Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lexical stylistics'

O objetivo desta tese é estudar as criações neológicas de campo semântico relacionado ao contexto amazônico presentes na poesia de João de Jesus Paes Loureiro, cujo pensamento poético dialoga com os mitos, crenças e com o imaginário nativo daquela região. Por meio de seu estilo, o autor busca expressar uma relação diferenciada para com a língua portuguesa, valendo-se de neologismos que marcam uma localização geográfica e cultural, buscando subverter a língua num trabalho de artesanato que almeja a renovação da palavra, transmutando-a do seu uso cotidiano para adquirir cargas semânticas variadas, poetizando o que o autor chama de mundamazônico. A partir do diálogo entre as teorias da estilística lexical e da poética formal, além do auxílio do pensamento estético postulado pelo próprio autor em seus ensaios, a pesquisa recolhe as invenções lexicais de contexto amazônico distribuídas ao longo da produção literária de Paes Loureiro, sobretudo as criações que desenvolvem questionamentos sobre a modernização e exploração financeira do norte do Brasil. A recolha do corpus, portanto, não se pretende extensa. Busca-se analisar apenas os neologismos que expressam questões íntimas à amazonicidade e ao aspecto regional. A pesquisa almeja ainda verificar como o estilo do autor desenvolve uma linguagem-rio, palavra reveladora do trabalho da poesia enquanto encantaria da linguagem, conforme aponta o autor. Os livros analisados para a pesquisa foram Porantim; Deslendário; Altar em Chamas; Para ler como quem anda nas ruas; As Encantarias; Artesão das águas; O ser aberto; A loba; Cinco palavras à Virgem de Nazaré; Pentacantos; Epístolas e Baladas; Cantigas de Amar e de Amor; e Tarefa todos inclusos nos volumes I e II das Obras Reunidas e Água de Fonte, Romanceiro do Quem são eles e Iluminação/Iluminuras, de modo a traçar o perfil expressivo que tais criações incidem para compor o estilo do autor.
The aim of this thesis is to study the neological creations of a semantic field related to the Amazonian context present in the poetry of João de Jesus Paes Loureiro, whose poetic thought dialogues with the myths, beliefs and the native imaginary of that region. Through his style, the author seeks to express a differentiated relationship with the Portuguese language, using neologisms that mark a geographical and cultural location, seeking to subvert the language in a work of craftsmanship that seeks the renewal of the word, transmuting it of its daily use to acquire varied semantic loads, poetizing what the author calls \"mundamazônico\". From the dialogue between the theories of lexical stylistics and formal poetics, in addition to the aesthetic thought of the author himself in his essays, the research collects the lexical inventions of the Amazonian context distributed throughout the literary production of Paes Loureiro, creations that raise questions about the modernization and financial exploration of northern Brazil. The collection of the corpus, therefore, is not intended to be extensive. We seek to analyze only the neologisms that express intimate questions about amazonicity and the regional aspect. The research also seeks to verify how the author\'s style develops a \"river language\", a revealing word for the work of poetry while \"enchanting the language\", as the author points out. The books analyzed for the research were Porantim; Deslendário; Altar em Chamas; Para ler como quem anda nas ruas; As Encantarias; Artesão das águas; O ser aberto; A loba; Cinco palavras à Virgem de Nazaré; Pentacantos; Epístolas e Baladas; Cantigas de Amar e de Amor; e Tarefa all included in volumes I and II of the Obras Reunidas e Água de Fonte, Romanceiro do Quem são eles e Iluminação/Iluminuras, in order to trace the expressive profile that such creations have in order to compose the style of the author.

