Relevant bibliographies by topics / LFAs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'LFAs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "LFAs"

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Tsuchiyama, Ayako, Taka’aki Taira, Junichi Nakajima, and Roland Bürgmann. "Emergence of Low-Frequency Aftershocks of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 2 (January 4, 2022): 750–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210206.

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ABSTRACT Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) generally have relatively stronger spectral components in the lower frequency range compared with what is expected for regular earthquakes based on their magnitude. LFEs generally occur in volcanic systems or deep (>∼15 km) in plate boundary fault zones; however, LFEs have also been observed in nonvolcanic, upper crustal settings. Because there are few studies that explore the spatiotemporal behaviors of LFEs in the shallow crust, it remains unclear whether the shallow-crustal LFEs reflect local attenuation in their immediate vicinity or differences in their source mechanism. Therefore, it is important to identify shallow-crustal LFEs and to characterize their spatiotemporal activity, which may also improve our understanding of LFEs. In this study, we focus on detecting shallow-crustal LFEs and explore the possible generation mechanisms. We analyze 29,646 aftershocks in the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, by measuring the frequency index (FI) to identify candidate low-frequency aftershocks (LFAs), while accounting for the magnitude dependency of the FI. Using small earthquakes (ML 1–3) recorded in the borehole stations to minimize the attenuation effects in near-surface layers, we identify 68 clear LFAs in total. Based on their distribution and comparisons with other seismic parameters measured by Trugman (2020), the LFAs possess distinct features from regular events in the same depths range, including low corner frequencies and low stress drops. Events in the close vicinity of LFAs exhibit lower average FI values than regular aftershocks, particularly if the hypocentral distance between an LFA and its neighbors is less than 1 km. Our results suggest that LFAs are related to local heterogeneity or a highly fractured fault zone correlated with an abundance of cross faults induced by the aftershock sequence at shallow depths. Zones of high pore-fluid pressure in intensely fractured fault zones could cause the bandlimited nature of LFAs and LFEs in general.
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Perju, Antonia, and Nongnoot Wongkaew. "Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413, no. 22 (April 28, 2021): 5535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03301-y.

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AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.
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Komatsu, Toshiya, Keisuke Hanaki, and Tomonori Matsuo. "Prevention of Lipid Inhibition in Anaerobic Processes by Introducing a Two-Phase System." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0570.

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The inhibitory effect of lipids and prevention of this inhibition in a two-phase anaerobic process were examined using laboratory-scale reactors and batch experiments. Lipids were satisfactorily degraded in a two-phase anaerobic filter while in a single-phase system, inhibition resulted in poor lipid degradation. Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LFAs) had a greater inhibitory effect than saturated LFAs. Methane production as well as beta-oxidation (degradation of saturated LFAs) were inhibited by unsaturated LFAs. The saturation of unsaturated LFAs was not inhibited, and palmitate (C16:0) was accumulated in the degradation of oleate (C18:l) or linoleate (C18:2). Greater inhibition was observed at low pH values. Continuous operation of a suspended-growth acidogenic reactor showed that hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of no less than 8 hours were necessary to mitigate the inhibition in a two-phase process. The fact that saturation of oleate occurred at HRTs no less than 8 hours suggests that the saturation of unsaturated LFAs in an acidogenic reactor is essential in the prevention of lipid inhibition in two-phase anaerobic processes.
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MORGAN, SUSAN, DAVID J. W. HARDIE, and PATRICK C. MACEY. "A COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ACTIVE SONAR ARRAY PERFORMANCE." Journal of Computational Acoustics 09, no. 04 (December 2001): 1583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x01001285.

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Low frequency active sonar (LFAS) arrays are complicated devices requiring careful design. Prototype LFAS arrays are expensive to construct and test. Accurate prediction of acoustic and electrical performance is therefore of great interest to LFAS designers. This generally involves solving a fully coupled problem relating the electrical drive to the resulting acoustic field. To derive results a numerical solution method is clearly the only recourse. This paper compares various numerical techniques in terms of accuracy, efficiency and overall applicability for the solution of LFAS problems. These are based around finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) descriptions of the surrounding acoustic medium. Here we consider a pure FE approach based on wave envelope elements and a combined FE/BE scheme using an approximate BE formulation. These are contrasted with a pure BE approach that has been demonstrated to provide accurate predictions of LFAS array performance over a number of years. A piston stack transducer and a line array of free-flooding ring projectors are considered as example LFAS problems. The acoustic, structural and electrical responses are considered.
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Zhuang, Han, Chun Xu, Fang Gao, Yiwei Li, Chang Lei, and Chengzhong Yu. "Recent Advances in Silica-Nanomaterial-Assisted Lateral Flow Assay." Bioengineering 9, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070266.

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Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have attracted much attention as rapid and affordable point-of-care devices for medical diagnostics. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has further highlighted the importance of LFAs. Many efforts have been made to enhance the sensitivity of LFAs. In recent years, silica nanomaterials have been used to either amplify the signal of label materials or provide stability, resulting in better detection performance. In this review, the recent progress of silica-nanomaterial-assisted LFAs is summarized. The impact of the structure of silica nanomaterials on LFA performance, the challenges and prospects in this research area are also discussed.
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Zielony, Roman. "Lasy wybranych dużych obszarów leśnych = The forests in selected examples of Poland’s Large Forest Areas." Przegląd Geograficzny 93, no. 3 (2021): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2021.3.7.

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Key issues for spatial planning and development, nature protection and forestry in Poland relate to the problems encountered in determining the area of forests included within – and the boundaries of – what are known as the Large Forest Areas (LFAs) in Poland. Even as overall forest cover in the country has increased steadily – by about 2.5 million ha overall – since 1945, the data available for the LFAs relate to measurements made as long ago as in the 1960s and 1970s. Even then, it is often unclear whether it is total areas or areas of forest that are being referred to in relation to the LFAs. There is thus an urgent need for meas-urements to be updated, with a view to the present-day boundaries of the Areas being delim-ited. Some 80‑100 LFAs are in fact distinguished in Poland, in line with definitions relating to total area exceeding 10,000 ha (100 km2) and forest cover exceeding 35%. While many of the LFAs received Proper-Noun names at one point or another in their histories, as used locally in a given region, and in guides and publications, there are also less culturall-defined areas that still await naming. Efforts to determine the boundaries of the LFAs at this point allow, not only for renewed or de novo determination of their overall areas and areas of forest, but also for an advancement of our knowledge regarding any items of cultural heritage that may be present within LFAs. Such data will be useful or essential as new physiographic, economic and tourist guide-studies are developed; and they will encourage and facilitate the more-detailed analysis and assess-ment of forest management taking place within the limits of the LFAs. In line with the effort made to achieve the above goals, this article details selected problems encountered with the delimitation of forest boundaries and areas, as these are exemplified by the Polish LFAs of the Białowieża, Bolimów, Borki, Knyszyn, Kampinos, Noteć, Romincka, Tuchola, Łuków and Chojnów Forests. Figures for overall area and area of forest were indeed obtained and are presented here for the selected examples of LFAs, which are also augmented by the so-called Dobrzejewice and Lubniewice Forests not distinguished in this way before now.
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Garrod, Gala, Sophie I. Owen, J. Kenneth Baillie, Lisa Baldwin, Lottie Brown, Rachel L. Byrne, Ana I. Cubas-Atienzar, et al. "Comparative evaluation of ten lateral flow immunoassays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies." Wellcome Open Research 6 (February 1, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16522.1.

