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Journal articles on the topic 'Lhcb3'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Luciński, Robert, and Grzegorz Jackowski. "The structure, functions and degradation of pigment-binding proteins of photosystem II." Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, no. 4 (2006): 693–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3297.

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Eleven proteins belonging to photosystem II (PSII) bind photosynthetic pigments in the form of thylakoid membrane-associated pigment-protein complexes. Five of them (PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD and PsbS) are assigned to PSII core complex while the remaining six (Lhcb1, Lhcb2, Lhcb3, Lhcb4, Lhcb5 and Lhcb6) constitute, along with their pigments, functional complexes situated more distantly with regard to P680 - the photochemical center of PSII. The main function of the pigment-binding proteins is to harvest solar energy and deliver it, in the form of excitation energy, ultimately to P680 although individual pigment-proteins may be engaged in other photosynthesis-related processes as well. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the structure, functions and degradation of this family of proteins.

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2

Rosiak-Figielek, Beata, and Grzegorz Jackowski. "The disappearance kinetics of Lhcb polypeptides during dark-induced senescence of leaves." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 3 (2000): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99040.

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A set of polyclonal antibodies in conjunction with immunoblot technique and integrating densitometry has been used to positively identify and quantify Lhcb 1-6 polypeptides in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves in which senescence processes were induced by detachment and dark incubation for 0–6 d. A considerable hetero-geneity with regard to disappearance kinetics on a chlorophyll basis during the course of senescence has been foundamong individual Lhcbs. Lhcb 2/1 (the heavier of two polypeptides representing barley Lhcb2) and Lhcb3 exhibited the most rapid disappearance kinetics and decreased to 20 and 42% of their initial levels, respectively, after 6 d of dark incubation. Lhcb 1, 4 and 6 levels were maintained through the senescence, at a level very similar to that of fresh leaves, while Lhcb 2/2 (the lighter of two polypeptides representing barley Lhcb 2) and Lhcb 5 were the most stable of all Lhcbs — their relative abundance increased after 6 d of dark incubation of the leaves to 181 and 120%, respectively, of the value detected in fresh leaves.

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3

Jackowski, Grzegorz, and Stefan Jansson. "Characterization of Photosystem II Antenna Complexes Separated by Non-Denaturing Isoelectric Focusing." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 53, no. 9-10 (1998): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-9-1010.

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CP26, CP29 and three different LHC II subcomplexes have been purified from a carnation photosystem II (PSII) preparation using non-denaturing isoelectric focusing in a vertical polyacrylamide slab gel. The identity of the fractions was established by absorption spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. CP26 comprised a single apoprotein of 26.6 kDa and CP29 contained two apoproteins of 28.8 and 28.5 kDa. LHC II subcomplex A consisted of Lhcb1 homotrimers, and subcomplexes B and C consisted of Lhcb1/Lhcb2 and Lhcb1/Lhcb3 heterotrimers, respectively. We discuss the data in relation to the organization of the PS II antenna in vivo.

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4

Boivin, Rodolphe, Diane Beauseigle, Chris L. Baszczynski, and Guy Bellemare. "Isolation of Lhcb3 sequences from Brassica napus: evidence for conserved genes encoding LHCII type III chlorophyll a/b binding proteins." Genome 36, no. 1 (1993): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-017.

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Three closely related sequences were isolated from Brassica napus genomic DNA and were identified as Lhcb3 (genes encoding type III chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of LHCII, the major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II). These genes, as was observed for a tomato Lhcb3, contain two introns and yield both divergent and conserved predicted amino acid segments as compared with type I and type II polypeptides. One of the B. napus genes, designated Lhcb3*1, is transcribed in vivo, since it is identical to corresponding sequences in a cDNA clone. The protein deduced from another sequence, Lhcb3*2, appears as the most divergent type III so far characterized. The partial sequence of a third gene, Lhcb3*3, was also recovered. The 5′ noncoding sequences of Lhcb3*1 and Lhcb3*2, in the far upstream region, are characterized by an extremely high AT content and extensive direct repeats. In the near upstream region, two long Lhcb3*2 segments are very similar to a segment proposed as containing regulatory signals in Lhcb3*1. Specific binding of nuclear proteins to Lhcb3*1 promoter fragments was detected by electrophoretic mobility-shift assays. The evolutionary relationship between genes for type III polypeptides and the other types present in LHCII is discussed.Key words: Brassica napus, chlorophyll a/b binding proteins, LHCII type III, promoter region, lhcb genes evolution.

