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1
Akhtar, Naeem. "C. H. Hanumantha Rao and Hans Linnemann (eds). Economic Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1996. 271 pages. Hardbound, Indian Rs 350.00; paperback, Indian Rs 195.00." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i3pp.300-303.
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The book under review is an edited collection of eight papers presented at a seminar on “Structural Adjustment and Poverty in India: Policy and Research Issues”, and is Volume 17 in the Indo-Dutch studies on Development Alternatives. The book evaluates the impact of economic reforms on poverty alleviation in India. In the “Introduction”, the editors describe the main theme of the book and propose some policy measures for poverty alleviation in the light of the findings of the papers included in the book. The paper, “Structural Adjustment in India—What about Poverty Alleviation?”, by Pieter A. van Stuijvenberg, evaluates the impact of India’s Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on the poor and suggests some policy corrections to mitigate the adverse effects of this adjustment on the poor. He observes an improvement in the balance-of-payments position and foreign exchange reserves without a simultaneous fall in gross domestic product under the SAP. His major concerns are the large size and composition of fiscal deficits (dominated by revenue deficits). The large size of fiscal deficits, according to van Stuijvenberg, drive up real interest rates and endanger investment-led growth. He observes that social indicators of the social safety net, employment, and rural development programmes have not improved much due to expenditure cuts on rural infrastructural investments. He suggests a reduction in the size and composition of the public sector, elimination of all explicit and implicit subsidies, and discouraging rent-seeking behaviour for a successful implementation of economic reforms.
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Visscher, C. A., D. De Zeeuw, G. Navis, A. K. Van Zanten, P. E. De Jong, and R. M. Huisman. "Renal 131I-hippurate clearance overestimates true renal blood flow in the instrumented conscious dog." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): F269—F274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.2.f269.
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We evaluated renal 131I-hippurate clearance (ERPFhip) as a measure of renal blood flow (RBF) in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. When adjusted for renal hippurate extraction (Ehip, 0.77 +/- 0.01) and hematocrit (Hct, 39.7 +/- 1%), calculated RBFhip (656 +/- 37 ml/min) markedly exceeded renal blood flow measured with renal artery blood flow probes (RBFprobe, 433 +/- 27 ml/min). The discrepancy could not be explained by flow probe calibration, because in vivo comparison of flow probe values with renal venous outflow showed only a slight underestimation of renal blood flow (slope 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.89-0.97). Redistribution of hippurate from erythrocytes into renal venous plasma during or shortly after blood sampling led to an underestimation of Ehip by 4 +/- 1% and thus could only explain a small part of the difference. Extrarenal hippurate clearance was excluded, because the amount of 131I-hippurate cleared from plasma equaled that appearing in the urine (303 +/- 17 and 307 +/- 17 ml/min). Applying these corrections, we found that RBFhip still exceeded RBFprobe by 37 +/- 3%. These data indicate that renal blood flow measured by the hippurate clearance technique markedly overestimates true renal blood flow. Because other errors were excluded, a combination of sampling of nonrenal blood and intrarenal hippurate extraction from erythrocytes might play a role.
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Luque Cortella, Ana, and María Teresa Mories Jiménez. "Análisis comparativo de las últimas Reformas Fiscales operadas en España y en Honduras." La Revista de Derecho 38 (May 18, 2018): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v38i0.5817.
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El presente artículo tiene por objeto: por un lado, analizar la última reforma fiscal operada en España, con especial atención a las modificaciones introducidas por la Ley 34/2015, de 21 de septiembre, de modificación parcial de la Ley 58/2003, de 17 de diciembre, General tributaria3; y por otro, realizar un resumen comparativo con la llevada a cabo en Honduras tras la reciente aprobación del Código Tributario. Se pretende con ello extraer algunas conclusiones que puedan contribuir a la configuración de un sistema tributario más justo y equitativo que permita, a la par, una recaudación más eficiente, pero sin que ello redunde en una merma de la seguridad jurídica y de los derechos y garantías que deben asistir a los contribuyentes en el marco de la relación jurídico-tributaria. 3 B.O.E. núm. 302, de 18 de diciembre de 2003.
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Qiao-Ling, Peng, Hao Li-Min, Zhang Li-Ming, Cao Jie, and Yang Yong-Wu. "High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Method for Quality Evaluation of Maca (Lepidium meyenii), A Functional Food." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 17, no. 3 (April 8, 2018): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:306-311.
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Health benefits associated with consumption of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been associated with relative preponderance of different aromatic glucosinolate levels. This has, therefore, led to a need for reliable method for analysis of different maca preparations. To this end, an HPLC method with high precision, reproducibility and test stability has been developed that is capable of distinguishing quality of different maca sample based on abundance of different glucosinolates. The method uses the analyses of similarity and hierarchical clustering to evaluate similarity among different maca samples. The results indicated that the combination of three aromatic glucosinolates (glucosinalbin, glucotropaeolin, and glucolimnanthin) could be used as chemotaxonomic markers for accurate recognition and quality evaluation of different maca samples.
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Yang, Vicky K., Albert K. Tai, Terry P. Huh, Dawn M. Meola, Christine M. Juhr, Nicholas A. Robinson, and Andrew M. Hoffman. "Dysregulation of valvular interstitial cell let-7c, miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-30d in naturally occurring canine myxomatous mitral valve disease." PLOS ONE 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): e0188617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188617.
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Halimi, Serge, Javier Escalada, Peter Senior, Mireille Bonnemaire, Anna Cali, Soazig Chevalier, Janaka Karalliedde, and Robert Ritzel. "Bénéfices sur l’équilibre glycémique et les hypoglycémies de l’extension d’utilisation de l’insuline Glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) aux patients diabétiques de type 2 (DT2) en insuffisance rénale légère à modérée." Diabetes & Metabolism 43, no. 2 (March 2017): A111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(17)30426-3.
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UCHIDA, Hiroaki, and Takuya KAMEYAMA. "304 Angular sensorless walking control in partial leg links of a six-legged robot by LQG control." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2010 (2010): _304–1_—_304–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2010._304-1_.
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Imaizumi, Vitor Massami, Luciana Trevisan Brunelli, Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori, and Waldemar Gastoni Venturini Filho. "ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E ENERGÉTICA DE ÁGUA DE COCO IN NATURA E INDUSTRIALIZADA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 31, no. 3 (December 30, 2016): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2016v31n3p298-304.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar físico-quimicamente águas de coco in natura e industrializadas comercializadas em território brasileiro e determinar o valor energético das bebidas industrializadas, para compará-los com os declarados nos rótulos dos produtos. Foram realizadas análises de açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares redutores totais (ART), açúcares não redutores (ANR), sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, Ratio (SS/AT) e turbidez. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas foram comparados com os do Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade da água de coco. O valor calórico das bebidas foi calculado a partir da sua composição centesimal. As águas de coco industrializadas apresentaram maiores teores de SS, AR, ART, ANR e turbidez, e menor de pH, em relação às bebidas in natura. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as bebidas nos resultados de Ratio, cinzas e AT. Das 17 marcas analisadas, duas estão com seus valores de pH em desacordo com o estabelecido pela lei brasileira e apenas uma revelou inconformidade entre as informações de seu rótulo e os resultados das análises energéticas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cocus nucifera L., bebida não alcoólica, análise físico-química, valor calórico, padrão de identidade e qualidade. PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC ANALISYS OF FRESH AND INDUSTRIALIZED COCONUT WATERABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to physicochemically characterize fresh and industrialized coconut water sold in Brazil and determine the energy values of industrialized beverages, to compare them with the information on product labels. Analysis of reducing sugar (RS), total reducing sugars (TRS), not reducing sugars (NRS), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, ratio (SS/TA) and turbidity were made. The results of physicochemical analyzes were compared with the Identity and Quality Standard of coconut water. The calorie content of the drinks was calculated from its chemical composition. The industrialized coconut water had higher values for soluble solids contents, RS, TRS, NRS and turbidity, and lower levels in pH, for fresh beverages. There was no significant difference in the results of ratio analysis, ash and TA. From 17 brands analyzed, two have their pH values in disagreement with the established by Brazilian law and only one revealed disagreement between label information and the results of the proximate analysis.KEYWORDS: Cocus nucifera L., non-alcoholic beverage, physicochemical analysis, caloric value, identity and quality standard.
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Guo, Xinyue, Shuangshuang Li, and Yang Guo. "Experimental Demonstration of Special-Shaped 32-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Constellations for Visible Light Communications." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (June 20, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7252795.
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With the rapid development of light-emitting diode, visible light communication (VLC) has become a candidate technology for the next generation of high-speed indoor wireless communication. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the 32-quadrature amplitude modulation (32-QAM) constellation shaping schemes for the first time, where two special circular constellations, named Circular (4, 11, 17) and Circular (1, 5, 11, 15), and a triangular constellation are proposed based on the Shannon’s criterion. Theoretical analysis indicates that the triangular constellation scheme has the largest minimum Euclidian distance while the Circular (4, 11, 17) scheme achieves the lowest peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Experimental results show that the bit error rate performance is finally decided by the value of PAPR in the VLC system due to the serious nonlinearity of the LED, where the Circular (4, 11, 17) scheme always performs best under the 7% preforward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10−3 with 62.5Mb/s transmission data rate and 1-meter transmission distance.
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Cheung, Roy, Andrew Smith, and Del Wong. "H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0045-1.
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H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports PlayersOne of the key components in sports injury prevention is the identification of imbalances in leg muscle strength. However, different leg muscle characteristics may occur in large playing area (field) sports and small playing area (court) sports, which should be considered in regular injury prevention assessment. This study examined the isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio and bilateral leg strength balance in 40 male college (age: 23.4 ±2.5 yrs) team sport players (field sport=23, soccer players; court sport=17, volleyball and basketball players). Five repetitions of maximal knee concentric flexion and concentric extension were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer at two speeds (slow: 60°·s-1and fast: 300°·s-1) with 3 minutes rest between tests. Both legs were measured in counterbalanced order with the dominant leg being determined as the leg used to kick a ball. The highest concentric peak torque values (Nm) of the hamstrings and quadriceps of each leg were analyzed after body mass normalization (Nm·kg-1). Court sport players showed significantly weaker dominant leg hamstrings muscles at both contraction speeds (P < 0.05). The H:Q ratio was significantly larger in field players in their dominant leg at 60°·s-1(P < 0.001), and their non-dominant leg at 300°·s-1(P < 0.001) respectively. Sport-specific leg muscle strength was evident in college players from field and court sports. These results suggest the need for different muscle strength training and rehabilitation protocols for college players according to the musculature requirements in their respective sports.
