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Journal articles on the topic 'Lexical units'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Zhang, Ling, and Ping Lu. "Lexical Chunks Formulaic Sequences and Yukuai: Study of Terms and Definitions of English Multiword Units." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n1p74.

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According to the theory of mental lexicon, lexical chunks refer to the multiword units with chunking effects while being processed in utterences. Language acquisition studies hold that formulaic sequences undertake more pragramatic functions bearing more conceptual processing and cultural information. There are some overlaps in the two terms. In the SLA studies in China, researchers attempted to use the coined term Cikuai to be the substitute of these two literally-translated terms—Cihui Zukuai for lexical chunks in Chinese and Chengshi Yu for formulaic sequences in Chinese. This paper proposes that lexical chunks and formulaic sequences have respective linguistic and cognitive features, which direct L1 and L2 speakers to process lexico-semantic multiword units in discourse in different ways. They are the subordinate terms of multiword units in English. This paper claims that the present terms can refer to holistically processed multiword units due to their formulaic and chunking effects.The significant differences lie in their degree of compositionality and semantic productivity. The lexical chunks have higher compositionality and semantic transparency, whereas the formulaic sequences are dynamic lexico-semantic multiword units, which offer exemplars instead of chunks for the reconstruction of lexical items in certain discourses. With regard to the lexical features of meaning extension, recursion and creativeness, we figure out their working definitions and come to the conlusion that Yukuai is not a good terminology to cover all the features entailed in them.

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Shokirova, Mahbuba Nazirgulomovna. "Sports sphere lexical units." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 11 (2020): 1712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.01517.7.

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NabiyaIdrisovna, Abdullayeva, Artikova Mavjuda Maqsudovna, Sulaymonova Dilora Abduraxmonova, and Fattoyeva Zarina Raxmatovna. "Abilities to Express Lexical Units in Translation." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200107.

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Barbosa-Santillán, Liliana Ibeth, and Inmaculada Álvarez-de-Mon y-Rego. "Towards a Unified Sentiment Lexicon Based on Graphics Processing Units." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/429629.

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This paper presents an approach to create what we have called a Unified Sentiment Lexicon (USL). This approach aims at aligning, unifying, and expanding the set of sentiment lexicons which are available on the web in order to increase their robustness of coverage. One problem related to the task of the automatic unification of different scores of sentiment lexicons is that there are multiple lexical entries for which the classification of positive, negative, or neutral{P,N,Z}depends on the unit of measurement used in the annotation methodology of the source sentiment lexicon. Our USL approach computes the unified strength of polarity of each lexical entry based on the Pearson correlation coefficient which measures how correlated lexical entries are with a value between 1 and −1, where 1 indicates that the lexical entries are perfectly correlated, 0 indicates no correlation, and −1 means they are perfectly inversely correlated and so is the UnifiedMetrics procedure for CPU and GPU, respectively. Another problem is the high processing time required for computing all the lexical entries in the unification task. Thus, the USL approach computes a subset of lexical entries in each of the 1344 GPU cores and uses parallel processing in order to unify 155802 lexical entries. The results of the analysis conducted using the USL approach show that the USL has 95.430 lexical entries, out of which there are 35.201 considered to be positive, 22.029 negative, and 38.200 neutral. Finally, the runtime was 10 minutes for 95.430 lexical entries; this allows a reduction of the time computing for the UnifiedMetrics by 3 times.

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Shakhnazaryan, Vladimir Mikhailovich, and Irina Evgenievna Kazakova. "Translation peculiarities of national-cultural lexicon (on the example of territorial dialect of Spanish language in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo and New Zealand national version of English language)." Litera, no. 1 (January 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34870.

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The goal of this article is to determine the peculiarities of translation of national-cultural lexicon based on the analysis of Maisms (Mexican national lexical units of Spanish language in the state of Quintana Roo) and Maorisms (New Zealand national lexical units of English language). The article substantiates the need for knowing accuracies and specifics of formation and development of lexical units of national-cultural nature. Lexical units are examined in their historical evolution, as well as in modern synchronous context. Semantic meanings of the aforementioned terms are viewed through the prism of translation paradigm. The research material contains the survey of informants – residents of the indicated regions, as well as unilingual and bilingual academic dictionaries. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of specific characteristics of translation of the national-cultural lexicon on the example of two unrelated lexical national-cultural groups, as well as in analysis of the relevant lexical changes of linguistic units at the current stage of development of New Zealand version of English language and territorial dialect of Spanish language in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It is proven that lack of knowledgeability of translators in the field of lexical aspects of the national-cultural language leads to misperception and subsequent inaccurate interpretation of speech patterns, oral and written texts.

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Navruzova, Muyassar Gaybullaevna. "LEXICAL-SEMANTICAL FEATURES OF SOME MEDICAL LINGUISTIC UNITS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/12.

