Journal articles: 'Leyte island (philippines)'

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MAJIMA, Ryuichi, Tomoki KASE, Shungo KAWAGATA, Yolanda M. AGUILAR, Kyoko HAGINO, and Masao MAEDA. "Fossil Cold-seep Assemblages from Leyte Island, Philippines." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 116, no. 5 (2007): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.116.5_643.

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Heaney, Lawrence R., Paul D. Heideman, Eric A. Rickart, Ruth B. Utzurrum, and J. S. H. Klompen. "Elevational zonation of mammals in the central Philippines." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 3 (August 1989): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003643.

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ABSTRACTTrapping and netting of small mammals on a land-bridge island (Leyte) and on an oceanic island (Negros) revealed similar patterns of elevational change in abundance and species richness. Fruit bats (Pteropodidae) reached their greatest local densities in agricultural areas, and were least abundant in montane mossy forest. The fruit bats found to be common in agri-cultural areas are widespread in Southeast Asia: in contrast, species that were most common in forested areas are Philippine endemics. Fruit bat abundance was greater on the oceanic island than on the land-bridge island. Trappable small mammals (families Soricidae and Muridae) showed no change in species richness with increasing elevation, but did show a gradual increase in overall abundance. Even though the oceanic island was depauperate of non-volant mammal species, it had the higher abundance of non-volant mammal individuals; however, this may have been due primarily to differences associated with the elevation of sampling sites. Murid rodents at the higher elevations on Leyte tend to be those that are members of the old endemic group of Philippine murids, and those at lower elevations tend to be members of more recently arrived groups. Most non-volant small mammals at all elevations on the oceanic Negros, and in agri-cultural areas on Leyte, are non-native species.

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Dela Paz, Erica S. P., Maria K. Hołyńska, and Rey Donne S. Papa. "Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) in the major Visayas Islands (central Philippines)." Crustaceana 89, no. 6-7 (2016): 787–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003547.

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Our knowledge of the freshwater cyclopid copepods of the Visayas Islands remains poor as compared to other terrestrial and aquatic fauna. This study focuses on two genera, Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops, which are common components of lake plankton communities. This study included specimens collected from 59 sampling sites found in major islands (Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Samar) and a small island (Pacijan) in the Visayas region. Four species of Mesocyclops and three species of Thermocyclops were identified. This includes the first record of Mesocyclops woutersi in the Philippines, which was so far unknown from insular SE Asia. The endemic Mesocyclops microlasius, previously reported from Luzon Island, was also found in Lake Danao (Pacijan Island). An identification key to Philippine species of Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops is herein provided. Geographic distribution and possible causes of the low number of species observed and their implications for further faunal studies are also discussed.

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Mas, E., J. Bricker, S. Kure, B. Adriano, C. Yi, A. Suppasri, and S. Koshimura. "Field survey report and satellite image interpretation of the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 4 (April 10, 2015): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-805-2015.

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Abstract. Three weeks after the deadly Bohol earthquake of Mw 7.2, which claimed at least 222 victims, another disaster struck the Philippines. This time, Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, devastated the Eastern Visayas islands on 8 November 2013. Its classification as a super typhoon was based on its maximum sustained 1 min surface wind speed of 315 km h−1, which is equivalent to a strong Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale. This was one of the deadliest typhoon events in the Philippines' history, after the 1897 and 1912 tropical cyclones. At least 6268 individuals have been reported dead and 1061 people are missing. In addition, a wide area of destruction was observed in the Eastern Visayas, on Samar and Leyte islands. The International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, has deployed several teams for damage recognition, relief support and collaboration with regard to this disaster event. One of the teams, the hazard and damage evaluation team, visited the affected areas in the Eastern Visayas in mid-January 2014. In this paper, we summarize the rapid damage assessment from satellite imagery conducted days after the event and report on the inundation measurements and the damage surveyed in the field. Damage interpretation results by satellite images were qualitatively confirmed for the Tacloban city area on Leyte Island, the most populated city in the Eastern Visayas. During the survey, significant damage was observed from wind and storm surges on poorly designed housing on the east coast of Leyte Island. Damage, mainly from surface waves and winds, was observed on the east coast of Samar Island.

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Mas, E., J. Bricker, S. Kure, B. Adriano, C. Yi, A. Suppasri, and S. Koshimura. "Field survey report and satellite image interpretation of the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (May 27, 2014): 3741–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-3741-2014.

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Abstract. Three weeks after the deadly Bohol earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.2, which claimed at least 222 victims; another disaster struck the Philippines. This time, Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, devastated the Eastern Visayas islands on 8 November 2013. Its classification as a Super Typhoon was based on its maximum sustained 1 min surface wind speed of 315 km h−1, which is equivalent to a strong Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Scale. This was one of the deadliest typhoon events in the Philippines' history, after the 1897 and 1912 tropical cyclones. At least 6268 individuals have been reported dead and 1061 people are missing. In addition, a wide area of destruction was observed in the Eastern Visayas, on Samar and Leyte Islands. The International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan has deployed several teams for damage recognition, relief support and collaboration with regard to this disaster event. One of the teams, the hazard and damage evaluation team, visited the affected areas in the Eastern Visayas in mid-January 2014. In this paper, we summarize the rapid damage assessment conducted days after the event and report on the inundation measurements and the damage surveyed in the field. Damage interpretation results by satellite images were qualitatively confirmed for the Tacloban city area on Leyte Island, the most populated city in the Eastern Visayas. During the survey, significant damage was observed from wind and storm surges on poorly designed housing on the east coast of Leyte Island. Damage, mainly from surface waves and winds was observed on the east coast of Samar Island.

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Palad, Lorna Jean, Christopher Mendoza, Fe Dela Cruz, Juanario Olivares, Paolo Tristan Cruz, and Kazuki Iwaoka. "MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT GAMMA DOSE RATES ALONG TWO INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES IN LEYTE ISLAND, PHILIPPINES." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2019): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz092.

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Abstract Natural background radiation to which humans are continuously exposed to come from the primordial radionuclides on the surface of the Earth. Industrial activities which concentrate natural radionuclides usually in residues and waste materials may enhance natural radioactivity on the ground via airborne contamination. In this study, ambient gamma dose rates were measured inside and outside two industrial facilities in Leyte, Philippines, to assess possible contribution of NORM materials in enhancement of natural radiation background in these areas. Ambient gamma dose rates measured at selected sites from Tacloban City to Isabel, Leyte and in nearby areas of Kananga and Ormoc City, Leyte were within the range of the background ambient gamma dose rates measured in the Philippines, ranging from 21 to 124 nSv/h. The workers in the phosphate rock storage and phosphogypsum pond areas in the phosphate fertiliser production plant received the highest annual effective external dose of 0.76 mSv.