O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar as escolhas e as criações lexicais de Mário de Andrade nas suas obras poéticas mais representativas da década de 20: Pauliceia desvairada; Losango cáqui e Clã do jabuti. Sob a ótica da Estilística Léxica e com auxílio da Semântica, recolhemos e analisamos as criações lexicais resultantes da necessidade estilística. Entendemos que elas foram escolhidas por Mário de Andrade para acentuar a expressividade de seu texto e procuramos demonstrar, através da sua inserção em campos-léxico-semânticos, a existência de temas reveladores da visão de mundo do autor e da época. As obras analisadas evidenciam a ampliação do território poético de Mário de Andrade que parte da cidade de São Paulo, em processo de urbanização, para abraçar o país multicultural. Através dos temas e das escolhas lexicais feitas, o poeta-enunciador, ao usar a máscara do arlequim, transfigura-se em poeta-arlequim, poeta-soldado e em poeta-antropólogo sugerindo, assim, a aproximação ou o afastamento de determinado grupo social.
The purpose of this dissertation is to study the choices and the lexical creations by Mário de Andrade in his most representative poetic works in the twenties: Pauliceia desvairada, Losango cáqui and Clã do jabuti. From the Lexical Stylistics point of view and with the Semantic\'s help, we collected and analyzed the lexical creations resulting from stylistic necessities. We understand that those were chosen by Mário to enhance the expressiveness of his text and we try to evidence, by inserting them in lexical-semantic-fields, the existence of themes revealing the poet\'s particular view of his world and time. The present work evidences the enlargement of Andrade\'s poetic territory which starts in a São Paulo city in urbanization process to embrace the whole multicultural country. Based on the themes and lexical choices made, the enunciator-poet, when uses the harlequin\'s mask, transfigures himself in a harlequin-poet, a soldier-poet and in a anthropologist-poet suggesting, in this way, the proximity or distance from specific social groups.

Os estudos estilísticos, inseridos na área de estudos da língua portuguesa, têm por objetivo verificar como a escolha lexical e os neologismos literários podem causar diversos efeitos sobre os leitores de obras literárias. Entre outros autores, Alves (1990), Barbosa (1981), Lapa (1977), Mattoso Câmara Jr. (1985) e Martins (2000), discorreram a respeito do tema, salientando a importância da criação lexical em relação à expressividade e à criatividade de diferentes autores brasileiros. Tendo em vista a importância das pesquisas nessa área, escolhemos como corpus da nossa pesquisa a obra em prosa do autor teatral Ariano Suassuna, o Romance d\'A Pedra do Reino e a História d\'O Rei Degolado, caracterizada pela presença significativa de criações lexicais, as quais, além de transmitir para o leitor a visão de mundo do narrador, Dom Pedro Dinis Ferreira-Quaderna, também conferem a seu texto grande originalidade, tendendo para a subversão ou validação dos gêneros literários nos quais Suassuna se inspirou para criar sua obra, sobretudo as novelas de cavalaria e a literatura de cordel. Verificamos também como, por meio de uma cuidadosa manipulação do léxico, Quaderna procura aliciar seus leitores, mostrando uma visão de mundo única e procurando impor os valores culturais que considera importantes no campo da cultura brasileira. A partir da identificação e recolha dos neologismos suassunianos, e dada sua grande diversidade, nossa proposta é apresentar neste trabalho uma amostra dos neologismos sintagmáticos e semânticos encontrados nas duas obras, levando em conta aspectos como a afetividade das palavras e expressividade de sufixos, salientando também como, por meio de suas criações, o autor concretiza a mistura dos elementos eruditos e populares que constituem a base de seu pensamento cultural.
Stylistics studies, included in the field of research related to the Portuguese language, aim at verifying how the choice of lexicon and literary neologisms can affect readers of literature. Among other authors, Alves (1990), Barbosa (1981), Lapa (1977), Mattoso Câmara Jr. (1985), and Martins (2000) studied this subject, highlighting the importance of lexical creation in connection with the expressiveness and creativity of many Brazilian writers. Bearing in mind the relevance of research in this field, we have chosen as corpus for our study the only prose works by playwright Ariano Suassuna, Romance d\'A Pedra do Reino and História d\'O Rei Degolado, characterised by the significant amount of lexical creation, which not only conveys to the reader the worldview of their narrator, Dom Pedro Dinis Ferreira-Quaderna, but also confer the text great originality, tending either to the subversion or validation of the literary genres which inspired Suassuna to create his works, especially chivalric romance and cordel literature. We have also verified how, through careful lexical manipulation strategies, Quaderna attempts to entice his readers by showing a single worldview, and trying to impose Brazilian cultural values that he deems to be important. From the identification and collection of neologisms created by Suassuna, the main objective of this study is to present a sample of syntagmatic and semantic neologisms found in both works, taking into consideration aspects such as the affectivity of words and the expressiveness of suffixes; thus highlighting how effectively Suassuna creates and uses classical and popular elements the basis of his cultural thinking.

