Journal articles on the topic 'Li-accumulator'

Primarily, lithium (Li) resource development and wider application of Li-ion batteries result in Li pollution and concomitantly poses increasing and inevitable problems to environmental health and safety. However, information is rare about the scope of the remediation of Li contaminated soil. Apocynum venetum is already proved to be a Li-accumulator with high Li tolerance and accumulation (Jiang et al., 2014). However, it is not clear whether Apocynum pictum, another species of the same genus with the same uses as A. venetum, is also a Li-accumulator. We investigated germination, growth and physiological responses of A. pictum to different levels of LiCl. Germination was not significantly affected by low Li concentration (0–100 mmol L−1). As LiCl increased from 100 to 400 mmol L−1, both germination percentage and index decreased gradually. For germination of A. pictum seeds, the critical value (when germination percentage is 50%) in LiCl solution was 235 mmol L−1, and the limit value (when germination percentage is 0%) was 406 mmol L−1. A. pictum could accumulate >1,800 mg kg−1 Li in leaves, and still survived under 400 mg kg-1 Li supply. The high Li tolerance of A. pictum during germination and growth stage was also reflected by activity of α-amylase and contents of soluble sugar, proline and photosynthetic pigments under different Li treatments. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) (except control) and translocation factors (TF) were higher than 1.0. High tolerance and accumulation of Li indicated that A. pictum is Li-accumulator. Therefore, this species could be useful for revegetation and phytoremediation of Li contaminated soil.

For an electric scooter, a lithium-ion battery with a Acro Butyl-nitrate (ABS) temperature management system was developed. Without the use of active cooling components like a fan, a blower, or a pump used in air/liquid-cooling systems, passive thermal management systems employing ABS can regulate the temperature excursions and maintain temperature uniformity in Li-ion batteries. Therefore, this new type of thermal management system can provide the benefits of a small, light, and energy-efficient system. The simulation results for a Li-ion battery sub-module with twenty 18650 Li-ion cells encased in ABS and a melting point of 114 to 120 °C are displayed. There are many important advantages to using aluminium fins manufactured from 0.7mm thick aluminium sheet between the battery cells in an accumulator pack. The relevance of them is explained in the following ways: Accumulator packs, particularly those used in high-power applications like scooters, can produce large amount of heat when in use. The performance, longevity, and safety of battery cells are all significantly impacted by heat. Aluminium fins serve as heat sinks and enhance heat dissipation by boosting the amount of heat-transfer surface area. Heat can be effectively transferred from the cells to the fins thanks to the thin aluminium sheet. Temperature Control: Battery cell efficiency and longevity depend on maintaining their temperature within a favorable range. By releasing more heat, aluminium fins assist in controlling the temperature. The fins aid in preventing overheating and preserving a more constant operating temperature by efficiently draining heat from the cells. Thermal Uniformity: The accumulator pack's thermal uniformity is enhanced by the inclusion of aluminium fins between the battery cells. Variations in cell temperature can cause performance imbalances and lower pack efficiency because uneven heat distribution can cause temperature differences among the cells. The fins aid in the even distribution of heat throughout the cells, reducing temperature variations and fostering consistent performance. Reduced Hotspots: Hotspots are small, high-temperature regions inside a battery pack that can hasten degradation and pose safety issues. Aluminium fins aid in heat dissipation, which reduces the development of hotspots. The fins' increased surface area enables more effective heat transport, which lowers the possibility of localized temperature accumulation. Improved Safety: Effective heat dissipation with aluminium fins can aid in accumulator packs' increased safety. Battery cells may experience thermal runaway or other dangerous situations as a result of high temperatures. The risk of thermal incidents is decreased by maintaining lower cell temperatures, improving operational safety in general. It's crucial to remember that parameters like spacing, size, and overall pack should be taken into account while designing and using aluminium fins. Additionally, by lowering the amount of heat that is released into the environment, liquid cooled heatsinks can be utilised to lessen the environmental effect of electronic equipment. The following are some benefits of employing liquid-cooled heatsinks: ● more efficient at cooling than heatsinks that use air cooling ● can be used to enhance the functionality and dependability of electronic equipment ● can be used to lessen how harmful electrical devices are to the environment. The following are some drawbacks of employing liquid-cooled heatsinks: ● more expensive than heatsinks that are air-cooled. ● more difficult to install and keep up ● Tend to leak more frequently. Keywords — CFD, 18650,ABS ,ALUMINUM FINS ,DRIVE CYCLE MODELS,EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL.

Electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles are the future of the automobile industry, and power source design is one of the most crucial steps in designing these vehicles. This paper aims to design and structurally simulate a custom accumulator—which powers an electric vehicle, for a lightweight, single-seater formula-style racecar. The work is dependent on the model-based design and CAD model approach. Mathematical modeling on SCILAB is used to model equations to get the characteristics of the accumulator, such as the energy, capacity, current, voltage, state of charge, and discharge rates. The output of this model gives the configuration of the battery pack as several cells in series and parallel to adequately power the tractive system. An accumulator container is designed to safeguard the cells from external impacts and vibrational loads, which otherwise can lead to safety hazards. Following this, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) performed on the accumulator resulted in maximum peak deformation of 0.56 mm, ensuring the safety check against various external loads. Further, the finer stability of the battery pack was virtually validated after performing the vibrational analysis, resulting in a deformation of 3.5493 mm at a 1760.8 Hz frequency.

In this work, we explored the possibilities of network thermodynamics to determine the most important kinetic parameter of the diffusion process, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions (DLi) in iron sulfide. Iron sulfides have been electrolytically synthesized in thin aluminum-based layers for implementation in miniature lithium batteries. A comparison is made of the results obtained by the method of network thermodynamics and the method of potentiostatic pulse titration PITT. The theoretical aspects of both methods are presented. The task was reduced to obtaining curves I (current) - time (t), their analysis and calculation of coefficient values (DLi), using the theoretical foundations of diffusion and the methods used. At the early stages of applying the method of network thermodynamics to the study of diffusion in lithium current sources, it was not clear why the method is suitable for determining DLi not in the entire working range of potentials. A wide range of studies using the PITT method helps to answer questions related to the application of the network thermodynamic method. When using both methods, it is important to establish the potential range with diffusion kinetics and to reveal the accompanying electrode processes. Thus, it was found that both methods used are unable to provide reliable results in the FexSy electrode potential range of 2.8–1.8 V, since the diffusion nature of the electrode process is not a priority in this potential range.

Converting the harnessed energy from the environment or other energy sources to electrical energy is referred to as energy harvesting. The need of energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks is an essential issue to be handled to allow adequacy of the innovation in a wide range of utilizations. The maximum energy should be harvested from the solar panels and it should be stored and managed effectively to power the nodes in the wireless network. For this purpose, a solution proposed in this paper utilizes a hybrid accumulator architecture that combines the advantages of an effectively controlled “battery and ultra-capacitor (UC)” where the power stream from a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery is combined with a UC for power upgrade and conveyance to the stack proficiently and using a new adaptive power organizing algorithm, management of power in the battery and capacitor can be performed. The proposed design is implemented in Simulink and the results show the effect of the hybrid design.

This paper describes the design and construction of a remotely controlled mobile interference device designed primarily for interference (jamming) and immunity testing of wireless sensors operating in the 2.4 GHz band (Wi-Fi). The main idea was to build a remotely controlled test device to test the immunity of wireless sensors operating in the 2.4 GHz band directly in field conditions. The remotely controlled mobile interference device is equipped with a special interference apparatus, using a special magnetron tube as a source of interference. Magnetron was selected due to its high performance, allowing interference with wireless sensors over long distances. As magnetron is powered by high voltage (3 kVDC) and is being used in a remotely controlled device, it was important to solve the issue of its power supply using an accumulator. The remotely controlled device was further equipped with the option of detecting and analysing signals in the frequency band of 1 GHz to 18 GHz, adding an extra operational mode that can be used in civil (commercial), industrial, and military applications. Detection and analysis of extraneous signals that may affect our various electronic devices, operating in the 1 GHz to 18 GHz frequency band, is very important. By detecting and analyzing the detected signal, it is possible to recognize what kind of foreign device is transmitting on the detected frequency and how much it can affect the proper functioning of our electronic devices. All the individual parts of the remotely controlled mobile interference device are described in this article in detail, including their optimization for maximum use of the accumulator capacity by which the remotely controlled mobile interference device is powered. A substantial part of this article is devoted to optimizing the interference apparatus power supply with a resonant converter and internal intelligence, where the accumulators’ capacity is measured to gain needed predictions for maximum use of Li-Po batteries and thus extending its time of use.