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Introduction. Medical linguistic units are considered to be non-separable parts of medical terminology. The study of medical euphemism as a medical linguistic unit is an urgent linguistic problem, since in recent decades the process of the formation of euphemisms has been proceeding with particular intensity. This is explained by the fact that at present one of the most important factors contributing to the formation of euphemisms and their consolidation in the language is their ability to be a powerful means of forming new social attitudes, and medical euphemisms are extremely widespread in socially significant spheres of medical speech activity.

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7

Khalilova, Laylo R. "SEMANTIC FEATURES OF GENDER LEXICAL UNITS OF ENGLISH." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 03, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-01-06.

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This article is about semantic features of gender lexical units in modern linguistics. In everyday speech, the word “gender” is associated with the biological and social differences between women and men. In addition, people might know that languages can have masculine and feminine words. It may seem that grammatical gender is a reflection of natural gender in grammar. We know that in everyday language, gender is not talked about, not even mentioned. In other words, it is not the type of information that is predicated of a referent. It is not often uttered such statements as: ‘she’s a woman’ or ‘my computer is a thing’. These sentences are perfectly grammatical of course, and they make sense, but they are not uttered. Or if they are gender nous such as ‘woman’ or ‘man’ are not used to convey information about gender but some implicature, often close to stereotype: ‘She spends a fortune on perfume. – Well, what do you expect, she’s a woman’. In texts we find such utterances as ‘She was an extraordinary woman’ (where the noun is preceded by an adjective) but not ’She was a woman’. In the first of these two clauses the noun ‘woman’ is only there to support the extra specification of the adjective (‘extraordinary’).

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8

Jongtaveesataporn, Markpong, Issara Thienlikit, Chai Wutiwiwatchai, and Sadaoki Furui. "Lexical units for Thai LVCSR." Speech Communication 51, no. 4 (April 2009): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2008.11.006.

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9

Djabarovna, Shirinova Nargiza. "Synonymous pairs of lexical units." ACADEMICIA: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no. 2 (2021): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.00436.5.

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Baxtiyarov, Muxtorjon Yakubovich. "COGNITIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF SEMANTIC CHANGES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF LEXICAL UNITS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH)." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-11-11.

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The aim of this article is to describe the cognitive and lexico-semantic features of semantic displacement in Uzbek and English with the examples of lexical units in both languages. As a source for comparison there were chosen the examples from lexical units which are mainly used in everyday life of both nations. While comparing the given material the main attention was paid to the chosen lexemes.

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Yerbulatova, Ilmira, and Talgat Salimov. "Culture-Marked Units of the Lexical-Semantic Field “Food”." Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology Series 129, no. 4 (2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-678x-2019-129-4-119-124.

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Iskandarova, Sharifa Madalievna, and Dilafruzkhon Shukhratovna Rakhmatullaeva. "Associative Relations Between Lexical Units Of The Uzbek Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 27, 2021): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue03-39.

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О., HOLUB. "RENDERING LEXICAL UNITS EXPRESSING PRECISION INFORMATION." South archive (philological sciences), no. 77 (March 25, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2019-77-14.

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14

Yurova, Tat’yana Aleksandrovna. "NEW LEXICAL UNITS IN THE MEDIA." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 12-1 (December 2018): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-12-1.43.

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15

Boas, Hans C. "The syntax–lexicon continuum in Construction Grammar." Framing 24 (December 10, 2010): 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.24.03boa.

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This paper offers an alternative analysis of Goldberg’s (1995) account of communication verbs appearing in the ditransitive construction. Based on a more finely-grained frame-semantic analysis of constructional phenomena, it is shown that generalizations over specific syntactic frames are possible at different levels of semantic abstraction. This, in turn, allows us to make across-the-board generalizations that hold not only between lexical units evoking the same frame, but also between lexical units belonging to different frames at different levels of abstraction. The resulting network of constructions combines Goldberg’s proposals regarding the status of abstract-schematic constructions with item-specific knowledge regarding the specific lexical units, with various midpoints in between. This approach has the advantage that there is no need for fusing lexical entries with abstract meaningful constructions, thereby avoiding some of the problems that arise due to the separation of syntax and the lexicon in some constructional approaches.

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Rudnicka, Ewa Katarzyna, Wojciech Witkowski, and Michał Kaliński. "Towards the Methodology for Extending Princeton WordNet." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 15 (December 31, 2015): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2015.023.

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Towards the Methodology for Extending Princeton WordNetThe paper presents the methodology and results of the first, pilot stage of the extension of Princeton WordNet, a huge electronic English language thesaurus and lexico-semantic network based on synsets, ie. sets of synonymous lexical units, or lemma sense pairs. The necessity for such extension arose in the course of mapping plWordNet (Polish WordNet — Słowosieć) onto Princeton WordNet, which produced a large number of inter-lingual hyponymy links signalling differences in the structure and lexical coverage of the two networks. The proposed strategy uses I-hyponymy links as pointers to presumed gaps in the lexical coverage of PrincetonWordNet and offers strategies of filling them in with new lexical units and synsets.