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Edwards, P. G., G. A. Moellenbrock, S. C. Unwin, A. E. Wehrle, and T. C. Weekes. "Markarian 421: Te V Gamma-ray Flares and VLBI Structure." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 164 (1998): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100044456.
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AbstractPhotons spanning over 17 decades in energy have been detected from Markarian 421. The discovery of >100 MeV photons by the EGRET instrument on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory led to the discovery of >300 GeV photons by the Whipple group using the air Čerenkov method. In May 1996 the source underwent an unprecedented outburst at these energies, inspiring observations with the VLBA to determine whether such high energy flares are associated with changes in the milliarcsecond structure of this BL Lac object.
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Folprecht, Gunnar, Eric Van Cutsem, Carsten Bokemeyer, Michael Schlichting, Steffen Heeger, and Claus-Henning Kohne. "First-line chemotherapy plus cetuximab in patients grouped according to prognostic risk factors: Analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 3591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.3591.
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3591 Background: Analysis of randomized trials has shown that mCRC patients (pts) can be divided into prognostic risk groups according to baseline clinical parameters including ECOG performance status, white blood cell count (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and number of metastatic (met) sites (Köhne C, et al. Ann Oncol 2002;13:308-17). The effect of adding cetuximab to first-line chemotherapy (CT) on overall survival (OS) in these groups of KRAS wild-type mCRC pts was investigated in the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies. Methods: Pt risk groups were: low-risk (LRG= ECOG 0/1, 1 met site) intermediate-risk (IRG= ECOG <1, >1 met site, ALP <300 U/L or, ECOG>1, low WBC, 1 met site) and high-risk (HRG= ECOG<1, >1 met site, ALP>300 U/L or ECOG>1, high WBC, or ECOG>1, low WBC and >2 met sites). Exploratory analyses comprised estimates of effects using Cox‘s proportional hazards model for OS on individual pt data and comparison of treatment arms by log-rank test. Results: Data are shown in the table. In the pooled analyses, in both treatment arms OS was longest in LRG pts and shortest in HRG pts. Adding cetuximab to CT led to marked improvements in OS in the HRG (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.765, 95% CI 0.506–1.157, p=0.203) and IRG (HR 0.781, 95% CI 0.622–0.981, p=0.033), while improvements in LRG pts (HR 0.869, 95% CI 0.672–1.124, p=0.287) were observed only after prolonged follow up. Data were similar in the separate CRYSTAL and OPUS studies. Conclusions: The analysis confirms the concept of prognostic risk groups for OS according to baseline clinical parameters in pts with KRAS wt mCRC. Benefit from the addition of cetuximab to first-line CT in terms of OS appears to be more pronounced in the IRG and HRG. [Table: see text]
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Kleczek, K., K. Wawro, E. Wilkiewicz-Wawro, and W. Makowski. "Weight of selected muscles as an indicator of the lean meat and fat content of broiler carcasses (Short Communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 2 (October 10, 2010): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-225-2010.
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Abstract. The objective of this study was to test whether the weight of selected arm and leg muscles and breast muscles may be used as an indicator of the content of lean meat and skin, including subcutaneous and abdominal fat, in the carcasses of broiler chickens. The experimental materials comprised 40 Ross 308 chicks aged 42 days (sex ratio 1 : 1). A total of 17 muscles were dissected from the right wing and the right leg. The right and left breast muscles were also dissected. Coefficients of simple correlation between the weight of individual muscles and selected slaughter quality parameters were calculated. The highest correlation was found between the lean meat content of a carcass and the weight of the right and left breast muscles (r=0.81 and 0.82 respectively), m. gastrocnemius mediale (r=0.81) and m. peroneus superficialis (r=0.73). The prediction of the weight of skin and fat in the carcasses of broilers based on the weight of single muscles may be unreliable due to low and non-significant values of correlation coefficients (r from 0.04 to 0.29). The weight of this tissue component was significantly correlated (r=0.42) with breast muscle weight only.
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Tremblay, Marc. "Les origines régionales ancestrales au Québec." Articles 43, no. 1 (June 4, 2014): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025493ar.
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Cette étude présente une mesure de l’enracinement territorial et de la diversité des origines régionales ancestrales dans la population du Québec. Les données proviennent d’un ensemble de 5 100 généalogies ascendantes, soit 300 généalogies pour chacune des 17 régions de la province. Ces généalogies ont été construites à l’aide des données du fichier BALSAC, qui contient des informations sur la population québécoise remontant au début du 17e siècle. L’observation des lieux de mariage des ancêtres a permis d’établir une mesure de l’ancienneté régionale des individus, qui s’exprime en nombre de générations. La part occupée par chaque région dans l’ensemble des lieux de mariages des ancêtres a fourni une mesure de la diversité des origines ancestrales individuelles. Les résultats ont montré une variabilité importante dans les profondeurs et les origines régionales ancestrales. Les profondeurs moyennes varient de moins d’une génération à plus de cinq générations d’ancêtres mariés dans la même région. Les contributions régionales ont fait ressortir l’importance de la proximité géographique, mais aussi celle de l’ancienneté des zones de peuplement. Ces résultats tracent un portrait de la migration interrégionale intergénérationnelle résultante au Québec depuis le 17e siècle.
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Cyr, Claude. "LES INTOXICATIONS SÉVÈRES À L’ALCOOL CHEZ LES JEUNES." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e1-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.001.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Chez les adolescents, une visite à l’urgence reliée à l’alcool est un facteur prédictif important de problèmes continus de consommation. OBJECTIVES Décrire le type de présentation, les caractéristiques cliniques et la prise en charge des jeunes intoxiqués à l’alcool admis aux urgences. DESIGN/METHODS Étude rétrospective descriptive des jeunes (12 à 24 ans) admis aux urgences du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) en raison d’une intoxication à l’alcool entre janvier 2012 et janvier 2017. RESULTS Sur un total de 855 admissions, 56% étaient des garçons. Un hospitalisation de plus de 24 heures a été nécessaire pour 77 jeunes (9%) et 44 ont nécessité une ventilation méchanique (5%). L’âge moyen était de 19,7 ans, 167 (20%) avait entre 12 et 17 ans. Le taux d’éthanolémie moyen était de 208.8 mg/dl, 55 (6) avec des taux de plus de 300 mg/dl. Une altération de l’état de conscience a été documentée dans 68% des cas avec 23% des patients présentant une menace potentielle pour la vie. Des pics de consultation étaient présents aux semaines 35 (rentrée universitaire) et 44 (Halloween). L’utilisation d’alcool fort a été identifié dans 74% des cas. Seulement 29% avait consommé une autre substance psychotrope. La co-intoxication la plus fréquente étant le cannabis (n=119,14%). Des complications ont été identifié dans 57% des admissions dont 195 (23%) traumatismes, 85 (10%) bagarres, 22 (3%) blessures auto-infligées, 10 (1%) abus sexuelles. Seulement 52% des patients ont reçu un councelling lors de leur séjour à l’urgence. CONCLUSION Les intoxications aigues à l’alcool chez les jeunes sont fréquentes et sévères. Ce projet permettra de dégager des pistes préventives au sein de la communauté sherbrookoise.
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Charbonnel, Bernard, Riccardo Bonadonna, Jean-François Yale, Claire Brulle-Wohlhueter, Emmanuelle Boëlle-Le Corfec, Pratik Choudhary, and Timothy Bailey. "Hypoglycémies en fonction de l’HbA 1c au cours du diabète de type 2 (DT2) chez des patients traités par insuline Glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) : méta-analyse sur les données patients de EDITION 1, 2 et 3." Diabetes & Metabolism 43, no. 2 (March 2017): A62—A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(17)30281-1.
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Riches, Hugh. "The Viking Field, Blocks 49/12a, 49/16, 49/17, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20, no. 1 (2003): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2003.021.01.73.
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AbstractFirst production from the Viking Fields began in 1972 and at its peak a total of 13 platforms produced at rates up to 950 MMSCF/D from 20 wells. This supplied around 10% of the United Kingdom's natural gas requirements, 27 years on, that rate had declined to approximately 40 MMSCF/D. However following an extremely successful infield drilling programme in the mid 1990s, significant volumes of new gas have been discovered and new technology has facilitated the development of accumulations previously considered non-commercial. This has led to three new developments within the Viking area: the Vampire Field on the eastern margin; Kx to the south of the Philips' Alison Field; and four previously non-producing fields, captured within the Phoenix Development.The major change since Morgan (1991) has primarily been the re-negotiation of the gas sales contract and the removal of the Gas Levy in 1992. This provided favourable marketing conditions for the development of additional Viking gas production and initiated an appraisal programme for remaining reserves. This programme, which will be the focus of this paper, began with the acquisition of a 3D seismic survey in 1993 and has concluded in the development of the Viking Extensions in 1998, now known as the Phoenix Development.The Leman Sandstone Formation forms the reservoir and consists of aeolian and fluvial sandstones, which are interbedded in the north of the area with silty shales deposited within a sabkha environment. Hydrocarbons were sourced from the underlying Carboniferous Westphahan coals and carbonaceous shales, and migration into the Rotliegendes Group probably occurred during the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary.The average daily production from the original Viking A and B fields and associated satellites had declined to 196 MMSCF/D by March 1989, peaking to over 300 MMSCF/D with seasonal demand. By October 1999, this had further reduced to around 40 MMSCF/D. Production from the Phoenix wells is currently at around 290 MMSCF/D, with further development wells planned. Cumulative production to date is approximately 2880 BCF.