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HUSANA, DANIEL EDISON M., and PETER K. L. NG. "On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 4585, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5.

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The taxonomy of the Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) species group (Brachyura; Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines is revised, and two new species are described. Sundathelphusa philippina sensu stricto is here restricted to the Bicol Peninsula of southern Luzon, and to the islands of Samar and Leyte. It is one of the largest freshwater crabs in the archipelago, reaching carapace widths of more than 53 mm. Sundathelphusa cebu sp. nov. from Cebu Island is superficially similar to S. philippina in morphology but can be separated by a suite of carapace characters. Sundathelphusa quirino sp. nov. from northern Luzon is the most distinct of the three taxa, with a distinctly more swollen carapace, relatively wider male pleon and a straighter male first gonopod. Sundathelphusa spelaeophila Stasolla, Abbarchi & Innocenti, 2015, is also shown to be a junior synonym of S. philippina sensu stricto.

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VAN ROOIJEN, JOHAN, and GERNOT VOGEL. "A revision of the taxonomy of Dendrelaphis caudolineatus (Gray, 1834) (Serpentes: Colubridae)." Zootaxa 3272, no. 1 (April 19, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3272.1.1.

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The systematics of the wide-ranging southeast Asian colubrid snake Dendrelaphis caudolineatus (Gray, 1834) wasinvestigated on the basis of multivariate analyses of morphological and coloration data for 131 museum specimensrepresenting 28 geographically isolated populations. The results demonstrate that the current taxonomy of D.caudolineatus underestimates species diversity in the Philippines. The following revisions are implemented. 1)Populations from the Philippine island Palawan and adjacent islands currently referred to D. c. caudolineatus (Gray, 1834)are described as a new species, D. levitoni sp. nov. 2) Populations from the Philippine islands Negros, Panay, Mindoroand Masbate, currently assigned to D. c. terrificus (Peters, 1872) and D. c. luzonensis Leviton, 1961 are referred to D.fuliginosus Griffin 1909, which is revalidated. 3) Populations from the southern Philippine islands Basilan, Mindanao,Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Polillo, Kalotkot, Catanduanes as well as Southeast Luzon currently referred to D. c. terrificus(Peters, 1872) are referred to D. philippinensis Günther, 1879 which is revalidated. 4) The population from Sulawesi isreferred to D. terrificus (Peters, 1872). Currently regarded as a polytypic species composed of five subspecies, D.caudolineatus is here considered to be a monophyletic group comprising eight species. The distributions of these eightspecies correspond largely with aggregate island complexes formed during periods of reduced sea level during the Pleistocene. However, some deviations indicate post-Pleistocene dispersals across sea barriers.

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KURE, Shuichi, Maritess S. QUIMPO, Jeremy BRICKER, and Akira MANO. "FLOOD RUNOFF RESPONSES TO T1330 (HAIYAN) OF RIVERS IN LEYTE ISLAND, PHILIPPINES." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_1393—I_1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_1393.

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Crum, Nancy F., Helen M. Chun, Michael A. Favata, and Braden R. Hale. "Gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis japonicum Infections in Immigrants from the Island of Leyte, Philippines." Journal of Travel Medicine 10, no. 2 (March 8, 2006): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2003.31779.

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DIESMOS, ARVIN C., BRETT R. SCHEFFERS, NEIL ALDRIN D. MALLARI, CAMERON D. SILER, and RAFE M. BROWN. "A new forest frog of the genus Platymantis (Amphibia: Anura: Ceratobatrachidae: subgenus Tirahanulap) from Leyte and Samar islands, eastern Philippines." Zootaxa 4830, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4830.3.6.

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We describe a new species of frog of the genus Platymantis Günther (subgenus Tirahanulap), from the east-central regions of the Philippines. It belongs to the the previously-defined P. hazelae Group) based on morphological and bioacoustic datasets. The new species is phenotypically and ecologically most similar to members of Tirahanulap, an assemblage of small-bodied arboreal frogs inhabiting montane forests of the central and northern islands of the Philippine archipelago. The new species represents the first taxon in the Cloud Frog species known from the biogeographically unique Mindanao Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex. Particularly susceptible to local extirpation following deforestation, all known species of Tirahanulap are important indicator species for environmental and conservation assessments, making this new species not only an exceptional addition to Philippine biodiversity but also an important symbol for conservation initiatives in the region.

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Araujo, Gonzalo, Christoph A. Rohner, Jessica Labaja, Segundo J. Conales, Sally J. Snow, Ryan Murray, Simon J. Pierce, and Alessandro Ponzo. "Satellite tracking of juvenile whale sharks in the Sulu and Bohol Seas, Philippines." PeerJ 6 (July 24, 2018): e5231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5231.

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The whale shark Rhincodon typus was uplisted to ‘Endangered’ in the 2016 IUCN Red List due to >50% population decline, largely caused by continued exploitation in the Indo-Pacific. Though the Philippines protected the whale shark in 1998, concerns remain due to continued take in regional waters. In light of this, understanding the movements of whale sharks in the Philippines, one of the most important hotspots for the species, is vital. We tagged 17 juvenile whale sharks with towed SPOT5 tags from three general areas in the Sulu and Bohol Seas: Panaon Island in Southern Leyte, northern Mindanao, and Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP). The sharks all remained in Philippine waters for the duration of tracking (6–126 days, mean 64). Individuals travelled 86–2,580 km (mean 887 km) at a mean horizontal speed of 15.5 ± 13.0 SD km day−1. Whale sharks tagged in Panaon Island and Mindanao remained close to shore but still spent significant time off the shelf (>200 m). Sharks tagged at TRNP spent most of their time offshore in the Sulu Sea. Three of twelve whale sharks tagged in the Bohol Sea moved through to the Sulu Sea, whilst two others moved east through the Surigao Strait to the eastern coast of Leyte. One individual tagged at TRNP moved to northern Palawan, and subsequently to the eastern coast of Mindanao in the Pacific Ocean. Based on inferred relationships with temperature histograms, whale sharks performed most deep dives (>200 m) during the night, in contrast to results from whale sharks elsewhere. While all sharks stayed in national waters, our results highlight the high mobility of juvenile whale sharks and demonstrate their connectivity across the Sulu and Bohol Seas, highlighting the importance of the area for this endangered species.