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Skorupska-Raczyńska, Elżbieta. "Zapożyczenia niemieckie w XIX-wiecznym Dykcjonarzu Michała Amszejewicza (przyczynek do badań nad słownictwem obcego pochodzenia w polszczyźnie)." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 20 (2020): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2020.20.20.

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Michał Amszejewicz in Dykcjonarz, which was a record of vocabulary of foreign origin used in the Polish language in the middle of the 19th century, recorded more than eight hundred lexical units (838 in 633 entries, which comprise 511 monosemes and 122 polysemes with two or more meanings) present in the lexis as a result of interference between the Polish and the German languages. Their functional allocation is diversified, with specialist lexis being dominant. Analysed vocabulary in the middle of the 19th century was functionally allocated to various areas of activity, firstly to crafts – 155 lexical units (18.5%), next to military and its organisation – 93 lexical units (11.1%), merchant’s profession and its specifics, commercial and financial aspects – 72 lexical units (8.6%). The remaining 518 lexical units (61.8%) are scattered in the lexicon of another several dozens of specialties, such as rafting, mining, metallurgy, forestry, meteorology, gardening, fine arts and others. Until the beginning of the 21st century, out of 838 analysed lexical units a diversified life cycle was preserved by 321 (38.3%), and 517 (61.7%) were transferred to linguistic archives of the Polish Language. In analysed vocabulary of German origin, actively used in the most recent Polish Language, biased lexis is dominant – in terms of terminology and style; less frequently these are words with a neutral character, regarded as basic vocabulary. Analysed Germanisms have also undergone semantic changes, i.e. specialisation, generalisation, metaphorisation and partial transformations. Germanisms in the Polish Language of the 19th century are a cultural and linguistic fact, which is characterised by certain specific conditions, also in terms of the time of their use and functionality, which has been emphasised on numerous occasions by their researcher – Bogusław Nowowiejski.

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Panjiev, N. P. "LEXICAL UNITS-ELEMENTS OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC GROUP OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." Theoretical & Applied Science 85, no. 05 (May 30, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.05.85.7.

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최준. "A Hierarchy of Korean Extended Lexical Units." EOMUNYEONGU 87, no. ll (March 2016): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17297/rsll.2016.87..002.

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20

Giroux, Ibrahima, and Arnaud Rey. "Lexical and Sublexical Units in Speech Perception." Cognitive Science 33, no. 2 (March 2009): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01012.x.

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21

Alimpieva, Larisa. "CLUSTERS OF PRINCIPLES OF LEXICAL UNITS CODIFICATION." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.193.14.

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The article presents the classification of principles of lexical units codification. For objective consideration the principles should be divided into two clusters:1) the realized/ being realized, and 2) the projected ones. Analysis of the principles of codification of lexical units in theoretical lexicographic literature and in dictionaries of different types has shown that the following principles should be included into the cluster of the realized/being realized principles: 1) universal; 2) palliative (peripheral); 3) accessory ones; and 4) principles of educational lexicography. The following principles can be included into the cluster of projected principles of codification of lexical units: 1) theoretical; 2) aspect; 3) practical ones: a) modernized, b) innovative principles. The projective principles are an open cluster which is filled as innovations in theory and practice of dictionary studies are developed. Verification of the suggested classification is possible in the course of further theoretical research.

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Popova, Olena. "“TRUMPISMS” – FROM OCCASIONAL TO USUAL LEXICAL UNITS." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-246-252.

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The article deals with the problem of occasional lexical units used by the 45th American President D.Trump in his political speeches, and their further possible progress to the status of usual words generally used in the American variant of the English language. Political discourse is taken as an object of the research due to its popularity, and the highest circulation in the modern democratic society that, with the help of its characteristics, guarantees maximum promulgation of the occasional words. It is stressed in the article that the study cannot be purely done in linguistic terms, as the very progress from occasional to the usual words covers the aspects of pedagogics, psychology, neuropsychology, neurodidactics. To trespass the borderline between occasional and usual, it is surely badly needed to be repeated scores of times – the task that is fully performed by the political and media discourses in concatenation - but still it alone is not enough. The newly created word should correspond not only to the communicative demands of a speaker-creator, but also with the views and beliefs of the audience. Thus, it catches declarative, procedural, semantic, and episodic / emotional memory of the addressee. Altogether, it should be of some significance as in the context of the information given by the politician, so from the prospective of the very addressee (his life values and experience). Dual Coding Theory involving the activity of verbal and non-verbal systems comes to the fore to explain the principles of successful memorization of occasional lexical units coming to life through political discourse.

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Abdurahmonov, Shavkatjon, and Nozima Abdulbokievna Kozokova. "EXPRESSION OF PRAGMATIC MEANING IN LEXICAL UNITS." Theoretical & Applied Science 100, no. 08 (August 30, 2021): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2021.08.100.37.