As a lingua franca across the globe, English plays a vital role in international communications. Due to rapid economic, political, and educational globalization, the English language has become a powerful means of communication. Therefore, English education is vital to the development of many countries around the world. Since 1932, the need for a lingua franca in Saudi Arabia developed as the country progressed politically, economically, and educationally. Now, English is important to Saudis’ economic, educational, and career development and success. Vocabulary is a major step in learning any language. By deepening students’ lexical knowledge, they will be able to use English accurately to express themselves. However, teaching words in isolation and through memorization is not highly effective; English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners need to interact with the language and its usage in a more profound way. This can be done by integrating corpora and stylistics analysis in an EFL curriculum. The importance of stylistics analysis to literary texts in the EFL classroom lies in the way that EFL learners will be exposed to authentic language. At the same time they will get insight into how English is structured; and by accessing corpora, which provide a wide range of data for the analysis of stylistics, students will be able to compare the lexical and grammatical patterns in authentic texts. Also, it is important to introduce students to the different levels of English (i.e. semantic, lexis, morphology); this will enlarge EFL learners’ knowledge of English vocabulary and various grammatical patterns. This project offers an innovative perspective on how to teach English for EFL university-level students by using corpora in a lexicalized stylistics approach, which will enable EFL learners to acquire vocabulary by reading literary texts. This provides a rich environment of lexical items and a variety of grammatical patterns. This approach offers EFL learners analytical tools that will improve their linguistic skills as they interact with and analyze authentic examples of English and gain insight about its historical, social and cultural background.

The aim of this study is to examine the semantic architecture of the motif complex the four elements, i.e. fire, air, water and earth, in the Swedish poet Gunnar Ekelöf’s poem A Mölna Elegy (1960). The poem belongs to the same polyphonic and quotative-allusive tradition as T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and Ezra Pound’s Cantos. The four elements may be regarded both as four separate motifs and as constituting one semantically coherent motif complex. The latter reading has to do with the fact that the phrase the four elements is not itself present in the text. Thus, the thesis includes the assumption that this motif complex, heavily suggested by items in the text but still omitted, might function as a text matrix, from which a number of themes emerge such as life–death and time. The thesis has a theoretical anchoring in ideas about semantic frames (Barsalou) when discussing semantic relations between the different element-related words in the poem, and how these words may be linked to the concepts ‘fire’, ‘air’, water’ and ‘earth’ respectively. Traditional lexical relations such as hyponymy, antonymy and meronymy only catch the more obvious relations such as fire–glow, warm–cold and tree–branch, but are unable to explain pragmatically based relations between words linked to the same conceptual domain, such as sea–jetty, water–sink, fly–air and the like. To some extent, the thesis also draws upon Riffaterre’s theories about a poem’s matrix and how meaning arises in such texts. A major finding of the study is the heavy lexical presence of the four elements in the poem, expressed and suggested by a great number of semantically heterogeneous words. This semantic pattern is analysed in detail with the aid of semantic frame theory. A further discovery is that most of the element words imply dichotomies such as motion–repose, warmth–cold, light–dark or soft–hard. The elements have most of the dichotomies in common, which strongly suggests a union of all the four elements. Such a union is also suggested by several conspicuous compounds never earlier recorded in Swedish, such as glödstänk (‘glowspray’), vindstänk (‘windspray’), eldsus (‘fire sough’) and vågsus (‘wave sough’). The meetings of element are also described at the syntactic level as an explicit amalgamation of all four elements, which suggests a theme not earlier noticed. This theme may tentatively be called the cyclical amalgamation.

Abstract

The aim of this study was twofold. On the one hand, the aim was to discuss how lexical gaps can be solved or dealt with when a text about wildlife and nature different from that of the target culture is translated. On the other hand, the aim was also to discuss how the style and tone of such a text can be preserved and transferred into the target text. The study was qualitative and based on a translation into Swedish of short chapters of the book Spirit of the Bush by Peter Borchert, describing the South African wildlife and nature. The intended target reader of the translation is anyone with an interest in nature, wildlife and animals, as well as anyone with an interest in the history and culture of South Africa. Despite the fact that the terminology used in both the source text and the target text may require some previous knowledge on behalf of the reader, both texts could, nevertheless, very well be appreciated by a complete “wildlife-novice”. In order to create a theoretical base and a framework for the analysis, relevant research made in translation theory and stylistics was presented and discussed. Regarding lexical gaps, all the different strategies, apart from omission, proved to be of great help when the source text was translated into Swedish. Several examples of metaphors were discussed, such as how the wilderness is described as a stage, the animals as actors, and the visitors as making a pilgrimage. The metaphors in combination with the similes and the personifications in the source text, such as bold clouds and confident rivulets, fire the readers’ imagination and create a very vivid and capturing text. This is also something that supports the claim made that Spirit of the Bush is more than an ordinary informative text.

