research materials: the card index consisting of the examples from bilingual dictionaries of the Khanty language, folklore collections, and samples of speech of informants. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the research is description of semantics of the language units making a basis of process of characteristic of a sound that allows receiving estimates of sound feelings in human consciousness. In all studied dialects of the Khanty language word formation of adjectives of sound occurs according to six models: 1) «N + =әŋ» model, 2) «N + = ԓy» model, 3) «V + = әŋ/=эŋ/=аŋ» model, 4) «N + =ԓy-N + =ԓy» model, 5) «N + =и-N + =y» model, 6) «V + =әŋ-V + =әŋ» model. These adjectives form seven lexical-semantic groups and include various sounds made by people, animals, nature, mechanical sounds, etc. The scientific novelty of the research consists in systematization of this lexical-semantic group, consideration of ways of word formation, specification of the lexical units characterizing a sound.
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Riba-Hrynyshyn, Oksana. "LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FIELD «ERDÖLKRISE» IN GERMAN." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (2020): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-38-40.
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The results of the study of the lexical and semantic field «Erdölkrise» in German are presented in the article. The field structure of the oil industry terminology and the place of the «Erdölkrise» professional lexical unit, its definitive meaning and origin are characterized. Newspaper and magazine professional articles and television reviews of the economic and socio-political situation in the world in the spring of 2020 were the factual material of the study. Corpus of terms, related to the key concept of «Erdölkrise», is considered as a terminological field in the German-speaking terminology of the oil industry the components of which have been sampled using a semantic-logical criterion. The oil industry's terminology for the term under study is a «field» that gives it precision and uniqueness and beyond which the word loses its characteristic of the term. With regard to the key term «Erdöl», the professional lexical unit «Ölkrise» will be a peripheral, that is, an interdisciplinary term of oil, economic and socio-political terminology. The Erdölkrise terminological field is characterized as a core and margin structure. The core of the field is formed by terms that denote the relationship in the world market and the features of decrease in demand for oil and drop of prices. The periphery of the terminological field is represented by general scientific and economic terms. On the basis of logical and conceptual and subject-semantic features, four lexical-thematic groups are distinguished: basic parameters, oil production and refining, pricing policy, world community. The word-forming types of the studied terms are analyzed: terms-compound words, terms-phrases and terms-abbreviations. The systematic system of the oil industry's terminology and the role of the lexical and semantic field «Erdölkrise», which reflects the interdependence and hierarchy of all concepts of the oil industry, are substantiated.
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Shiyanova, A. A. "Adjectives characterizing the water and near-water space in the Khanty language." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-700-707.
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Introduction: the article considers the names of adjectives that characterize the water and near-water space in the Khanty language on the material of Western dialects. The lexical and semantic structure and word-formation models were determined, the number of units of adjectives included in this group was revealed. Objective: to identify semantics and word-formation capabilities of adjectives of the Khanty language characterizing water and near-water space. Research materials: the file card composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections, and spoken speech samples collected from informants. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the study is the description of semantics and word-formation models of language units characterizing water and near-water space in the Khanty language on the material of the Kazym, Shuryshkar and Ural dialects. Lexical and semantic groups include the characteristic of water and near-water space: surface of water in liquid and solid state, extent, presence or absence of signs of water and near-water space. This vocabulary is formed according to six word-formation models. The scientific novelty of the study consists in systematization of this lexical and semantic group of adjectives in the Khanty language, consideration of methods of word formation, specification of lexical units characterizing this space.
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Yee, Eiling, Sheila E. Blumstein, and Julie C. Sedivy. "Lexical-Semantic Activation in Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia: Evidence from Eye Movements." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 4 (2008): 592–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20056.
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Lexical processing requires both activating stored representations and selecting among active candidates. The current work uses an eye-tracking paradigm to conduct a detailed temporal investigation of lexical processing. Patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia are studied to shed light on the roles of anterior and posterior brain regions in lexical processing as well as the effects of lexical competition on such processing. Experiment 1 investigates whether objects semantically related to an uttered word are preferentially fixated, for example, given the auditory target “hammer,” do participants fixate a picture of a nail? Results show that, like normal controls, both groups of patients are more likely to fixate on an object semantically related to the target than an unrelated object. Experiment 2 explores whether Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics show competition effects when words share onsets with the uttered word, for instance, given the auditory target “hammer,” do participants fixate a picture of a hammock? Experiment 3 investigates whether these patients activate words semantically related to onset competitors of the uttered word, for example, given the auditory target “hammock,” do participants fixate a nail due to partial activation of the onset competitor hammer? Results of Experiments 2 and 3 show pathological patterns of performance for both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics under conditions of lexical onset competition. However, the patterns of deficit differed, suggesting different functional and computational roles for anterior and posterior areas in lexical processing. Implications of the findings for the functional architecture of the lexical processing system and its potential neural substrates are considered.
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Gruppi, Maurício, Pin-Yu Chen, and Sibel Adali. "Fake it Till You Make it: Self-Supervised Semantic Shifts for Monolingual Word Embedding Tasks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 14 (2021): 12893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i14.17525.