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5

Jackowski, Grzegorz, Karol Kacprzak, and Stefan Jansson. "Identification of Lhcb1/Lhcb2/Lhcb3 heterotrimers of the main light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b–protein complex of Photosystem II (LHC II)." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1504, no. 2-3 (2001): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00262-0.

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6

Siadjeu, Christian, Eike Mayland-Quellhorst, Shruti Pande, Sascha Laubinger, and Dirk C. Albach. "Transcriptome Sequence Reveals Candidate Genes Involving in the Post-Harvest Hardening of Trifoliate Yam Dioscorea dumetorum." Plants 10, no. 4 (2021): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040787.

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Storage ability of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) is restricted by a severe post-harvest hardening (PHH) phenomenon, which starts within the first 24 h after harvest and renders tubers inedible. Previous work has only focused on the biochemical changes affecting PHH in D. dumetorum. To the best of our knowledge, the candidate genes responsible for the hardening of D. dumetorum have not been identified. Here, transcriptome analyses of D. dumetorum tubers were performed in yam tubers of four developmental stages: 4 months after emergence (4MAE), immediately after harvest (AH), 3 days after harvest (3DAH) and 14 days after harvest (14DAH) of four accessions (Bangou 1, Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, and Ibo sweet 3) using RNA-Seq. In total, between AH and 3DAH, 165, 199, 128 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, Bangou 1 and Ibo sweet 3, respectively. Functional analysis of DEGs revealed that genes encoding for CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA), XYLAN O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (XOAT), CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN1, 2, 3, 4 (LHCB1, LHCB2, LHCB3, and LCH4) and an MYB transcription factor were predominantly and significantly up-regulated 3DAH, implying that these genes were potentially involved in the PHH as confirmed by qRT-PCR. A hypothetical mechanism of this phenomenon and its regulation has been proposed. These findings provide the first comprehensive insights into gene expression in yam tubers after harvest and valuable information for molecular breeding against the PHH.

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7

Kouřil, Roman, Lukáš Nosek, Jan Bartoš, Egbert J. Boekema, and Petr Ilík. "Evolutionary loss of light-harvesting proteins Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 in major land plant groups - break-up of current dogma." New Phytologist 210, no. 3 (2016): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13947.

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8

Peng, Xingji, Xingguang Deng, Xiaoya Tang, et al. "Involvement of Lhcb6 and Lhcb5 in Photosynthesis Regulation in Physcomitrella patens Response to Abiotic Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15 (2019): 3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153665.

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There are a number of highly conserved photosystem II light-harvesting antenna proteins in moss whose functions are unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of chlorophyll-binding proteins, Lhcb6 and Lhcb5, in light-harvesting and photosynthesis regulation in Physcomitrella patens. Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 knock-out resulted in a disordered thylakoid arrangement, a decrease in the number of grana membranes, and an increase in the number of starch granule. The absence of Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 did not noticeably alter the electron transport rates. However, the non-photochemical quenching activity in the lhcb5 mutant was dramatically reduced when compared to wild-type or lhcb6 plants under abiotic stress. Lhcb5 plants were more sensitive to photo-inhibition, while lhcb6 plants showed little difference compared to the wild-type plants under high-light stress. Moreover, both mutants showed a growth malformation phenotype with reduced chlorophyll content in the gametophyte. These results suggested that Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 played a unique role in plant development, thylakoid organization, and photoprotection of PSII in Physcomitrella, especially when exposed to high light or osmotic environments.

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9

Stauber, Einar J., Andreas Fink, Christine Markert, Olaf Kruse, Udo Johanningmeier, and Michael Hippler. "Proteomics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Light-Harvesting Proteins." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 5 (2003): 978–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.2.5.978-994.2003.