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Jenkins, Paul, Arya Minaie, Jaime Bauerlein, David Piskulic, Tim Kirn, Meghan Merklein, and Jeffrey J. Nepple. "RETURN TO PLAY ASSESSMENTS: RATES OF NEUROMUSCULAR ASYMMETRIES IN HEALTHY ADOLESCENT ATHLETES." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00266.
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Background: Return to play (RTP) assessments after ACL reconstruction attempt to identify patients with residual deficits that haven’t regained their preinjury function, in hopes of decreasing the high rate of reinjury in this population. However, the utility of common RTP assessments, including hop testing and Biodex isokinetic strength, remains to be better understood. In the adolescent population, RTP assessments commonly rely upon those used in adults with limited evidence. The purpose of the current study was to establish the performance of young healthy athletes on common RTP assessments. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 47 healthy athletes aged 12 to 16 years was performed. All athletes performed hop testing (4 components - single, triple, crossover and timed) and Biodex isokinetic strength (6 components - quadriceps and hamstring; 60, 180, 300 degrees/second). The results were compared to the contralateral leg with a deficit defined as greater than 10% less relative to the contralateral leg. Patient demographics including age, sex, BMI, and sport played, as well as the dominant and nondominant leg were recorded. Analysis was performed relative to a single extremity (total 94) to simulate the evaluation in the setting of ACL return to play. Results: A total of 17 males and 30 females were included, with 27 being 12-13 yo and 20 being 14-16 yo. Overall, at least one deficit was present in 61.7% of extremities. This was significantly more common in non-dominant (76.6%) than dominant (46.8%) extremities (p<0.001). Biodex isokinetic strength deficits were present in 55.3% of extremities, while hop testing deficits were present in 24.5% of extremities. A total of 17 extremities had deficits in both Biodex and hop testing, while 35 had isolated biodex deficits and 6 had isolated hop testing deficits. Biodex deficits were present for quadriceps strength in 18.1%, 7.4%, and 17.0% at 60, 180, and 300 degrees respectively, while deficits in hamstring strength were present in 27.7%, 11.7%, and 17.0% at 60, 180, and 300 degrees respectively. Hop testing deficits were present in 7.4% of single hop, 9.6% of triple hop, 9.6% of crossover hop, and 6.4% of timed hop testing. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that asymmetries in strength and hop testing are common in adolescent healthy athletes. These deficits are more common for Biodex isokinetic strength testing than functional hop testing. Deficits are more likely to occur in the nondominant extremity.
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Bain, Michael A., George J. Koullias, Keith Morse, Santina Wendling, and Michael L. Sabolinski. "Type I collagen matrix plus polyhexamethylene biguanide antimicrobial for the treatment of cutaneous wounds." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 9, no. 10 (July 2020): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0058.
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Aim: Determine the effectiveness of purified native type I collagen matrix plus polyhexamethylene biguanide antimicrobial (PCMP) on cutaneous wounds. Materials & methods: A prospective cohort study of 307 patients (67 venous leg ulcers, 62 diabetic foot ulcers, 45 pressure ulcers, 54 post-surgical wounds and 79 other wounds) was conducted. Results: Cox wound closure for PCMP was 73% at week 32. The median time to wound closure was 17 weeks (Kaplan–Meier). The incidence of PCMP-treated wounds showing >60% reductions in areas, depths and volumes were 81, 71 and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: PCMP demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits to patients with various types of cutaneous wounds. Clinical Trial registration number: NCT03286452.
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Credeur, Daniel P., Seth W. Holwerda, Robert M. Restaino, Phillip M. King, Kiera L. Crutcher, M. Harold Laughlin, Jaume Padilla, and Paul J. Fadel. "Characterizing rapid-onset vasodilation to single muscle contractions in the human leg." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00785.2014.
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Rapid-onset vasodilation (ROV) following single muscle contractions has been examined in the forearm of humans, but has not yet been characterized in the leg. Given known vascular differences between the arm and leg, we sought to characterize ROV following single muscle contractions in the leg. Sixteen healthy men performed random ordered single contractions at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using isometric knee extension made with the leg above and below heart level, and these were compared with single isometric contractions of the forearm (handgrip). Single thigh cuff compressions (300 mmHg) were utilized to estimate the mechanical contribution to leg ROV. Continuous blood flow was determined by duplex-Doppler ultrasound and blood pressure via finger photoplethysmography (Finometer). Single isometric knee extensor contractions produced intensity-dependent increases in peak leg vascular conductance that were significantly greater than the forearm in both the above- and below-heart level positions (e.g., above heart level: leg 20% MVC, +138 ± 28% vs. arm 20% MVC, +89 ± 17%; P < 0.05). Thigh cuff compressions also produced a significant hyperemic response, but these were brief and smaller in magnitude compared with single isometric contractions in the leg. Collectively, these data demonstrate the presence of a rapid and robust vasodilation to single muscle contractions in the leg that is largely independent of mechanical factors, thus establishing the leg as a viable model to study ROV in humans.
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Gulyas, H., D. Bockelmann, L. Hemmerling, D. Bahnemann, and I. Sekoulov. "Treatment of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds in Oil Reclaiming Wastewater by Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide and UV/Titanium Dioxide." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0460.
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Refractory organic compounds in samples of a biologically treated oil reclaiming wastewater with a COD of about 300 mg/l were removed by ozonation with or without hydrogen peroxide or by irradiation with UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide in laboratory scale batch experiments. A 5 hrs UV/TiO2 treatment at pH 3 (energy consumption: about 0.9 kWh/l) resulted in a COD elimination of 70% and an enhanced biodegradability of the organic wastewater constituents. Ozonation was hardly affected by hydrogen peroxide, and a treatment for 47 min (energy consumption about 0.005 kWh/l) led to a COD reduction of about 17% and also to an improved biodegradability. Both processes are suitable for further treatment of biologically oxidized oil reclaiming wastewaters.
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Silva, José Douglas dos Santos Siqueira, and Régia Lúcia Lopes. "Análise dos manuais e cartilhas para implantação de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil em canteiro de obras no Brasil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): e16591210913. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10913.
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Existem no Brasil vários instrumentos (manuais e cartilhas) que apresentam diretrizes para o gerenciamento dos resíduos de construção civil e que foram construídos com base na Resolução CONAMA n° 307/2002. Todavia, a maioria dos arquivos que estão disponíveis publicamente, foram produzidos anteriormente à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei n. 12.305/2010). Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar manuais e cartilhas disponíveis eletronicamente sobre o planejamento e a implantação do gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil nos canteiros de obras Brasileiros. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na avaliação do design da obra levando-se em conta 5 categorias (objetivo, organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e motivação) subdivididos por 17 itens (classificados através de uma escala Likert) e da avaliação de conteúdo (teórico e prático), identificando nas publicações a presença dos itens de acordo com as diretrizes da Lei nº 12.305/2010, Resolução n° 307/2002 do CONAMA, normas técnicas, livros e artigos científicos. Os resultados mostraram que, com relação ao design, de forma geral, todos os materiais analisados estão bem apresentados, classificando-se como bom ou muito bom, porém com relação ao conteúdo nenhum dos materiais apresenta todos os itens previstos nas legislações atuais. Por estarem à disposição pública e poderem ser utilizados como base para planejamento e implantação do GRCC, os materiais anteriores à Lei requerem atualização e, os posteriores, uma revisão para inserir os conteúdos não mencionados. Desta forma, os resultados deste estudo poderão auxiliar aos autores e editoras neste processo, sendo aqui apontados cada item que consta e não consta nos respectivos materiais.
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Gardner, Thomas A., Jack Thygesen, John Cox, Steven M. Westphal, Mark A. Green, Mark Tann, and James W. Fletcher. "Quantifying the potential of C-11 acetate PET scanning in avanced prostate cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.300.
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300 Background: Detection of advanced prostate cancer has historically relied on radionuclide bone scanning and cross-sectional imaging with varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity based on the clinical scenario. In the current era, use of NaF and Choline based whole body scans have led to increased detection, but access to these scan can be limited and expense can be prohibitive. Similar to choline based scanning, acetate is metabolically active in cancer, including prostate. Methods: Fifty-six men previously diagnosed with prostate cancer with PSA recurrences after some failed primary treatment, have undergone whole body C-11 Acetate PET scans at Indiana University since June of 2013. Patient demographics, prior treatments, PSA values, prior imaging, post-scan therapies, and therapeutic outcomes have been recorded prospectively and updated as follow-up information becomes available. Results: Analysis of these initial 56 men demonstrated 31/56 men had a C-11 Acetate PET scan that lead to further definitive loco-regional treatments, including salvage radiation therapy ( 12), salvage regional lymph node dissection (11) and salvage cryo-ablation (8), while 9/56 men had initiation of hormonal ablation, secondary to detection of systemic disease. The remainder of these men had negative scans and are currently under continued active surveillance without evidence of disease progression requiring either loco-regional or systemic therapy. Closer analysis of the 31 men who received loco-regional treatments revealed 10 men who benefited with clear PSA declines, 4 men who failed to demonstrate a benefit from the definitive loco-regional therapy and 17 of men are too early to determine at the time of analysis. Careful pathological analysis of the regional lymph dissections revealed the limit of detection of the C-11 Acetate PET scan of greater than or equal to 3mm. Correlations of SUV readings of detected prostate cancer lesions with PSA kinetics, suggest importance of both PSA doubling time and absolute PSA value cutoffs. Conclusions: The C-11 Acetate PET scan is a useful adjunct to current imagining techniques and provides additional clinical information to guide clinicians caring for prostate cancer patients.
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KRAETZL, WOLF-DIETER, VLADIMIR TANCIN, and DIETER SCHAMS. "Inhibition of oxytocin release and milk let-down in postpartum primiparous cows is not abolished by naloxone." Journal of Dairy Research 68, no. 4 (November 2001): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029901005167.