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The use of language is subject to variation over time as well as across social groups and knowledge domains, leading to differences even in the monolingual scenario. Such variation in word usage is often called lexical semantic change (LSC). The goal of LSC is to characterize and quantify language variations with respect to word meaning, to measure how distinct two language sources are (that is, people or language models). Because there is hardly any data available for such a task, most solutions involve unsupervised methods to align two embeddings and predict semantic change with respect to a distance measure. To that end, we propose a self-supervised approach to model lexical semantic change based on the perturbation of word vectors in the input corpora. We show that our method can be used for the detection of semantic change with any alignment method. Furthermore, it can be used to choose the landmark words to use in alignment and can lead to substantial improvements over the existing techniques for alignment. We illustrate the utility of our techniques using experimental results on three different datasets, involving words with the same or different meanings. Our methods not only provide significant improvements but also can lead to novel findings for the LSC problem.
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Farrokh Alaee, Farnaz. "Effect of Bilingual-Word-List versus Semantic Network Practices on EFL Lexical Competence." Journal of Contemporary Language Research 1, no. 2 (2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.58803/jclr.v1i2.12.
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Introduction: The crucial role of lexis over other language elements in language learning prompts the argument of finding the most suitable way to enhance vocabulary learning among the studies in the educational arena. Among various word learning strategies, semantic network practices have received the least attention from researchers. Accordingly, the present follow-up study aimed to touch upon effective vocabulary learning, in general, and compare semantic network practices with the most common learning strategy implemented by EFL learners (learning from bilingual word lists), in particular.
 Methodology: The project investigated the effectiveness of the two treatments among 114 EFL university students of both genders who were assigned to two experimental groups to receive the treatments and the third group of 43 EFL learners as the control group. Word Associates Test (WAT) and Original Levels Test (OLT) were administered as pre-tests to research subjects. The participants in experimental groups received four pamphlets every other week. After eight weeks, the WAT and OLT were re-administered to the same sample as the post-tests to check the effect of the treatments on the breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge.
 Results: The comparative results indicated that both treatments had significant effects on the depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge. The obtained results of the post-tests revealed the stronger role of semantic network practices on the depth of vocabulary knowledge than bilingual word lists. The comparisons of the mean scores of synonyms and collocations of WAT post-test in experimental groups indicated that class A (an experimental group who received sematic network practices) significantly outperformed class B (an experimental group who received bilingual word lists) in collocations.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that the FL learners’ mastery of new vocabulary knowledge is possible through obtaining a deep understanding of the acquired words.
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Shpar, T. V., and A. F. Aznabaeva. "Specific Features of Temporal and Event Related Vocabulary of the German Language of the Covid-19 Pandemic Era." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3/2 (June 30, 2023): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2023-3-382-390.
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The article deals with the features of reflecting temporal and event related vocabulary of the COVID-19 pandemic period in the lexical corpus of the German language. The empirical base of the study is the electronic dictionary Neuer Wortschatz rund um die Coronapandemie, which allowed to obtain reliable and valid results. The article identifies lexical and semantic groups of the studied vocabulary. The authors considered neologisms of the COVID-19 pandemic period from the point of view of the proper name theory and identified composites with derivational bases — eventonyms. The authors also analyzed the frequent lexical and semantic, morphological and stylistic means of new words’ origin; they described word-formation models from the point of view of their derivational potential.
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Radbil, T. B., L. V. Ratsiburskaya, and I. V. Paloshi. "Active Processes in the Vocabulary and Word Formation of the Russian Language in the Era of Coronavirus: Linguo-Cognitive Aspect." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-1-63-79.
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Semantic, lexical and derivational features of the emergence and spread of new phenomena in the speech practice of Russian speakers of the latest period associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are investigated. A linguo-cognitive interpretation of active processes in Russian vocabulary and Russian word formation of the era of coronavirus as formats of knowledge about the changed reality and the new conditions of communication associated with these changes is given. The methods of linguo-cognitive description of the “language of culture” and the method of analyzing active processes at different levels of the language system and methods of its speech implementation are used. The research materials are a dynamic and actively developing Russian-language segment of Internet communication and text data of the Russian National Corpus. Special attention is paid to three groups of new phenomena in the vocabulary of the Russian language associated with the mental and cultural development of the “coronavirus” conceptual space by native speakers: lexical-semantic, lexical and lexical-word-formation innovations. It is shown that active processes of the semantic type find their expression in the phenomena of “new polysemy” and “new homonymy”, as well as non-usual semantic narrowing. It is concluded that new words and expressions not only capture the emergence of new realities of life with coronavirus, but also contribute to the understanding of the changed social reality.
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Movchan, D. V. "CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTONYMS AND OTHER LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC CATEGORIES." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 68 (1) (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2021.1.09.