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ABSTRACT With the recent development of techniques for analyzing transmembrane thylakoid proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, systematic approaches for proteomic analyses of membrane proteins became feasible. In this study, we established detailed two-dimensional protein maps of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii light-harvesting proteins (Lhca and Lhcb) by extensive tandem mass spectrometric analysis. We predicted eight distinct Lhcb proteins. Although the major Lhcb proteins were highly similar, we identified peptides which were unique for specific lhcbm gene products. Interestingly, lhcbm6 gene products were resolved as multiple spots with different masses and isoelectric points. Gene tagging experiments confirmed the presence of differentially N-terminally processed Lhcbm6 proteins. The mass spectrometric data also revealed differentially N-terminally processed forms of Lhcbm3 and phosphorylation of a threonine residue in the N terminus. The N-terminal processing of Lhcbm3 leads to the removal of the phosphorylation site, indicating a potential novel regulatory mechanism. At least nine different lhca-related gene products were predicted by comparison of the mass spectrometric data against Chlamydomonas expressed sequence tag and genomic databases, demonstrating the extensive variability of the C. reinhardtii Lhca antenna system. Out of these nine, three were identified for the first time at the protein level. This proteomic study demonstrates the complexity of the light-harvesting proteins at the protein level in C. reinhardtii and will be an important basis of future functional studies addressing this diversity.

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10

Żelisko, Agnieszka, and Grzegorz Jackowski. "Senescence-dependent degradation of Lhcb3 is mediated by a thylakoid membrane-bound protease." Journal of Plant Physiology 161, no. 10 (2004): 1157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.006.

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11

Falconet, Denis, Christian Godon, Michael J. White, and William F. Thompson. "Sequence of Lhcb3∗1, a gene encoding a Photosystem II chlorophyll protein in Pisum." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1173, no. 3 (1993): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4781(93)90133-x.

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12

Pashayeva, Aynura, Guangxi Wu, Irada Huseynova, Choon-Hwan Lee, and Ismayil S. Zulfugarov. "Role of Thylakoid Protein Phosphorylation in Energy-Dependent Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Rice Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 7978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157978.

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Under natural environments, light quality and quantity are extremely varied. To respond and acclimate to such changes, plants have developed a multiplicity of molecular regulatory mechanisms. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) and thylakoid protein phosphorylation are two mechanisms that protect vascular plants. To clarify the role of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qE) in rice plants, we used a direct Western blot assay after BN-PAGE to detect all phosphoproteins by P-Thr antibody as well as by P-Lhcb1 and P-Lhcb2 antibodies. Isolated thylakoids in either the dark- or the light-adapted state from wild type (WT) and PsbS-KO rice plants were used for this approach to detect light-dependent interactions between PsbS, PSII, and LHCII proteins. We observed that the bands corresponding to the phosphorylated Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 as well as the other phosphorylated proteins were enhanced in the PsbS-KO mutant after illumination. The qE relaxation became slower in WT plants after 10 min HL treatment, which correlated with Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 protein phosphorylation in the LHCII trimers under the same experimental conditions. Thus, we concluded that light-induced phosphorylation of PSII core and Lhcb1/Lhcb2 proteins is enhanced in rice PsbS-KO plants which might be due to more reactive-oxygen-species production in this mutant.

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13

Wehner, Antje, Thomas Grasses, and Peter Jahns. "De-epoxidation of Violaxanthin in the Minor Antenna Proteins of Photosystem II, LHCB4, LHCB5, and LHCB6." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 31 (2006): 21924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m602915200.

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14

Chen, Yang-Er, Jie Ma, Nan Wu, et al. "The roles of Arabidopsis proteins of Lhcb4, Lhcb5 and Lhcb6 in oxidative stress under natural light conditions." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 130 (September 2018): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.014.

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15

Frank, Susann, Julien Hollmann, Maria Mulisch, et al. "Barley cysteine protease PAP14 plays a role in degradation of chloroplast proteins." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 21 (2019): 6057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz356.

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HvPAP14 is a cysteine protease found in association with thylakoid membranes. Among its putative substrates are proteins such as LHCB1, LHCB5, PSBO, and RbcL, as revealed in overexpressing barley plants.

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16

Bassett, Carole, Ann Callahan, and Linda Dunn. "Characterization of a Type II Chlorophyll a/b-binding Protein Gene (Lhcb2*Pp1) in Peach: I. Isolation, Identification, and Abundance in Developing Leaves of Mature `Loring' Trees in the Absence of Flowering." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 4 (1998): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.4.486.

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A gene (Lhcb2*Pp1) encoding a type II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCB) was isolated from peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. The gene was sequenced and compared to a variety of other genes encoding LHCB polypeptides associated with photosystem II. Similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level was highest between Lhcb2*Pp1 and other type II genes and was lowest with type I and III genes from other species. Expression of Lhcb2*Pp1 was followed by determining abundance of transcripts in developing leaves of field grown trees in the absence of flowering. Expression was monitored at three times during the first phase of the growing season and was shown to be highest in leaves which were at or near full expansion at each sampling time. These results are consistent with the function of this gene and indicate that it can serve as a marker of photosynthetic maturity under field conditions.