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Evans, S. G., R. H. Guthrie, N. J. Roberts, and N. F. Bishop. "The disastrous 17 February 2006 rockslide-debris avalanche on Leyte Island, Philippines: a catastrophic landslide in tropical mountain terrain." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 24, 2007): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-89-2007.

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Abstract. In February 2006, a disastrous rockslide-debris avalanche occurred in tropical mountain terrain, on Leyte Island, Central Philippines. Over 1100 people perished when the village of Guinsaugon was overwhelmed directly in the path of the landslide. The landslide was initiated by the failure of a 450 m high rock slope within the damage zone of the Philippine Fault where the rock mass consisted of sheared and brecciated volcanic, sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks. Tectonic weakening of the failed rock mass had resulted from active strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault which have been estimated by other workers at 2.5 cm/year. The landslide involved a total volume of 15 Mm3, including significant entrainment from its path, and ran out a horizontal distance of 3800 m over a vertical distance of 810 m, equivalent to a fahrböschung of 12°. Run-out distance was enhanced by friction reduction due to undrained loading when the debris encountered flooded paddy fields in the valley bottom at a path distance of 2600 m. A simulation of the event using the dynamic analysis model DAN indicated a mean velocity of 35 m/s and demonstrated the contribution of the paddy field effect to total run-out distance. There was no direct trigger for the landslide but the landslide did follow a period of very heavy rainfall with a lag time of four days. The rockslide-debris avalanche is one of several disastrous landslides to have occurred in the Philippines in the last twenty years. In terms of loss of life, the Guinsaugon event is the most devastating single-event landslide to have occurred worldwide since the Casita Volcano rock avalanche-debris flow which was triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua in 1998.

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Ara, Satoshi. "Food supply problem in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese Occupation (1942–44)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 39, no. 1 (December 11, 2007): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463408000039.

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AbstractThis article analyses the problem of food supply in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese occupation, which has not been studied in depth so far. It focuses on the interaction that took place among the Japanese occupying forces, anti-Japanese guerrilla groups, the Filipino collaborators, and the local residents over the procurement of foodstuffs. It also aims at clarifying the factors contributing to the disruption of the policy formulated by the Japanese and the Filipinos on the island. It is apparent in this study that the political and social characteristics in the province as well as the agricultural depression inherited from the American colonisation period brought about an outcome, which was different from the policy implemented in Manila.

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BELLAMY, C. L., and SADAHIRO OHMOMO. "Three new species of Coraebini Bedel, 1921 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae) from the Leyte Island, Philippines." Zootaxa 2292, no. 1 (November 18, 2009): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2292.1.6.

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Three new species of Coraebini (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae, subtribes Coraebina and Toxoscelina) from the Philippine island of Leyte are described: the tenth species of Coraebosoma Obenberger, 1923: C. viridis; the second species of Lumawigia Bellamy, 2005: L. leytensis; and the third species of Philippscelus Bellamy, 1998: P. gracilis. All three are distinguished from their congeners in new or modified keys and illustrated with color photographs of the respective dorsal habitus and male genitalia.

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Majima, Ryuichi, Robert G. Jenkins, Tomoki Kase, Yolanda M. Aguilar, Takehiro Nanjo, Ryoji Wani, Hideki Wada, Allan Gil S. Fernando, and Hiroki Hayashi. "In situ Calyptogena colonies from Pliocene back-arc basin fills in Leyte Island, Philippines." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 116, no. 10 (2010): XV—XVI. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.116.10.xv_xvi.

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Will, Kipling W. "Review and new species of Tiferonia Darlington, 1962 (Carabidae, Abacetini)." ZooKeys 906 (January 27, 2020): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.48255.

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Darlington described Tiferonia based on T. parva from New Guinea. In this review, Tiferonia leytensissp. nov. is described from Leyte Island, Philippines, Tiferonia schoutedeni (Straneo, 1943) comb. nov. is transferred from Melanchrous Andrewes, and inclusion of Tiferonia brunnea (Jedlička, 1935) in the genus is confirmed. Characteristics of Tiferonia and genera that have been proposed as closely related to Tiferonia are discussed and a unique character, the post-ocular sulcus, shared among species of Tiferonia and Holconotus is proposed as a synapomorphy for these two genera. A key to identify adults of the four species of Tiferonia is provided.

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Navarrete, Ian A., Kiyoshi Tsutsuki, Renzo Kondo, and Victor B. Asio. "Genesis of soils across a late Quaternary volcanic landscape in the humid tropical island of Leyte, Philippines." Soil Research 46, no. 5 (2008): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08012.

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This study evaluated the characteristics and genesis of soils across a young volcanic landscape in the humid tropical island of Leyte, Philippines. Five representative soil pedons (P1–P5) derived from late Quaternary volcanoclastics (i.e. fragmental) on a hillslope sequence were examined and sampled. Results revealed that the soils have generally similar morphological characteristics particularly in terms of soil colour (10YR 3/3–10YR 5/6) and soil structure (granular to subangular blocky), but differed in terms of soil thickness and clay content, which was higher in P3 than the other pedons across the landscape. The high porosities of the soils were the results of high organic matter, the dominance of noncrystalline (short-range order) minerals, as well as the isovolumetric weathering in the subsoils. All soils have very similar chemical properties (e.g. acidic, high organic carbon, low exchangeable bases), except soils from the middle backslope position (P3), which have high cation exchange capacity because higher exchangeable Ca and K result in a higher base saturation. Allophane, goethite, ferrihydrite, and gibbsite are the dominant clay minerals in the soils. Principal component analysis revealed that P3 was distinct from pedons P1, P2, P4, and P5, suggesting that it was substantially different from all other soils across the landscape. Soil formation was relatively fast due to the easy weatherability of the parent materials, high rainfall, and good drainage of the soils along the landscape. This study revealed that on young volcanic soils under humid tropical condition, topography greatly influenced soil development.

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Elfman, Lena, Nigel E. Tooke, and Johan D. M. Patring. "Detection of pesticides used in rice cultivation in streams on the island of Leyte in the Philippines." Agricultural Water Management 101, no. 1 (December 2011): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.09.005.

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Otomaru, Hirono, Taro Kamigaki, Raita Tamaki, Jamie Opinion, Arlene Santo, Edgard Daya, Michiko Okamoto, et al. "Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Detected by Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance in Leyte Island, the Philippines, 2010–2013." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2015): e0123755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123755.

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Araujo, Gonzalo, Fabien Vivier, Jessica June Labaja, Daniel Hartley, and Alessandro Ponzo. "Assessing the impacts of tourism on the world's largest fish Rhincodon typus at Panaon Island, Southern Leyte, Philippines." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 27, no. 5 (March 31, 2017): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2762.