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Background: Rapid mobilisation from industry and academia following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to the development and availability of SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs). High quality LFAs are urgently needed at the point of care to add to currently available diagnostic tools. In this study, we provide evaluation data for ten LFAs suitable for use at the point of care. Methods: COVID-19 positive patients (N=45), confirmed by reverse transcription – quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), were recruited through the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium - Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (ISARIC4C) study. Sera collected from patients with influenza A (N=20), tuberculosis (N=5), individuals with previous flavivirus exposure (N=21), and healthy sera (N=4), collected pre-pandemic, were used as negative controls. Ten LFAs manufactured or distributed by ASBT Holdings Ltd, Cellex, Fortress Diagnostics, Nantong Egens Biotechnology, Mologic, NG Biotech, Nal von Minden and Suzhou Herui BioMed Co. were evaluated. Results: Compared to RT-qPCR, sensitivity of LFAs ranged from 87.0-95.7%. Specificity against pre-pandemic controls ranged between 92.0-100%. Compared to IgG ELISA, sensitivity and specificity ranged between 90.5-100% and 93.2-100%, respectively. Percentage agreement between LFAs and IgG ELISA ranged from 89.6-92.7%. Inter-test agreement between LFAs and IgG ELISA ranged between kappa=0.792-0.854. Conclusions: LFAs may serve as a useful tool for rapid confirmation of ongoing or previous infection in conjunction with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 in patients attending hospital. Impartial validation prior to commercial sale provides users with data that can inform best use settings.
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Swanson, Christina, and Annalisa D'Andrea. "Lateral Flow Assay with Near-Infrared Dye for Multiplex Detection." Clinical Chemistry 59, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.200360.

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BACKGROUND Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are popular point-of-care diagnostic tools because they are rapid and easy to use. Nevertheless, they often lack analytical sensitivity and quantitative output and may be difficult to multiplex, limiting their usefulness in biomarker measurement. As a proof-of-concept study, we detail the design of a quantitative, multiplex LFA with readily available near-infrared (NIR) detection to improve analytical sensitivity. METHODS NIR dye was conjugated to selected antibodies and incorporated into LFAs. We used singleplex, optimized NIR-LFAs to measure interleukin (IL)-6 from 0 to 200 pg/mL and developed duplex assays to simultaneously measure IL-6 from 0 to 100 pg/mL (0 to 4.5 pmol/L) and C-reactive protein (CRP) from 50 to 2500 ng/mL (0.4 to 20 nmol/L) on a single test strip. Assays were tested on 60 different spiked samples and compared to ELISA results. RESULTS NIR-LFAs detected IL-6 in a 10% plasma matrix with a limit of detection of 4 pg/mL (182 fmol/L) and a CV <7%. Duplex NIR-LFAs quantitatively measured IL-6 and CRP concentrations simultaneously. Values strongly correlated to ELISA measurements, with R2 values of 0.9825 and 0.9711 for IL-6 and CRP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NIR-LFAs exhibit quantitative measurement at pg/mL concentrations owing to a high signal-to-BACKGROUND ratio and robust detection antibody clearance through the test strip. Moreover, NIR-LFAs are able to detect molecules present at vastly different concentrations in multiplex format and compare favorably to ELISAs. LFAs with direct NIR detection may be a valuable tool for biomarker evaluation in the point-of-care setting.
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Friggens, N. C., T. H. McClelland, I. Kyriazakis, and M. Shanks. "An Assessment of Growth Potential in Small Sized British Sheep Breeds." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002434x.

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Lamb producers in the Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) of the European Community appear, for different reasons, to be constrained by the economic value of the indigenous small-sized sheep breeds. The trial reported here forms part of a collaborative project whose overall aim is to improve the quality and marketability of sheep meat produced in the LFAs. The objective of this trial was to assess the growth potential of nine small sized sheep breeds, across three centres, providing a basis for subsequent production work. The three collaborating centres in Greece (paper no. 112), Spain (paper no. 26) and Scotland used indigenous breeds appropriate to their LFAs. The three British breeds studied were Scottish Blackface (SB), Welsh Mountain (WM), and Shetland (SH).
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Zhou, Zijie, Anouk van Hooij, Richard Vervenne, Claudia C. Sombroek, Elisa M. Tjon Kon Fat, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens, Frank Verreck, and Annemieke Geluk. "Quantitative Rapid Test for Detection and Monitoring of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates." Biology 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121260.

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Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are relevant models to study the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate the potential of TB therapies, but rapid tools allowing diagnosis of active pulmonary TB in NHPs are lacking. This study investigates whether low complexity lateral flow assays utilizing upconverting reporter particles (UCP-LFAs) developed for rapid detection of human serum proteins can be applied to detect and monitor active pulmonary TB in NHPs. UCP-LFAs were used to assess serum proteins levels and changes in relation to the MTB challenge dosage, lung pathology, treatment, and disease outcome in experimentally MTB-infected macaques. Serum levels of SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 showed a significant increase after MTB infection in rhesus macaques and correlated with disease severity as determined by pathology scoring. Moreover, these biomarkers could sensitively detect the reduction of bacterial levels in the lungs of macaques due to BCG vaccination or drug treatment. Quantitative measurements by rapid UCP-LFAs specific for SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 in serum can be utilized to detect active progressive pulmonary TB in macaques. The UCP-LFAs thus offer a low-cost, convenient, and minimally invasive diagnostic tool that can be applied in studies on TB vaccine and drug development involving macaques.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LFAs"

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Sharifi, Mokhtarian Faranak. "Mathematical programming with LFS functions." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56762.