The subject of study in this article and research is the process of reuse and recovery of power elements and batteries of modern digital electronics and laptop batteries, as well as controller diagnostic and repairing processes. The goal is to increase the duration of the lifetime and improve the maintainability and efficiency of reusing batteries of laptops and portable electronic devices. The task is to analyze existing types of laptop batteries; analyze different models of battery controllers; analyze options for repairing Li-ion batteries from secondary good market; propose a sequence of repairing of laptop batteries and portable electronics with use of Li-ion cells; and perform practical application of the research results. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The possibilities and existing options for repairing laptop batteries are analyzed. The possible mechanisms of protection of Li-ion batteries with different principles of action are analyzed. An analysis of the possibility of repairing of batteries with diagnostics of the elements in the laptop accumulator is performed. The process of repairing of the operation of laptop Li-ion batteries is proposed. A sequence for resetting error flags using additional equipment is proposed. The process of mechanical disassembling of the plastic housing of the laptop battery for the replacement of elements is described. The necessary equipment and tools for performing advanced diagnostics of laptop batteries are provided. A comparison of the results of the analysis of battery controllers and the practical experience of their recovery is performed. The description of the utility package for working with battery controllers is provided. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the fact that the comparative analysis of recovery methods of different models of batteries from different manufacturers allows to assess in advance the possibility of successful repairing of a laptop battery with a given controller. The proposed method of repairing of laptop batteries makes the recovery process predictable and reproducible for a wide range of battery models. The provided practical example of using the method demonstrates the possibility of obtaining additional information about batteries, even if the manufacturer does not provide documentation. The practical use of the research results allows to perform the process of repairing of a part of laptop battery models without additional knowledge and tools. It allows to reduce costs for the processes of maintaining the workability of electronics with extending of efficient device lifitime.

V₂O₅ oxide was obtained in thin layers on an anode of 18Н12Х9Т stainless steel from an aqueous solution of ammonium metavanadate followed by treatment at 300 and 500&deg;C. It was investigated in the redox reaction with lithium to be compared with analogues obtained from oxovanadium sulfate solution to be used in a lithium thin layer battery. The physical-chemical and structural properties, the morphology of the surface of the deposits were determined using X-ray phase analysis, IR absorption spectroscopy, thermoanalytical study, and atomic force microscopy. Large-block deposits with a smooth surface structure precipitated from a solution of NH₄VO₃ differ significantly from the deposits with a branched surface structure obtained from a solution of oxovanadium sulfate. The hydrated electrolysis product VO₂ nV₂O_5&nbsp;(<em>n </em>= 1&ndash;3) with the presence of NH₄⁺ after high-temperature treatment is transformed into&nbsp;orthorhombic V₂O₅. The discharge characteristics of V₂O₅in the redox reaction with lithium in a liquid-phase electrolyte 1 mole/l LiClO₄, propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane differ from those in a polymer electrolyte with a polyvinyl chloride matrix including propylene carbonate, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂. The discharge capacity of V₂O₅ obtained from the metavanadate solution at the treatment <em>T</em> = 300 С (7 h) decreases in a liquid-phase electrolyte from 250 mAh/g to 110 mAh/g in the 40th cycle, while in a polymer electrolyte - from&nbsp;210 mAh/g to 100 mAh/g at an earlier cycling stage. The reversibility of the electrode process is lost at the stage of phase transition (&delta;-&gamma;) in V₂O₅ near a voltage of 2.3 V. Annealing the deposits at 500&deg;С increases the discharge capacity of V₂O₅ obtained from a solution of oxovanadium sulfate. The large-block structure of the deposits obtained from the metavanadate electrolyte does not allow increasing their heating to 500&deg;С due to the loss of adhesion of the deposits to the metal base. The branched structure of the deposits obtained from the solution of oxovanadium sulfate promotes their better adhesion to the base than a large-block structure of the deposits obtained from the metavanadate solution. For the usage of V₂O₅ obtained from the metavanadate solution in the lithium battery system, it is necessary to find ways to modify the morphology of the deposit surface. V₂O₅deposition in the presence of Co²⁺ can contribute to the fragmentation of the block structure.