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Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki, Jeffrey S. Perez, Jaime U. Marjes, Kathleen L. Papiona, and Noelynna T. Ramos. "Coseismic Displacement and Recurrence Interval of the 1973 Ragay Gulf Earthquake, Southern Luzon, Philippines." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0083.

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The 1973 Ragay Gulf earthquake produced an onshore surface rupture approximately 30 km in length along the Guinayangan segment of the Philippine fault in southern Luzon Island. Through geologic mapping and paleoseismic trenching, we have characterized the amount of coseismic offsets, the average recurrence interval, and the slip rate of the segment. The coseismic offsets we identified in the field were fairly constant along the fault, ranging from 1 to 2 m. Paleoseismic trenching at the Capuluan Tulon site exposed stratigraphic evidence for three or possibly four surfacerupturing events after the deposition of strata dated at AD 410–535. The average recurrence interval was calculated to be 360–780 years, which is close to that for the Digdig fault, the source fault of the 1990 central Luzon earthquake. The slip rate, based on the calculated recurrence interval and offsets during the 1973 earthquake, has been calculated to be 2.1–4.4 mm/yr. This rate is significantly smaller than the geodetic slip and creep rates of 20–25 mm/yr estimated for the Philippine fault on the islands of Masbate and Leyte. The slip rate deficit may be explained by the possibilities of underestimation of the recurrence interval due to possible missing paleoseismic events within the stratigraphic records, the occurrence of larger earthquakes in the past, and the aseismic fault creep between the surface-rupturing earthquakes.

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CORPUZ-RAROS, LEONILA, and SERGEY G. ERMILOV. "Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from the Malay Archipelago." Zootaxa 4716, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 1–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4716.1.1.

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This paper presents a Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) recorded from the Malay Archipelago covering 113 years from 1905 to the end of 2018. The Malay Archipelago comprises countries located in the maritime area of Southeast Asia between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, viz., Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, East Timor and the Philippines. Information compiled for each species includes references to the original description, subsequent re-combinations of specific name with other genera, and junior synonyms, if any, as well as the type locality, type habitat, later recorded habitats, and geographic distribution within and outside the Malay Archipelago. A historical review of explorations and taxonomic studies on oribatids in the various countries is also provided. A total of 1,030 valid species including subspecies and 6 doubtful species have been recorded from the Malay Archipelago from 1905 to 2018. The valid species belong to 323 genera, 98 families and 34 superfamilies in all of the five infraorders and two hyporders of the Suborder Oribatida. Among the component countries, the Philippines has the highest number of records at 513, followed by Indonesia including Kalimantan and excluding the Moluccas and Irian Barat on New Guinea Island (402), Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak (250), Brunei (64), and Singapore (28), while not a single species is currently known from East Timor. Most of the species known from Malaysia come from its two provinces (Sabah and Sarawak) in Borneo Island with 190, or more than twice that on Peninsular or West Malaysia with 77 species. On the whole, Borneo Island which is home for three countries has 235 recorded species with Sabah and Sarawak having 190, Brunei 64, and Kalimantan only 18 species. Aside from Borneo, the better explored islands, in descending order of records, are Luzon (346), Java (261), Samar (182), Mindanao (178), Leyte (112), Polillo (105), Bali (99), and Sumatra (82), and the peninsular part of Malaysia (78), while the relatively large island of Sulawesi has only 13 species records. Endemism to the individual countries ranges from 36.1–60.7%, the highest of which are Singapore (60.7%) and Brunei (57.8%). The relatively better known and bigger countries have lower rates of endemism—47.4% for the Philippines, 46.8% for Malaysia, whereas Indonesia, with the largest land area and earliest records, has the lowest rate of 36.1%. Overall, 608 species or 59.0% of the total fauna of the Malay Archipelago are known so far only from this region.

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Srinui, Khwanruan, Susumu Ohtsuka, Ephrime B. Metillo, and Masahide Nishibori. "A new species of Acartia (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the Philippines, based on morphological and molecular analyses." ZooKeys 814 (January 8, 2019): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.24601.

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A new species of Acartia (Odontacartia), A. (O.) edentatasp. n., was collected from Leyte Island in the Philippines. Morphologically, the new species resembles A. (O.) pacifica Steuer, 1915. The female of the new species differs from other species of the A. (O.) erythraea Giesbrecht, 1889 species group in the absence of a pair of sharp spines on the posterior border of the genital double-somite and absence of setules on the lateral margins of urosomites 1–3. Unlike other congeners of the species group, males of the new species lack fine setules along the posterior margin of the prosome. Comparison of the new species with A. (O.) pacifica by pairwise distance data for the 16S (282 bp) gene indicates that these species differ by 20–21%, while the COI gene (636 bp) indicates a difference of 16–17%. The new species seems to be a coastal, occurring in warm waters having a salinity of 33.5.

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Furuse, Yuki, Takashi Odagiri, Raita Tamaki, Taro Kamigaki, Hirono Otomaru, Jamie Opinion, Arlene Santo, et al. "Local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B viruses in Leyte Island, Philippines." Virology 492 (May 2016): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.001.

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Concepcion, Camille, Keith L. Bildstein, and Todd E. Katzner. "GIS-Modeling of Island Hopping Through the Philippines Demonstrates Trade-Offs Migrant Grey-Faced Buzzards During Oceanic Crossings." Journal of Engineering, Environment and Agriculture Research 2 (July 17, 2020): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34002/jeear.v2i0.40.

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Migration can be costly with consequences that can influence population trajectories. These costs and consequences are especially heightened during over-water travels, which can be high-risk events for birds. We created spatial models to evaluate potential migratory responses of “oceanic”, island-hopping grey-faced buzzards that encounter variation in landscape parameters and weather as they move through and out of the Philippine archipelago. We constrained the modeled routes to enter the island chain at Basco and to use one of four potential exit points in the south of the country, either Balabac, Bongao, Balut Island, or Cape San Agustin. We used all possible combinations of our three external parameters (stopover sites, water crossings and wind direction) to model alternative migratory routes for each of the four exit points (n = 20 migratory routes). Modeled grey-faced buzzard routes were between 1,582 and 2,970 km. Routes overlapped over eastern and central Luzon, along a leading line created by the Sierra Madre Mountains. Routes also overlapped and suggested unavoidable over-water crossings between Mindoro and Palawan, Negros and Zamboanga del Norte, and Leyte and Surigao. Our models suggest that the optimal migratory strategy for these birds is to find the shortest route to an exit point with the greatest possible access to stopover habitats and fewest open-water crossings under wind resistance. Understanding how each of these external factors affected the geography and characteristics of the migratory routes helps us to understand the context for different migratory strategies of birds that face dangerous open-water crossings on migration.