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About 10% of primiparous cows have no milk ejection during the first milkings after delivery. Therefore, 17 Brown Swiss dairy cows in their first lactation were used to evaluate the extent of disturbed milk let-down and the corresponding oxytocin (OT) plasma values in the 1st 5 days after delivery. The first milking was 9–22 h after parturition and served for classification of the cows to groups with inhibited (INH), bimodal (BIMO) or normal (NOR) milk let-down. The OT plasma levels before the start of manual teat stimulation and machine milking were comparably high during the first milking especially in NOR and BIMO cows. Ten minutes before the second milking (M2), 300 mg of the opioid antagonist naloxone was injected to test whether the disturbance was affected by the action of endogenous opioids on the neurohypophysis. The milk yield was not influenced by the naloxone treatment, and the INH cows had milk ejection only after a vaginal stimulation. Afterwards, the cows were milked twice every day, until the milk let-down and the OT release were unaffected (equal to control milking). Then, at the next milking, the cows were injected with 300 mg morphine 10 min before milking. The central OT release in response to manual teat stimulation and machine milking was completely blocked in all cows, but a vaginal stimulation was able to abolish this block, at least partially, in 16 cows. Thus, morphine produced a milk let-down characteristic as in the INH cows during the first three milkings. For the following milking, the cows were pre-treated with 300 mg naloxone (−15 min) plus 300 mg morphine (−10 min) before milking. The OT release and the milk yields were unaffected when compared with the control milking. This experiment demonstrates that exogenous opioids can affect the central release of OT in a naloxone-reversible manner even very soon after parturition. However, endogenous opioids are probably not the main mediators of disturbed central OT release and alveolar milk ejection in post-partum primiparous cows.
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Wolfe, Wiley H., Kenisha M. Shipley, Philip J. Bresnahan, Yuichiro Takeshita, Taylor Wirth, and Todd R. Martz. "Technical note: Stability of tris pH buffer in artificial seawater stored in bags." Ocean Science 17, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 819–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-819-2021.
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Abstract. Equimolal tris (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol) buffer in artificial seawater is a well characterized and commonly used standard for oceanographic pH measurements. We evaluated the stability of tris pH when stored in purportedly gas-impermeable bags across a variety of experimental conditions, including bag type and storage in air vs. seawater over 300 d. Bench-top spectrophotometric pH analysis revealed that the pH of tris stored in bags decreased at a rate of 0.0058±0.0011 yr−1 (mean slope ±95 % confidence interval of slope). The upper and lower bounds of expected pH change at t=365 d, calculated using the averages and confidence intervals of slope and intercept of measured pH change vs. time data, were −0.0042 and −0.0076 from initial pH. Analyses of total dissolved inorganic carbon confirmed that a combination of CO2 infiltration and/or microbial respiration led to the observed decrease in pH. Eliminating the change in pH of bagged tris remains a goal, yet the rate of pH change is lower than many processes of interest and demonstrates the potential of bagged tris for sensor calibration and validation of autonomous in situ pH measurements.
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Savenkova, D. S., V. O. Mindiarova, Yu O. Filippova, S. A. Volkova, A. V. Мilovanov, and L. P. Troshin. "The use of iPBS markers to study the genetic diversity of known stock grape varieties." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 5 (November 21, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-5-11-17.
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The expansion of viticulture in the world is accompanied by the spread of diseases and plant pests. Phylloxera is one of those organisms causing enormous damage to the world’s viticulture. The discovery of the possibility of grafting varieties on stock has led to the development of the breeding of stock originating from North America. Currently, the active use of different types of molecular markers for the identification and study of the genetic diversity of grapes allows to more accurately and efficiently study the biological peculiarities and genetics of plants. Obtaining good reproducibility of the analysis results and revealing the polymorphism between varieties and clones when using different types of markers, you can further use this knowledge for breeding in the selection of crossed pairs. The aim of the study in the present article was to study the common stock grape varieties - hybrids of American species. The article presents a study of the five most famous stock grape varieties: Kober 5BB and 420-A, Paulsen 1103, 101-14 and Richter 57 to identify genetic relationships and polymorphism between samples, based on the use of IRAP and iPBS primers. We used thirteen selected DNA markers that generated a total of 308 polymorphic DNA bands with 54.95 % polymorphism. The effectiveness of iPBS markers was comparable or even more effective than the markers based on retrotransposons. As a result of research, differences and commonality between stocks were clearly demonstrated by both cluster analysis and PCoA analysis.
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Piorkowski, Michael, Ulf Weikert, Peter-Lothar Schwimmbeck, Peter Martus, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, and Ursula Rauch. "ADP induced platelet degranulation in healthy individuals is reduced by clopidogrel after pretreatment with atorvastatin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 92, no. 09 (2004): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-12-0738.
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SummaryStatins inhibit platelet reactivity and reduce blood thrombogenicity.The effectiveness of clopidogrel in inhibiting platelet reactivity was suggested to be reduced in the presence of atorvastatin due to shared enzymes in metabolism. Healthy individuals, 17 pretreated with atorvastatin (20 mg/d for 3 days) and 17 without pretreatment, as well as 15 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and concurrent atorvastatin therapy were started on clopidogrel (loading dose 300 mg, then 75 mg/d). P-selectin on platelet surface after stimulation with ADP or Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide (TRAP) was flow cytometrically measured before and during clopidogrel administration. Whole blood platelet agglutination was tested by a platelet function assay.TRAP and - in trend - ADP induced p-selectin exposure was reduced by the atorvastatin pretreatment before clopidogrel was added. Combining clopidogrel with atorvastatin in the healthy individuals led to a further reduction in ADP-induced platelet p-selectin exposure. Clopidogrel also reduced platelet reactivity in CAD patients with concurrent atorvastatin medication. We conclude that pretreatment with atorvastatin reduces platelet reactivity before administration of clopidgrel. No drug interaction was seen, however, platelet inhibitory effects were observed during the treatment with clopidogrel and atorvastatin.
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Strijkers, RHW, CWKP Arnoldussen, and CHA Wittens. "Validation of the LET classification." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 30, no. 1_suppl (February 28, 2015): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355515569133.
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Introduction Acute thrombus removal therapies may reduce post-thrombotic syndrome in certain deep venous thrombosis patients. The LET classification is designed to identify patients at high risk for developing post-thrombotic syndrome in the acute phase using thrombus location and extent. This study evaluates the use of the LET classification to predict post-thrombotic syndrome in a cohort of patients after deep venous thrombosis. Methods A cohort of 660 deep venous thrombosis patients was invited to participate and fill out a questionnaire with Quality of life questionnaires, basic information, a modified self-assessment version of the Villalta scale for post-thrombotic syndrome and potential confounders. Original data on thrombus extension was available, and the LET classes were determined. Obtained information was analysed using ANOVA and in a multiple logistic regression model to correct for confounders. All different LET classes were compared to post-thrombotic syndrome occurrence, post-thrombotic syndrome prediction and disease specific quality of life scores (VEINES-Sym/Qol). Results Three hundred and fifteen patients responded, and in 309 a post-thrombotic syndrome score was distilled. LET I,II,III ( n = 63) had an odds ratio of 3.4(1.2–9.2) for predicting severe post-thrombotic syndrome, and LET II ( n = 17) had an odds ratio of 5.1(1.3–20.8) compared to LET class I ( n = 97). Both the VEINES-Sym and VEINES-Qol score were significantly lower for LET I,II,III compared to LET I, and LET II compared to LET I. Conclusion The LET classification can be used to classify patients according to acute thrombus location and extent. Extensive and centrally located (LET I,II,III) deep venous thrombosis showed the highest probability in developing severe post-thrombotic syndrome and lower disease specific quality of life.
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Roussel, Ronan, Julio Rosenstock, Robert Ritzel, Soazig Chevalier, and Beverley Balkau. "Mise en perspective des programmes de développement respectifs des insulines basales d’action ultra lente BEGIN et EDITION : résultats des méta-analyses sur les études comparant soit Dégludec (IDeg) soit Glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) vs Glargine 100 U/ml (Gla-100) dans le diabète de type 2 (DT2)." Diabetes & Metabolism 43, no. 2 (March 2017): A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(17)30140-4.
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Schroter, Sara, Amy Price, Mario Malički, Tessa Richards, and Mike Clarke. "Frequency and format of clinical trial results dissemination to patients: a survey of authors of trials indexed in PubMed." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e032701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032701.
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ObjectiveDissemination of research findings is central to research integrity and promoting discussion of new knowledge and its potential for translation into practice and policy. We investigated the frequency and format of dissemination to trial participants and patient groups.DesignSurvey of authors of clinical trials indexed in PubMed in 2014–2015.ResultsQuestionnaire emailed to 19 321 authors; 3127 responses received (16%). Of these 3127 trials, 2690 had human participants and 1818 enrolled individual patients. Among the 1818, 498 authors (27%) reported having disseminated results to participants, 238 (13%) planned to do so, 600 (33%) did not plan to, 176 (10%) were unsure and 306 (17%) indicated ‘other’ or did not answer. Of the 498 authors who had disseminated, 198 (40%) shared academic reports, 252 (51%) shared lay reports, 111 (22%) shared both and 164 (33%) provided individualised study results. Of the 1818 trials, 577 authors (32%) shared/planned to share results with patients outside their trial by direct contact with charities/patient groups, 401 (22%) via patient communities, 845 (46%) via presentations at conferences with patient representation, 494 (27%) via mainstream media and 708 (39%) by online lay summaries. Relatively few of the 1818 authors reported dissemination was suggested by institutional bodies: 314 (17%) of funders reportedly suggested dissemination to trial participants, 252 (14%) to patient groups; 333 (18%) of ethical review boards reportedly suggested dissemination to trial participants, 148 (8%) to patient groups. Authors described many barriers to dissemination.ConclusionFewer than half the respondents had disseminated to participants (or planned to) and only half of those who had disseminated shared lay reports. Motivation to disseminate results to participants appears to arise within research teams rather than being incentivised by institutional bodies. Multiple factors need to be considered and various steps taken to facilitate wide dissemination of research to participants.
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Bulion, Valentina V., Irina B. Krylova, and Elena N. Selina. "Cardioprotection of Ischemic Myocardium." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf16213-17.