Silicon dioxide was produced by deposition from Na₂SiО₃·mH₂O aqueous solution. The particle size of the main faction of the synthesized material, determined in an electron microscope, is in a range of 12–16 nm. On the data of the XRD patterns, SiO₂ of amorphous modification was obtained. Then it was used for production of a thin-layer SiO₂/Ni composite by electrolysis for application in negative electrodes of miniature lithium-ion batteries (LIB). The investigations of SiO₂/Ni composite in a prototype of a Li-accumulator by the galvanostatic mode show the stable cycling in the voltage of 0.40–0.15 V as evidence of the perspective of its usage in LIB. Диоксид кремния был получен сернокислотным осаждением из водного раствора Na₂SiО₃·mH₂O. Размер частиц основной фракции синтезированного материала, установленный по изображению в электронном микроскопе, находится в пределах 12–16 нм. По данным рентгенофазового анализа получен SiO₂ диоксид аморфной модификации. Его использовали для синтеза тонкослойного композита SiO₂/Ni электролизом с целью определения возможности применения в отрицательных электродах миниатюрных литий-ионных батарей (ЛИБ). Исследования композита SiO₂/Ni в модельном литиевом аккумуляторе в гальваностатическом циклировании показали стабильное эффективное преобразование в интервале напряжения 0,40–0,15 В как свидетельство перспективности его использования в ЛИБ.

One of the possible ways to challenge selenium (Se) and iodine (I) deficiency in human beings is the joint biofortification of plants with these elements. Though the relationship between Se and I is highly pronounced in mammals, little is known about their interactions in plants where Se and I are considered not to be essential. Peculiarities of Se and I assimilation by a natural Se accumulator, such as Brassica juncea L., cultivar Volnushka, were assessed upon joint and separate plant foliar supply with sodium selenate (50 mg Se L−1) and potassium iodide (100 mg I L−1), in two crop seasons (spring, summer). Conversely to the individual application of Se and I, their joint supply did not stimulate plant growth. Separate use of sodium selenate enhanced I accumulation by 2.64 times, while biofortification with I increased the Se content in plant leaves by 4.3 times; this phenomenon was also associated with significant increase of total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content in leaves. The joint supply of Se and I did not affect the mentioned parameters. Both joint and separate application of Se and I led to synergism between these elements in: inhibiting nitrate accumulation; stimulating flavonoids biosynthesis (2–2.3 times compared to control plants) as well as Al and B accumulation; decreasing Cd and Sr concentrations. Plant biofortification with I increased the content of Mn and decreased K and Li. The consumption of 100 g Brassica juncea leaves provided 100% of the adequate human requirement of Se and 15.5% of I.