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Suerte, Leilanie O., Graciano P. Yumul, Rodolfo A. Tamayo, Carla B. Dimalanta, Mei-Fu Zhou, René C. Maury, Mireille Polvé, and Cesar L. Balce. "Geology, Geochemistry and U-Pb SHRIMP Age of the Tacloban Ophiolite Complex, Leyte Island (Central Philippines): Implications for the Existence and Extent of the Proto-Philippine Sea Plate." Resource Geology 55, no. 3 (September 2005): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2005.tb00242.x.

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Ghaffarian, Saman, Ali Rezaie Farhadabad, and Norman Kerle. "Post-Disaster Recovery Monitoring with Google Earth Engine." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134574.

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Post-disaster recovery is a complex process in terms of measuring its progress after a disaster and understanding its components and influencing factors. During this process, disaster planners and governments need reliable information to make decisions towards building the affected region back to normal (pre-disaster), or even improved, conditions. Hence, it is essential to use methods to understand the dynamics/variables of the post-disaster recovery process, and rapid and cost-effective data and tools to monitor the process. Google Earth Engine (GEE) provides free access to vast amounts of remote sensing (RS) data and a powerful computing environment in a cloud platform, making it an attractive tool to analyze earth surface data. In this study we assessed the suitability of GEE to analyze and track recovery. To do so, we employed GEE to assess the recovery process over a three-year period after Typhoon Haiyan, which struck Leyte island, in the Philippines, in 2013. We developed an approach to (i) generate cloud and shadow-free image composites from Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imagery and produce land cover classification data using the Random Forest method, and (ii) generate damage and recovery maps based on post-classification change analysis. The method produced land cover maps with accuracies >88%. We used the model to produce damage and three time-step recovery maps for 62 municipalities on Leyte island. The results showed that most of the municipalities had recovered after three years in terms of returning to the pre-disaster situation based on the selected land cover change analysis. However, more analysis (e.g., functional assessment) based on detailed data (e.g., land use maps) is needed to evaluate the more complex and subtle socio-economic aspects of the recovery. The study showed that GEE has good potential for monitoring the recovery process for extensive regions. However, the most important limitation is the lack of very-high-resolution RS data that are critical to assess the process in detail, in particular in complex urban environments.

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Kondo, Yusuke, Susumu Ohtsuka, Jun Nishikawa, Ephrime Metillo, Honorio Pagliawan, Shozo Sawamoto, Mitsuyasu Moriya, Shuhei Nishida, and Makoto Urata. "Associations of fish juveniles with rhizostome jellyfishes in the Philippines, with taxonomic remarks on a commercially harvested species in Carigara Bay, Leyte Island." Plankton and Benthos Research 9, no. 1 (2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.51.

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Presbitero, A. L., C. W. Rose, B. Yu, C. A. A. Ciesiolka, K. J. Coughlan, and B. Fentie. "Investigation of Soil Erosion from Bare Steep Slopes of the Humid Tropic Philippines." Earth Interactions 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei121.1.

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Abstract At the Visayas State College of Agriculture (ViSCA) on the island of Leyte in the Philippines, hydrologic and soil-loss measurements were recorded for 32 erosion events over 3 yr on three 12-m-long bare soil plots with slopes of approximately 50%, 60%, and 70%. Measurements included rainfall and runoff rates at 1-min intervals, total soil lost per event from the plot, rill details when observed after an erosion event, and soil settling-velocity characteristics. Storm events are characterized by high rainfall rates but quite low rates of runoff, because of the consistently high infiltration rate of the stable clay soil (an Oxic Dystropept). Both observation and modeling indicated that overland flow is commonly so shallow that much of the soil surface is likely to be unsubmerged. For the 70% slope plot, half the events recorded mean sediment concentrations from 100 to 570 kg m−3. A somewhat constant hydrologic lag between rainfall and runoff is used to estimate a Manning’s roughness coefficient n of about 0.1 m−1/3 s, a value used to estimate velocity of overland flow. Possible effects of shallow flows and high sediment concentrations on existing erosion theory are investigated theoretically but are found to have only minor effects for the ViSCA dataset. A soil erodibility parameter β was evaluated for the data whenever rilling was recorded following an erosion event. The values of β indicate that, except for events with higher stream powers, other erosion processes in addition to overland flow could have contributed to soil loss from erosion plots in a significant number of events.

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Campillo, Luke C., Joseph D. Manthey, Robert C. Thomson, Peter A. Hosner, and Robert G. Moyle. "Genomic differentiation in an endemic Philippine genus (Aves: Sarcophanops) owing to geographical isolation on recently disassociated islands." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa143.

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Abstract Phylogeographical studies of Philippine vertebrates have demonstrated that genetic variation is broadly partitioned by Pleistocene island aggregation. Contemporary island discontinuity is expected to influence genetic differentiation but remains relatively undocumented, perhaps because the current episode of island isolation started in relatively recent times. We investigated inter- and intra-island population structure in a Philippine endemic bird genus (Sarcophanops) to determine whether genetic differentiation has evolved during the recent period of isolation. We sequenced thousands of genome-wide restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers from throughout the Mindanao group to assess fine-scale genetic structure across islands. Specifically, we investigated patterns of gene flow and connectivity within and between taxonomic and geographical bounds. A previous assessment of mitochondrial DNA detected deep structure between Sarcophanops samarensis and a sister species, Sarcophanops steerii, but was insufficient to detect differentiation within either species. Analysis of RAD markers, however, revealed structure within S. samarensis between the islands of Samar/Leyte and Bohol. This genetic differentiation probably demonstrates an effect of recent geographical isolation (after the Last Glacial Maximum) on the genetic structure of Philippine avifauna. We suggest that the general lack of evidence for differentiation between recently isolated populations is a failure to detect subtle population structure owing to past genetic sampling constraints, rather than the absence of such structure.

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Kaltenbach, Thomas, Jhoana M. Garces, and Jean-Luc Gattolliat. "The success story of Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge in the Philippines (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of 18 new species." ZooKeys 1002 (December 10, 2020): 1–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1002.58017.