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Differentiable functions with a locally flat surface (LFS) have been recently introduced and studied in convex optimization. Here we extend this motion in two directions: to non-smooth convex and smooth generalized convex functions. An important feature of these functions is that the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition is both necessary and sufficient for optimality. Then we use the properties of linear LFS functions and basic point-to-set topology to study the "inverse" programming problem. In this problem, a feasible, but nonoptimal, point is made optimal by stable perturbations of the parameters. The results are applied to a case study in optimal production planning.
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Sobotková, Kateřina. "Program rozvoje venkova v období 2007-2013: Hodnocení plateb za přírodní znevýhodnění poskytované v horských oblastech a plateb poskytovaných v jiných znevýhodněných oblastech (LFA)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165554.

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This thesis deals with the meaning of agriculture in the country area and its effect on the development of the rural areas. My goal is to evaluate the actual realization of resources, which are spent on the support of farmers, who practice in areas with less favourable conditions. This is performed on a regional analysis of the number of handed and accepted requests and on the amount of the land usage in disadvantaged areas with the result that my thesis will concentrate on the evaluation of a regional differentiation. This diploma work will deal with the issue of what kind of the Czech agricultural disadvantaged areas happen to use the financial resources in terms of LFA, and what are the main factors of such differentiation in the relation with the aims of this support. The theoretical part of this thesis targets on the country development and the meaning of agriculture in the country area. It describes methods and approaches of determination of the rural area and less-favoured areas. It also characterizes the Rural Development policy in Czech Republic. The analytical part of this work contains a regional payment analysis (in the concept of the rural area) for a natural disadvantage provided in the mountain areas, and payments provided in other less-favoured areas (LFA) in the programming period 2007-2013 in the Czech Republic. For this regional analysis there are used data especially from the implementation organ SZIF, data from the Agricultural Accounting Data Network FADN, and finally data from the Annual Report of the Rural Development Program. Such data are interpreted on the basis of the method of cartographical projection. Farther, this thesis tries to find out if the aim of such action is realized. On account of the performed analysis, my thesis summarizes acquired findings and draws consecutive conclusions from the realization of support.
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Trujillo-Cortez, Refugio. "LFS functions in stable bilevel programming." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37171.pdf.

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Hourmant, Maryvonne. "Immunointervention par un anticorps monoclonal anti-lfa1 en transplantation renale." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT01VS.

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Pyszniak, Andrew M. "Regulation of LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) function." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25139.pdf.

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Ebser, Jan [Verfasser]. "Mikroskopische Charakterisierung von LFCs für dünne multikristalline Si-Solarzellen / Jan Ebser." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126968986/34.

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Silva, Silmara Araujo Amaral da. "Efeito de tityustoxina gama marcada com tecnecio 99m sobre o sistema colinérgico central em ratos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/LFSA-7TGGFB.

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The scorpion toxin, TiTX- , affects central nervous system even when injected by subcutaneous via, as it happens in scorpion stings. However, there is no direct evidence of its presence in brain in this circumstance. The goal in this work was to demonstrate that TiTX- can cross the blood-brain barrier in young well-nourished and malnourished animals, reaching the brain and inducing the acetylcholine release. Four groups of rats were used: NC (normal control); NE (normal stimulated by toxin injection); DC (malnourished control); DE (malnourished stimulated by toxin injection). The malnourished groups received 60% of the diet consumed by the well-nourished groups. At 21 days of life, the groups NE and DE received intraperitoneal injection of [99mTc]-TiTX-ã and the groups NC and DC received intraperitoneal injection of the medium used for technetium labeling. After ninety minutes animals were decapitated and the radioactivity in their brain was counted in gamma scintillation equipment. The brains were homogenized and aliquots used to assay acetylcholine by chemiluminescent procedure. The food restriction decreased body and brain weight of the malnourished animals 24.63 } 1.13 g; 0.94 } 0.06, respectively, in relation to well nourished animals 41.62 } 7.01 g; 1.09 } 0.04 g. The well-nourished animals took 50% more radioactive toxin, evaluated by cpm in the organ related to that injected, than that in the malnourished animals (0,33 } 0,04% versus 0,17 } 0,06%). TiTX- crossed brains blood barrier in all animals that received toxin injection promoting increase in the acetylcholine concentration in brain of the animals and in greater quantity in well nourished rats (nmol ACh/g de tecido } EPM): NC 1,80 } 0,44; NE 3,15 } 0,75; DC 1,22 } 0,47 e DE 2,17 } 0,21. It is concluded that TiTX- cross the blood-brain barrier and fulfills its function, as already proved, activating sodium channels and augmenting acetylcholine concentration in the central nervous system.
A toxina escorpionica, TiTX-, tem efeito no sistema nervoso central mesmo quando injetada por via subcutanea, como acontece nas picadas por escorpiao. Contudo, nao ha evidencia direta de sua presenca no encefalo nessa circunstancia. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi demonstrar que a TiTX- pode atravessar a barreira hematoencefalica de animais jovens normonutridos e desnutridos, atingindo o cerebro e induzindo a liberacao de acetilcolina. Foram utilizados quatro grupos de animais: NC (normal controle); NE (normal estimulado pela injecao de toxina); DC (desnutrido controle); DE (desnutrido estimulado pela injecao de toxina). Os grupos desnutridos receberam 60% da dieta consumida pelos grupos normonutridos. Aos 21 dias de vida, os grupos NE e DE receberam injecao intraperitoneal de [99mTc]-TiTX-ã e os grupos NC e DC receberam injecao via intraperitoneal do meio utilizado para marcacao com tecnecio. Apos noventa minutos os animais foram entao decapitados e a radioatividade em seus cerebros foi contada em cintilador gama. Os cerebros foram homogeneizados e aliquotas usadas para o ensaio quimioluminescente de acetilcolina. A restricao alimentar diminuiu o peso corporal e encefalico dos animais desnutridos 24,63 } 1,13 g; 0,94 } 0,06g, respectivamente, em relacao aos animais normais 41,62 } 7,01g; 1,09 } 0,04g. Os animais normonutridos captaram 50% mais toxina radioativa, avaliada por cpm existente no orgao em relacao aquela injetada, do que os animais desnutridos (0,33 } 0,04% versus 0,17 } 0,06%). TiTX- foi capaz de atravessar a barreira hematoencefalica de todos os animais que receberam injecao de toxina provocando aumento na concentracao de acetilcolina no cerebro desses animais e em maior quantidade nos animais normonutridos (nmol ACh/g de tecido } EPM): NC 1,80 } 0,44; NE 3,15 } 0,75; DC 1,22 } 0,47 e DE 2,17 } 0,21. Conclui-se que TiTX- atravessa a barreira hematoencefalica e exerce sua funcao, ja comprovada, de ativar canais de sodio aumentando a concentracao de acetilcolina no sistema nervoso central.
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Leite, Elaine Amaral. "Avaliação da toxicidade aguda e atividade antitumoral de lipossomas pH-sensíveis de longa circulação contendo cisplatina." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/LFSA-87UPWG.