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The article argues that antonymous words are not isolated in the language but are part of the general scheme of thematic classification of the vocabulary, entering into close ties with representatives of synonymous and polysemantic groups. Proof of this position is the availability of antonymous-synonymous blocks and paradigms of meanings of antonymous words-polysemants in the language. This fact serves to understand the antonymy of lexical as a relationship between members of opposing dichotomous series, as well as expands the boundaries of closed binary structures, which are traditionally used to make antonymous connections. Antonymous relations are established to connect two opposites in pairs, as well as to combine several units into one polynomial structure. Words are found to have more antonyms than the corresponding number of meanings. This proves that some semes of one word are opposed by two or more synonymous antonyms. From the above-mentioned, it follows that the antonyms of polysemous words can be stated only within one family. Such a framework can be defined by limiting the range of antonymous units to a third common concept, under which two antonyms are summed up; establishing the antonyms of polysemous words through the contextual indicative minimum; distinguishing between the direct and figurative meaning of the word. The antonymous connections within the framework of the synonymous-antonymous paradigm are established to demonstrate a qualitatively heterogeneous character, differ in the strength of the manifestation of the relations of opposites and the frequency of practical implementation. The analysis of the manifestations of antonyms between the members of the dichotomous synonymous series allows distinguishing the following types: radial, linear, and cross radial. It is proved that the quantitative indicator of the formation of certain antonymous pairs from among the members of synonymous series depends on the volume of the synonymous series being compared, from the nature of semantic differences of the words of each series, from the emotional, evaluative, and stylistic characteristics of the members of the series, and the distribution of the words with relatively opposite meanings.
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Belov, Vadim. "Semantic Features of Nouns Referred to Various Lexical-And-Grammatical Categories." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (August 2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.3.4.
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The paper focuses on semantic properties of concrete and abstract nouns in the aspect of their cognitive categorization. The research is based on the results of two psycholinguistic experiments carried out by the author: synonym selection and word interpretation. The data obtained are verified by comparing data from the dictionaries of synonyms and National Corpus of the Russian Language. The synonym collection experiment shows that the speakers tend to extend synonymic relations of concrete nouns by means of semantic convergence of the words, which belong to different levels of hierarchy in the semantic field. Special attention is paid to nouns denoting a person. Their synonymic ranges differ significantly in lexicographic sources and the experiment findings. The word interpretation experiment points to the frequency of a logical (componential) method for interpretation of concrete nouns meaning, and synonymic method for abstract nouns. Concrete nouns are noted to realize logical categorization due to being incorporated into hierarchical semantic relations, whilst abstract nouns may reflect logical and figurative categorization because their meanings do not have subject reference and are characterized by uncertainty. Abstract nouns have been proved to build hierarchical semantic relations within their synonymic groups on certain conditions.
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Zakirova, A. A., and M. I. Andreeva. "Additional Meanings of Human Body-related Idioms: Context, Semantics." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 1 (2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-1-122-129.
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The paper addresses a vital issue of forming idioms with nominations of human body. Human body-related words nominating body parts, physiological and mental processes are used to form numerous English idioms. In given paper these idioms are referred to as human body-related. The paper aims at revealing the specifics of lexical and semantic constituents of the idioms with reference to their contexts. We collected 200 human body-related English idioms from academic books and dictionaries. The research comprised four stages. The thematic classification based on the lexical structure of the idioms revealed prevalence of the idioms comprising words head, eyes, heart, back, foot, and hand. The similarities found in the meanings of all the idioms under study provided semantic classification into five groups, namely, characteristics, action, state, causation, and ability. Next we focused on contextual and semantic specifics of the idioms. In particular, the idioms, containing the word head were studied in the texts of the British National Corpus. The contexts provided the following additional meanings of the idioms: higher position, achievements, location, expenses, and inability to do something. The revealed collocations follow AV+K type. The obtained results and developed algorithm may be applied to lexical and contextual studies of idioms and lexical groups.
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HERASYMENKO, Y. "DEVELOPING FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEXICAL COMPETENCE AMONG FUTURE SPECIALISTS." Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, no. 3 (2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2022-1-3-249-255.
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The article is dedicated to the topical issue of developing foreign language communicative competence, which consists of phonetic, lexical, grammatical, reading and writing competencies among future specialists. Based on the statement that achieving a high level of professional foreign language competence is impossible without the formation of a particular profile of foreign language lexical competence among students in written and oral communication, the main emphasis was made precisely on developing lexical competence. The research has outlined the structure of foreign language lexical competence. It consists of: 1) lexical knowledge that students acquire during the mastering of a foreign language lexical system, namely semantic connections, oral and written forms of words, their relative value, rules of word formation, distinctive or similar features with the corresponding lexical unit (LU) of native language, etc.; 2) lexical skills to intuitively correctly create, implement and understand foreign language LU based on speech lexical connections between graphic and spoken forms of words; 3) speech and language experience, which ensures storage, categorization, and acquisition of skills for working with available information (its understanding and reinterpretation), which students receive while learning a foreign language, as well as building the patterns of using foreign words in their minds; 4) ways of carrying out cognitive activities that are realized during communication and depend on the knowledge of LU and their semantic meanings, as well as lexical skills that a student acquires during classroom and individual activities. The development of foreign language lexical competence occurs in two stages. At the introductory stage, students gain knowledge of the lexical structure of a foreign language and the rules by which it is used. At the automation stage, students develop and improve the skills of working with new lexical units at «word-phrase-sentence» and «monologue-dialogue-text» levels. In addition, the current work has presented effective methods and tools for developing foreign language lexical competence: online flashcards and interactive work with them; associative maps; LU visualization; use of YouTube; joining the online thematic groups; implementation of interactive dictionaries while reading texts online; passive work with LU – associograms, grouping LU by categories, search for semantic connections, etc. Key words: foreign language lexical competence, lexical units, oral communication, written communication, lexical knowledge, lexical skills.