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17

Chung, Kyu H., Dennis E. Buetow, and Schuyler S. Korban. "Isolation and Characterization of a Type I Gene Encoding a Light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-binding Protein of Photosystem II in Peach." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 4 (1998): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.4.493.

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A nuclear gene, Lhcb1*Pp1, encoding a light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of photosystem II has been isolated from peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. `Stark Earliglo'] leaf genomic DNA, cloned, and sequenced. This gene encodes a precursor polypeptide of 267 amino acids with a transit peptide of 34 and a type I mature protein of 233 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of the mature polypeptide is 89% to 94% and 80% to 94% similar to those encoded by type I Lhcb genes of annual and other woody plants, respectively. In contrast, the amino acid sequence of the peach transit peptide is less conserved being 47% to 69% similar to those of annual plants and only 17% to 22% similar to those of other woody plants. The peach gene was used as a probe for Lhcb gene expression. Lhcb mRNA is detected in leaves of field-grown trees during June to October. Lhcb mRNA is detected at a high level in leaves of peach shoots grown in tissue culture in the light, but only at a trace level in leaves grown in the dark. Some Lhcb genes appear to be light-modulated in stems. Lhcb1*Ppl contains four potential polyadenylation sites. S1 nuclease analysis detected transcripts of the sizes expected from each of the four polyadenylation sites. All four are found in leaves of light-grown shoots and of field-grown trees throughout the growing season. In contrast, only three are detected in stems of light-grown shoots.

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18

Adamiec, Małgorzata, Krzysztof Gibasiewicz, Robert Luciński, et al. "Excitation energy transfer and charge separation are affected in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein Lhcb3." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 153 (December 2015): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.11.002.

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19

Damkjær, Jakob T., Sami Kereïche, Matthew P. Johnson, et al. "The Photosystem II Light-Harvesting Protein Lhcb3 Affects the Macrostructure of Photosystem II and the Rate of State Transitions in Arabidopsis." Plant Cell 21, no. 10 (2009): 3245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.064006.

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20

Liu, Weikang, Guangling Chen, Jiaqi Chen, et al. "Overexpression of 7-hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase from Cucumber in Tobacco Accelerates Dark-Induced Chlorophyll Degradation." Plants 10, no. 9 (2021): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091820.

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7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll (Chl) a reductase (HCAR) plays critical roles in the Chl cycle and degradation during leaf senescence, however, its function in horticultural crops remains unknown. Here, we identified an HCAR gene (CsHCAR) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and investigated its roles in response to dark-induced Chl degradation. CsHCAR encoded 459 amino acids, which were orthologous to Arabidopsis HCAR, had the conserved domains, and localized in the chloroplast. Gene expression analysis showed that CsHCAR expression was the highest in senescent leaves and was responsive to different stresses and phytohormone treatments. Overexpression of CsHCAR in tobacco accelerated dark-induced Chl degradation through enhancing the expression of Chl catabolic genes. After 10 d of darkness treatment, the biomass of CsHCAR overexpression plants was reduced. Furthermore, the value of net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, and effective quantum yield of photosystem II in CsHCAR overexpression plants was significantly reduced in comparison to that in wild-type (WT) plants. The photosynthetic protein content, including Lhcb1, Lhcb2, Lhcb4, RbcS, and RbcL in CsHCAR overexpression plants exhibited a lower level as compared to that observed in WT plants. In addition, the expression of genes encoding these proteins in CsHCAR overexpression plants was significantly lower than that in WT plants. Moreover, CsHCAR overexpression plants inhibited the dark-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that CsHCAR affects the stability of photosynthetic proteins in chloroplasts, positively regulates Chl degradation, and plays an important role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in leaves.

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21

Crepin, Aurelie, and Stefano Caffarri. "The specific localizations of phosphorylated Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 isoforms reveal the role of Lhcb2 in the formation of the PSI-LHCII supercomplex in Arabidopsis during state transitions." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1847, no. 12 (2015): 1539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.09.005.