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Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world, with chemotherapy being a valuable alternative for the disease treatment. Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most active cytotoxic agents and has been commonly used as first line chemotherapy against several tumors. However, the effectiveness of its clinical use is limited by severe side effects, mainly nephrotoxicity, and its tendency to provoke chemoresistance. New nanostructured carriers, pH-sensitive and long-circulating liposomes containing CDDP were developed aiming to promove a more selective administration of CDDP to cancer cells that may contribute to a decrease in or elimination of toxicity and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. This work presents the pre-clinical evaluation of SpHL-CDDP focusing on acute toxicity after its administration by intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) route in healtly Swiss mice and antitumoral efficacy after administration by IV route in Ehrlich solid tumorbearing Swiss mice. For acute toxicity study, animals received different doses of free CDDP or SpHL-CDDP and the parameters evaluated included: body weight variation, LD50 and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) determination, hematological and biochemical analysis as well as histopathological evaluation of kidneys, liver, spleen and bone marrow. The results showed a greater loss of body weight in mice treated with free CDDP than those treated with SpHL-CDDP, after administration by IP and IV route. The LD50 and MTD were significantly increased in male and female mice after SpHL-CDDP treatment compared with free CDDP treatment, in both routes investigated. Hematological parameters alterations were observed after administration of low doses of free CDDP (5 and 10 mg/kg) by IP route, while by IV route these alterations only occurred after the administration of high doses (20 mg/kg). These findings associated to the morphological alterations confirmed the mielossupressor effect of CDDP treatment. On the other hand, SpHL-CDDP treatment provoked no modification over hematological parameters indicating the absence of myelotoxicity. As regards nephrotoxicity, free CDDP treatment caused significant alterations in the blood urea, creatinine levels and urea/creatinine index of male and female mice. In addition, the microscopic examination of kidneys revelead a severe toxic tubular necrosis. In contrast, slight alterations of biochemistry parameters and absence of histopathological modifications were observed in mice 29 treated with SpHL-CDDP. No morphological alteration of liver and spleen was observed after both treatments by two routes used. Concerning antitumoral activity, Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing Swiss mice received three doses of SpHL-CDDP (16 mg/kg) or free CDDP (8 mg/kg) by IV route and the tumor volume was evaluated along time as well as the histomorphological characterization of tumor was performed. The treatment with SpHL-CDDP inhibited significantly the growth of tumor volume in comparison with free CDDP. No difference in the histomorphometrical features has been detected. Therefore, SpHL-CDDP treatment showed to be less toxic than free CDDP treatment allowing to increase the administered dose, and consequently, to achieve a greater pharmacological effect than that observed after free CDDP treatment. These results demonstrated that SpHL-CDDP is a promising candidate for chemotherapy of tumors which are sensitive to CDDP treatment. Key-words: cisplatin, pH-sensitive and long-circulating liposomes, acute toxicity, antitumoral efficacy
O câncer é uma das principais causas de mortalidade no mundo, sendo a quimioterapia uma das alternativas para o tratamento dessa doença. A cisplatina (CDDP) é um dos agentes citotóxicos mais ativos e tem sido comumente utilizada como quimioterápico de primeira escolha contra vários tipos de tumores. Entretanto, a efetividade de seu uso clínico é limitada pelos efeitos adversos graves, principalmente pela nefrotoxicidade, e sua tendência de promover quimioresistência. Novos carreadores nanoestruturados, lipossomas pH-sensíveis de circulação prolongada contendo CDDP (SpHL-CDDP) foram desenvolvidos objetivando promover uma liberação de CDDP mais seletiva para as células cancerosas, o que pode contribuir para reduzir ou eliminar a toxicidade e aumentar sua eficácia terapêutica. Este trabalho apresenta a avaliação pré-clínica de SpHL-CDDP focando a toxicidade aguda após sua administração por via intravenosa (IV) e intraperitoneal (IP) em camundongos Swiss sadios e a eficácia antitumoral após o tratamento por via IV em camundongos Swiss portadores de tumor sólido de Ehrlich. Para o estudo de toxicidade aguda, os animais receberam diferentes doses de CDDP livre ou SpHL-CDDP e os parâmetros avaliados incluíram: variação do peso corporal, determinação da dose letal capaz de conduzir à mortalidade de 50% dos animais (DL50) e da dose máxima tolerada (DMT), avaliação hematológica e bioquímica bem como avaliação histopatológica dos rins, fígado, baço e medula óssea. Os resultados demonstraram maior perda de peso corporal dos camundongos tratados com CDDP livre do que aqueles tratados com SpHL-CDDP, após a administração por via IP e IV. Os valores da DL50 e DMT foram significativamente aumentados em camundongos machos e fêmeas após o tratamento com SpHL-CDDP comparado com o tratamento com CDDP livre, em ambas as vias investigadas. Alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos foram observadas após a administração de baixas doses de CDDP livre (5 e 10 mg/kg) por via IP, enquanto por via IV essas alterações ocorreram após a administração de doses mais altas (20 mg/kg). Esses achados associados às alterações histopatológicas confirmaram o potencial mielossupressor da CDDP. Por outro lado, o tratamento com SpHL-CDDP não provocou modificação dos parâmetros hematológicos indicando ausência de mielotoxicidade. Com relação à nefrotoxicidade, o tratamento com CDDP livre causou alterações significativas nos 27 níves de uréia, creatinina e no índice uréia/creatinina em camundongos machos e fêmeas. Além disso, a avaliação microscópica dos rins revelou uma severa necrose tubular. Em contraste, alterações menos pronunciadas dos parâmetros bioquímicos e ausência de modificação histopatológica foram observadas nos grupos tratados com SpHL-CDDP. Nenhuma alteração morfológica do fígado e baço foi observada após ambos os tratamentos pelas duas vias utilizadas. Para o estudo de atividade antitumoral, camundongos Swiss portadores de tumor sólido de Ehrlich receberam três doses de SpHL-CDDP (16 mg/kg) ou CDDP livre (8 mg/kg) por via IV e os parâmetros avaliados incluíram a determinação do volume do tumor e sua caracterização histomorfométrica. O tratamento com SpHL-CDDP inibiu significativamente o crescimento do volume do tumor em comparação com a CDDP livre. Nenhuma diferença nas características histomorfométricas foi observada entre ambos tratamentos. Portanto, SpHL-CDDP mostrou ser menos tóxico que CDDP livre, permitindo aumentar a dose administrada o que promoveu um maior efeito farmacológico em relação à CDDP livre. Esses resultados demonstraram que SpHLCDDP é um candidato promissor para a quimioterapia de tumores que respondem ao tratamento com CDDP. Palavras-chave: cisplatina, lipossomas pH-sensíveis de circulação prolongada, toxicidade aguda, eficácia antitumoral
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Machado, Marina Amaral de Avila. "Acesso a medicamentos via poder judiciário no Estado de Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/LFSA-87UMKE.