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Маммадова, Самира Джамал кызы. "Lexical units and in common Turkic mythology." Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета, серия «Филология и искусствоведение», no. 3(282) (March 2, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53598/2410-3489-2021-3-282-77-82.

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В статье проводится этимологический анализ лексических единиц шаман и кам , широко используемых в шаманизме. В ходе исследования анализируются всевозможные варианты и семантические дублеты этих лексических единиц в тюркских языках, изучается этимологическая история и ареал употребления данных слов. Излагаются языковые факты о родственной связи этих лексических единиц в тюркских языках. Установлено, что шаманизм не является религией, по утверждению автора на самом деле - это особая система мировоззрения древних народов. В рамках исследования были использованы историко-сравнительный, сравнительно-типологический методы лингвистики. Изложенные материалы в рамках исследования могут быть полезны для тюркологических и этимологических, в том числе для ностратических исследований. This article provides an etymological analysis of the lexical units “shaman” and “kam”, widely used in shamanism. In the course of the research, all kinds of variants and semantic doublets of these lexical units in the Turkic languages are analyzed, the etymological history and the area of use of these words are studied. The linguistic facts about the relationship of the lexical units “shaman” and “kam” in the Turkic languages are stated. It is noted that shamanism is not a religion. According to the author, shamanism is in fact a special worldview system of ancient peoples. Within the framework of the article, historical-comparative, comparative-typological methods of linguistics were used. The presented materials within the framework of this article can be useful for Turkic and etymological, including Nostratic, studies.

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Jumayeva, Mohira Shermamat Kizi. "LEXEME OF KOREAN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-21.

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The article examines the vocabulary of Korean legislation, its general features, lexical units with common features used in legislation, methodological features, functions, lexical units that differ in their place in the formation of an official text, including methodically lexical units, neutral units of general speech and formal Special units in the status of basic units that logically and semantically form the text, are considered on the example of articles from the basic law of the Korean language.

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Egbert, Jesse, Brent Burch, and Douglas Biber. "Lexical dispersion and corpus design." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.18010.egb.

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Abstract Lexical dispersion is typically measured across arbitrary corpus parts of equal size. In this study, we apply DA – a new dispersion index designed for unequal-sized corpus parts – to the British National Corpus (BNC) in a series of cases studies to show that the dispersion of a word is strongly influenced by the corpus units or parts it is measured across. Our results show that dispersion should be measured and interpreted based on corpus units that are linguistically meaningful for a particular research goal. We conclude with recommendations to help researchers select meaningful corpus units for measuring and interpreting lexical dispersion.

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Rakhimova, Zebiniso Sh. "ARGO AS A SOCIALLY LIMITED LEXICAL UNIT." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-28.

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This article discusses Argo as a socially limited lexical unit. The existence of language is related to the way people speak or write. In the process of performing these actions, the linguistic units (in the first place - the sentence) show the ability to express, in addition to the original meaning, such content as confirmation, command, warning, promise. These meanings are the result of the speech activity performed by the speaker. Thus, a speech act is a linguistic address of the speaker to the listener in a certain environment, for a specific purpose.

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Emanuele, Valerio. "Crocodiles, pallettari, limeurs and arrotini: The Cultural Charge of the Slang Terms of the Tennis Lexicon in French and Italian Sports Dictionaries." Verbum 13 (April 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.27.

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In this article, we undertake a contrastive analysis of some slang words and expressions of the tennis lexicon in French and Italian. Using the notion of "lexiculture", coined by Robert Galisson, we will adopt - on the basis of a corpus of dictionaries of sports and sports slang in both languages - a comparative approach, reviewing some "culturally charged" terminological entries relating to the French and Italian tennis lexicon. Through this approach, we aim not only to bring out the culture sedimented in the selected lexical units, but also to show how these cultural references — being often specific to the idiom and civilization in which these slang lexical units were forged — pose many difficulties when translating.

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Raso, Tommaso, and Saulo Santos. "Short information units." Journal of Speech Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 03–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v8i2.14994.

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Our main goal is to show that short information units (one phonological word immediately preceded and followed by a prosodic boundary, at least one of which with non-terminal value) can be classified only on the basis of their formal prosodic characteristics. That is to say that lexicon and syntax may vary with respect to the informational function, while what formally marks the informational function is the regularity of the prosodic profile of the lexical item. We also maintain that an information unit corresponds to an intonation unit (except in one specific circumstance). We use just one lexeme for the analysis, the Brazilian Portuguese ASSIM, and extract all the occurrences where this lexeme is found in a dedicated prosodic unit in the C-ORAL-BRASIL corpus. According to our analysis, this lexeme can fulfill at least five different information units, i.e. it can fulfill at least five different linguistic functions, recognizable by their prosodic regularities.

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Shentsova, I. V. "Cultural interaction of Turkic peoples in Siberia affirmed by their lexical data: Lexical set “Musical instruments”." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2020): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/72/14.