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Aim. Cardioprotective effect of precursors in the synthesis of the uridine-5ʼ-diphosphate (UDP) - the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels (mitoKATP channels) endogenous activator - uridine and uridine-5ʼ-monophosphate (UMP) and the relation between there mechanism of action and activity of mitoKATP channels were studied. Methods. The experiments were performed on the male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g. Acute myocardial ischemia (MI) lasting 60 min was produced by occlusion of the descending branch of the left coronary artery (LCA) under artificial pulmonary ventilation. Animals were anesthetized with sodium ethaminal (50 mg/kg). Uridine or UMP in the dose of 30 mg/kg was injected intravenously 5 min prior to LCA occlusion. A selective blocker of these channels 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 5 mg/kg intravenously 5 min prior to injection of uridine or UMP) was used to detect the involvement of mitoKATP channels in the effects of drugs. ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) was determined in the heart homogenates. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was estimated by the content of lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) and the state of the antioxidant system (AOS) by superoxidedismutase (SOD) activity and the reduced glutathione (GH) content. Results. Occlusion of the LCA during 60 min led to the decrease of ATP and CP content in the myocardium by 35% and 59% respectively. At the same time changes in LPO and AOS were observed. The amount of LHP increased by 97%, the activity of SOD was reduced by 28% and the content of GH decreased by 30%. Uridine and UMP given 5 minutes prior to LCA occlusion prevented the development of these metabolic disorders in the ischemic myocardium. Selective blocker of mitoKATP channels 5-HD eliminated the protective effect of both drugs. Conclusion. Uridin and UMP have the evident cardioprotective effect in the acute MI, stabilizing the miocardium energy metabolism, preventing the AOS function depression and excessive activation of LPO. The mechanism of protective action of the drugs is associated with the activation of mitoKATP channels. (For citation: Bulion VV, Krylova IB, Selina EN. Cardioprotection of ischemic myocardium. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2018;16(2):13-17. doi: 10.17816/RCF16213-17).
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Lee, GJ. "Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 2 (1986): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860153.
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The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.
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Calvo Gutierrez, J., B. Rodríguez Jiménez, M. L. Ladehesa Pineda, M. Rojas-Giménez, R. Ortega Castro, and A. Escudero Contreras. "AB0166 MORTALITY AND COMORBIDITIES IN A COHORT OF PACIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1109.3–1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3082.
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Background:Patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of comorbidities and secondary mortality, in a large extent due to cardiovascular events.Objectives:To identify the frequency of comorbidity, mortality and variables related to its increase in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis established (RAE).Methods:Controlled cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 188 patients with RAE a 10 year follow-up (5 years if not complete this period).Results:62.8% were women, mean age of patients at the time of inclusion was high 73.3 (+/-13.8) years and mean duration of disease was 12,8 (+/-6,99) years. Regarding CV risk factors, 26.6% smoked, 60.6% hypertension and 52.1 % diabetic. Regarding comorbidities, the most frequent were serious infections (45.2%), CVD (35.1%), Osteoporosis (31.9%), Depression (31.9%) and Kidney disease (26.6%). During follow-up, an improvement was observed inflammatory parameters and activity levels (p <0.001) Table 1. Mortality was associated to CVD and severe infection, and depression to lower mortality (p 0.05). Overall mortality was 32.4%. A logistic regression was performed in the group of patients with time greater evolution 10 years of our cohort, to be able to better represent the influence of disease carrying with her for longer, whose results are shown in Table 2. Analysand survival, men, CVD, severe infections, and Positive Rheumatoid Factor were associated with higher mortality, while treatment with Methotrexate was associated with increased survival. Among the causes of death, the most frequent were infections, CVD and solid cancer.Conclusion:-The incidence of comorbidities in our cohort is similar to that described in the literature.-Relationship between mortality and CVD and severe infection is demonstrated.-The mortality rate observed is higher than that described in the literature, which be influenced by the advanced age of the patients in the cohort and high time evolution of RA.References:[1]Lee YK, Ahn GY, Lee J, Shin JM, Lee TH, Park DJ, Song YJ, Kim MK, Bae SC. Excess mortality persists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan 19. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14058. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33463890.[2]Mikuls, T. R. (2003). Co-morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 17(5), 729-752.[3]Naz, S. M., & Symmons, D. P. M. (2007). Mortality in established rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 21(5), 871-883.Table 1.Student’s t test for paired data.VariablesBasal10 yearPDAS285,25 (15,08)2,89 (1,06)0,036VAS38,61 (36,45)26,93 (24,97)<0,001HAQ1,04 (0,79)0,88 (0,87)NSTJC4,96 (5,38)1,40 (2,57)<0,001SJC3,55 (3,69)0,72 (2,11)<0,001ESR (mm/h)31,47 (21,19)25,86 (18,47)<0,001CRP (mg/L)15,24 (16,13)9,41 (21,02)0,001Hemoglobin (mg/dL)13,44 (7,92)13,52 (7,64)NSGlucose (mg/dL)102,26(35,97)103,83 (37, 98)NSCholesterol (mg/dL)203,56 (46,11)195,65 (38,12)0,042LDL (mg/dL)123,91 (40,69)119,58 (33,89)NSHDL (mg/dL)56,73 (19,07)54,84 (20,38)NSTriglycerides (mg/dL)110,85 (60,77)113,44 (55,61)NSTable 2.Logistic regression model. Hosmer-Lemeshow Chi square 9.035 Gl 7 p 0.25. Likelihood ratio test Chi square 64.658 Gl 5 p <0.001. NS, Not significant.VariableUnivariate analysisOR (IC 95%)pMultiivariate analysisFINAL MODELOOR (IC 95%)PDyslipidemia1,02 (0,47-2,23)0,965HT4,73 (1,79-12,48)0,002DM1,42 (0,59-3,44)0,438CV disease11,25 (4,45-28,44)< 0,00112,33 (3.89-39,04)< 0,001Hyperuricemia3,27 (1,39-7,65)0,006Thyroid disease0,56 (0,15-2,11)0,393Interstitial lung disease2,48 (0,77-7,99)0,1277,37 (1,48-36,84)0,015Osteoporosis2,38 (1,07-5,29)0,033Renal disease8,25 (3,41-19,97)< 0,0014,14 (1,34-12,80)0,014Depressión0,32 (0,12-0,84)0,0210,20 (0,06-0,74)0,015Solyd CA1,12 (0,44-2,87)0,809Hematologic CA<0,001 (NS)0,999Amyloidosis2,65 (0,16-43,52)0,496Severe infecction6,22 (2,53-15,29)< 0,0015,59 (1,66-18,79)0,005COVID-19 infection1,31 (0,12-14,91)0,828Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Koshar, Rudy. "On the History of the Automobile in Everyday Life." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001072.
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Alexander von Vegasack and Mateo Kries, eds., Automobility – Was uns bewegt (Weil am Rhein: Vitra Design Museum, 1999), exhibition catalogue, Vitra Design Museum, 551 pp., ISBN 3-931-936-17-1. Paride Rugafiori, ed., La capitale dell'automobile: Imprendatori, cultura e società a Torino (Venice: Marsilio, 1999), 262 pp., Lire 35,000. ISBN 8-831-77194-9. Ulrich Kubisch, Das Automobil als Lesestoff: Zur Geschichte der deutschen Motorpresse, 1898–1998 (Berlin: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 1998), 80 pp., ISBN 3-895-00072-8. David Thoms, Len Holden, and Tim Claydon, eds., The Motor Car and Popular Culture in the 20th Century (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), 307 pp., ISBN 1-859-28461-2. Sean O'Connell, The Car in British Society: Class, Gender and Motoring, 1896–1939 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1998), 240 pp., ISBN 0-71-905506-7
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San-Miguel, Jesùs F., Katja C. Weisel, Philippe Moreau, Martha Lacy, Kevin W. Song, Michel Delforge, Lionel Karlin, et al. "MM-003: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study of pomalidomide (POM) plus low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) versus high-dose dexamethasone (HiDEX) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 8510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8510.
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8510 Background: RRMM patients (pts) who have exhausted treatment (Tx) with bortezomib (BORT) and lenalidomide (LEN) or thalidomide have a poor prognosis with short overall survival (OS). HiDEX is a well-established standard Tx in RRMM. POM has demonstrated clinical efficacy in pts refractory to LEN and BORT. MM-003 compared POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT and who progressed on their last Tx. Methods: Pts must have been refractory to last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during Tx or within 60 days) and failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination). Pts were randomized 2:1 to receive 28-day cycles of POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) weekly or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20. Tx continued until PD or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included OS, overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response), and safety. Analyses were based on intent to treat. Results: 455 pts were randomized to POM + LoDEX (n = 302) or HiDEX (n = 153). The median number of prior Tx was 5 (range 1-17). 72% were refractory to LEN and BORT. Median follow-up was 4 months. POM + LoDEX significantly extended median PFS (3.6 vs. 1.8 months, HR = 0.45, P < .001) and OS (not reached vs. 7.8 months, HR = 0.53, P < .001) vs. HiDEX. The OS benefit was observed despite 29% of HiDEX pts receiving POM after PD. The trial met the primary endpoint of PFS, crossed the upper boundary for OS superiority, and the Data Monitoring Committee recommended crossover from HiDEX to POM ± DEX. With updated data, the ORR was 21% for POM + LoDEX vs. 3% for HiDEX (P < .001) and 24% vs 3% for pts randomized ≥ 6 months post-enrollment (P < .001). The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) for POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX were neutropenia (42% vs. 15%), anemia (27% vs. 29%), and infection (24% vs. 23%). Discontinuation due to AEs was infrequent (7% vs. 6%). Updated data will be presented. Conclusions: POM + LoDEX significantly extended PFS and OS vs. HiDEX in pts who failed LEN and BORT. POM + LoDEX should become a standard of care in RRMM pts who have exhausted Tx with LEN and BORT. Clinical trial information: NCT01311687.
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Tan, Sue Zanne, Christopher R. Reisch, and Kristala L. J. Prather. "A Robust CRISPR Interference Gene Repression System inPseudomonas." Journal of Bacteriology 200, no. 7 (January 8, 2018): e00575-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00575-17.