 

Keywords: translation, lexical gaps, style, tone, stylistics, wildlife, bush.

 

In 2018, most news articles are consumed online from a digitally native news outlet and it is therefore appropriate to examine the presence of linguistic sexism in the digitally native news site Buzzfeed News. The material is made up of 159 articles collected from Buzzfeed News. Selected features at the lexical and discourse levels are analysed using a quantitative method with qualitative elements. The selected features at the lexical level include generic pronouns and nouns, focused on the affix -man- and naming practices for females and males. At the discourse level, the selected features include how females and males are described in terms of their relationships, appearance and age-related words. Linguistic sexism is found to be expressed at both the lexical and discourse levels in the material. It is mainly expressed in naming practices, the use of relationship words and age-related words.
Dagens nyhetskonsument får, enligt studier, de flesta av sina nyheter från källor online och då främst från digitalt inhemska nyhetskällor, också känt som digitally native news outlets. Detta innebär att det därför är lämpligt att undersöka närvaron av språklig sexism i den digitally native news outlet Buzzfeed News. Materialet i studien består av 159 artiklar insamlade från Buzzfeed News. Utvalda språkliga markörer på ord- och diskursnivå är analyserade med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod med kvalitativa element. De utvalda markörerna på ordnivå inkluderar generiska pronomen och substantiv med fokus på affixet -man- och hur kvinnor och män namnges. De utvalda markörerna på diskursnivå som studeras inkluderarar hur kvinnor och män beskrivs vad gäller deras relationer till andra, utseende och åldersrelaterade ord. Språklig sexism finns uttryckt både på ord- och diskursnivå i materialet och det är huvudsakligen uttryckt i hur kvinnor och män namnges, användandet av relationsord och åldersrelaterade ord.

This study is based on a corpus of the Charles Dickens Complete Works (the DCC), which was constructed to fulfil the aims of this research. The DCC was compiled to represent The Works of Charles Dickens in the National Edition (a set of 40 volumes, including the life of Dickens in the last two volumes, which consists of 6,202,886 tokens in total). This compilation, as the DCC, represents the first complete corpus of Dickens’s works. Employing the corpus stylistic approach was as an underpinning concept, and formed the methodology that has guided the research. The lens of focus is placed on Dickens’s lexicon, in respect to both the lexemes and their relative frequency, alongside the choices of lexis to be found in the context. The rationale for this thesis and value of its aims is primarily the facilitation of non-native English learners’ access to these works, through provision of an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of Dickens’s style with regards to his semantics and lexical choice. Additionally, the methodology aims to enable the acquisition of vocabulary, while providing learners with training in the reading of complex texts. The software tools used in the analysis are the WordSmith Tools 6.0 suite, AntConc 3.4.4w, AntWordProfiler 1.4.0w and the Range programme. The investigation of the DCC was conducted to facilitate Dickens’s works to non-native readers by focusing on the lexicon of his works. The analysis reports, amongst others, the DCC keyword list; the DCC Headword List (with 27,296 headwords); and the DCC Word Family List (approximately 102,753), which contains the family members of each headword in the DCC. These lists represent a valuable resource that can serve to facilitate the teaching of Dickens objectively, and through an evidence-based approach. In essence, the lexical knowledge gained from the DCC is intended to advance the reading and comprehension of Dickens’s works by non-native readers, and then to contribute towards the development of such learners' level of English language proficiency. Therefore, this study builds bridges between corpus stylistics and second language pedagogy. In the analysis of Dickens’s lexical selection, I demonstrate how learners can be assisted to reach the appreciation of Dickens’s style in terms of his lexicon and the semantic level of his works.