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The paper highlights the development of cultural ties between the Turkic peoples of Siberia using the analysis of musical instruments’ names. A fund of lexical units has been formed of the Khakas, Shor, Teleut, Altai, Tuva, Tofalar, Yakut terms. The research has resulted in the classification of the items into three parts: the first part of lexemes is represented in all languages under investigation, the second part belongs to a group of languages, and the third includes the units of a particular language. Overall, the names of musical instruments in the Siberian Turkic languages make up opposition to the Western and Southern Turkic, which have a considerable amount of Arabic and Persian musical terms. A few integrative lexemes in the Siberian Turkic are of Chinese origin. These lexemes date to the Old Turkic period. These items are common for the Siberian Turkic and the Western and Southern Turkic. The Siberian Turkic languages undergo differentiation into two main groups. The musical terms are much alike in Khakas, Shor, Teleut. The analogоus items unite Altai, Tuva, Tofalar. The Yakut vocabulary resembles Tuva in some ways. In the languages under analysis, the lexical set “Musical instruments” is not identical. Each language has acquired some special units. A few new terms have been made up in Khakas and Shor. A great number of specific lexemes have been made up in Yakut. Specific lexemes in Tuva have analogs in the Mongolian language. These lexemes refer to the terms of the Buddhist orchestra.

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Ammari, Rachid, and Lahbib Zenkouar. "Amazigh-Sys: Intelligent system for recognition of amazigh words." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i2.pp482-489.

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<span id="docs-internal-guid-0264fec3-7fff-a3e5-94ef-c25bcfddc65d"><span>Amazigh-sys is an intelligent morphological analysis system for Amazigh language based on xerox’s finite-state transducer (XFST). Our system can process simultaneously five lexical units. This paper begins with the development of Amazigh lexicon (AMAlex) for attested nouns, verbs, pronouns, prepositions, and adverbs and the characteristics relating to each lemma. A set of rules are added to define the inflectional behavior and morphosyntactic links of each entry as well as the relationship between the different lexical units. The use of finite-state technology ensures the bidirectionality of our system (analysis and generation). Amazigh-sys is the first general morphological analysis system for Amazigh based on xerox finite state able to process and recognize all lexical units and ensures a high recognition rate of input words. This contribution facilitates the implementation of other applications related to the automatic processing of the Amazigh language.</span></span>

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Rakisheva, Zhanagul, Aelita Sagiyeva, Assel Utegenova, and Bibigul Vasic. "Units of a person’s mental lexicon and the nature of connections between them." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v8i3.6405.

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In the modern world, the interest of the scientific world on the interdisciplinary basis of speech perception on the part of psychology and Philology has increased significantly. It should be noted that, despite the increasing role of the English language in Kazakhstan at the present time, this problem is probably the least developed. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of scientific research on the process of entering a foreign word into the system of internal lexicon of a student at the level of professional training. Methodology used: experimental (identification of the threshold of the "educational" lexical minimum) and comparative (comparison of associative fields of English words of the profile for students of the direction, in general 1500 lexical units) were used. From the results the data obtained allow us to identify the specifics of the entry of a foreign language word into the system of the student's internal lexicon at the professional level. Keywords: psycholinguistics, mental lexicon, internal dictionary, foreign language, connections

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Safarova, Umida Aliaskarovna. "LEXICO-PHRASEOL LEXICO-PHRASEOLOGICAL CON OGICAL CONTAMINATION IN MODERN TION IN MODERN FRENCH." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/1/6.

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Background. In the introductory part there is information about the methods of making antonyms in French, the phenomenon of lexical antonym in French phraseology, the semantics of antonymous phrases in French. Methods. In the methods section, there is a type of antonyms in French that are used instead of prefixes and reflect the fact that they reflect semantic features. Moreover, the specific features of lexical antonyms are qualitatively contrasted based on the level of character; the same situation is applied to the semantic meanings represented by lexico-phraseological units, the opposite meaning between two phraseological units, that is, the occurrence of the phenomenon of phraseological antonyms. Results. The result section also states that there is a phenomenon of lexical antonyms in phraseology, in which this phenomenon does not occur between two opposite phraseological units, but between two words with opposite meanings in the same phraseological unit. It is also said that in French phraseological units there are many antonymic components, and in the process of their analysis there are different cases. Discussion. In the discussion value, if the specific features of lexical antonyms are qualitatively contrasted based on the level of the character, then the development of phraseological antonyms is analyzed on the basis of identifying the contrasting characters.

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Просвиркина, Irina Prosvirkina, Колесова, and E. Kolesova. "The Space Category in Opus of D. Glukhovsky “Metro 2033”: Lexical Aspect." Modern Communication Studies 2, no. 6 (December 15, 2013): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1896.