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ABSTRACTPseudomonasspp. are widely used model organisms in different areas of research. Despite the relevance ofPseudomonasin many applications, the use of protein depletion tools in this host remains limited. Here, we developed the CRISPR interference system for gene repression inPseudomonasspp. using a nuclease-nullStreptococcus pasteurianusCas9 variant (dead Cas9, or dCas9). We demonstrate a robust and titratable gene depletion system with up to 100-fold repression in β-galactosidase activity inP. aeruginosaand 300-fold repression in pyoverdine production inPseudomonas putida. This inducible system enables the study of essential genes, as shown byftsZdepletions inP. aeruginosa,P. putida, andPseudomonas fluorescensthat led to phenotypic changes consistent with depletion of the targeted gene. Additionally, we performed the firstin vivocharacterization of protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site preferences ofS. pasteurianusdCas9 and identified NNGCGA as a functional PAM site that resulted in repression efficiencies comparable to the consensus NNGTGA sequence. This discovery significantly expands the potential genomic targets ofS. pasteurianusdCas9, especially in GC-rich organisms.IMPORTANCEPseudomonasspp. are prevalent in a variety of environments, such as the soil, on the surface of plants, and in the human body. AlthoughPseudomonasspp. are widely used as model organisms in different areas of research, existing tools to deplete a protein of interest in these organisms remain limited. We have developed a robust and inducible gene repression tool inP. aeruginosa,P. putida, andP. fluorescensusing theStreptococcus pasteurianusdCas9. This method of protein depletion is superior to existing methods, such as promoter replacements and addition of degradation tags, because it does not involve genomic modifications of the target protein, is titratable, and is capable of repressing multiple genes simultaneously. This gene repression system now enables easy depletion of specific proteins inPseudomonas, accelerating the study and engineering of this widely used model organism.
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Nakamura, Masatoshi, Koki Yasaka, Ryosuke Kiyono, Remi Onuma, Kaoru Yahata, Shigeru Sato, and Andreas Konrad. "The Acute Effect of Foam Rolling on Eccentrically-Induced Muscle Damage." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010075.
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Previous studies have shown significant improvement in muscle soreness and muscle function loss after 300-s foam rolling intervention two days after intense exercise. However, this duration is assumed to be too long, so investigating the effect of short-term duration foam rolling intervention on an eccentrically-damaged muscle is needed. This study aimed to eccentrically induce muscle damage in the leg extensors, and to detect the acute effect of 90-s foam rolling on muscle soreness and muscle function of the quadriceps muscle. We enrolled 17 healthy and nonathlete male volunteers. They performed a bout of eccentric exercise of the knee extensors with the dominant leg and received 90-s foam rolling intervention of the quadriceps two days after the eccentric exercise. The dependent variables were measured before the eccentric exercise (baseline), and before (preintervention) and after foam rolling intervention (postintervention), two days after the eccentric exercise. The results show that the preintervention muscle soreness and muscle strength values were significantly increased, compared with the baseline values, whereas the postintervention values were significantly decreased, compared with the preintervention values. Furthermore, 90-s of foam rolling intervention could improve muscle soreness and muscle function loss.
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Chevalier, Tyler B., Harold J. Monegue, and Merlin D. Lindemann. "39 Effects of increasing iron dextran dosage at birth on the hematological profile and growth performance of piglets during the lactation period." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.073.
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Abstract The objective of the experiment was to critically monitor the blood profile and growth performance of piglets during the lactation period after receiving various amounts of injectable iron at birth. A total of 70, newborn pigs (initial BW 1.51 ± 0.26 kg) from 7 litters were assigned to 1 of 5 iron dosage treatments on d 0. Injectable iron dosage treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg iron from iron dextran. BW and blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 22 (weaning) and blood was analyzed for a complete blood count (CBC). Blood was only sampled from 50 of the 70 pigs as the pigs not sampled were used for tissue collection at weaning and postweaning. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the individual pig as the experimental unit. As early as d 1 after the injection, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) improved (linear: P < 0.05). The Hb response was both linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01) from d 3 through weaning at d 22. For the 50 and 100 mg iron treatments, Hb peaked at d 6, whereas Hb for the 200 and 300 mg iron treatments peaked on d 17. Other CBC measures followed a similar pattern of improvement from d 2-3 through weaning as the iron dosage increased. Average daily gain was greater (linear: P = 0.04 and quadratic: P = 0.05) from d 0 to 22 which, in turn, led to a linear improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in weaning BW. Increasing iron injection dosage at birth leads to an improved blood profile and greater ADG during the nursing period (d 0-22). The dosage provided also affects the timing and magnitude of the peak Hb response.
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Topalian, Suzanne Louise, Mario Sznol, Julie R. Brahmer, David F. McDermott, David C. Smith, Scott N. Gettinger, Janis M. Taube, et al. "Nivolumab (anti-PD-1; BMS-936558; ONO-4538) in patients with advanced solid tumors: Survival and long-term safety in a phase I trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3002.
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3002^ Background: Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1), a co-inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, can overcome immune resistance and mediate tumor regression (Topalian et al., NEJM 2012). Here we present long-term safety and efficacy outcomes from a phase I study of nivolumab, a PD-1 blocking mAb, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Methods: Pts enrolled between 2008-2012 received nivolumab (0.1−10 mg/kg IV Q2W) during dose escalation and/or cohort expansion. Tumors were assessed by RECIST 1.0 after each 4-dose cycle. Pts received ≤12 cycles until unacceptable toxicity, confirmed progression, or CR. Results: 304 pts with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=127, squamous and nonsquamous), melanoma (MEL, n=107), renal cell (RCC, n=34), colorectal (n=19) or prostate cancer (n=17) were treated. Durable ORs (CR/PR) were observed in MEL, NSCLC and RCC (Table); in 54 responders with ≥1 yr follow-up, 28 lasted ≥1 yr. Median OS in these heavily pretreated pts (47% with 3-5 prior systemic therapies) compared favorably with expected outcomes as of July 2012. Drug-related AEs (any grade) occurred in 72% (220/304) and G3/G4 AEs in 15% (45/304) of pts. Drug-related pneumonitis occurred in 3% (10/304), including G3/G4 in 1% (3/304), resulting in 3 deaths early in the trial, which led to increased clinical monitoring and an emphasis on management algorithms. Nivolumab-related pneumonitis characteristics and management will be summarized. Updated survival and safety data from Feb 2013 (≥1 yr follow-up all pts) will be presented, including OS at 3 yr. Conclusions: Nivolumab produced sustained survival with a manageable long-term safety profile in advanced MEL, NSCLC and RCC, supporting its ongoing clinical development in controlled phase III trials with survival endpoints. Clinical trial information: NCT00730639. [Table: see text]
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Jonker, Leon, Jane Todhunter, Jose Schutter, Charlotte Halliday, and Stacey Fisher. "A multi-centre, prospective, randomised controlled feasibility study of plantar resistance exercise therapy for venous leg ulcers – Results of the PREVUE study." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 35, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355519858889.
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Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of an interventional study involving a seated plantar resistance exercise programme, using a StepIt pedal, aimed at promotion of venous leg ulcer healing. Methods Thirty-two venous leg ulcer patients, recruited from community, GP and hospital settings, were randomised to either a standard care or adjuvant StepIt exercise programme arm for up to 12 weeks. The exercise involved a twice daily routine of 10 times 1 min of exercise, i.e. 2 s push and 2 s lift repetitions (equating to 300 daily ‘steps’). Results Complete healing of the venous leg ulcers was observed in 10 out of 15 (67%; StepIt cohort) and 7 out of 17 (41%; control cohort), respectively (p-value 0.18, Fisher’s exact test). Baseline differences between the two cohorts were longer wound chronicity, less venous leg ulcer-related pain and better venous leg ulcer-related quality of life in the StepIt cohort. One adverse event, involving increased wound exudate and slough production, was observed in a participant using StepIt, and no study withdrawals were recorded in either arm. StepIt users whose wound had completely healed by week 12 were more likely to be compliant with the exercise programme (self-reported) and more positive about the trial experience; however, all would recommend the device to others. Conclusions Seated plantar resistance exercise shows promise and may accelerate venous leg ulcer wound healing. The StepIt pedal is well-received by patients, and its efficacy may depend on the degree of patient compliance with the exercise programme. Further larger scale studies are indicated to allow more concrete inferences to be made on the clinical and potential health economics impact that this device may have.
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Smith, A. G., J. V. O'Doherty, P. Reilly, M. T. Ryan, B. Bahar, and T. Sweeney. "The effects of laminarin derived from Laminaria digitata on measurements of gut health: selected bacterial populations, intestinal fermentation, mucin gene expression and cytokine gene expression in the pig." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 5 (January 21, 2011): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510004277.
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The aim of the present study was to establish the optimum inclusion level of laminarin derived from Laminaria digitata on selected microbial populations, intestinal fermentation, cytokine and mucin gene expression in the porcine ileum and colon. A total of twenty-one pigs (mean body weight 17·9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: T1 – basal (control) diet, T2 and T3 – basal diets supplemented with laminarin included at 300 and 600 parts per million (ppm), respectively. Selected intestinal bacterial populations and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured in the ileum and colon. Relative gene expression levels for specific cytokine and mucin genes were investigated in ileal and colonic tissue in the absence and presence of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. There was an up-regulation of MUC2 gene expression at the 300 ppm inclusion level in the ileum. In the colon, there was a significant reduction in the enterobacteriaceae population at the 300 ppm inclusion level (P = 0·0421). Dietary supplementation of 600 ppm laminarin led to a significant increase in MUC2 (P = 0·0365) and MUC4 (P = 0·0401) expression in the colon, and in the total VFA concentration in the caecum (P = 0·0489). A significant increase was also recorded in IL-6 (P = 0·0289) and IL-8 gene expression (P = 0·0245) in LPS-challenged colonic tissue at both laminarin inclusion levels. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 300 ppm laminarin appears to be the optimum dose in the present study due to the reduction in the enterobacteriaceae populations and enhanced IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine expression in response to an ex vivo LPS challenge.
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Borille, Rodrigo, Rodrigo G. Garcia, Irenilza A. Nääs, Fabiana R. Caldara, and Mayara R. Santana. "Monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) source in layers hens during the second production cycle." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 19, no. 9 (September 2015): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n9p877-881.