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Laganaro, Marina, Stéphanie Morand, and Armin Schnider. "Time Course of Evoked-potential Changes in Different Forms of Anomia in Aphasia." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 8 (2009): 1499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21117.
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Impaired word production after brain damage can be due to impairment at lexical–semantic or at lexical–phonological levels of word encoding. These processes are thought to involve different brain regions and to have different time courses. The present study investigated the time course of electrophysiological correlates of anomia in 16 aphasic speakers, divided in two subgroups according to their anomic pattern (8 with lexical–semantic impairment and 8 with lexical–phonological impairment), in comparison to 16 healthy control subjects performing the same picture naming task. Differences in amplitudes and in topographic maps between groups were differently distributed when the whole heterogeneous group of aphasic patients was compared to the control group and when the two more homogeneous subgroups of anomic patients were analyzed. The entire aphasic group expressed different waveforms and topographic patterns than the control group starting about 100 msec after picture presentation. When two subgroups of aphasic patients are considered according to the underlying cognitive impairment, early event-related potential (ERP) abnormalities (100–250 msec) appeared only in the lexical–semantic subgroup, whereas later ERP abnormalities (300–450 msec) occurred only in the lexical–phonological subgroup. These results indicate that the time windows of ERP abnormalities vary depending on the underlying anomic impairment. Moreover, the findings give support to current hypotheses on the time course of processes involved in word production during picture naming.
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Ivanova, O. E. "The semantic spelling notes to the contemporary spelling rules of adverbs (on the adverbs starting with vpol- and the correlated phrases v + vpolX)." Russian language at school 82, no. 3 (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2021-82-3-82-91.
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The rules for the spelling of adverbs have their specific character, which consists in their focus on different word groups (sometimes entirely small), distinguished primarily on the basis of word-formation and lexical features. One of such groups includes adverbs starting with vpol-. This article analyzes the use of these words in the contemporary texts, reveals the prevailing standard of their spelling or its absence, and determines the semantic criterion for distinguishing the adverbs and homonymous prepositional and case combinations. The results obtained help in clarifying the spelling rules for adverbs starting with vpol-.
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СТРУГАНЕЦЬ, Любов, та Юрій СТРУГАНЕЦЬ. "Моделювання тематичних кластерів спортивного лексикону сучасної української мови на основі інформаційних технологій". Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia, № 11 (4 грудня 2023): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2299-7237suv.11.4.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of modeling the sports lexicon of the Ukrainian language on the basis of author’s computer program «Verbarium». This program displays thematic clusters of the Ukrainian language lexicon, in particular such game sports as basketball, volleyball and football at the beginning of the 21st century. «Verbarium» makes it possible to systematize data and model lingual facts according to semantic, taxonomic, formal-structural and functional parameters. The «Semantic Stratification» database represents a multi-level semantic hierarchy of thematic clusters. The «Taxonomy» database explains the taxonomic ranks of the sports lexicon: sports field terms; extra-industry terminological units; terminological commonly used lexical units; nomenclature; professionalism, professional jargon. In the «Formal-Structural Types» database, the lexical unit from the sports field is assigned to one of the groups: words that arose according to word-forming methods typical for the national language; multi-component lexical units; foreign loanwords. The «Functioning» database records the contexts of the use of vocabulary in the special and non-special spheres.
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Friedrich, Manuela, and Angela D. Friederici. "Phonotactic Knowledge and Lexical-Semantic Processing in One-year-olds: Brain Responses to Words and Nonsense Words in Picture Contexts." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 11 (2005): 1785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892905774589172.
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During their first year of life, infants not only acquire probabilistic knowledge about the phonetic, prosodic, and phonotactic organization of their native language, but also begin to establish first lexical-semantic representations. The present study investigated the sensitivity to phonotactic regularities and its impact on semantic processing in 1-year-olds. We applied the method of event-related brain potentials to 12-and 19-month-old children and to an adult control group. While looking at pictures of known objects, subjects listened to spoken nonsense words that were phonotactically legal (pseudowords) or had phonotactically illegal word onsets (nonwords), or to real words that were either congruous or incongruous to the picture contents. In 19-month-olds and in adults, incongruous words and pseudowords, but not non-words, elicited an N400 known to reflect mechanisms of semantic integration. For congruous words, the N400 was attenuated by semantic priming. In contrast, 12-month-olds did not show an N400 difference, neither between pseudo-and nonwords nor between incongruous and congruous words. Both 1-year-old groups and adults additionally displayed a lexical priming effect for congruous words, that is, a negativity starting around 100 msec after words onset. One-year-olds, moreover, displayed a phonotactic familiarity effect, that is, a widely distributed negativity starting around 250 msec in 19-month-olds but occurring later in 12-month-olds. The results imply that both lexical priming and phonotactic familiarity already affect the processing of acoustic stimuli in children at 12 months of age. In 19-month-olds, adult-like mechanisms of semantic integration are present in response to phonotactically legal, but not to phonotactically illegal, nonsense words, indicating that children at this age treat pseudo-words, but not nonwords, as potential word candidates.