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The access to medicines through lawsuits has been occurring frequently under the three public management levels of the National Health System (SUS) in Brazil and it is legitimated by the guaranty of the universal right to health and influenced by the great demand of medicines observed among the population. It has been causing distortions in the health public policies and deviation of public resources for the execution of the judicial orders. To aim of knowing this phenomenon in the State of Minas Gerais, more specifically the profile of the petitioners and of the pled medicines, a descriptive and crosswise study of lawsuits was accomplished with requests of medicines concerning to the period from July 2005 to June 2006. It has been evaluated the gender, age, diagnoses, attendance type in the health system and the petitioners' representation in the Judiciary Power. The medicines were described according to the registration in the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), essentialness, public financing, the existence of therapeutic alternatives in SUS and evidences of efficacy. It has been analyzed 827 processes that resulted in 1777 requests for medicines. There was a predominance of the female sex (60,2%) and petitioners with 60 years old or more (18,9%). Approximately 45% of the patients were assisted in the private health system and 57,2% were represented by private lawyers. The most frequent diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis (22,5%), diabetes mellitus type 1 (6,2%) and systemic arterial hypertension (5,3%). The most requested medicines were adalimumab, etanercept, insulin glargine, omeprazole, aripiprazole, sinvastatine and clopidogrel (20,8%). About 5% of the pled medicines do not have registration under the Anvisa, 19,6% are listed in the National Essential Medicines List, 24,3% compose the High Cost Program of Medicines and 54,9% present consistent evidence of efficacy. Among the medicines without public financing, 79,0% have therapeutic alternatives in the SUS. The judicialization in the health field may indicate failures on the public health system, e.g. when medicines included in the SUS programs are requested, and it is the result from the users' pursuit of a fundamental right. However, it constitutes an obstacle for the practice of the rational use of medicines and losses on the public health policies, since there are requests of medicines without evidence of efficacy and not standardized. Keywords: pharmaceutical assistance, public health policies, health right, judicial decisions.
O acesso a medicamentos por meio de ações judiciais tem ocorrido com frequência nas três esferas de gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e é legitimada pela garantia do direito universal e integral à saúde e influenciada pela grande demanda de medicamentos observada na população. Tem causado distorções na execução das políticas públicas de saúde e desvio de recursos públicos para o cumprimento das liminares. Com o intuito de conhecer esse fenômeno no Estado de Minas Gerais, especificamente o perfil dos requerentes e dos medicamentos pleiteados, foi realizado estudo descritivo e transversal de processos judiciais com pedidos de medicamentos referentes ao período de julho de 2005 a junho de 2006. Avaliaram-se sexo, idade, diagnósticos, tipo de atendimento no sistema de saúde e como se deu a representação dos autores junto ao Poder Judiciário. Os medicamentos foram descritos segundo registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), essencialidade, existência de financiamento público, presença de alternativas terapêuticas no SUS e evidências de eficácia. Foram analisados 827 processos que resultaram em 1777 pedidos de medicamentos. Houve um predomínio do sexo feminino (60,2%) e de autores com mais de 60 anos (18,9%). Aproximadamente 45% dos pacientes foram atendidos no sistema privado de saúde e 57,2% foram representados por advogados particulares. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram artrite reumatóide (22,5%), diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (6,2%) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (5,3%). Os medicamentos mais solicitados forma adalimumabe, etanercepte, insulina glargina, omeprazol, aripiprazol, sinvastatina e clopidogrel (20,8%). Cerca de 5% dos medicamentos pleiteados não apresentam registro na Anvisa, 19,6% estão presentes na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais, 24,3% compõem o Programa de Medicamentos de Alto Custo e 54,9% apresentam evidência consistente de eficácia. Entre os medicamentos sem financiamento público, 79,0% possuem alternativas terapêuticas no SUS. A judicialização na saúde pode indicar falhas do sistema público quando são solicitados medicamentos incluídos em programas do SUS e é resultado da busca dos usuários por um direito fundamental. Todavia, constitui um obstáculo para a prática do uso racional de medicamentos e prejuízos às políticas públicas de saúde em casos de requisições de medicamentos sem eficácia e não padronizados.
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Campos, Marcela Maria de Castro. "Estudo da remoção e toxicidade dos pesticidas atrazina e oxifluorfem pela cianobactéria "Microcystis novacekii" em condições de cultivo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/LFSA-83LJ3D.