With the spectacular rise of wearable technologies, R&amp;D on microbatteries is rapidly emerging on the world market. For example, smart electronic textiles require new features and battery designs that traditional battery technologies simply cannot provide. This has opened the door to innovation and added a new dimension to the global competition in battery research.1 The potential sector that can be impacted includes Internet of Things (IoT), healthcare (skin patches, medical sensors, medical diagnostic devices), smart cards, etc. To date, the soft microbattery technology is still in its infancy because it requires the pooling of complementary knowledges in different scientific domains. Indeed, key competences in microelectronics, materials science, electrochemistry, polymer, and inorganic chemistry have to be gathered to overcome all technical challenges. Recently, we have reported a new concept for the development of stretchable Li-ion microbatteries.2-4 A prototype has been also integrated in a scleral eye contact lens5. The innovative approach is based on the assembly of two flexible substrates comprising arrays of micro-pillars on serpentine current collectors that are separated by a polymer electrolyte. Besides achieving high areal capacity values like 2.5 mA h cm-2 at C/10 (i.e., 0.07 mA cm-2), the micropillars make the system reversibly stretchable. Electrochemical tests revealed excellent performance when the stretchable micropower source was subjected to different mechanical strains. Indeed, 73% of the capacity is retained over 100 cycles under 30% strain and all fatigue tests showed that capacity retention remains higher than 70%. Preliminary results have shown the possibility to power low-consumption devices such as a light emitting diodes. It will be also discussed the parameters and treatments that have been investigated to increase the capacity and optimize the systems.6 During this presentation, it will be also presented how to achieve the RF wireless charging of the battery. References [1] M. Nasreldin, S. de Mulatier, R. Delattre, M. Ramuz, T. Djenizian, Flexible and stretchable microbatteries for wearable technologies, Advanced Materials Technologies, Hall of Fame, 2000412 (2020). [2] T. Djenizian and R. Delattre, « Deformable accumulator », International Patent n° WO 2018/167393 A1, 20-sept-2018. [3] M. Nasreldin, R. Delattre, B. Marchiori, M. Ramuz, S. Maria, J. L. de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, T. Djenizian, Microstructured electrodes supported on serpentine interconnects for stretchable electronics, APL Materials., 7, 031507 (2019). [4] M Nasreldin, R. Delattre, C. Calmes, M. Ramuz, V. A. Sugiawati, S. Maria, J-L de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, T. Djenizian, High Performance Stretchable Li-ion Microbattery, Energy Storage Materials, 33, 108 (2020). [5] M. Nasreldin, R. Delattre, M. Ramuz, C. Lahuec, T. Djenizian and J-L de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, Flexible Micro-Battery for Powering Smart Contact Lens, Sensors, 19, 2062 (2019). [6] A. Albertengo, M. Nasreldin, M. Ramuz, R. Delattre, D. Ochoa, M. Lepikhin, A. Galeyeva, F. Malchik, T. Djenizian, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9, 2102541 (2022).

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that for the production of effective inexpensive fertilizers containing microorganisms, it is important to investigate the influence of various factors, in particular a nutrient medium containing plant raw materials, on the growth or death of microorganisms. The aim of the work is to determine the effect of macro-, microelements, phenolic compounds contained in plant raw materials that are part of nutrient media on Pseudomonas fluorescens. The work determined the content of macro-, microelements —(Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, P, B, Li, W, La, Si, Bi) and the total content of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of horsetail (root) (Equisetum arvense), burdock (root) (Arctium lappa common golden millet (Centaurium erythraea), common ginseng (root) (Panax ginseng), Chinese lemongrass (fruit) (Schisandra chinensis), papaya (Carica papaya), cowberry (leaf) (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), blueberry (leaf) (Vaccinium myrtíllus), European olive (leaf) (Olea europaea), sage officinalis (Salvia officinalis), bearberry (leaf) (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), winter-loving umbellate (Chimaphila umbellata), white willow (bark) (Salix alba), medicinal hemophlebus (Sanguisorba officinalis) before and after the introduction of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria. A decrease in the content of macro- and microelements in plant matter in some cases up to 99% has been established. The ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens to accumulate toxic elements Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, As, Sr, Cr from plant raw materials was noted. The detection of the highest content of heavy metals and toxic elements in hemophlebone, sage, willow may indicate the possibility of their use for soil cleanup and as accumulator plants in phytoremediation. It has been determined that Pseudomonas fluorescens is capable of decomposing phenolic compounds in plants up to 22–38%. It has been shown that some types of plant raw materials, as a source of macro-, microelements, and carbon for bacteria, can be effectively used as a component for a nutrient medium.