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22

Wu, Guangxi, Lin Ma, Cai Yuan, et al. "Formation of light-harvesting complex II aggregates from LHCII–PSI–LHCI complexes in rice plants under high light." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 13 (2021): 4938–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab188.

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Abstract During low light- (LL) induced state transitions in dark-adapted rice (Oryza sativa) leaves, light-harvesting complex (LHC) II become phosphorylated and associate with PSI complexes to form LHCII–PSI–LHCI supercomplexes. When the leaves are subsequently transferred to high light (HL) conditions, phosphorylated LHCII complexes are no longer phosphorylated. Under the HL-induced transition in LHC phosphorylation status, we observed a new green band in the stacking gel of native green–PAGE, which was determined to be LHCII aggregates by immunoblotting and 77K chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Knockout mutants of protein phosphatase 1 (PPH1) which dephosphorylates LHCII failed to form these LHCII aggregates. In addition, the ability to develop non-photochemical quenching in the PPH1 mutant under HL was less than for wild-type plants. As determined by immunoblotting analysis, LHCII proteins present in LHCII–PSI–LHCI supercomplexes included the Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 proteins. In this study, we provide evidence suggesting that LHCII in the LHCII–PSI–LHCI supercomplexes are dephosphorylated and subsequently form aggregates to dissipate excess light energy under HL conditions. We propose that this LHCII aggregation, involving LHCII L-trimers, is a newly observed photoprotective light-quenching process operating in the early stage of acclimation to HL in rice plants.

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23

Pietrzykowska, M., M. Suorsa, D. A. Semchonok, et al. "The Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding Proteins Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 Play Complementary Roles during State Transitions in Arabidopsis." Plant Cell 26, no. 9 (2014): 3646–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.127373.

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24

Liu, Muxing, Suobing Zhang, Jiexiong Hu, et al. "Phosphorylation-guarded light-harvesting complex II contributes to broad-spectrum blast resistance in rice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 35 (2019): 17572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905123116.

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Environmental conditions are key factors in the progression of plant disease epidemics. Light affects the outbreak of plant diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that the light-harvesting complex II protein, LHCB5, from rice is subject to light-induced phosphorylation during infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We demonstrate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LHCB5 promoter control the expression of LHCB5, which in turn correlates with the phosphorylation of LHCB5. LHCB5 phosphorylation enhances broad-spectrum resistance of rice to M. oryzae through the accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the chloroplast. We also show that LHCB5 phosphorylation-induced resistance is inheritable. Our results uncover an immunity mechanism mediated by phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II.

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Grebe, Steffen, Andrea Trotta, Azfar A. Bajwa, et al. "The unique photosynthetic apparatus of Pinaceae: analysis of photosynthetic complexes in Picea abies." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 12 (2019): 3211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz127.

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Abstract Pinaceae are the predominant photosynthetic species in boreal forests, but so far no detailed description of the protein components of the photosynthetic apparatus of these gymnosperms has been available. In this study we report a detailed characterization of the thylakoid photosynthetic machinery of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). We first customized a spruce thylakoid protein database from translated transcript sequences combined with existing protein sequences derived from gene models, which enabled reliable tandem mass spectrometry identification of P. abies thylakoid proteins from two-dimensional large pore blue-native/SDS-PAGE. This allowed a direct comparison of the two-dimensional protein map of thylakoid protein complexes from P. abies with the model angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. Although the subunit composition of P. abies core PSI and PSII complexes is largely similar to that of Arabidopsis, there was a high abundance of a smaller PSI subcomplex, closely resembling the assembly intermediate PSI* complex. In addition, the evolutionary distribution of light-harvesting complex (LHC) family members of Pinaceae was compared in silico with other land plants, revealing that P. abies and other Pinaceae (also Gnetaceae and Welwitschiaceae) have lost LHCB4, but retained LHCB8 (formerly called LHCB4.3). The findings reported here show the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus of P. abies and other Pinaceae members to be unique among land plants.

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26

Lee, Hyoung Yool, and Kyoungwhan Back. "Melatonin Regulates Chloroplast Protein Quality Control via a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040511.