Esta tese trata das escolhas léxico-estilísticas na obra Vidas secas de Graciliano Ramos. Sabemos que o texto é o lugar em que se processa o novo e para que esse novo possa ser construído é preciso que o sujeito produtor tenha competência lexical, pois o ato de textualização está relacionado com as escolhas feitas pelo sujeito produtor ao mediatizar-se com o mundo, com o universo referencial. Essa mediatização implica um recorte e a partir desse recorte o sujeito produtor reconceptualiza o referente, tendo, por conseguinte, o novo. Todavia, essa reconceptualização implica uma escolha e é essa escolha que vai determinar a visão de mundo e o estilo do sujeito produtor. Como sabemos, o estilo como objeto da estilística, ainda não foi satisfatoriamente delimitado, mas nessa pesquisa estamos entendendo-o como escolha que abrange tanto o conteúdo quanto a maneira como esse conteúdo é organizado e apresentado. Desse modo, os recursos estilísticos, a escolha de um tipo de gênero discursivo e a seleção lexical estão implicitamente relacionados ao estilo, à criatividade do sujeito produtor uma vez que a forma entrelaçada ao conteúdo determinará a seleção lexical do discurso enunciado, pois como sabemos, as experiências sócio-histórico-culturais-ideológicas e cognitivas do falante de uma determinada língua vêm marcadas pelo léxico que mostra, não só sua visão de mundo, mas também a sua criatividade em representar esse mundo. Nesse sentido, esta tese tem por tema o estudo do léxico, na obra Vidas secas, de Graciliano Ramos, buscando verificar como as escolhas lexicais dão ao contexto expressividade e revelam a visão de mundo do sujeito produtor. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o estilo conciso, enxuto e preciso na obra Vidas secas se deve, não só ao fato de o sujeito produtor procurar narrar uma história usando uma linguagem tão seca quanto o meio ambiente retratado na narrativa, mas também porque busca se colocar como porta-voz de personagens não alfabetizadas, agindo como procurador dessas personagens. As escolhas lexicais em Vidas secas apontaram que as personagens têm uma vida seca em todos os sentidos seca de água, seca de amor, seca de conhecimento letrado, seca de socialização. Essas secas vão despersonalizando as personagens, aproximando-as cada vez mais de animais para que possam sobreviver no meio hostil. É preciso ressaltar também que o estudo do campo lexical da seca apontou que esse fenômeno climático para a população pobre como a família de Fabiano simboliza a morte, sendo necessário em tempos de longas estiagens saírem em busca da sobrevivência em outras regiões a verdade é que não queria afastar-se da fazenda. A viagem parecia sem jeito, nem acreditava nela, e só resolvera partir quando estava definitivamente perdido. Podia continuar a viver num cemitério? Nada o prendia àquela terra dura, acharia um lugar menos seco para enterrar-se (RAMOS, 1985, p.117).
This thesis has for objective to treat choicess lexical-stylistics in the literary work Vidas secas by Graciliano Ramos. We know that the text is the place in where it processes the new and that the new can be built it is necessary that the producers subject has lexical competence as the textualization act is related to the choices made by the producers subject when mediates with the world, with the referential universe. This mediatization implies act of cut the experiential world, this acts producer subject reconceptualizes the referent, and he has therefore \"the new\". But, this reconceptualization implies a choice and it is this choice that will determine the worlds view and the style producers subject. As we know, the style, as stylistics object wasnt yet satisfactorily delimited, but in this research we understand it as a choice that covers so much both the content and how as that content is organized and presented. Thus, the stylisticss recourses, the choice of discursive style and the lexical selection are implicitly related to style, to creativitys producer subject once the form interlaced to content will determine the lexical selection of the utterance discourse, because as we know the speakers experiences socio-historical-cultural-ideological and cognitive that given to language have been marked by the lexicon that shows not only their view world, but also their creativity to represent this world. Thus, this thesis has for theme the lexicons study in the literary work Vidas secas, by Graciliano Ramos, it searches to investigate as the lexical choices give the expression to context and reveal the views world producers subject. The results suggest that the concise, succinct and precise style in literary work Vidas secas it dues to the fact producers subject to tell a story using a dry language as the environment depicted in the narrative, and also because it seeks to position itself as characters spokesman illiterate, acting as attorney of those characters. Lexical choices in literary work Vidas secas pointed out that the characters have a dry life in every senses drys water, drys love, drys literate knowledge, drys socialization. These \"dry\" will depersonalize the characters, approaching more and more animals so that they can survive in the hostile environment. One should also point out that the study of lexical drys field pointed out that this weather phenomenon for the poor as familys Fabiano symbolizes the death, if need be in droughts long time out in search survival in other regions, \"the truth is did not want to move away from the farm. The trip seemed embarrassed, could not believe it, and just decided to leave when was definitely lost. Could continue to live in a cemetery? Nothing held him to that hard earth, would find a less dry place to bury \"(RAMOS, 1985, p.117).