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Material collected between 1994 and 2020 in the Philippines, covering most main islands like Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Negros, Cebu, Leyte, and Mindanao and some smaller islands, substantially increased our knowledge of Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge in this archipelago. Only three species were previously reported: L. molawinensis (Müller-Liebenau, 1982) and L. sumigarensis (Müller-Liebenau, 1982) from larvae and L. boettgeri (Ulmer, 1924) from adults. Eighteen new species have been identified using a combination of morphology and genetic distance (COI, Kimura 2-parameter). They are described and illustrated based on their larvae and a key to all species in the Philippines is provided. The total number of Labiobaetis in the Philippines has increased to 21 species. Additional diversity of Labiobaetis based on molecular evidence only is presented as Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) without description. The interspecific K2P distances in the Philippines are between 15% and 27%, the intraspecific distances are usually between 0% and 3%. The total number of Labiobaetis species worldwide is augmented to 144.

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Duquesnoy, Th, E. Barrier, M. Kasser, M. Aurelio, R. Gaulon, R. S. Punongbayan, and C. Rangin. "Detection of creep along the Philippine Fault: First results of geodetic measurements on Leyte Island, central Philippine." Geophysical Research Letters 21, no. 11 (June 1, 1994): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94gl00640.

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CONLE, OSKAR V. "Hennobrimus hennemanni n. gen. n. sp., a remarkable new genus and species of the tribe Obrimini from the Philippine Islands (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae: Obriminae: Obrimini)." Zootaxa 1231, no. 1 (June 12, 2006): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1231.1.2.

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A new genus and species (Hennobrimus hennemanni n. gen. n. sp.) of the tribe Obrimini from the Philippine Islands of Mindanao and Leyte are described and illustrated from both sexes. The holotype is preserved in the State Zoological Collections Munich, Germany (ZSMC). Paratypes are deposited in the private collection of the author (OC) and in the private collection of Frank H. Hennemann (Kaiserslautern, Germany; FH).

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Portugaliza, Harvie, Shiela Romero, and Melvin Bagot. "Two potentially zoonotic parasites infecting Philippine brown deer (Cervus mariannus desmarest, 1822) in Leyte Island." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 2, no. 4 (2015): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b110.

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SORGER, D. M., and H. ZETTEL. "Polyrhachis (Myrma) cyaniventris F. Smith, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and a related new ant species from the Philippines." Zootaxa 2174, no. 1 (August 3, 2009): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2174.1.3.

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The Polyrhachis (Myrma) cyaniventris species group is established and described. It contains Polyrhachis (Myrma) cyaniventris F. Smith, 1858 and a species new to science, P. (Myrma) pirata sp. n. At present knowledge the clade is restricted to the northern and eastern islands of the Philippine archipelago. Polyrhachis cyaniventris is recorded from central and southern Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Samar, and Leyte; P. (Myrma) pirata sp. n. from central and southern Luzon, Mindoro and Samar.

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Brown, Wayne A., and M. Lee Goff. "Chigger Mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) of Leyte Island, Philippine Islands with Descriptions of Five New Species and a Key to the Genera and Species." Journal of Medical Entomology 25, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/25.4.214.

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Grant, W. R. Ogilvie, and John Whitehead. "On the Birds of the Philippine Islands-Part IX.* The Islands of Samar and Leite." Ibis 39, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 209–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1897.tb06873.x.

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Li, Huiming, Shea K. P. Guinto, Rey D. S. Papa, Bo-Ping Han, Francis S. Magbanua, Eric Z. C. Rizo, Henri J. Dumont, and Qiuqi Lin. "On Filipinodiaptomus Lai, Mamaril Sr. & Fernando, 1979 (Calanoida, Diaptomidae): redescription and re-allocation of the Philippine endemic Diaptomus vexillifer Brehm, 1933." Crustaceana 92, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 513–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003880.

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Abstract The original description of Diaptomus vexillifer Brehm, 1933, endemic to Lake Danao (Leyte Island), was elementary and lacking taxonomically satisfactory characters. In this paper, we redescribe the Philippine-endemic genus Filipinodiaptomus Lai, Mamaril Sr. & Fernando, 1979 and the species D. vexillifer collected from its type locality, using light and scanning electron microscopy and an analysis of the mtCOI gene and the ITS of the nuclear 18S operon. We found that D. vexillifer is the second species under this endemic genus. A neotype and paraneotypes are hereby designated. Also a detailed morphological comparison is made between Filipinodiaptomus vexillifer (Brehm, 1933) comb. nov. and Filipinodiaptomus insulanus (Wright, 1928). Their taxonomic characters, interspecies relationship, and biogeography are likewise discussed.

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KOCH, ANDRÉ, MAREN GAULKE, and WOLFGANG BÖHME. "Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies." Zootaxa 2446, no. 1 (May 6, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2446.1.1.

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Recently, the first part of the morphological revision of the Southeast Asian water monitor lizards of the Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) species group provided a taxonomic overview over the members of this successful and widespread species complex (Koch et al. 2007). There, the Philippine taxa marmoratus, nuchalis and cumingi were reelevated to species status due to diagnostic morphological characteristics, e.g. significantly enlarged scales on the neck region. In this second part of the ongoing revision, these three species are re-investigated using additional voucher specimens and advanced statistical techniques including canonical variates analysis and principal component analysis. Our new investigations indicate that V. marmoratus represents a composite species, comprising at least three distinct taxa. Hence, the populations of the Sulu Archipelago (Tawi–Tawi Island) and those of the Palawan region are described as new species, viz. Varanus rasmusseni sp. nov. and V. palawanensis sp. nov., respectively. The allopatric island populations of V. cumingi inhabiting Samar, Leyte, and Bohol (the East Visayan subregion) show characteristic and geographically correlated colour patterns distinct from the type locality Mindanao (the second subregion of Greater Mindanao), warranting subspecific partition of this species. The new subspecies is named V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. In contrast, the taxonomic status of V. nuchalis remained unchanged, although this species shows some considerable variation in colour pattern. The systematic chapters are supplemented with notes about biology and conservation status. The hitherto underestimated diversity and zoogeography of Philippine water monitors is discussed in the light of Pleistocene sea level fluctuations. Finally, we introduce a scenario for the evolution and spread of Southeast Asian water monitor lizards and provide an identification key for the Philippine members of the V. salvator complex.

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TRAINOR, COLIN R., PHILIPPE VERBELEN, and SERGE HOSTE. "Rediscovery of the Timor Bush Warbler Locustella timorensis on Alor and Timor, Wallacea: clarifying taxonomic affinities, defining habitat and survey recommendations." Bird Conservation International 22, no. 3 (December 20, 2011): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000530.