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ABSTRACTLight is an important environmental factor for birds, allowing not only their vision, but also influencing their physiological responses, such as behavioral and reproductive activity. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of different colors of monochromatic light (LED) sources in laying hens production during the second laying cycle. The study was conducted in an experimental laying house during 70 days. A total of 300 laying hens Isa Brown® genetic strain, aged 95 weeks, in the second laying cycle were used in the study. The artificial light sources used were blue, yellow, green, red and white. The light regimen was continuous illumination of 17 h per day (12 h natural and 5 h artificial) in a daily light regimen of 17L:5D (light: dark). The Latin Square design was adopted with five treatments (five colors) divided into five periods, and five boxes, with six replicates of ten birds in each box. The production and egg quality were evaluated. The different colors of light source did not affect production parameters or egg quality (p > 0.05). The monochromatic light source may be considered as an alternative to artificial lighting in laying hens during the second production cycle.
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Ganesan, Saravanan, Nithya Balasundaram, Hamenth Kumar Palani, Ansu Abu Alex, Sachin David, Anup Joseph Devasia, Biju George, Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian, and Vikram Mathews. "Fate of Ikaros in Multiple Myeloma Cells upon Treatment with Lenalidomide and Proteasome Inhibitor." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3281.3281.
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Abstract Recent evidences suggests that the efficacy of Lenalidomide (LEN) depends upon its ability to degrade IKZF1 and IKZF3 proteins via cereblon dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway [Science. 2014 Jan 17; 343(6168): 301-305]. Based on this model it would theoretically be antagonistic to combine LEN with proteasome inhibitors (PI). However, it is well recognized that there is significant synergism when LEN is combined with PI and this combination is routinely and effectively used in the clinic. The mechanism of synergy and the fate of IKZF1 and IKZF3 when these two agents are combined is poorly understood. We undertook a series of experiments to study the fate of IKZF1 when this combination of drugs was used in multiple myeloma cells. Combining LEN (1uM) along with bortezomib (BTZ; 1nM) a PI showed a significant kill on U266 cells (myeloma cell line) on day 5 post treatment (n=3; P=0.02) when compared to either of the agents alone. In an MTT assay, the synergism was well documented with a combination index of 0.5 (Fig 1a). Next we assessed the function of proteasome (chymotrypsin activity) when LEN was combined with PI. We observed that LEN alone does not interfere with proteasome activity. It was noted that BTZ alone at the concentration used (5 nM) was able to effectively inhibit the activity of proteasome (Fig 1b). It was also observed that combining these two agents does not interfere with BTZ action in inhibiting proteasome complex (Fig 1b). As a result of efficient proteasome inhibition, we observed an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the BTZ and LEN + BTZ treated cells when compared to control and LEN alone treated cells (Fig 1c). Next, we looked for the fate of IKZF1 in U266 cells treated with LEN, BTZ and in combination of both the drugs. As reported, we observed a degradation of IKZF1 in U266 cells upon treatment with LEN. While we did not see any degradation of IKZF1 in BTZ alone treated cells. It was noted that in combination treated cells (LEN+BTZ) there was a degradation of IKZF1 (Fig 1c). In spite of significant proteasome complex inhibition, degradation of IKZF1 was observed which suggested a proteasome independent mechanism. It is well known that proteasome inhibition results in upregulation of the autophagy pathway which in turn can degrade the accumulated ubiquitinated proteins. We noted that upon treatment with BTZ or LEN+BTZ an induction of autophagy was observed, as evidenced by an increase in generation of LC3II bands on an immunoblot (Fig 1c). To support our hypothesis that IKZF1 is degraded by autophagy in the absence of proteasome complex, we pre-treated the U266 cells with an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) followed by treatment with LEN and BTZ and noted an accumulation of IKZF1 proteins (Fig 1d). We also observed a downregulation of IKZF1 target genes IRF4 and c-MYC by 12 and 24 hours in the combination treated cells (data not shown). Taken together this data demonstrates that there is (i) significant in-vitro synergism between the two agents (ii) the combination additively induces autophagy pathway (iii) IKZF1 protein can be degraded via this autophagy pathway in the presence of effective proteasome inhibition. While additional mechanisms of synergy between these two agents cannot be excluded, further enhancing autophagy pathway in these cells by drugs like sirolimus (autophagy inducer in myeloma cells) could potentially improve the synergy between these two drugs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Alm, Lena, Jannik Frings, Matthias Krause, and Karl-Heinz Frosch. "Intraarticular osteotomy of malunited tibial plateau fractures: an analysis of clinical results with a mean follow-up after 4 years." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 46, no. 6 (July 25, 2020): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01440-y.
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Abstract Purpose Malunions are a common complication after tibial plateau fractures (TPF), leading to stiffness, pseudo-instability and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical outcome after intraarticular osteotomy of malunited TPF and to perform a failure analysis. Methods Between 2013 and 2018, 23 patients (11 males, 12 females; 43.8 ± 12.8 years) with intraarticular osteotomy after malunited TPF were included in the retrospective study. Clinical examination and postoperative scores were collected with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Malunion was measured on pre- and postoperative CT scans and localized according to the 10-segment classification while the leg axis in the frontal plane was measured pre- and postoperatively on long leg standing radiographs. Results Excellent and good clinical outcome was achieved in 73.9% (n = 17) of the cases and patient related outcome improved significantly (Tegner 3.3 ± 1.6–5 ± 1.8, p < 0.001; clinical Rasmussen 14.6 ± 3.8–24.9 ± 4.4, p < 0.001). Radiological parameters also improved as an intraarticular step-off was reduced from 9 ± 3.8 to 0.6 ± 0.8 mm (p < 0.001) and a lower limb malalignment from 7.2 ± 4.8° to 1.5 ± 1.9° (p = 0.003). Failure analysis showed that an impaired clinical result correlated with a postoperative extension (n = 3, p < 0.001) and flexion deficit (n = 4, p = 0.035). Conclusion Intraarticular osteotomy of malunited TPF lead to good clinical results with significant clinical and radiological improvement in most cases while an impaired patient outcome correlated with a limited range of motion. This study is the first failure analysis of intraarticular osteotomy after malunited TPF published up to now.
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Niesvizky, R., A. Spencer, M. Wang, D. Weber, C. Chen, M. A. Dimopoulos, Z. Yu, et al. "Increased risk of thrombosis with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone and erythropoietin." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 7506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7506.
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7506 Background: Lenalidomide (Len) is a novel, orally administered, immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) that has single-agent activity against multiple myeloma (MM) and additive effects when combined with dexamethasone (Dex). At the interim analysis of MM-009/010, lenalidomide/dexamethasone achieved a significant benefit over dexamethasone, providing a longer median time to progression (TTP), higher response rates, and higher CR rates. Aim: This subgroup analysis of MM-009/010 was performed to evaluate thrombosis in patients receiving Len/Dex vs Dex. Thrombotic events included the following adverse event terms: thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism. Methods: Patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory MM were randomized to either receive oral Len (25 mg daily for 3 weeks every 4 weeks) plus Dex (40 mg on Days 1–4, 9–12, 17–20 every 4 weeks for 4 months, then 40 mg on Days 1–4 every cycle thereafter) or placebo plus Dex. Results: Thrombotic events were reported in 39 (11.3%) of 346 pts treated with Len/Dex compared to 13 (3.8%) of 346 pts treated with Dex alone (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified Len/Dex treatment and erythropoietic treatment to be independently correlated with thrombosis (Table). Older age, lower plasma cell percentage in marrow, and better ECOG performance status had a weaker association with thrombosis. Thrombosis occurred more frequently among pts with prior history of thrombosis, although that was not a significant predictor in the multivariate anlaysis. None of 23 pts who used aspirin or salicylate during the first month of treatment developed thrombosis and all events occurred in pts with rising M-paraprotein levels at baseline. Conclusions: The current study findings suggest that the administration of erythropoietic agents should be minimized in MM pts receiving Len/Dex. Prophylactic antithrombotic therapy should also be considered. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Miller-Kuhlmann, Rebecca, Lironn Kraler, Nina Bozinov, Alexander Frolov, Michael Mlynash, Carl A. Gold, and Kathryn A. Kvam. "Education Research: A novel resident-driven neurology quality improvement curriculum." Neurology 94, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008752.
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ObjectiveTo describe and assess the effectiveness of a neurology resident quality improvement curriculum focused on development of practical skills and project experience.MethodsWe designed and implemented a quality improvement curriculum composed of (1) a workshop series and (2) monthly resident-led Morbidity, Mortality, & Improvement conferences focused on case analysis and project development. Surveys were administered precurriculum and 18 months postcurriculum to assess the effect on self-assessed confidence with quality improvement skills, attitudes, and project participation. Scholarship in the form of posters, presentations, and manuscripts was tracked during the course of the study.ResultsPrecurriculum, 83% of neurology residents felt that instruction in quality improvement was important, but most rated their confidence level with various skills as low. Following implementation of the curriculum, residents were significantly more confident in analyzing a patient case (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) (2.4, 1.9–3.1), proposing system changes (3.1, 2.3–3.9), writing a problem statement (9.9, 6.2–13.5), studying a process (3.1, 2.3–3.8), identifying resources (3.1, 2.3–3.8), identifying appropriate measures (2.5, 1.9–3.0), collaborating with other providers to make improvements (4.9, 3.5–6.4), and making changes in a system (3.1, 2.3–3.8). Project participation increased from the precurriculum baseline (7/18, 39%) to the postcurriculum period (17/22, 77%; p = 0.023). One hundred percent of residents surveyed rated the curriculum positively.ConclusionsOur multifaceted curriculum was associated with increased resident confidence with quality improvement skills and increased participation in improvement projects. With adequate faculty mentorship, this curriculum represents a novel template for preparing neurology residents for meeting the expectations of improvement in practice and offers scholarship opportunities.