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The paper is devoted to analysis of spatial lexical units in the novel of D.M. Glukhovsky “Metro 2033”. The lexical units which reveal the space in the text, in this case prosaic, have been classified and described by the authors. The lexical and cultural analysis of spatial lexical units related to one novel of literary project «Metro 2033» has been conducted in this study.

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Kossymova, G., and L. Akhmatkulova. "LEXICAL MEANING OF WORDS IN KAZAKH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 75, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-7804.12.

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The article examines the comparison of the lexical meaning of words common for the Kazakh and Uzbek languages. On the eve of the process of transition to Latin (of Kazakh language), it will be important to determine the scientific and methodological basis for the comparative study of related languages. It is important to study the nature of lexical units in neighboring Kazakh-Uzbek languages, the nature of spelling, lexical and grammatical features of the use of oral and written speech. In this work, the analysis of lexical units shows not only a description of individual categories, groups, but also the need to pay attention to the semantic structure of a word, the reasons and patterns of changes in lexical meanings. Revealing the scientific and theoretical foundations and methods of comparative study of lexical units in the Kazakh-Uzbek languages is given priority attention to the study of the historical roots of related languages, identifying similarities in lexical units, analyzing the sound and grammatical features of modern lexical units, determining the scientific and methodological basis of comparative learning. To reveal the topic of the article, the methods of narration, description, comparison, systematization, analysis, generalization, and conclusion are used.

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Trofimova, Nadezhda A., and Olga G. Shchitova. "Latest Borrowings in Russian Construction Terminology of the 21st Century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 470 (2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/470/6.

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The article deals with the latest foreign naming units for construction technologies within the construction terminology in modern Russian. The article aims to identify and analyze the latest foreign naming units in Russian construction terminology and to create a typology of these lexical units. The research objectives involve selecting the material, determining the sources and period of the borrowings, the semantics of the lexical units, and creating the typology of the borrowings. The material for the research is the latest foreign-language vocabulary of the construction sphere, borrowed into Russian from the 1990s till the present. The sources for the analysis are dictionaries of construction terminology, encyclopedias, textbooks, commercial catalogues, internet resources data both in Russian and foreign languages, as well as professional standards (GOSTs), scientific papers, etc. The linguistic comparative and contrastive methods serve as the methodological basis of the article. More than 210 naming units functioning in the scientific and internet discourse were selected for the analysis. The authors identified the following foreign lexical units denoting construction technologies that are not fixed either in the terminological dictionaries for construction or the Russian National Corpus: lexical, morphemic, syntactic, semantic (calques and semi-calques), and combined borrowings. The comparative analysis of the lexical units in Russian and in the source language is made, the definitional analysis of lexical units is presented, and the examples of functioning of these naming units in professional internet discourse are provided. The analysis has shown that more than 76% of the total number of the analyzed naming units were borrowed from English. Moreover, lexical borrowings are widely represented in the typology of the borrowings, among which the most numerous ones are transliterated and mixed lexical borrowings; structural derivational and syntactic calques, and semi-calques. Cases of word-forming affixes borrowing, i.e. morphemic borrowing, are found. Examples of foreign language inclusions denoting modern construction technologies as well as occasional examples of combined borrowing are also found. A case of lexical lacunarity among the newest lexical units of construction vocabulary is observed. The analysis data indicate an intensive penetration of foreign-language lexical units into the terminology of the sublanguage of construction. Although many of the analyzed names (about 62 %) are not yet fixed in terminological dictionaries, they widely occur in professional discourse and are fixed in standards and commercial catalogues.

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Nuraliyevna Rasulova, Nurkhon. "Classification Of Gastronomy Units." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue11-09.

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In this article, the units of gastronomy are classified. In the process of classification, attention is paid to the information about the dishes and foods of the Turkic peoples in M. Kashgari's "Devonu lug'otit turk". Gastronomy is an important part of the lexical richness of the peoples of the East, including the Uzbek people. It reflects the national qualities of the Uzbeks. Applying to gastronomic units is not only interesting but also very relevant in the study of the Uzbek language.

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Secanene, Bernardo Sipiali. "ANALYSIS OF THE ANGOLANISMS IN THE CONTEMPORARY DICTIONARY OF PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE." Diacrítica 32, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.451.

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In this paper, we present an analysis of the Angolanisms in the Contemporary Dictionary of Portuguese Language. The term ‘Angolanism’ is used to refer to all the lexical units used in the Portuguese Language, and belonging to the Bantu languages. We have applied a reverse search technique in order to collect the Angolanisms with the following tags: to extract the Umbundo units; for the units of the Quicongo language and for the Quimbundo units. The tag was used to identify the lexical units which do not belong to the chosen languages, despite their occurrence in the lexicon of the Portuguese spoken in Angola. The extraction of Angolanisms through these tags allowed us to group them according to their origin. Additionally, the presence of Angolanisms in the CDPL, in the most representative language was analyzed, as well as its causes and consequences. The provision of the entries into the named Dictionary and the possible negative connotations in their use have also been considered in our research.

