Academic literature on the topic 'Liabilities classification'

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Journal articles on the topic "Liabilities classification"

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Podolianchuk, Olena, Tetiana Plakhtii, and Nataliya Gudzenko. "CURRENT LIABILITIES AND THEIR ACCOUNTING IN THE ATTRACTED CAPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-159-169.

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The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the attracted capital, to clarify the legal, economic, and legal content of the liabilities, to justify the relationship between the categories of “liabilities”, “arrears”, “calculations” and “liabilities” and “attracted capital”, assess domestic and foreign experience in the classification of liabilities, justify information management of the attracted capital, taking into account the step-by-step accounting process of current liabilities, introduce proposals for the classification of current liabilities with the aim to improve the management of current liabilities as a part of debt capital. Methodology. The methodological basis for the disclosure of the research goal was the scientific advancement of scientists, legislative and regulatory acts on issues of accounting obligations. Results. The study found that, in the conditions of unstable economic development, one of the important tasks of enterprise management is a rational choice of the asset formation sources structure. The article reveals the essence of the term “capital” and it is found out that the basis of the definition is the material-real form. Problems of the contents of attracted and borrowed capital are outlined. The study of legislative documents, which defined the content of the category “liabilities”, was conducted. Legal components of current liabilities characteristic are explored and discussed issues are defined. The legal and economic aspects of liabilities are investigated. As a result of the research, the theoretical substantiation of the essence of the categories “liabilities”, “debt” and “settlements” was conducted. It is proved that all current liabilities are divided into real and potential ones. The order of displaying information about current liabilities at all stages of the accounting process is substantiated. It is confirmed that the basis of the management accounting for the attracted capital is the primary documents, accounting data, and generalized forms of internal and external reporting. Practical implication. The analytical data of the composition and the structure of attracted capital of agricultural enterprises with detailed analysis of structure of current liabilities are presented. It is confirmed that liabilities occupy a significant share in the structure of capital and are a source of economic activity financing of enterprises. It is determined that not all liabilities arising in civil and commercial law are recorded in the accounts. We substantiated the characteristic features of liabilities. It is determined that all liabilities that are the subject of accounting are legal and economical. The opinion on the content of the definition of “commitment” is taken into account with the accounting, economic, and legal constituents. As a result of the study of foreign experience in the classification of current liabilities, the author’s interpretation of the classification of current liabilities is presented. Value/originality. An important objective for the management system is the objective classification of liabilities, their assessment and reliability of accounting. It is proposed to distinguish certain classifications of current liabilities for the purpose of managing borrowed capital in terms of current liabilities.
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Boitan, Iustina Alina, and Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak. "The EU Fiscal Risk Matrix – from government debt to climate liabilities." Studia BAS 3, no. 67 (2021): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/studiabas.2021.26.

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The aim of the article is to identify the main components of government overall liabilities based on the Fiscal Risk Matrix classification introduced by the World Bank in 1999, and to estimate the amount and structure of these liabilities in European Union countries (EU Fiscal Risk Matrix). The climate liabilities definition and methodology included in the EU Fiscal Risk Matrix is also a novelty of the research. The study covered EU member states in the period 2018–2019, taking into account available data from the Eurostat database. On this basis, the EU Fiscal Risk Matrix was developed with the estimated structure of the burden of government liabilities for individual countries and the EU as a whole. The article used statistical and comparative analysis. The major conclusion of our research involves the proposal to implement a unified European methodology of government overall liabilities classification based on the EU Fiscal Risk Matrix to assess the fiscal debt burden and transparency of fiscal policy.
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Boitan, Iustina Alina, and Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak. "The EU Fiscal Risk Matrix – from government debt to climate liabilities." Studia BAS 3, no. 67 (2021): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/studiabas.2021.26.