Russell Hoban's 1980 novel Riddley Walker is most obviously characterised by distinctive orthography, yet it also contains a high degree of lexical and syntactic creativity. This study explores the nature and extent of that creativity, illustrating that, while much of the novel is written in standard English, in the area of the lexicon there is a range of neologisms, including derivations, original coinages, and reanalysed forms; in the area of syntax, the novel contains a number of standard and nonstandard sentence types, with several participial and verbless sentences and many instances of parataxis. The principal contention of this thesis is that the combined effects of lexical and syntactic creativity help to project a fictional world that relies heavily on eroded and subsequently restructured forms of standard English, as well as being influenced by spoken language to a greater extent than by written. A range of theoretical and methodological approaches in stylistics is employed to analyse and explain the language of the novel. In addition to traditional methods of analysing fiction, the study uses corpus methods to generate hypotheses and substantiate findings, supported throughout by collocational analysis. The theoretical core of the study is located in cognitive stylistics: deictic shift theory, schema theory, conceptual blending, contextual frame theory, and fictional-world theory more broadly are all assessed in order to determine how appropriate they are for an analysis of the role of the novel's language in projecting the fictional world. The study proposes a model of dual-world lexical reference to explain how reanalysed lexical forms place readers between the actual world and the world of the text when interpreting such forms. While syntax cannot be analysed using the same framework, the findings in the lexicon are extended to syntax to show that the two types of creativity are mutually reinforcing. Ultimately, readers construct the fictional world through negotiating meaning on both the lexical and the syntactic levels by means of the linguistic distinctiveness of the novel.

Les concepts de topos, graphè, éthos et pathos contribuent activement à marquer la singularité d’une œuvre poétique, en l’occurrence, dans le cadre de notre thèse, celle de Louis Aragon (1897- 1982).Aragon fut l’inspirateur de compositeurs et d’interprètes comme « Kosma, Douai, Ferré, Ferrat, Brassens, Claveau, Montand, Trenet, Béart, Morelli, Martin, Ogeret ». Il déclare même qu’il aime qu’on lise ses poèmes mais préfère qu’on les chante. Outre l’importance de la dimension visuelle, la composante sonore et rythmique s’avère elle aussi capitale dans la perception et la réception de la poésie d’Aragon. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons opté dans notre thèse pour une étude analytique sémiostylistique et lexico-sémantique de l’œuvre poétique aragonienne.La sémiostylistique est « l’étude du fonctionnement sémiotique du style d’un texte ». En nous inspirant des travaux de G. Molinié, nous avons tenté d’analyser le « conglomérat lexico-syntactico-rhétorico-thématique » qui caractérise la poésie aragonienne en tentant d’ « apprécier la littérarité » des « segments occurrents, et [de] détecter leur spécificité ». Cela nous a permis de poser la question des conditions de la littérarité, de sa mesure, de sa valeur à réception et donc de l’effet de l’art à travers des procédés d’unité ou, au contraire, de subversion
The concepts topos, graph, ethos and pathos actively contribute to highlight the singularity of a poetic work, such as that of Louis Aragon (1897-1982), the object of study of the present thesis. Aragon inspired many composers and singers such as "Kosma, Douai, Shoed, Ferrat, Brassens, Archstone, Montand, Trenet, Béart, Morelli, Martin, Ogeret".He even declares that he likes that his poems to be read but prefers are sung. Apart from the importance of the visual dimension, the sound and rhythmic components are also capital in the perception and the reception of the poetry of Aragon. This is why I opted in the present thesis for a semiostylistic and lexico-semantic analytical study of Aragon’s works of poetry. Semiostylistics is "the study of the semiotic operation of the style of a given text". Inspired by the works of G. Molinié, I tried to analyse the "conglomerate of lexico-syntactic, rhetorical and thematic characteristics" of Aragon’s poetry while trying "to appreciate the literariness" of the "occurring segments, and to detect their specificity" which enabled me to explore the conditions of the literary value, its measurement, its value at reception and, thus, the effect of art through the processes of unity or, on the contrary, subversion