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Serotonin N-acetyltransferase 1 (SNAT1), the penultimate enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis has shown N-acetyltransferase activity toward multiple substrates, including histones, serotonin, and plastid proteins. Under two different light conditions such as 50 or 100 μmol m−2 s−1, a SNAT1-knockout (snat1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) exhibited small size phenotypes relative over wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis Col-0. Of note, the small phenotype is stronger when growing at the 50 μmol m−2 s−1, exhibiting a dwarfism phenotype and delayed flowering. The snat1 Arabidopsis Col-0 accumulated less starch than the WT Col-0. Moreover, snat1 exhibited lower Lhcb1, Lhcb4, and RBCL protein levels, compared with the WT Col-0, but no changes in the corresponding transcripts, suggesting the involvement of melatonin in chloroplast protein quality control (CPQC). Accordingly, caseinolytic protease (Clp) and chloroplast heat shock proteins (CpHSPs), two key proteins involved in CPQC, as well as ROS defense were suppressed in snat1. In contrast, exogenous melatonin treatment induced expression of Clp, CpHSP, APX1, and GST, but not other growth-related genes such as DWF4, KS, and IAA1. Finally, the induction of ClpR1, APX1, and GST1 in response to melatonin was inhibited in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) knockdown Arabidopsis (mpk3/6), suggesting that melatonin-mediated CPQC was mediated, in part, by the MAPK signaling cascade. These results suggest that melatonin is involved in CPQC, which plays a pivotal role in starch synthesis in plants.

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27

Jenny, Andersson, Wentworth Mark, Walters Robin G., et al. "Absence of the Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 proteins of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II - effects on photosynthesis, grana stacking and fitness." Plant Journal 35, no. 3 (2003): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01811.x.

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28

Liu, Bei, Di Zhang, Ming Sun, et al. "PSII Activity Was Inhibited at Flowering Stage with Developing Black Bracts of Oat." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (2021): 5258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105258.

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The color of bracts generally turns yellow or black from green during cereal grain development. However, the impact of these phenotypic changes on photosynthetic physiology during black bract formation remains unclear. Two oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.), ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Qinghai 444’, with yellow and black bracts, respectively, were found to both have green bracts at the heading stage, but started to turn black at the flowering stage and become blackened at the milk stage for ‘Qinghai 444’. Their photosynthetic characteristics were analyzed and compared, and the key genes, proteins and regulatory pathways affecting photosynthetic physiology were determined in ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Qinghai 444’ bracts. The results show that the actual PSII photochemical efficiency and PSII electron transfer rate of ‘Qinghai 444’ bracts had no significant changes at the heading and milk stages but decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at the flowering stage compared with ‘Triple Crown’. The chlorophyll content decreased, the LHCII involved in the assembly of supercomplexes in the thylakoid membrane was inhibited, and the expression of Lhcb1 and Lhcb5 was downregulated at the flowering stage. During this critical stage, the expression of Bh4 and C4H was upregulated, and the biosynthetic pathway of p-coumaric acid using tyrosine and phenylalanine as precursors was also enhanced. Moreover, the key upregulated genes (CHS, CHI and F3H) of anthocyanin biosynthesis might complement the impaired PSII activity until recovered at the milk stage. These findings provide a new insight into how photosynthesis alters during the process of oat bract color transition to black.

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Corti, Gloria. "LHCb computing." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 462, no. 1-2 (2001): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00120-6.

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30

Aaij, R., B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, et al. "LHCb Collaboration." Nuclear Physics A 932 (December 2014): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(14)00603-4.

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31

Aaij, R., B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, et al. "LHCb Collaboration." Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 2017): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(17)30380-9.

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32

Bediaga, I., M. Cruz Torres, J. M. De Miranda, et al. "LHCb Collaboration." Nuclear Physics A 982 (February 2019): 1040–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(19)30010-7.

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33

Aaij, R., C. Abellán Beteta, T. Ackernley, et al. "LHCb Collaboration." Nuclear Physics A 1005 (January 2021): 122093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(20)30418-8.

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34

Steinkamp, Olaf. "LHCb Upgrades." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1271 (July 2019): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1271/1/012010.

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35

Borghi, Silvia, Chris Burr, Marco Clemencic, et al. "Perspectives for the migration of the LHCb geometry to the DD4hep toolkit." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921402022.