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Telezhko, Irina V. "Features of translation of medical texts (using the example of German medical discourse)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 2, no. 6 (November 2021): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-21.214.

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The problem of the adequacy of the translation of the features of lexical units in German medical texts is considered. Difficulties of lexical and terminological plan are identified and analyzed: translation of terms, borrowings, abbreviations, false friends of the translator, borrowings, eponyms. Methods and techniques of translation of problematic medical lexical units, variants of interlanguage correspondences are presented. Examples of successful overcoming of lexical and terminological difficulties in translating medical texts from German into Russian are given. The results of the study confirm the need to expand the scope of the study of professional medical discourse by considering industry lexical units in the translation of medical texts.

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Bagmanova, S. V. "The Effective Ways of Remembering New Words." Язык и текст 3, no. 3 (2016): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030306.

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The article tells about the most effective ways of semantization, which help to use the lexical units in the speech more consciously. The most attention is paid to the analysis of the methods of semantization of the lexical units which can be done with translation and without translation and also to the ways of the classification of lexical units from the active part of vocabulary..

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Diachok, Natalia, and Artem Oblap. "PRINCIPLES OF COMPLINING OF DICTIONARY OF UNIVERBS (on the material of the game glossary)." Problems of General and Slavic Linguistics, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/251902.

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The paper is a practice to compile one of the parts of a dictionary of univerbs of the Russian language. Univerbal segment of lexicon of gamers, being cybergame players of Dota2, has determined object of the study. Subject of the study is declaring principles for lexicographic description of slangism univerbs. More and more active occurrence and functioning of univerbs in the context of different Russian-speaking slangism systems have stipulated the necessity to determine criteria to form lexical entry of each of the units under study. Objective of the study is to identify principles to form lexical entry of neological univerbs, to define its structure, and to generalize such basic characteristics of the units as unique and universal. Structural, descriptive, comparative, classificatory, and resumptive methods have been applied. Practical implication of the results may be used while studying neology of the Russian language. Conclusions. We believe that lexicographic description is the logic and required stage following the analytic studies of the units. They should be included in the corresponding dictionary type as a part of clearly structurized lexical entry demonstrating each unique and universal peculiarity of the units. Lexicographic description of univerbs relies upon a strict structure of lexical entry involving following structural elements: 1) univerb: а) ability to very, generic assignment, b) part-of-speech assignment, c) stylistic assignment; 2) its alternative word combination; 3) model of the word combination; 4) model of the univerb; 5) onomasiologic model where marker of onomasiologic basis coincides with the naming unit of lexical-semantic group; 6) lexical meaning of a univerb, being essentially more explanatory interpretation of alternative word combination; 7) univerbal type in terms of its origin; 8) qualification of a process of the univerb origination (according to a type, determined in p. 7); and 9) context of functioning of the univerb as well as identical word combination.

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Slobodyan, Olena. "Native Geographical Terminology in Ukrainian East Slobozhansk Dialects of Luhansk Region (general structural and semantic characteristics)." Linguistics, no. 1 (42) (2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2020-1-42-50-57.

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Geographical native lexicon is one of the fragments of linguistic worldview, which reflects both common and specific ideas in the folk’s perception of the environment. Features of the nationally biased units each person perceives and classifies individually, nevertheless there is a lot of common in their worldview. Thematic justification connected with geographical names led to the rich terminology in Slavic languages. For this reason, linguists are interested in above mention lexical units. Geographically native lexicon of the Ukrainian East-Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region has never been examined before. The work presents geographical native lexicon as target of linguistic research, underlines the theoretical significance of this lexicon considering its functions. There were studied the researches of other linguists in the field of name analysis in Slavic languages. Introductory paragraph includes the definition of purposes and tasks of scientific paper, methodological and methodical principals of the research. Moreover, it describes academic novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research and provides the classification of resources that were used in the process of study. The target and tasks defined the main methods of the research: descriptive and lingvo-geographical. Lingvo-geographical method included areal analysis and mapping based on identified dialect differences. The work contains the feature-by-feature comparison of linguistic units. There was determined the structure of thematic lexical groups that presents the geographical terms for relief denomination, geographical objects of relief, plants, water resources, landscape and its parts. The groups comprise the lexcio-semantic units that are not totally compatible in the quantity in case of demonstration the idiographic distinctiveness of the researched thematic group. In the result of semantic, etymologic and word-building analysis there were taken common dialects and specific geographical terms with their own meanings which have peculiar functions in Lugansk region dialect in comparison with Slavic languages, standard Ukrainian language and its dialects. Specific notions were mapped out to feature territorial peculiarities of thematic lexical groups in the Ukrainian East Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region. Collected dialect material allows study the zone of verbal contact, features of lexical units’ semantic development in this thematic group. It contributes to the enrichment of theoretical decryptions of semantic in dialect word and specific names in general linguistics.

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Kosem, Iztok, Simon Krek, and Polona Gantar. "Defining collocation for Slovenian lexical resources." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2020.2.1-27.