En aquesta tesi estudiem els neologismes des de la perspectiva de la seva funció comunicativa. Més concretament, revisem els conceptes neologia denominativa i neologia estilística, que es corresponen amb la classificació més estesa per agrupar els neologismes d’acord amb la seva funció. Tanmateix, aquesta proposta ha rebut diverses crítiques tant en relació amb els trets utilitzats per caracteritzar tots dos tipus de neologismes, com la seva conceptualització com a categories oposades i l’exclusió o subordinació d’altres funcions dels neologismes. Per aquest motiu, el nostre objectiu consisteix a estudiar els conceptes utilitzats per caracteritzar els neologismes des del punt de vista de la seva funció, que inclou aspectes lingüístics i extralingüístics, és a dir, funcionals, sociolingüístics, discursius i pragmàtics. A partir d’aquí, dissenyem una proposta metodològica per identificar els neologismes amb valors prototípicament denominatius, estilístics, de tots dos tipus o no prototípics de cap d’aquests dos valors. Els resultats de l’anàlisi mostren que, per una banda, els criteris aïllats es complementen entre si per caracteritzar un conjunt de neologismes en relació amb la seva funció i, de l’altra, permeten observar que aquestes categories no es comporten de forma oposada ni són suficients per explicar aquest fenomen.
This PhD dissertation is devoted to the study of neologisms from the perspective of their communicative function. In particular, it reviews the concepts denominative neology and stylistic neology, which make up the classification most widely used to sort neologisms according to their function. However, this classification has received criticism regarding the features used to characterise both types of neologisms, their representation as opposing categories and the exclusion or subordination of other functions of neologisms. For this reason, our goal is to study the concepts used to characterise neologisms from the point of view of their function, which include linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects such as functional, sociolinguistic, discursive and pragmatic features. As a result, we have designed a methodological proposal in order to identify prototypical neologisms with either denominative or stylistic values, with both values, or with neither. The results of the analysis show that, on the one hand, the isolated criteria complement each other and they help to characterise a group of neologisms according to their function and, on the other hand, we can see that these two categories are not opposing and they are not enough to explain this phenomenon

Depuis plusieurs années, on assiste à la croissance exponentielle des cas de plagiat non seulement dans les arts, mais aussi dans la recherche scientifique. La réalité veut qu’en l’absence d’un spécialiste de la littérature dans les débats à la barre pour trier le bon grain de l’ivraie, le juge se trouve très souvent obligé de jouer le rôle du spécialiste à la fois du droit et de la littérature. C’est donc dans ce contexte particulier, que se situe ce travail de recherche. L’objectif est de partir de l’analyse de quatre biographies, de deux romans et de trois décisions de justice pour essayer de pallier les insuffisances d’une « approche juridique » de la littérature et proposer une grille d’analyse littéraire systématisée. Cette grille d’analyse résulte de la conjugaison de deux processus : l’analyse manuelle et celle assistée par ordinateur. En effet, avec pour cadre général l’analyse de l’œuvre intégrale, l’analyse manuelle se combine avec la textométrie. faite à l’aide de deux logiciels : TXM conçu par le laboratoire ICAR de l’ENS de Lyon et Hyperbase conçu par le Professeur Étienne Brunet de l’université de Nice. C’est à l’issue de toutes ces investigations que le spécialiste de la littérature devrait émettre un avis motivé dont le tribunal devrait se servir pour dire le droit et... rendre justice
For several years now, there has been an exponential growth in cases of plagiarism not only in the arts, but in scientific research as well. Reality warrants that in the absence of a specialist in literature in court to separate the gold from the dross, the judge is often compelled to play the rote of both a specialist in law and in literature. It is against this backdrop that this research work is inspired. The aim is to analyze four biographies, two novels and three court rulings in an attempt to address the shortcomings of “legal approach” to literature and propose a systematized literary analytical framework. This analytical framework is the result of combining two processes : the manual process and the computer-assisted one. As a matter of fact, against a general framework of analyzing the complete works, manual analysis is combined with textometry, carried out using two softwares: TXM designed by the iCAR laboratory of ENS Lyon and Hyperbase designed by Professor Etienne Brunet of Nice University. It is after all these investigations that the literature specialist may issue a reasoned opinion that the court may use to say what the law is and... mete out justice

The topic of this diploma thesis is a linguistic analysis of a defined part of the first volume of Jan František Beckovský´s baroque chronicle. The theoretical level approaches the life of the author, it summarizes his works and introduces the chronicle called Poselkyně starých příběhů českých I written in 1700 itself. The analysis deals with the phonological and lexical levels of the chronicle in several thematic wholes. Less attention was paid to the morphological and stylistic levels. The syntactic structure of the chronicle was not analysed there. The thesis aims at discussing the basic phonological features of the high Baroque style language and presenting the vocabulary specifics of a historiographical text.