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The LHCb experiment uses a custom made C++ detector and geometry description toolkit, integrated with the Gaudi framework, designed when the LHCb software was first implemented. With the LHCb upgrade scheduled for 2021, it is necessary for the experiment to review this choice and adapt to the evolution of software and computing (in terms of e.g multi-threading support or vectorization) The Detector Description Toolkit for High Energy Physics (DD4hep) is a good candidate for the replacement for LHCb’s geometry description framework: it is possible to integrate it with the LHCb core software framework and its features theoretically match the requirements: in terms of geometry and detector description but also concerning the possibility to add detector alignment parameters and the integration with simulation tools. In this paper we report on detailed studies undertaken to compare the feature set proposed by the DD4hep toolkit, to what is needed by LHCb. We show not only how the main description could be migrated, but also how to integrate the LHCb real-time alignment tools in this toolkit, in order to identify the main obstacles to the migration of the experiment to DD4hep.

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Stagni, Federico, Andrei Tsaregorodtsev, Christophe Haen, et al. "LHCb and DIRAC strategy towards the LHCb upgrade." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403012.

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The DIRAC project is developing interware to build and operate distributed computing systems. It provides a development framework and a rich set of services for both Workload and Data Management tasks of large scientific communities. DIRAC is adopted by a growing number of collaborations, including LHCb, Belle2, CLIC, and CTA. The LHCb experiment will be upgraded during the second long LHC shutdown (2019-2020). At restart of data taking in Run 3, the instantaneous luminosity will increase by a factor of five. The LHCb computing model also need be upgraded. Oversimplifying, this translates into the need for significantly more computing power and resources, and more storage with respect to what LHCb uses right now. The DIRAC interware will keep being the tool to handle all of LHCb distributed computing resources. Within this contribution, we highlight the ongoing and planned efforts to ensure that DIRAC will be able to provide an optimal usage of its distributed computing resources. This contribution focuses on DIRAC plans for increasing the scalability of the overall system, taking in consideration that the main requirement is keeping a running system working. This requirement translates into the need of studies and developments within the current DIRAC architecture. We believe that scalability is about traffic growth, dataset growth, and maintainability: within this contribution we address all of them, showing the technical solutions we are adopting.

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Ratnikov, Fedor. "Generative Adversarial Networks for LHCb Fast Simulation." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024502026.

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LHCb is one of the major experiments operating at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The richness of the physics program and the increasing precision of the measurements in LHCb lead to the need of ever larger simulated samples. This need will increase further when the upgraded LHCb detector will start collecting data in the LHC Run 3. Given the computing resources pledged for the production of Monte Carlo simulated events in the next years, the use of fast simulation techniques will be mandatory to cope with the expected dataset size. Generative models, which are nowadays widely used for computer vision and image processing, are being investigated in LHCb to accelerate generation of showers in the calorimeter and high-level responses of Cherenkov detector. We demonstrate that this approach provides high-fidelity results and discuss possible implications of these results. We also present an implementation of this algorithm into LHCb simulation software and validation tests.

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Ilten, Philip. "Probing QCD with LHCb." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 21 (2021): 2130011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21300118.

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While the LHCb detector was specifically designed for measuring heavy-flavor physics, it has also proven itself as a forward general purpose detector with flexible data acquisition, excellent lifetime resolution and charged particle identification. This makes LHCb an ideal laboratory for exploring phenomena related to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), particularly with heavy-flavor content. This review explores some of the novel QCD measurements from LHCb, with an emphasis placed on comparisons to predictions from the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator.

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Gruber, Lukas. "LHCb SciFi — Upgrading LHCb with a scintillating fibre tracker." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 958 (April 2020): 162025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.03.080.

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40

Dembinski, Hans P. "LHCb: Recent results related to cosmic ray interactions." EPJ Web of Conferences 208 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920805003.

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The LHCb experiment is designed to study flavor physics of b and c quarks. The detector is optimized for the study of identified hadrons produced in the forward direction, which also makes LHCb very interesting for the understanding of cosmic-ray induced air showers. LHCb is analysing proton-proton, protonlead, and lead-lead collisions. As a unique feature, LHCb is also studying beam interactions with noble gases using its SMOG system. We present recent measurements of charmed mesons, which are used to obtain production cross-sections, to constrain the parton PDF, to test pomeron and multi-particle interactions, nuclear and collective effects. These mostly have an indirect impact on the modeling of hadronic interactions. Finally, we present a direct measurement of the anti-proton production in proton collisions with helium gas, which are important for the understanding of AMS-02 and PAMELA data.

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Dembinski, Hans P. "LHCb: Recent results related to cosmic ray interactions." EPJ Web of Conferences 208 (2019): 15005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920815005.