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Water contamination by pesticides due to anthropogenic activities has become a global concern in terms of environmental damage and public health. The cyanobacteria are microrganisms capable of growing in polluted environments and their potential as agents of bioremediation of contaminated environments is promising. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for removal of the pesticides atrazine and oxyfluorfen by the cyanobacteria Microcystis novacekii and their toxicity in a laboratory culture. The biodegradation test was conducted in five concentrations of each pesticide in the culture medium WC (water culture) for 96 hours and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography coupled to detection of nitrogen/phosphorus and electron capture. The cyanobacteria showed potential for atrazine degradation of the medium in concentrations equal or greater than 50ìg/L, with average removal of 22.2% in 96 hours. In lower concentrations, 25 ìg/L, the degradation did not occur in significant values, suggesting the existence of a minimum concentration of the herbicide for activation of cellular metabolic processes. The oxyfluorfen showed significantly lower concentrations at the beginning of the experiment in the presence of cyanobacteria and a pronounced spontaneous degradation in the control group at the end of the experiment, indicating that others mechanisms for degradation is likely to happen, as photolysis. Regarding toxicity, Microcystis novacekii shown to be tolerant to high concentrations of pesticides, and the EC50 (96 hours) 4.2 mg/L and 17.6 mg/L for atrazine and oxyfluorfen, respectively, confirming the resistance of the specie. The results of this study may support further work to evaluate the potential of Microcystis novacekii as a future bioremediation agent of environments contaminated with these and other pesticides.
A contaminação das águas por pesticidas devido às atividades antropogênicas tem se tornado uma preocupação mundial em função dos danos ambientais e à saúde pública. As cianobactérias são micro-organismos capazes de crescer em ambientes poluídos e seu potencial como agente de biorremediação de ambientes contaminados é promissor. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de remoção dos pesticidas atrazina e oxifluorfem pela Microcystis novacekii e a toxicidade desses agentes para a cianobactéria em condições de cultivo em laboratório. O ensaio de biodegradação foi realizado em cinco concentrações de cada pesticida em meio de cultura WC (water culture), durante 96 horas e as análises quantitativas, por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detector de nitrogênio/fósforo e captura de elétrons. A cianobactéria demonstrou potencial para degradação da atrazina do meio em concentração igual ou superior a 50ìg/L, com médias de remoção de 22,2% em 96 horas. Em concentrações mais baixas, 25ìg/L, a degradação não aconteceu em valores significativos, sugerindo a existência de uma concentração mínima do herbicida para ativação dos processos metabólicos celulares. O oxifluorfem apresentou concentrações significativamente baixas no início do experimento na presença da cianobactéria, além de uma alta taxa de remoção no grupo controle ao final do experimento; indicando que além de mecanismos biológicos de remoção do meio, ele é passível de remoção por outras vias, sendo a fotólise uma possibilidade. Em relação à toxicidade, a Microcystis novacekii mostrou-se tolerante a elevadas concentrações dos pesticidas, sendo a EC50 (96 horas) 4,2 mg/L e 17,6 mg/L para atrazina e oxifluorfem, respectivamente, confirmando a resistência da espécie. Os resultados do presente estudo podem subsidiar novos trabalhos para avaliação do potencial da Microcystis novacekii como futuro agente de biorremediação de ambientes contaminados com estes e outros pesticidas.
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Books on the topic "LFAs"

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Statistics, Great Britain Office for National. UK seasonally adjusted LFS historical supplement. London: Office for National Statistics, 1999.

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Bosworth, Derek L. Shiftwork in the U.K.: Recent evidence from the LFS. Coventry: Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, 1990.

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Lipták, Anikó, ed. Correlatives Cross-Linguistically. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.1.

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Bachrach, Asaf, Isabelle Roy, and Linnaea Stockall, eds. Structuring the Argument. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.10.

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Kosta, Peter, Steven L. Franks, Teodora Radeva-Bork, and Lilia Schürcks, eds. Minimalism and Beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.11.

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Bendjaballah, Sabrina, Noam Faust, Mohamed Lahrouchi, and Nicola Lampitelli, eds. The Form of Structure, the Structure of Form. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.12.

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Fernández, Beatriz, and Jon Ortiz de Urbina, eds. Microparameters in the Grammar of Basque. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.13.

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Lindsey, Geoff, and Andrew Nevins, eds. Sonic Signatures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.14.

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Hu, Jianhua, and Haihua Pan, eds. Interfaces in Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.15.

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Moltmann, Friederike, ed. Mass and Count in Linguistics, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.16.

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Book chapters on the topic "LFAs"

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Marrocco, Geraldine F. "Elevated LFTs." In Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner, 317–20. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785829.ch66.

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Carnielli, Walter, and Marcelo Esteban Coniglio. "First-Order LFIs." In Paraconsistent Logic: Consistency, Contradiction and Negation, 293–343. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33205-5_7.

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Fernández-Ruiz, Antonio. "Current Sources of Hippocampal LFPs." In Extracellular Potentials in the Hippocampus, 35–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41039-5_3.

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Carnielli, Walter, and Marcelo Esteban Coniglio. "LFIs Based on Other Logics." In Paraconsistent Logic: Consistency, Contradiction and Negation, 171–236. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33205-5_5.

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Pirkle, Will C. "Modulators: LFOs and Envelope Detectors." In Designing Audio Effect Plugins in C++, 351–83. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429490248-13.

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Panagiotidis, Phoevos, and Moreno Mitrović. "Introduction." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 1–11. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.17.01pan.

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Mitrović, Moreno. "First-phase semantics." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 257–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.17.08mit.

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Larson, Richard K. "Adjectives, case and concord." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 73–120. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.17.03lar.

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Struckmeier, Volker. "Universal and language-specific aspects of adjectives." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 15–72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.17.02str.

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Hu, Xuhui. "Property, possession, and adjectives." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 187–216. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.17.06hu.

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Conference papers on the topic "LFAs"

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Barrett, Kristine, Michael Teague, Glenn Moore, Connor Woolum, and Kip Archibald. "Fabrication, Welding, and Inspection Techniques in Preparation for In-Reactor Testing of Accident Tolerant Fuels." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45675.

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After the Fukushima events in 2011, DOE-NE in collaboration with nuclear industry shifted R&D emphasis to accident performance of LWR fuels under extended loss of active cooling and steam exposure. DOE-NE has created a roadmap for the “Development of Light Water Reactor Fuels with Enhanced Accident Tolerance.” The mission of the Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) Roadmap is to develop the next generation of LWR fuels with improved performance, reliability, and safety characteristics during normal operations and accident conditions and with reduced waste generation. The ultimate goal of the ATF roadmap is to support the insertion of lead fuel rods (LFRs) or lead fuel assemblies (LFAs) of an Accident Tolerant Fuel into a commercial LWR within 10 years (i.e., by the end of FY-2022). As a step toward this goal, an irradiation test series has been developed to assess the performance of proposed ATF concepts under normal LWR operating conditions. Data generated by this test program will be used to establish the feasibility of certain aspects of proposed ATF concepts, as well as provide information to support screening among concepts; as such, it is an integral part of Phase I: Feasibility Assessment and Down-Selection outlined in the ATF Roadmap. This irradiation test series is planned to be performed as a series of drop-in capsule tests to be irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) operated by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and it has been designated as the ATF-1 test series. Current fission reactors use zirconium-based fuel cladding because of its extremely low macroscopic thermal neutron absorption cross-section, good high temperature strength, and decent corrosion resistance. However, advanced, innovative materials may provide these same benefits while increasing reactor safety margin, core power density, and fuel utilization. These advanced fuel cladding systems will allow revolutionary cladding performance and enhanced fuel mechanical designs, however, challenges exist in design, analysis and fabrication of innovative, never before tested, fuel cladding systems for in-reactor testing. This paper highlights the challenges associated with design, fabrication and welding, and inspection of innovative materials and actions taken to address those challenges in preparation for the Phase I ATR irradiation testing. The lessons learned from Phase I of this experiment can be used to guide researchers for design and analysis of future in-reactor testing of advanced fuel cladding systems.
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Wester, Michelle, and David Hattz. "Lightning Flash Detection System (LFDS)." In Lightning Flash Detection System (LFDS). US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1846643.