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Guasch, Marc, Rosa Sánchez-Casas, Pilar Ferré, and José E. García-Albea. "Translation performance of beginning, intermediate and proficient Spanish-Catalan bilinguals." Mental Lexicon 3, no. 3 (2008): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.3.3.03gua.
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This study explores how proficiency in a second language determines the way that lexical and semantic representations are functionally connected in bilingual memory by testing three groups of participants (beginning and intermediate Spanish-Catalan learners and highly proficient bilinguals). The experiment reported examines how form and semantic manipulations affect the performance of these groups in a translation recognition task using three types of word relations (very close and close semantically related word pairs and form-related pairs). The results reveal that form manipulation affects the performance of the three participant groups, whereas the influence of semantic relations depends on the participants’ level of proficiency. Results are discussed within the framework of the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994).
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ДЕНИСОВЕЦЬ, І. "СТАНОВЛЕННЯ Й РОЗВИТОК ТЕРМІНОНАЙМЕНУВАНЬ «ЛЕКСИЧНА І СИНТАКСИЧНА ДЕРИВАЦІЯ» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ СЛОВОТВОРІ". Current issues of linguistics and translation studies 21, № 1 (2021): 34–39. https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2021-21-7.
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The article analyzes the stages of development of the content of the concepts «lexical and syntactic derivation» in traditional and modern research on Ukrainian word formation. The views of the French linguist S. Balli, who considered the word-forming process as a transposition of two types that allow the transition of signs from one class to another, have been studied. It is traced that later E. Kurylovich contrasted these two types of transposition as lexical and syntactic. Peculiarities of lexical and syntactic derivation interpretation in the concept of Polish linguist E. Kurylovych are determined. He described lexical derivation as a change in the lexical meaning of a derived word relative to the generative one by the invariance of their primary syntactic function, and syntactic derivation as the process of forming a derivative with a new syntactic function within the same lexical meaning. It is determined that the Polish linguist considered syntactic shifts to be a key indicator of derivational shifts, so he supported the syntactic concept. It is substantiated that E. Kurylovych initiated a new approach to distinguishing between two derivational aspects – lexical and syntactic. It is proved that the Polish linguist, the author of the term derivation, defines this process as two-stage. It is observed that the binary classification of derivatives of E. Kurylovich can be correlated with the classification of M. Dokulil, who divides derivatives into three classes: modification, mutation and transposition. It is substantiated that at the first level of classification all derivatives should be considered within two groups: transpositional and non-transpositional, respectively the former are divided into syntactic derivatives and mutational derivatives, and the latter into actual mutational and modification derivatives. It is determined that based on the classification of E. Kurуlovуch and M. Dokulil later linguists began to interpret syntactic derivatives as a special class of derived words, which are characterized by two-way, formal-semantic connection with the creative, dismemberment of semantic structure, the presence of word-forming meaning. The semantic-functional potential of lexical groups of syntactic derivatives is analyzed, in particular: names of actions, names of qualities, relative adjectives, adverbs derived from qualitative adjectives. It is traced that in Ukrainian linguistics I.I. Kovalik distinguishes between the concepts of morphological and word-forming derivatology, defining within the latter lexical and syntactic derivation. The newest functional approach to the interpretation of syntactic derivation in Ukrainian linguistics is characterized. It is determined that according to it the syntactic derivation goes through two stages: functional assimilation of some categories to others; morphological design of new syntactic functions of the category.
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Patro, Chhayakanta, and Lisa Lucks Mendel. "Gated Word Recognition by Postlingually Deafened Adults With Cochlear Implants: Influence of Semantic Context." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 1 (2018): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0141.
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PurposeThe main goal of this study was to investigate the minimum amount of sensory information required to recognize spoken words (isolation points [IPs]) in listeners with cochlear implants (CIs) and investigate facilitative effects of semantic contexts on the IPs.MethodListeners with CIs as well as those with normal hearing (NH) participated in the study. In Experiment 1, the CI users listened to unprocessed (full-spectrum) stimuli and individuals with NH listened to full-spectrum or vocoder processed speech. IPs were determined for both groups who listened to gated consonant-nucleus-consonant words that were selected based on lexical properties. In Experiment 2, the role of semantic context on IPs was evaluated. Target stimuli were chosen from the Revised Speech Perception in Noise corpus based on the lexical properties of the final words.ResultsThe results indicated that spectrotemporal degradations impacted IPs for gated words adversely, and CI users as well as participants with NH listening to vocoded speech had longer IPs than participants with NH who listened to full-spectrum speech. In addition, there was a clear disadvantage due to lack of semantic context in all groups regardless of the spectral composition of the target speech (full spectrum or vocoded). Finally, we showed that CI users (and users with NH with vocoded speech) can overcome such word processing difficulties with the help of semantic context and perform as well as listeners with NH.ConclusionWord recognition occurs even before the entire word is heard because listeners with NH associate an acoustic input with its mental representation to understand speech. The results of this study provide insight into the role of spectral degradation on the processing of spoken words in isolation and the potential benefits of semantic context. These results may also explain why CI users rely substantially on semantic context.
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Tang, Yue, and Zihan Du. "A field method of studying the tropes in compliments to female representatives in the speech of Chinese youth." Litera, no. 8 (August 2022): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38435.