The liquidus surface of the quasi-triple system LiF–NaCl–Na3FSO4 was studied by a differential-thermal method of physicochemical analysis. As a result of the studies, the crystallization temperature (554 °C) and the composition of the three-component eutectic, which can be used as a heat accumulator in thermal energy storage devices, are determined. When designing plants based on renewable energy sources, it is necessary to provide storage tanks for the concentration of thermal energy, so that the stored heat energy can be used even in the period of absence of solar radiation. The most suitable for thermal accumulation are salt eutectic mixtures. Priority in this respect is research devoted to the development of compositions as possible with large values of the latent heat of the solid-liquid phase transition. The experiment was carried out on the synchronous thermal analysis unit STA 449 F3 Phoenix, the company Netzsch, designed to operate in the temperature range from room temperature to 1500 ° C in an atmosphere of inert gases (argon). All facet triangle (LiF)2 – (NaCl)2 – Na3FSO4: stable diagonal (LiF)2 – (NaCl)2 of the triple mutual system Li, Na // F, Cl and quasibinary systems: LiF–Na3FSO4; NaCl – Na3FSO4 is of the eutectic type, therefore it can be assumed that a triple eutectic is formed in the system. To determine the thermo physical characteristics of the eutectic composition, the experiment is planned in accordance with the general rules of the projection-thermographic method. The one-dimensional polythermal section AB located in the crystallization field of lithium fluoride, where A is 50% (LiF)2+ 50% Na3FSO4, B is 50% (LiF)2+ 50% (NaCl)2 was experientally studied. The study of the AB section reveals the direction to the triple eutectic, from the poles of lithium fluoride crystallization, i.e. the study of this section revealed a constant ratio of sodium chloride and sulfate-sodium fluoride in the triple eutectic. At the point showing a constant ratio of the two initial components in the eutectic, the thermal effects of the secondary and tertiary crystallizations are combined, and the primary crystallization is fixed at 657 °C. This composition is the starting point for the investigation of the next section. The content of lithium fluoride in the eutectic is determined by studying the polythermal section of lithium fluoride from the crystallization pole and passing through the projection Ē to the side of the triangle (NaCl)2 – Na3FSO4. As a result of the studies, the crystallization temperature and the concentration of the initial salts in the triple eutectic have been established. The detected eutectic composition (EΔ) crystallizes at 554 °C and contains eq. %: (LiF)2 – 26; (NaCl)2 – 23; Na3FSO4 – 51.Forcitation:Omarova S.M., Verdieva Z.N., Alkhasov A.B., Magomedbekov U.G., Arbukhanova P.A., Verdiev N.N. Phase equilibria in system (LiF)2 – (NaCl)2 – Na3FSO4. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 4-8

The article deals with the choice of materials for connecting tires of traction batteries (TB). The optimal parameters of their spot welding with batteries are experimentally established (the first pulse with a current of 7 kA duration of 1 ms, the break between the pulses of 1 ms, the second pulse with a current of 7 kA duration of 2 ms). When operating the traction battery on electric vehicles, the resistance of the connecting tires should not lead to heating of the batteries in order to avoid overheating above 60 °C. In most modern TB, consisting of Li-ion elements, a nickel tape is used for the connection. To ensure the weldability of materials (copper–nickel or nickel–nickel), it is important that the operating temperature is reached at a short-term current pulse in the welding zone. One of the solutions to this problem is the application of a metal coating. Experiments were conducted on the weldability of various materials, including those with applied coatings. The best results in weldability were shown by tires made of tinned copper, which was welded to nickel plates (emitting the battery body). Tear tests of the welded samples were carried out. The tensile strength of the original copper tires was 340–450 MPa. When welding copper–nickel and copper(tinned) – nickel plates, the strength limit values reach 70 % of the strength of the original copper plate. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, a pilot batch of battery TB was manufactured, which successfully passed tests for compliance with the technical requirements for the strength and the value of the transition resistances of the welded joints of connecting buses with batteries.

Heavy metals contamination is a serious threat to all life forms. Long term exposure of heavy metals can lead to different life-threatening medical conditions including cancers of different body parts. Phytoremediation and bioremediation offer a potential eco-friendly solution to such problems. Different microbes can interact with heavy metals in a variety of ways such as biotransformation, oxidation/reduction, and biosorption. Phytoremediation of the heavy metals using plants mostly involves rhizofilteration, phytoextraction, phytovolatization, and Phyto stabilization. A synergistic approach using both plants and microbes has proven much more efficient as compared to the individual applications of microbes or plants. This article aims to highlight the synergistic methods used in bioremediation, emphasizing the potent collaboration between bacteria and plants for environmental cleaning, along with the discussion of the importance of site-specific variables and potential constraints. 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