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Wester, Michelle, and Steve Kersh. "Lightning Flash Detection System (LFDS)." In Lightning Flash Detection System (LFDS). US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1853980.

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Robles-De-La-Torre, Gabriel, and Vincent Hayward. "Virtual Surfaces and Haptic Shape Perception." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2415.

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Abstract Lateral force fields (LFFs) have been used before to generate haptic textures [3]. We propose that LFFs can be used to study haptic shape perception. We present preliminary results of an experiment in which human subjects interact with realistic LFFs. The LFFs encode shape information in the magnitude of unidimensional force vectors. Subjects explore the LFFs and classify them into haptic categories. We found that subjects can consistently perform this classification. This and subjects’ qualitative judgments of the stimuli suggest that haptic interaction with LFFs resembles the experience of touching a real 3D object.
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Eto, Hiroaki, Koji Iizuka, Ryo Nishigochi, Tomoki Ikoma, Yasuhiro Aida, and Koichi Masuda. "Effect of Coal Loading Conditions on Structural Characteristics of LFTS." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96482.

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Abstract Indonesia is a main country supplying coal in the Asia-Pacific region, it is important to ensure a stable coal supply to Japan. Because the topography of the seabed near East Kalimantan Island, Indonesia’s main coal production area, is shallow, it is difficult for bulk carriers to reach the coast. Therefore, Large-Scale Floating Coal Transshipment Station (LFTS) was proposed, which will be used as a relay base between coal-barging barges from land and bulk carriers offshore. Installing an LFTS offshore from East Kalimantan is expected to improve coal transport productivity. LFTS can store coal equivalent to five times the capacity of one bulk carrier (total 500,000T), and can accommodate 2 bulk carriers at the same time during offloading. The scale of LFTS is 590m × 160m. The LFTS has a flat spread and the elastic behavior becomes the dominant Structure. The upper part of the LFTS is different rigidity partly because the partition wall to be loaded by dividing the coal into each quality is provided. Loaded coal not only changes the draft of the LFTS but also greatly deforms the LFTS and is expected to cause local stress concentration on the structural members. Therefore, this paper investigates wave response characteristics and stress characteristics with the coal loading of the LFTS, and then evaluation of structural strength by limit state design method. In this study, linear potential theory and the finite element method (FEM) were used to analyze the static hydroelastic motion under various coal loading condition and wave response of LFTS. And, to grasp the local stress concentration occurring inside the LFTS by using the response results, a detailed model modeling a complicated internal structure was prepared. Zooming analysis which is a method of giving the deformation result by the whole model of LFTS as forced displacement to the local detailed model was carried out. As a result, depending on the coal loading condition and wave conditions, it became clear that LFTS will be in a tough situation.
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Lambrechts, Paul, Jan Terlouw, Samir Bennani, and Maarten Steinbuch. "Parametric Uncertainty Modeling using LFTs." In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4792853.

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Eto, Hiroaki, Yoh Shikita, Tomoki Ikoma, Koichi Masuda, and Hiroaki Kihara. "A Fundamental Study on Motion Characteristics and Cargo Handling Efficiency of the Large-Scale Floating Coal Transshipment Station." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77727.

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This paper describes the motion characteristics and cargo handling efficiency of the Large-Scale Floating Coal Transshipment Station (LFTS). Indonesia is a main country supplying coal in the Asia-Pacific region, it is important to ensure a stable coal supply to Japan. Because the topography of the seabed near East Kalimantan Island, Indonesia’s main coal production area, is shallow, it is difficult for bulk carriers to reach the coast. Therefore, LFTS is proposed, which will be used as a relay base between coal-barging barges from land and bulk carriers offshore. By installing LFTS, improvement of coal transport efficiency is expected. In considering feasibility of the LFTS system, it is important to know the cargo handling operation rate in the target area, LFTS can load 500,000 tons of coal and the draft will fluctuate greatly depending on the loading condition of coal. Therefore, when the draft is shallow, the freeboard becomes large and resonates with long-term component of the wind load and when the draft is deep, the wave force and fluid force including the slowly varying wave drift force affect the fluctuation. Also, LFTS and bulk carrier are large-scale structures, the fluid forces acting on both affect each other, so the influence of hydrodynamic mutual interference between two floating bodies cannot be ignored. In this study, fluid analysis in consideration of the hydrodynamic mutual interference of LFTS system is conducted. And, response analysis of LFTS and a bulk carrier in irregular wave which considered compound external forces such as wave load and slow varying wave drift force, wind load, tidal current was performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the motion response of LFTS was not upset because LFTS was large. Therefore, without considering the motion response of the LFTS, the cargo handling efficiency is calculated from the response analysis results of the bulk carrier and the oceanic condition of the setting sea area. As a result, the cargo handling efficiency is satisfied in the state where bulk carrier is installed leeward of LFTS, and it was confirmed that the LFTS system could be operated satisfactorily if the installation was appropriate.
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Eto, Hiroaki, Ryo Sekiguchi, Hitomi Kashima, Tomoki Ikoma, Yasuhiro Aida, and Koichi Masuda. "A Fundamental Study on Motion Characteristics of the Large-Scale Floating Coal Transshipment Station by Elastic Mooring Lines." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18958.