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This paper is devoted to the lexical-semantic characteristics of lexical units of feminine compliments with the use of tropes in modern Chinese speech of young people youth. “Trope” is understood as a word or a phrase that is used in a way that is different from its usual meaning. This paper uses the semantic field method, divided feminine compliments in Chinese youth speech into 6 lexical-semantic groups. Particular attention is paid to the original objects of tropes in LSG in order to analyze the model of tropes (in particular, metaphor and metonymy). In addition, the paper compared similar lexical units with the use of tropes in Chinese and Russian youth speech. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that this paper built up a semantic field of positive characteristics of the female gender in Chinese youth speech, made an attempt to identify lexical-semantic characteristics of tropes in youth speech. As a result of the study, the following conclusions are made: 1) Tropes are important methods of developing the meaning of words / phrases, which are observed with high frequency in youngs speech. 2) The formation of tropes is closely connected with segments of reality around youth, which reflect the peculiar worldview of youth, subcultures and pop-cultures they are interested in, as well as the development of society as a whole.
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Oleksenko, V. P. "STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE NEOLEXES ON THE DESIGNATION OF THE CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC SPHERE." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.235532.
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The article clarifies the meaning and features of word-formation development of new words and terms to denote the cultural and artistic field, which appeared in the modern Ukrainian literary language at the beginning of the XXI century and due to linguistic and extralinguistic factors are widely used. The object of research are words and terms of the cultural and artistic sphere, as they are best able to nominate concepts in special vocabulary, to reflect the diversity of the semantic spectrum of the conceptual sphere of «culture and art». The subject of research is lexical-semantic, structural-word-forming and spelling features of words and terms of cultural and artistic sphere in the Ukrainian language. Scientific novelty of the research. The classification of neolexes by semantic criterion is offered. The place of innovations in the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language is determined, the main stages of adaptation and structural and semantic features of words and terms to denote the cultural and artistic branch are characterized; the factors of creation of neolexes and their inclusion in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language, which supplement the corresponding lexical-semantic group with new tokens, are clarified; factors of word-forming activity of neolexes are revealed; It is proved that one of the reasons for the problem of qualification and spelling of neolexes with creative bases-Englishisms is the lack of mastery of innovations by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language. The existing achievements of linguists in the field of studying innovative derivatives are analyzed, it is stated that the issue of the dynamics of the language system is always at the center of current linguistic research. Innovative words and terms of the cultural and artistic sphere of the beginning of the XXI century in the language of mass media, Internet forums and in dictionaries of neologisms of the modern Ukrainian language are revealed, globalization tendencies in their use are testified. The main thematic groups of neolexes for the designation of the cultural and artistic sphere are singled out, structural and semantic innovations and productivity of their use are determined. It is proved that one of the reasons for the problem of qualification and spelling of neolexes with creative bases-Englishisms is the lack of mastery of innovations by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language.
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Zholshayeva, M., та T. Kalibekuly. "FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE VERB "ЖҮР" IN THE KAZAN LANGUAGE". BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 73, № 3 (2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.11.
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The article focuses on the semantic and grammatical features of the verb zhur (zhur - walk), one of the most active words in the Kazakh language. Although this verb is semantically a verb of movement, it is considered together with the verbs that remain in the classification in relation to the semantic groups of words that mean action. The only reason for this is the grammatical features of the verb. Taking into account these features, the article identifies the basis for the combination of the lexeme with the lexical and semantic groups of verbs. This is done by conducting a component (semantic) analysis of the semantic structure of the leading verb in the analytical form of the verb and the semantic structure of the auxiliary verb associated with it. As a result, the functional and semantic features of the verb in the Kazakh language are identified, and the grammatical meanings of the analytical formant with this word in combination with the main verb are shown.
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Tsyhvintseva, Iuliia. "Resources and methods of neosemantization of the modern Ukrainian vocabulary." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2021): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.03.121.
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This article focuses on the dynamic processes at the lexical level. The research data, e.g., academic dictionaries and dictionaries of new words, online media texts, and specialized professional sites, the Ukrainian journalism, and posts by Facebook users, indicate the emergence of a large number of new meanings of various word classes words well-known in the modern Ukrain- ian language practice. Some of them are already included in dictionaries, and, therefore, have acquired definitions used in this study. Examples not attested in lexicographic sources are reinterpreted in accordance with their new meanings. The author focuses on the ability of the language to update its vocabulary within its own resources through semantic derivation, hidden borrowings, and the use of the available derivation model referring to a new concept. A phenomenon of semantic derivation is outlined and the mechanisms of its main types, e.g., metaphorical and metonymy transfer of meaning, amplification and semantic narrowing, are explicated. The paper looks into the basis for such a unit assimilation process, i.e., the main groups of modern hidden borrowings and resources. The author considers the phenomenon of the reuse of an existing derivation model as a way of updating the semantics of a word and classifies neosemantisms not only by the method of creation but also by lexical and word-formation categories and types of polysemy. The use of neosemantisms in Standard Ukrainian proves their functional and word-formation activity, which shows a constant qualitative development of the language and an increase of its naming resources. Keywords: neosemantism, semantic derivation, polysemy, hidden borrowing, recurrent derivational model, homonym.