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SummaryThe Timor Bush Warbler Locustella timorensis was first collected by Georg Stein on Mount Mutis, West Timor in 1932, but there have been no confirmed field observations since. Here we report on the discovery of a new population of bush warbler on Alor (9 September 2009), which prompted a search for, and subsequent rediscovery, of the nominate Timor Bush Warbler (20 December 2009) in Timor-Leste. We also undertook the first bush warbler searches in the mountains on Atauro Island, and the first ornithological exploration of the mountains of Pantar and Wetar islands. On Alor, at least 13 male bush warblers were heard singing from shrub and grass beneath woodland and forest edge at 859–1,250 m. On Timor, at least 40 males were heard during December, April and July from tall grassland below Mount Ramelau (1,720–2,100 m), Timor-Leste. The song structure of the Alor and Timor birds is similar, and close to Javan Bush Warbler L. montis of Java and Bali, as well as to recordings of Russet Bush Warbler L. mandelli of mainland Asia and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi from the Philippines. The song of the Alor bird is substantially higher pitched (mean min/max 3,233–4,980 kHz) than the Timor bird (2,928–4,761 kHz) and both are substantially higher pitched than Javan birds. Recordings of Russet Bush Warbler from mainland Asia are higher pitched than songs of all insular taxa, and the song of Benguet Bush Warbler is of a similar pitch to the Timor bird. Recent molecular studies have found that divergences between Javan Bush Warbler and the Russet Bush Warbler are slight, and the high degree of song similarity of the Alor and Timor populations to Javan Bush Warbler places them close to the Benguet Bush Warbler complex. The Timor Bush Warbler is recognised as ‘Near Threatened’ by IUCN, but this will require re-evaluation. On Alor, suitable habitat is extensive and under little threat, but grassland in the uplands of West and East Timor is intensively grazed and regularly burnt. Further field surveys are needed on both Timor and Alor to capture birds, clarify taxonomic relationships using molecular approaches, and further define habitat use and conservation status. Bush warblers were not recorded from Pantar, Atauro and Wetar islands.

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Guotana, J. M. R., B. D. Payot, C. B. Dimalanta, N. T. Ramos, D. V. Faustino-Eslava, K. L. Queaño, and G. P. Yumul. "Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the Samar Ophiolite ultramafic section: implications on the origins of the ophiolites in Samar and Leyte islands, Philippines." International Geology Review 60, no. 4 (July 12, 2017): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2017.1336944.

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Lasquites, J. J., A. C. Blanco, and A. Tamondong. "MAPPING OF <i>SARGASSUM</i> DISTRIBUTION IN THE EASTERN COAST OF SOUTHERN LEYTE USING SENTINEL 2 SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W19 (December 23, 2019): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-289-2019.

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Abstract. Sargassum is a brown seaweed distributed in the Philippines and recognized as an additional source of income for fishing communities. Due to uncontrolled harvesting of the seaweed, the Department of Agriculture regulated its collection and harvesting by imposing seasonal restrictions. Hence, the need to identify the locations and cover of healthy Sargassum is vital to address the demand in the market while maintaining ecological balance in the marine ecosystem. Two Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10 m resolution) acquired on December 08, 2017 (peak growth) and May 27, 2018 (senescence stage) were used to map the presence of Sargassum in the eastern coast of Southern Leyte. Supervised classification using maximum likelihood algorithm and accuracy assessment were conducted before generating the map. Three classes were considered namely Sargassum, clouds and land. Furthermore, Anselin Local Moran’s I (cluster and outlier analysis) was conducted to determine which areas have significant clustering of “healthy” Sargassum using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). For both image dates, high classification accuracies of Sargassum were obtained in the islands. However, there are misclassifications of Sargassum in Silago (UA = 78.72%) and Hinunangan (PA = 82.35%) using the May image. Furthermore, misclassification of Sargassum were obtained in Silago (PA = 93.6%) and Hinundayan (PA = 96.23%) using the December image. Clusters of high NDVI values are more evident in December. Healthy Sargassum are apparent in the coast of Silago and mostly found near shore and in rocky substrates.

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Chacko, Soman, Roberto Fainstein, and Chengbo Li. "Introduction to this special section: Southeast Asia." Leading Edge 39, no. 8 (August 2020): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39080541.1.

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This special section on Southeast Asia features geophysical topics that cover several of the magnificent geotectonic provinces of the region. Southeast Asia is the site of the world's largest archipelago, which features more than 20,000 islands extending east to west more than 3500 miles. The extent of the offshore regions of the archipelago is many times greater than its land area. The Sunda Shelf, with its numerous Tertiary basins in the western part of the archipelago, contains areas of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Brunei, West Indonesia, and their offshore regions that extend from the Andaman Sea to the Makassar Strait. By contrast, eastern Sunda, with its pre-Tertiary basins, embraces the islands along and north of the Banda Arc, from Sulawesi to western Papua in Indonesia and Timor-Leste and surrounding seas ( Figure 1 ). The most distinguishing tectonic features of the archipelago are related to the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate with the Sunda Shelf and the areas east of it. Numerous volcanoes and earthquake epicenters trace an extensive arc of collision-related subduction zones, which makes this one of the most tectonically active regions in the world. Back-arc and other basins within the stable parts of the Sunda Shelf are the sites of significant hydrocarbon accumulation, primarily within the territorial boundaries of Indonesia and Malaysia.

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Gray, Natalie, Peter Azzopardi, Elissa Kennedy, Elise Willersdorf, and Mick Creati. "Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health in Asia and the Pacific." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 25, no. 2 (July 31, 2011): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539511417423.

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Data on adolescent reproductive health (ARH) are required to inform evidence-based policies and programs. The reports of national-level household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) are important sources of such data in developing countries. The aim of this study was to map data on ARH from DHS and MICS reports from selected countries in the Asia and Pacific regions. The DHS and MICS reports for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, and Vietnam were reviewed. Data on 128 indicators, including ARH outcomes, outcomes for babies of adolescent mothers, and adolescents’ access to health information and services, were mapped. Available data are limited because of the omission of cohorts such as young adolescents (10-14 years old) and, in many surveys, unmarried women; the omission of important indicators; and failure to report data disaggregated by age. DHS and MICS reports have limited capacity to inform policy and programs to improve ARH. A review of DHS and MICS sampling strategies and reporting templates, and a consideration of alternative data collection strategies, are warranted.

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Baehr, M. "The ground beetle genus Casnoidea Castelnau: Taxonomy, phylogeny and zoogeography (Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : Odacanthinae)." Invertebrate Systematics 10, no. 5 (1996): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9961041.