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The LHCb experiment is designed to study flavor physics of b and c quarks. The detector is optimized for the study of identified hadrons produced in the forward direction, which also makes LHCb very interesting for the understanding of cosmic-ray induced air showers. LHCb is analysing proton-proton, protonlead, and lead-lead collisions. As a unique feature, LHCb is also studying beam interactions with noble gases using its SMOG system. We present recent measurements of charmed mesons, which are used to obtain production cross-sections, to constrain the parton PDF, to test pomeron and multi-particle interactions, nuclear and collective effects. These mostly have an indirect impact on the modeling of hadronic interactions. Finally, we present a direct measurement of the anti-proton production in proton collisions with helium gas, which are important for the understanding of AMS-02 and PAMELA data.

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42

Maurice, Émilie. "Heavy ion physics at LHCb." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202085.

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The LHCb detector, with its excellent momentum resolution and particle identification, is ideally suited for measuring heavy quark hadron and quarkonium production properties. Recent LHCb measurements of charmonium and open charm production in several configurations of proton-nucleus collisions are presented.

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43

Cain, Peter, Iris Holdermann, Irmgard Sinning, Arthur E. Johnson, and Colin Robinson. "Binding of chloroplast signal recognition particle to a thylakoid membrane protein substrate in aqueous solution and delineation of the cpSRP43–substrate interaction domain." Biochemical Journal 437, no. 1 (2011): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110270.

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A cpSRP [chloroplast SRP (signal recognition particle)] comprising cpSRP54 and cpSRP43 subunits mediates the insertion of light-harvesting proteins into the thylakoid membrane. We dissected its interaction with a full-length membrane protein substrate in aqueous solution by insertion of site-specific photo-activatable cross-linkers into in vitro-synthesized Lhcb1 (major light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein of photosystem II). We show that Lhcb1 residues 166–176 cross-link specifically to the cpSRP43 subunit. Some cross-link positions within Lhcb1 are in the ‘L18’ peptide required for targeting of cpSRP substrates, whereas other cross-linking positions define a new targeting signal in the third transmembrane span. Lhcb1 was not found to cross-link to cpSRP54 at any position, and cross-linking to cpSRP43 is unaffected by the absence of cpSRP54. cpSRP43 thus effectively binds substrates autonomously, and its ability to independently bind an extended 20+-residue substrate region highlights a major difference with other SRP types where the SRP54 subunit binds to hydrophobic target sequences. The results also show that cpSRP43 can bind to a hydrophobic, three-membrane span, substrate in aqueous solution, presumably reflecting a role for cpSRP in the chloroplast stroma. This mode of action, and the specificity of the cpSRP43–substrate interaction, may be associated with cpSRP's unique post-translational mode of action.

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44

Barter, William. "A brief review of measurements of electroweak bosons at the LHCb experiment in LHC Run 1." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 38 (2016): 1630044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316300445.

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The LHCb experiment is one of four major experiments at the large hadron collider (LHC). Despite being designed for the study of beauty and charm particles, it has made important contributions in other areas, such as the production and decay of W and Z bosons. Such measurements can be used to study and constrain parton distribution functions (PDFs), as well as to test perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in hard scattering processes. The angular structure of Z boson decays to leptons can also be studied and used to measure the weak mixing angle. The phase–space probed by LHCb is particularly sensitive to this quantity, and the LHCb measurement using the dimuon final state is currently the most precise determination of [Formula: see text] at the LHC. LHCb measurements made using data collected during the first period of LHC operations (LHC Run 1) are discussed in this review. The paper also considers the potential impact of related future measurements.

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45

Martínez Santos, Diego. "A strange program for LHCb." EPJ Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817901013.

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The LHCb experiment is expanding its physics program towards studies of rare decays of strange particles. In this talk, we reviewed the published results by LHCb in Ks0→μ+μ-and Σ+→pμ+μ- decays, as well as sensitivity studies and prospects for other strangeness decays.

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46

Gallas, A. "The LHCb Upgrade." Physics Procedia 37 (2012): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.02.364.

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Parkes, C. "The LHCb upgrade." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 569, no. 1 (2006): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.09.023.

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48

Teubert, Frederic. "LHCb trigger system." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 156, no. 1 (2006): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.136.

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49

Muheim, F. "LHCb Upgrade Plans." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 170 (August 2007): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.05.015.

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50

Carbone, A. "Prospects at LHCb." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 170 (August 2007): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.05.021.

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