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SURGULADZE, SIMON, SUSAN ROSSELL, SOPHIA RABE-HESKETH, and ANTHONY S. DAVID. "Cross-modal semantic priming in schizophrenia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 7 (2002): 884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702870023.
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Work on implicit memory in normal subjects has demonstrated the influence of stimulus modality on the retrieval of semantic information. The present study examined the effects of auditory and visual semantic priming on the recognition of visual words using a lexical decision task. Performance was studied in a group of 20 patients with DSM–IV schizophrenia and 26 normal volunteers of similar age and sex. There were two versions of the task: ipsimodal, in which the word or nonword visual target followed 400 ms after the onset of a visual word prime which may or may not be semantically related to the target; and cross-modal, in which the visual target followed 400 ms after the onset of an auditory word prime. Both groups showed significant priming in both modality conditions, although the schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly greater priming in the cross-modal condition. Priming effects in the ipsimodal condition did not differ substantially between patients and controls. The priming effects in the two conditions correlated with each other in the schizophrenia patients only. The results suggest that priming may occur through amodal semantic representations. In schizophrenia, there appears to be increased cross-modal connectivity (reduced modality modularity and informational encapsulation) between lexical representations that could result in impaired language, particularly speech, processing. (JINS, 2002, 8, 884–892.)
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Dai, Xiahong. "The path to grammaticalization of the phrase "taking into account": the specifics of lexical and semantic compatibility." Филология: научные исследования, no. 11 (November 2024): 121–31. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2024.11.72115.
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As a result of the constant process of grammaticalization, a large number of words have appeared in the Russian language that perform the function of prepositions. Modern linguists are paying more and more attention to such service words. The object is the word "considering" (phrase "taking into account"), which performs a function similar to the function of a preposition. The subject of the study is the semantics and syntagmatic properties of this word form. The purpose of the study is to identify the syntagmatic specifics of the phrase "taking into account". The task is to establish thematic groups of vocabulary, which occupies the positions of the left and right components of the structure, which is built using the phrase "taking into account". The author examines in detail the specifics of the lexical and semantic compatibility of the phrase "taking into account" and its grammaticalization stage. The source of the material is the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The results obtained can be applied in lexicographic practice. The study uses a descriptive method and a method of contextual analysis. As a result of the analysis of the material, several lexico-semantic groups with the highest frequency of occurrence in the left and right components of the structure were identified. It has been established that the following lexical and semantic groups are the most frequent in the position of the right component: verbal nouns denoting human action and activity; nouns denoting parameters; nouns naming various kinds of qualitative characteristics; nouns naming phenomena from the sphere of "finance". In the position of the left component, verbs or verbal nouns with the meaning of creative activity are most frequent; vocabulary denoting a change in state or quantity; verbs and verbal nouns with the meaning of doing something. The interrelationships between lexical and semantic groups in the position of the left and right components are revealed. This allowed us to conclude about the limited compatibility of the phrase "taking into account", which indicates the initial stage of grammaticalization. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the work presents for the first time the results of a study of the specifics of the syntagmatics of the word form "taking into account".
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Melnik, Uluia A. "Current neological processes in the contemporary Russian language (on materials of sociolinguistic Internet-projects)." Neophilology, no. 17 (2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-17-62-71.
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We analyze Russian projects “Word of the Year”, “Dictionary of Changes”, “Dictionary of the Year” (2014–2017), which show what lexical units are in the focus for their importance and relevance for society members. We analyze words as a current part of the thematic group for present moment that reflects dominant ideas of the meaning of a year. We pay attention to the fact that many words have a social and political orientation. We identify the subjective principle of formation of projects’ lists and study neological processes marking changes in the contemporary Russian language vocabulary. We classify represented lexical material according to the nature of neological processes, the way of a word entering the language considering the possibility of its further consolidation the language. Mentioned grouping of lexis enable to identify that the following processes are current for contemporary Russian language: activation of certain lexical-thematic groups with extralinguistic factors, a transformation of lexical semantics and co-occurrence, replenishment of vocabulary due to active processes of modern word creation and borrowing, creative usage of language system possibilities. The most frequent language methods used for verbalization of current phenomena, events, facts of objective reality such as the method of paromynic attraction, the method of blending, verb word formation, suffixation, semantic reinterpretation are considered.
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CREMER, M., and R. SCHOONEN. "The role of accessibility of semantic word knowledge in monolingual and bilingual fifth-grade reading." Applied Psycholinguistics 34, no. 6 (2012): 1195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000203.
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ABSTRACTThe influences of word decoding, availability, and accessibility of semantic word knowledge on reading comprehension were investigated for monolingual (n = 65) and bilingual children (n = 70). Despite equal decoding abilities, monolingual children outperformed bilingual children with regard to reading comprehension and availability of semantic word knowledge. Individual differences in reading comprehension were accounted for by differences in availability of semantic word knowledge and to a lesser extent by speed of access to this semantic knowledge. Speed of access accounted for variance in reading comprehension beyond the variance accounted for by decoding and availability of semantic knowledge. A path model suggests that reading comprehension differences between monolinguals and bilinguals are mediated by availability of semantic knowledge. Analyses showed no significant interaction between predictor variables and language background. A multigroup analysis distinguishing proficient and less proficient comprehenders showed a small difference between the two proficiency groups, suggesting that the lexical–semantic variables are more predictive of reading proficiency in the proficient group than in the less proficient group.