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On the basis of morphological characters of adults, the odacanthine genus Casnoidea Castelnau is reviewed and a key to the species is provided. Of the 17 species, seven are described as new: Casnoidea celebensis, sp. nov., from Sulawesi, C. ceylonica, sp. nov., from Sri Lanka, C. leytensis, sp. nov., from Leyte (Philippines), C. australica, sp. nov., and C. storeyi, sp. nov., both from northern Australia, C. malickyi, sp. nov., from northern Thailand and C. brandti, sp, nov., from Bougainville (Solomon Islands). The first five species are closely related to the widespread Oriental species C. interstitialis (Schmidt-Göbel), C. malickyi is related to the Oriental species C. nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Göbel), and C. brandti is closely related to the Papuan C. gestroi (Maindron). An Australian record of the Oriental species C. indica (Thunberg) indicates an accidental introduction. For the Australian species C. puncticollis and C. thouzeti new records show more extensive ranges than known previously. C. thouzeti (Castelnau) is also a new record from New Guinea. For C. foersteri (Bouchard) a new subgenus Procasnoidea, subgen. nov., is erected because of certain aberrant and presumably plesiomorphic external and genitalic characters present in this species. On the basis of the cladistic method as proposed by Hennig, a phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis shows that Casnoidea is a young, highly evolved genus that probably originated in the so-called 'Sundaland'. Apart from some rather primitive species or dibasic species-groups (C. gestroi-group, C. puncticollis, C. indica, C. thouzeti) the subgenus Casnoidea s. str. is divided into two more diverse species groups, namely the nigrofasciata-group with C. nigrofasciata, C. bakeri, C. bhamoensis and C. malickyi, and the interstitialis-group with C. interstitialis, C. ishiii, C. celebensis, C. ceylonica, C. leytensis, C. storeyi and C. australica. Both groups combine closely related species that apparently have been derived from the same stocks with the widespread C. nigrofasciata and C. interstitialis, respectively, and the species have mostly rather restricted ranges at or beyond the margins of the range of the wide-ranging species. Phylogenetical and chorological evidence reveals that several evolutionary events occurred within the genus and that Wallace's line was probably crossed six times independently in easterly direction by the gestroi-, puncticollis-, indica and thouzeti-stocks and within the nigrofasciata- and interstitialis-groups. The Papuan and Australian subregions have been colonised by different stocks and the shared species may have colonised New Guinea rather recently from the south. For Australia at least three independent immigrations of Casnoidea species from the Oriental region are postulated, namely by the thouzeti-, puncticollis- and australica-storeyi-lineages.

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Cedamon, Edwin, Steve Harrison, and John Herbohn. "Timber Market Information on Leyte Island, the Philippines." Annals of Tropical Research, October 31, 2007, 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32945/atr2936.2007.

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Information is essential in making marketing decisions. This paper presents an assessment of information concerning the timber market in Leyte Island, focusing on sources, how to access supply and demand information, and usefulness and limitations of available information. The sources of timber market information include (i) Philippine Forestry Statistics, (ii) a database of registered tree plantations, (iii) a barangay-based inventory of trees on farms, and (iv) tree measurements and data collected in the timber enterprise survey conducted by the ACIAR Tree Farm Project. Based on available secondary data, there are 27,635 ha of forest in Leyte that is potentially harvestable. In addition, based on the findings of the barangay-based tree farm inventory, there are approximately 2.7 M trees on tree farms on Leyte Island. Timber demand by entrepreneurs on Leyte Island has not been calculated yet from the available survey data of the ACIAR Tree Farmer Project; however, estimates show that the annual per capita timber consumption of the Philippines for 2005 was 7.8 board feet. It was found that although some secondary data on timber market information are available from government agencies, particularly the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, consumer and producer-level data are scarce. Most of the producer and consumer-level data available to date were gathered through the ACIAR Tree Farm Project.

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Gordon, Melissa. "Case Studies of Tree Farmers in Maasin, Leyte Island, the Philippines." Annals of Tropical Research, October 31, 2007, 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32945/atr2935.2007.

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Case study interviews were conducted with five tree farmers in Southern Leyte Province of Leyte Island in the Philippines. The case studies were designed to gain indepth insights into the problems and benefits of growing and managing trees from the perspective of the tree farmers. Interviews focussed on attitudes to regulations concerning the registration of tree plantings and transport of timber. Also discussed were the way in which tree farmers manage their trees, why they choose to manage a tree farm and their interactions with staff of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. It was found that some tree farmers were motivated to plant trees after receiving free seedlings from the DENR and having positive interactions with DENR officers thereafter to help manage their farm and fulfil requirements of DENR policies. Tree farming was regarded as an effective way of improving living standards and welfare.

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Nestor Gregorio, Nestor Gregorio, Steve Harrison, and John Herbohn. "The Seedling Nursery Survey on Leyte Island, the Philippines." Annals of Tropical Research, August 9, 2010, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32945/atr3221a.2010.

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Private and government nurseries in the Philippines are not delivering high quality planting materials of a wide species base for smallholder forestry, tree farming and reforestation programs in the country. A project supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has been conducted to improve the operational effectiveness of the forest nursery sector in the Philippines. Surveys involving personal interviews of nursery operators, observations of the nursery design and facilities and assessment of seedling quality have been undertaken in Leyte (reported in this paper) and in Mindanao to provide baseline information for designing possible interventions. The Leyte study revealed that the low operational effectiveness of forest nurseries is a result of a combination of social, economic, technical and political factors. The majority of private nurseries are managed by resourceconstrained smallholders with little access to high quality seedling production technologies. Seedling production, both in private and government nurseries, is largely quantity-oriented and the pathway of high quality germplasm is not well developed. Government nurseries operate to provide free seedlings but this scheme results in crowding out the small-scale private nurseries, reducing the operational effectiveness of the private nursery sector. It appears that improving the operational effectiveness of the forest nursery sector in the Philippines requires policy changes to re-organize the operation of private and government nurseries and to strengthen the implementation of existing policies regulating the quality of planting stock from the forest nursery sector.

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Bursey, Charles R., Stephen R. Goldberg, Cameron D. Siler, and Rafe M. Brown. "A new species of Cosmocerca (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) and other helminths in Cyrtodactylus gubaot (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Philippines." Acta Parasitologica 60, no. 4 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2015-0096.

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AbstractCosmocerca leytensis sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of Cyrtodactylus gubaot (Squamata: Gekkonidae) collected on Leyte Island, Philippines is described and illustrated. Cosmocerca leytensis sp. nov. is the 30

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Journal articles on the topic 'Leyte island (philippines)'

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