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Abstract This paper describes the motion characteristics and cargo handling efficiency of the Large-Scale Floating Coal Transshipment Station (LFTS). Indonesia is the main country supplying coal in the Asia-Pacific region, it is important to ensure stable coal supply to Japan. Because the topography of the seabed near East Kalimantan Island, Indonesia’s main coal production area, is shallow, it is difficult for bulk carriers to reach the coast. And then, Large-scale Floating Transposition Station for Loading Coal (hereafter LFTS) was proposed, which will be used as a transposition station between small coal barge coming down the river and bulk carriers stay offshore. By installing LFTS, improvement of coal transport efficiency is expected. As a previous study, the motion characteristics of LFTS using a catenary chain in its mooring system were grasped. However, LFTS can carry up to 500,000 tons of coal, and the draft of LFTS tends to change greatly depending on the coal loading conditions. Besides, the tidal difference in the sea area where the LFTS is installed is about 2 m, and the mounting position of the mooring system on the LFTS side moves up and down by about 10 m at maximum due to changes in the draft and tidal differences. For this reason, when the mounting position of the mooring system is in the lowest state, the mooring line is loosened and the horizontal force is reduced, and it is considered that sufficient restraining force is not exhibited. And, when the mounting position of the mooring system becomes high, the mooring line tension increases and the mooring line may break in some cases. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to use an elastic mooring line as a mooring system for LFTS. An elastic mooring line is a mooring line that incorporates a highly stretchable material between mooring lines that connect anchors and floating body. Even if the mooring line attached to the LFTS moves up and down, an appropriate tension always acts on the elastic mooring line, and it can be expected to suppress the oscillation of the floating body and prevent the mooring line from breaking due to excessive tension. However, elastic mooring lines are mainly used for mooring small structures such as piers and aquaculture facilities, but there are no examples where these mooring lines have been applied to structures over 500m like LFTS. Therefore, elastic mooring lines are adopted for the mooring system of LFTS, systematically calculated according to various setting conditions of elastic mooring lines, and it is grasped whether elastic mooring lines can be applied to LFTS, and the motion characteristics of LFTS moored by elastic mooring lines was also grasped.
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Eto, Hiroaki, Chiaki Sato, Koichi Masuda, Tomoki Ikoma, Tomoyuki Kishida, and Mitsuru Kubota. "Fundamental Study on Elastic Behavior of Large-Scale Floating Coal Stockyard." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54958.

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This paper proposes a large-scale floating coal stockyard (LFCS) and discusses its elastic behavior. Indonesia has recently become the main country supplying coal in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there is concern that export to Japan will decrease as coal demand increases. Therefore, the trend of coal transport in Indonesia is a very important matter in ensuring the continued stable import of coal to Japan. It is difficult for bulk carriers to traverse the shallow terrain of the seabed of the Markham River in East Kalimantan to reach coastal areas. Additionally, an LFCS can be operated as a relay base for barges, and large coal carriers have been proposed for use in offshore areas. The LFCS is capable of loading, storing, and offloading coal. Installing an LFCS offshore Kalimantan is expected to improve coal transport productivity in the region. Under such circumstances, the design plan proposed in this paper can simultaneously perform independent loading and unloading without interference. The partial mass distribution and local rigidity of the LFCS varies depending on the coal loading conditions. In addition, because the structure has a planar shape, the response of the LFCS showed elastic behavior. Design example of such a huge floating structure with the great difference of the displacement is unparalleled, it is very important to clarify a design fundamental subject. The objectives of this study are to provide a preliminary LFCS design and investigate the impact of varying the mass distribution and local rigidity on not only the distribution of the distortion and internal stress but also on the dynamic hydroelastic motion of the LFCS when it is impacted by waves. Therefore, the wave response of the LFCS was analyzed under different loading conditions.
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Eto, Hiroaki, Chiaki Sato, Koichi Masuda, Tomoki Ikoma, Mitsuru Kubota, and Tomoyuki Kishida. "Effect of Coal Loading Conditions on Elastic Behavior of Large-Scale Floating Transshipment Station (LFTS)." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61897.

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Japan imports coal from Indonesia, the main coal supplier in the Asia-Pacific region. Effective and efficient movement of coal down the Markham River in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and onto bulk carriers is challenging because the river is shallow and generally cannot accommodate bulk carriers. The primary transportation system comprises small barges that are shuttled back and forth between the inland barge ports along the river and bulk carriers offshore. This system is very time-consuming. This paper proposes a large-scale floating coal transshipment station (LFTS) for loading, storing, and offloading coal. It will act as a relay base for barges and bulk carriers. Installing an LFTS offshore from East Kalimantan is expected to improve coal transport productivity. The proposed LFTS can store 5 times the capacity of one bulk carrier and can accommodate 2 bulk carriers at the same time during offloading. The LFTS is compartmentalized by bulkheads to segregate coal according to quality. This paper discusses LFTS static stability and its elastic deformation characteristics during coal loading operations. In this study, linear potential theory and the finite element method (FEM) were used to analyze the LFTS static hydroelastic motion. Due to the compartments, coal loading conditions can vary significantly and affect the local static deflection, so we modeled the overall deformation and rigidity under various operational scenarios. The results were compared to the allowable material stress to identify conditions that will produce material failure. Moreover, we evaluated operation in the shallow Kalimantan River, since the weight of loaded coal deepens the LFTS draft, reducing the clearance between the LFTS and sea bed. We found that this reduced clearance and large added mass impact the natural frequency of the LFTS.
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Reports on the topic "LFAs"

1

Hegde, S., C. Bowers, H. Gredler, and S. Litkowski. Remote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability. Edited by P. Sarkar. RFC Editor, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8102.

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Johra, Hicham. Coating Translucent and Semitransparent Material Samples for Laser Flash Analysis. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau351121322.

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The aim of this technical report is to present and discuss the influence of graphite coating on the measurement of thermal diffusivity for translucent or semitransparent material samples with the Laser Flash Analysis (LFA) method. This experimental study has been conducted at the Building Material Characterization Laboratory of Aalborg University - Department of the Built Environment, with the Laser Flash Apparatus LFA 447 (Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH).
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Bryant, S., C. Filsfils, S. Previdi, M. Shand, and N. So. Remote Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) Fast Reroute (FRR). RFC Editor, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7490.

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Shand, M., B. Decraene, J. Uttaro, N. Leymann, and M. Horneffer. Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) Applicability in Service Provider (SP) Networks. Edited by C. Filsfils and P. Francois. RFC Editor, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6571.

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5

Hall, George F., Benjamin R. Partin, and John H. Storm. Large Frame Aircraft (LFA) Fire Fighting Validation. TCA/PCA Methodology Evaluation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300680.

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Johra, Hicham. Description of the Laser Flash Analysis Method for Thermal Diffusivity Measurement with the LFA 447. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau312969074.

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The aim of this lecture note is to detail the methodology of the Laser Flash Analysis for the measurement of thermal diffusivity of small test samples. Such measurements can be conducted with the Laser Flash Apparatus LFA 447 (Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH) at the Building Material Characterization Laboratory of Aalborg University - Department of Civil Engineering.
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7

Biassoni, Nicoletta, Patrick J. Miller, and Peter L. Tyack. Preliminary Results of the Effects of SURTASS-LFA Sonar on Singing Humpback Whales. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378666.

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8

Clark, Christopher W. Responses of Whales to Experimental Playback of Low- Frequency Sound from the Navy SURTASS LFA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361300.

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9

Tyack, Peter L. Responses of Whales to Experimental Playback of Low Frequency Sound from the Navy SURTASS LFA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368308.

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10

Tyack, Peter. Responses of Whales to Experimental Playback of Low Frequency Sound from the Navy SURTASS LFA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353341.

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