碩士
長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士班
107
It is widely agreed that presidents, especially in the US, always maintain the complicated relationship with the press. President of the United State is viewed as the world’s most powerful political figure and the press from the world focuses very much on what President said and did. President Trump declared that “Trade Wars are good, and easy to win” (the New York Times, March 22, 2018) while China in her embassy statement said “China does not want a trade war but will not recoil from one” (CNBC, March 22, 2018). Central Bank Governor said, Taiwan could be biggest victim of US-China trade war since its steel and aluminum products relied heavily on both US and Chinese markets (Taiwan News, March 22, 2018). Thus, news article translation from English into Traditional Chinese about the US President Donald Trump often plays an essential role for readers in Taiwan. This paper thus collected news articles in Traditional Chinese from three widely read newspapers in Taiwan and analyzed by using approaches proposed by Conway (2015) to explore how news writers dealt with lexical and cultural concerns in this sensitive issue of trade war at this critical moment. With discourse analysis, in addition to translation techniques, media freedom and accountability is also discussed in the end of this paper.

This is a semantic study, dealing with style and technique in the short stories of D. B. Z. Ntuli. The study as a whole analyses Ntuli' s first six volumes of short stories. The first chapter is an introduction, dealing with the aim of the study. The second sub-section after aim is Ntuli's biographical notes. Full details of this author from high school attendance to his contribution during his working experience are given. Ntuli's biography is followed by the scope of study. Under this sub-heading, short story volumes to be analysed are clearly stated. The fourth sub-heading is the method of approach and a conclusion. Chapter two deals with various types of repetition, a literary technique. It analyses Ntuli's use of language, and repetition of sentences approaching it from different angles. Chapter three and four deal with choice of words. The former chapter handles the various types of language elements semantically and the latter deals specifically with the ideophone. The ideophone is sub-divided into two sub-sections: classification and usage. Chapter five deals with proverbial expressions and these are sub-divided into two sections: idioms and proverbs. The usage of idiomatic expressions is discussed under: verbs, nouns and qualificatives, while the proverbs are analysed under classification and syntax. Imagery is dealt with in chapter six. Imagery is further sub-divided into four categories: metaphor, simile, personification and symbolism. Style and structure are discussed in chapter seven. In this chapter various elements of language forms are handled: types of sentenceidiophonic; negative forms of the ideophone, with conjunctives; sentences with adverbs; the demonstratives; titles of short story volumes and naming of characters. Chapter eight is the general conclusion, reflecting on Ntuli's style and technique with special emphasis on his unique use of the language. Reference is made to discoveries regarding the author's use of vocabulary, and his techniques in using repetition as well as avoiding it, which is part of his style. His choice of words and how he arranges them on paper is also discussed. Ntuli's choice of titles in naming his short story volumes is summed up showing that these have been influenced by his background. The study concludes by suggesting areas that still require further analysis in Ntuli 's short stories.
African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

The central theme of the thesis is an in-depth translation criticism of the Austrian novel Die Liebhaberinnen by Elfriede Jelinek in the translation of Jitka Jílková. The criticism is based on the theoretical model of Katharina Reiss which is explored in her work Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Übersetzungskritik. This model is expanded by the role of the editor and translationese style. At the end of the thesis Jitka Jílková is briefly presented, the translation analysis is summarised and evaluated with regard to an interview with the translator about her work.

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of linguistic tools typical for French political discourse. The thesis is based on an analysis of selected political speeches of former French President Nicolas Sarkozy. It tries to capture how a change in a specific political situation of a particular author can affect communicative strategies, discursive practices, and then select the linguistic tools due to the addressee in a particular communicative situation and the communicative intention. The first part of the thesis is focused on the rhetoric and stylistics, which contribute to the typological definition of texts falling within the French political discourse. The second part is based on an analysis of three essential political speeches Nicolas Sarkozy.

The overall theme of this diploma thesis are homilies entitled to Saint Anna by two baroque homilists, who origin from various language backgrounds. This thesis is divided into two major sections. The first section includes general information about the important baroque preachers {--} with a focus on Bílovský and de Waldt. It also provides valuable information about the contemporary grammars. The first section of this thesis is primarily based on a proven literature theory. The second section of this thesis includes practical analysis of three specific homilies on the phonological and morphological levels. The analysis is based on the theme, style, and lexicon pages of content as well as the confrontation of their means of expression. The objective of this thesis is a comparison of the languages, shown by both preachers through phonology, morphology, and the judgment of a level to which spoken language extends into their language.