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Rajab Jafarli, Rajab Jafarli. "LEXICAL FEATURES OF BRITISH SLANG AND DESCRIPTION OF ITS WORD FORMATION." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 20, no. 03 (2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-26.
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Clarification of all aspects of the social differentiation of language is one of the urgent problems of modern linguistics. An in-depth study of this problem is especially important in terms of clearly showing the direction of language development and its causes, revealing the relationship between people's living conditions and language options. British slang needs to be studied in terms of studying the specifics of linguistic, cultural and social groups. Opinions on the classification, analysis, lexical and semantic features of slang in linguistic researches are different. The research topic is approached from the point of view of lexical-semantic linguistics and lexical factors influencing its development are noted. The main goal of the article is to identify the lexical features of modern British slang and for this purpose, examples from English literature, dictionaries, and articles in periodicals were selected. The article can be useful in the in the teaching of lexicology courses and in the preparation of lectures on lexicography. The lexical features and word formation of slang were researched with the use of general scientific methods, descriptive, linguistic analysis, and historical-comparative research methods in the article. Keywords: Slang, semantics, stereotype, informal layer, marginal, grammatical canons.
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Girbau, Dolors, and Richard G. Schwartz. "Implicit Semantic Priming in Spanish-Speaking Children and Adults: An Auditory Lexical Decision Task." Spanish journal of psychology 14, no. 1 (2011): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n1.1.
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Although receptive priming has long been used as a way to examine lexical access in adults, few studies have applied this method to children and rarely in an auditory modality. We compared auditory associative priming in children and adults. A testing battery and a Lexical Decision (LD) task was administered to 42 adults and 27 children (8;1–10;11 years-old) from Spain. They listened to Spanish word pairs (semantically related/unrelated word pairs and word-pseudoword pairs), and tone pairs. Then participants pressed one key for word pairs, and another for pairs with a word and a pseudoword. They also had to press the two keys alternatively for tone pairs as a basic auditory control. Both groups of participants, children and adults, exhibited semantic priming, with significantly faster Reaction Times (RTs) to semantically related word pairs than to unrelated pairs and to the two word-pseudoword sets. The priming effect was twice as large in the adults compared to children, and the children (not the adults) were significantly slower in their response to word-pseudoword pairs than to the unrelated word pairs. Moreover, accuracy was somewhat higher in adults than children for each word pair type, but especially in the word-pseudoword pairs. As expected, children were significantly slower than adults in the RTs for all stimulus types, and their RTs decreased significantly from 8 to 10 years of age and they also decreased in relation to some of their language abilities development (e.g., relative clauses comprehension). In both age groups, the Reaction Time average for tone pairs was lower than for speech pairs, but only all adults obtained 100% accuracy (which was slightly lower in children). Auditory processing and semantic networks are still developing in 8-10 year old children.
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Park, Sangwook, and JungWan Kim. "Characteristics of Performance according to Type of Semantic Lexical Task in Normal Elderly and Individuals with Subjective Memory Impairment." Audiology and Speech Research 17, no. 3 (2021): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.210005.
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Purpose: For comparison of a semantic knowledge processing of the elderly, particularly the normal individuals and individuals with subjective memory impairment, this study aims to clarify what factors of semantic knowledge task could sensitively discriminate between the two groups by conducting various types of tasks and analyzing the aspects.Methods: High/low frequency category fluency test, concrete/abstract noun word defining test, and semantic association task were performed by 30 normal subjects and 30 subjective memory impaired subjects over 65 years old. Total and each subcategory scores were assessed for the category fluency test and word defining test, and correct response and reaction time were measured for the semantic association task.Results: It was found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the total score of the category fluency task (p < 0.001), low-frequency category score, abstract noun word defining task score (p < 0.05), and reaction time of semantic association task (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The result showed that in case of a target word with lower contact frequency and more abstract concept, the elderly with subjective memory impairment have difficulties in neural-networking activation of semantic knowledge and control of interruption stimulation when approaching a target word, with increased reaction time. This findings demonstrate that a semantic and lexical task has a clinical significance in discriminating a subjective memory impairment group.
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Gurova, P. V., and I. V. Stekolshchikova. "The meaning of the Proto-indo-European root *ghos-ti- and its derivates in the English language." Key Issues of Contemporary Linguistics, no. 5 (May 11, 2023): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5075-2023-5-6-14.
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Aim. To study the semantic field of the root *ghos-ti- in PIE (the Proto-Indo-European language), divide Modern English lexical units with the etymological root *ghos-ti- into groups according to their formal and semantic features.Methodology. The main research methods are the comparative-historical method and the descriptive-analytical method, which includes classification, comparison and generalization of the lexical units under study.Results. The study showed that lexis with the root *ghos-ti- came into English through Proto-Germanic, Latin and Ancient Greek. Modern English lexical items with this root were grouped based on their meaning and form.Research implications. The data on semantic and word-formative development of vocabulary, which emerged from the root *ghos-ti-, has been extended and updated. A classification of modern English lexemes with this root has been proposed.