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In this paper, we define the notion of collocation for the purpose of its use in machine-readable language resources, which will be used in the creation of electronic dictionaries and language applications for Slovene. Based on theoretical and lexicographically-driven studies we define collocation as a lexical phenomenon, defined by three key aspects: statistical, syntactic, and semantic. We take lexicographic relevance as a point of departure for defining collocations within the typology of word combinations, as well as for distinguishing them from free combinations. Free combinations are (frequent) syntactically valid word combinations without lexicographic value and consequently there is no need for the description of their meaning, or syntactic role. Next, we distinguish collocations from all multiword lexical units (compounds, phraseological units and lexico-grammatical units) using the lexicographic view that multiword lexical units, whose meaning is not a sum of its parts, require a description of their meaning whereas collocations do not. In the final part, we return to the three aspects of collocation and their role in automatic extraction of collocational information from corpora. Semantic criterion or dictionary relevance of extracted collocations has particularly exposed the problem of semantically broad collocates such as certain types of adverbs, adjectives and verbs, and word which feature in different syntactic roles (e.g. pronouns and adjuncts). We discuss a particular issue of collocations related to proper names and the decisions about their inclusion into the dictionary based on the evaluation of lexicographers.

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Səməd qızı Səlimova, Nərgiz. "The concepts of "jargon" and "argo" in Azerbaijani lexicology." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/61-64.

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The common language unites the entire lexical composition of the national language, includes all its layers, from active vocabulary to passive, from common lexical units to words used in a particular environment, in the speech of a certain stratum or group of people. The latter include slang words. In Azerbaijani lexicology, there is no definite, well-established approach to jargon, since this layer of the language has not yet been studied. Jargonisms, like many other "-isms", are not commonly used, but they are part of the common language, are an integral part of the national language and require close attention, since they, being used in fictions, perform an important function of speech characteristics of heroes. Key words: jargon, argo, common language, literary language, lexical units

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Bogaards, Paul. "LEXICAL UNITS AND THE LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 23, no. 3 (September 2001): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263101003011.

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In this paper the concept of “lexical unit” as proposed by Cruse (1986) is introduced in the context of L2 vocabulary learning to replace the rather vague notion of “word.” In the first part of the paper, this concept is defined in terms of lexical semantics and then applied to the L2 learning task. The second part describes two experimental studies in which the learning of different types of lexical units is examined. In the first study, totally new lexical units are compared with multiword items that are made up of familiar forms. In the second experiment, different types of new senses of familiar forms are compared. Both studies underscore the importance of knowledge of form—but not of previously learned meaning—for the learning of new meanings for familiar forms.

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Nurullaev, Khasan Tukhtaevich, Mokhigul Normurodovna Abdirakhimova, and Olima Akhatovna Khalilova. "Comparative Analysis of Equivalence of Somatic Phraseological Units in German and Uzbek Languages." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v13i2.211147.

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This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of somatic phraseological units in German and Uzbek. Somatic phraseological units are part of a common group of phrases in German and Uzbek. Many languages have equivalents of somatic phraseological units, however, each part of the body is associated with certain characteristics: head with mind, heart with feelings, mouth and tongue with speech, hands with practical activity. The work contains about 1500 somatic phrases based on explanatory phraseological dictionaries and multilingual phraseographic sources of German and Uzbek languages, which are studied in terms of lexic, syntax and semantics. The work explores somatic expressions in both languages from a lexical, syntactic and semantic point of view. In the somatic phraseological units, the human body participates as a nuclear word, and they have cultural signs of a certain mentality. From the point of view of structural-semantic and structural-syntactic interactions, somatisms in German and Uzbek were studied in such categories as absolute equivalence, partial equivalence, zero equivalence. In this work, phraseological units corresponding to all lexical, morphological and syntactic criteria of equivalence are interpreted as absolute, having almost the same meaning in both languages, as well as small morphological-syntactic and lexical-semantic differences - as partially equivalent, without alternative equivalents or lexical options in comparable languages according to internal and external linguistic factors, as zero equivalents. The results of the study are presented in tables as statistical data.

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Orel, Anna. "LEXICAL UNITS REPRESENTING WORKING WOMEN IN VICTORIAN NOVELS." Advanced Education 6, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.122279.

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Volskaya, Yulia Aleksandrovna. "DATABASE OF LEXICAL UNITS DESCRIBING PAIN: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES." Philology and Culture 61, no. 3 (2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2074-0239-2020-61-3-18-23.

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Nikolaievskyi, O. "Method for Coding Semantic Information of Lexical Units." Advanced Science Journal 2014, no. 10 (September 15, 2014): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15550/asj.2014.10.068.

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Colé, Pascale, Juan Segui, and Marcus Taft. "Words and Morphemes as Units for Lexical Access." Journal of Memory and Language 37, no. 3 (October 1997): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1997.2523.

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