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Zonder, Jeffrey A., John Crowley, Mohamad A. Hussein, Vanessa Bolejack, Dennis F. Moore, Brock F. Whittenberger, Muneer H. Abidi, Brian G. M. Durie, and Bart Barlogie. "Superiority of Lenalidomide (Len) Plus High-Dose Dexamethasone (HD) Compared to HD Alone as Treatment of Newly-Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM): Results of the Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled SWOG Trial S0232." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.77.77.
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Abstract Lenalidomide (Len) is an immunomodulatory drug approved for use with high-dose dexamethasone (HD) as therapy for relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Preliminary data suggest Len+HD may be even more active versus newly-diagnosed myeloma (NDMM). SWOG conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (S0232) comparing Len+HD to HD alone. Methods: Original study design: enrollment of 500 pts with NDMM (measurable disease, Cr ≤ 2.5 mg/dL, ineligible for/declining immediate autologous stem cell transplant), with interim analysis after accrual of 300 pts. The trial was closed after 198 pts were enrolled, due to external data affecting acceptability of HD as the control arm. Pts were randomized to Len 25 mg/d (28 of 35 days for 3 induction cycles, then 21 of 28 days as maintenance thereafter) plus HD (40 mg days 1–4, 9–12, 17–20 induction, then days 1–4, 15–18 maintenance) or HD (same induction and maintenance schedules) plus placebo. Therapy was unblinded for disease progression; pts on HD could crossover to Len+HD. After a high initial rate of thrombosis (TEE) was seen in pts on Len+HD, aspirin (ASA) 325 mg/d was mandated. Pts were stratified by ISS stage and SWOG performance status (PS). The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints reported here are overall response rate (ORR), major response rate (MRR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results: Between Oct 2004 and Mar 2007, 100 pts were randomized to Len+HD (arm A) and 98 pts to HD plus placebo (arm B), with no differences in age (median 64.6 yrs overall), sex, race, PS, or stage distribution between arms. As of July 18, 2007, 61 pts on arm A and 72 pts on arm B were assessable for response. Estimated 1-yr PFS was 77% (arm A), vs 55% (arm B) (p=0.002). The ORR was 85.3% (≥ MR 79.4%, CR 22.1%) vs 51.3% (≥ MR 26.2%, CR 3.8%) on arms A and B, respectively (p = 0.001). OS was high in both arms (93% vs 91% at 1 yr; p=NS). Forty pts on arm B crossed over to arm A. Of these, 23 are assessable for response: ORR is 70.4% (14.8% CR). Grade 3–4 neutropenia was more frequent on arm A (13.5% vs 2.4%; p=0.010), as were infections (arm A: n=38, Gr 3–4=13, Gr 5=1; arm B: n=23, Gr 3–4=8, Gr 5=0; p= 0.003). There were 20 TEEs on arm A (14 on ASA prophylaxis) and 12 on arm B (all on ASA; 5 after crossover to Len+HD). Thus, 25 TEEs occurred during either blinded or open-label Len+HD vs 7 on HD alone (p=0.089). Discussion: In NDMM, Len+HD is superior in terms of ORR, MRR, and PFS compared to HD alone. The 1-yr OS in both arms of this study is among the highest reported. ASA at this dose may not be optimal thromboprophylaxis for pts with NDMM treated with Len+HD, although pt compliance with ASA on this study is not known. With recent evidence that dex intensity may affect TEE risk, this study was modified to include lower dose dex (40 mg q wk) with no change in TEE prophylaxis.
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Francis, Lanie, Judy Anderson, Michael Timm, Noriyoshi Kurihara, Ujjal Singha, Yazan Alsayed, Alissa Huston, Suzanne Lentzsch, G. David Roodman, and Irene M. Ghobrial. "The Effect of Rapamycin, 17-AAG and the Combination on the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma (MM)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3476.3476.
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Abstract The bone marrow microenvironment in MM is characterized by the presence of upregulated osteoclast activity (OCL) and increased angiogenesis. We have recently demonstrated that the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG (provided by the NCI) and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (LC Laboratories, MA) have synergistic inhibitory activity on MM cells. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rapamycin, 17-AAG and the combination on OCL formation and angiogenesis. Rapamycin (0.01–100nM), 17-AAG (10–1000nM) and the combination was tested using an in vitro human OCL formation assay and a human angiogenesis assay (AngioKit, TCS Cellworks, UK). Nonadherent human marrow mononuclear cells (1 x 105/100 μL) were plated in 96-well plates in the presence or absence of DMSO, rapamycin, 17-AAG or the combination. RANKL (100ng/ml) and MCSF (20ng/ml) were added to all wells except control media and MCSF. After 3 weeks, cells were fixed, and the number of OCL-like multinucleated cells were scored. To test the effect of the agents on early OCL precursors, we added the inhibitory agents on days 1, 7 or 14 of the culture. The AngioKit is comprised of human endothelial cells in a 24 well plate. The endothelial cells proliferate and then migrate through the matrix to form tubular structures and anastomosing tubules by 2 weeks. Two control wells were treated with VEGF (+ve control) and two with suramin (−ve control). The optimized medium and test samples were replaced on days 4, 7, and 9 after initial treatment. On day 11, cultures were fixed and stained with antibodies to CD31 to detect vessel formation. The degree of tubule formation was quantitated using computerized image analysis (Angiosys, TCS Cellworks, UK). Single agent rapamycin (20–100nM) inhibited OCL formation by 35% as compared to control in all tested doses indicating that PI3K/mTOR is an important regulator of OCL formation. The effect was similar on day 7 and day 14 indicating that this pathway is important for early and late OCL formation. 17-AAG 100–600nM significantly inhibited OCL formation with 100nM 17-AAG inducing 12% OCL formation as compared to control, while 300 and 600nM completely abrogated OCLs (0% OCLs). This effect was similar at day 7. However, when 17-AAG was added on day 14, it only induced 50–60% reduction in OCL formation indicating that 17-AAG affects early OCL formation. The combination of the two agents completely inhibited OCL formation on day 1 and 7 and led to a 65% reduction in OCLs when added on day 14 of the culture. Rapamycin showed a marked decrease in angiogenesis (similar to the negative control suramin), even at the lowest level tested of 0.01nM. 17-AAG demonstrated some inhibition of angiogenesis at 10 nM, and completely abrogated angiogenesis at 500–1000nM. In summary, rapamycin and 17-AAG inhibit OCL formation and angiogenesis. The effect of 17-AAG was on early OCL formation while rapamycin was on both early and late OCL. These results are contradictory to previous data indicating that 17-AAG increases OCL activity in MM. Rapamycin had a significant inhibitory effect on angiogenesis even at low doses. These results demonstrate that the use of rapamycin analogues and 17-AAG in clinical trials may have a therapeutic effect, not only on MM cells, but also on the bone marrow microenvironment. Supported in part by an ASH Scholar Award and an MMRF grant.
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Johnsingh, A. J. T., S. P. Goyal, and Qamar Qureshi. "Preparations for the reintroduction of Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica into Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India." Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001512.
Full textAbstract:
Approximately 300 Asiatic lions Panthera leo persica are confined to the 1,883 km2 Gir forests in Gujarat, western India. To establish a second home for the Asiatic lion in its former range, Kuno Wildlife Division (1,280 km2, with a core 345 km2 Sanctuary) has been identified in Madhya Pradesh. To assess whether the Sanctuary has sufficient wild ungulates to support a population of lions 17 transects totaling 461 km were surveyed over an area of 280 km2 in early 2005. The density of potential ungulate prey was 13 animals km−2. There are also c. 2,500 feral cattle, left behind by translocated villagers; the cattle are considered to be buffer prey in case droughts adversely affect the populations of wild ungulates. Control of poaching, moving of two villages, grassland management and building a rubble wall around the Division to keep out livestock would lead to a substantial rise in the population of ungulates (to c. 20 animals km−2) by the end of 2007. This density would support the first group of five lions (three females and two males) due to be reintroduced in the beginning of 2008. Even if all the three females raise cubs there will be sufficient wild prey by the end of 2009 to support the males, females and cubs.
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Shin, Prof Dong Ah. "The Catheter Tip Position and Effects of Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty in Patients with Lumbar Disc Disease During 6-Months of Follow-up." Pain Physician 5;17, no. 5;9 (September 14, 2014): E599—E608. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/e599.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) is a minimally invasive intervention designed to treat neck, back, and low back pain. The efficacy of lumbar PEN has been relatively well investigated, but clinical effectiveness according to catheter position has not yet been established. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between the ventral and dorsal positions of the catheter tip during lumbar PEN procedures using a retrospective review series. Methods: A total of 303 patients with back pain from single-level lumbar disc disease with and without radiculopathy were included in this study. In all patients, an attempt was made to place the catheter tip in the ventral position to maximize theoretical clinical improvement; however, several catheters failed to reach the desired position. Patients were assigned to 2 groups after lumbar PEN procedures were completed: those with catheters in the ventral position (Ventral group) and those with catheters in the dorsal position (Dorsal group). Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for back pain and leg pain at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Results: The only demographic difference observed between the 2 groups (Ventral and Dorsal groups) was an elongated symptom duration in the Dorsal group compared to the Ventral group (16.1 vs. 9.4 months, P = 0.013). The VAS (back) scores during the follow-up period (1, 3, and 6 months) were similar between the 2 groups. In one area of the VAS scoring (leg), the Ventral group showed a similar effect at postoperative one month compared to the Dorsal group, but significantly improved at postoperative 3 and 6 months (1.3 and 0.9 in ventral group, and 1.9 and 1.4 in dorsal group, respectively; P = 0.002 and 0.010). Odom’s criteria were also significantly improved over 6 months in the Ventral group compared to the Dorsal group. Limitations: This study was a retrospective analysis with a relatively short follow-up duration was not a randomized, controlled study. Therefore, the clinical effects of the catheter position could be confounded by other variables. Conclusion: In this short-term follow-up study, the effects of lumbar PEN on VAS scores were different according to the position of the catheter tip in patients with single-level lumbar disc herniation. Better outcomes in the Ventral group may have been achieved by more localized treatment with a selective block in the epidural space closer to the dorsal root ganglion and ventral aspect of the nerve root. Key words: Lumbar disc disease, pain management, percutaneous epidural neuroplasty, catheter position, dorsal, ventral