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The aim of the article is to identify the main components of government overall liabilities based on the Fiscal Risk Matrix classification introduced by the World Bank in 1999, and to estimate the amount and structure of these liabilities in European Union countries (EU Fiscal Risk Matrix). The climate liabilities definition and methodology included in the EU Fiscal Risk Matrix is also a novelty of the research. The study covered EU member states in the period 2018–2019, taking into account available data from the Eurostat database. On this basis, the EU Fiscal Risk Matrix was developed with the estimated structure of the burden of government liabilities for individual countries and the EU as a whole. The article used statistical and comparative analysis. The major conclusion of our research involves the proposal to implement a unified European methodology of government overall liabilities classification based on the EU Fiscal Risk Matrix to assess the fiscal debt burden and transparency of fiscal policy.
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López-Espinosa, Germán, John Maddocks, and Fernando Polo-Garrido. "Co-operatives and the Equity-Liabilities Puzzle: Concerns for Accounting Standard-Setters." Accounting Horizons 26, no. 4 (2012): 767–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50208.

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SYNOPSIS: The IASB/FASB joint project on Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Equity (formerly Liabilities and Equity) has highlighted the complexity and the associated difficulty of drawing the line between liabilities and equity. While classification difficulties have been identified for investor-owned businesses (IOB), the inconsistency of the different approaches being considered is clearer when applied to classification of the financial instruments of co-operatives whose ownership characteristics differ from the IOB model. In co-operatives the existence of an upper limit on members' claims on the net assets while the co-operative is a going concern is a key ownership characteristic. We have examined the characteristics of co-operative member shares in six European countries as well as in the U.S. and in Canada, in order to analyze the application of the various classification approaches under discussion by the IASB and FASB. The results of this analysis indicate that classification criteria based on ownership must take account of the fact that ownership is multidimensional and contingent on the type of firm. JEL Classifications: M41, P13.
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Botosan, Christine A., Lisa Koonce, Stephen G. Ryan, Mary S. Stone, and James M. Wahlen. "Accounting for Liabilities: Conceptual Issues, Standard Setting, and Evidence from Academic Research." Accounting Horizons 19, no. 3 (2005): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2005.19.3.159.

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In this paper, we summarize conceptual issues that arise in the definition, recognition, derecognition, classification, and measurement of liabilities. We also highlight problems in existing accounting standards for liabilities and identify opportunities to refine those standards. Where relevant, we describe evidence from empirical accounting research involving liabilities and identify opportunities for future research. Our objective is to highlight the inconsistencies and controversies surrounding existing accounting standards for liabilities, and to describe the research evidence that provides insights into accounting for liabilities. A better understanding of the current problems in accounting for liabilities and the related research evidence should help standard setters and their constituents in their attempts to improve GAAP, and should stimulate future academic research to shed new light on accounting for liabilities.
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Jia, Lei, and Hongmao Sun. "Support vector machines classification of hERG liabilities based on atom types." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 11 (2008): 6252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.028.

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Purbayati, Radia. "Pemodelan Multiple Discriminant Analysis untuk Memprediksi Financial Distress Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia." Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan dan Akuntansi 12, no. 1 (2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/ekspansi.v12i1.1856.

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The aims of this study is to set financial distress prediction model and to identify the best accuraction and classification from the financial distress prediction model. The objects were 9 Islamic Banks in Indonesia since 2012 to 2017 using Multiple Discriminant Analysis modelling. The variables used financial ratios, consist of ROA, BOPO, Current Assets to Current Liabilities Ratio, NPF, Equity to Total Liabilities, and FDR. The outcome shows that a variable tend to cause an Islamic bank fall into financial distress condition dominantly was NPF ratio. The accuration prediction power with 42 from 42 obervations predicted fall into health bank category were classified correctly (100%), and 2 from 12 Islamic Banks fall into financial distress category were classified incorrectly (16.7%) and were corrected into helath bank category. The classification power created by multiple discriminant analysis was 81.48%.
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Pradhan, Krishanu. "Assessment of India’s Fiscal and External Sector Vulnerability: A Balance Sheet Approach." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 12, no. 3 (2018): 308–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801018768988.

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The article is an attempt to assess India’s fiscal and external sector vulnerability in the context of the deterioration in major macroeconomic indicators in recent years. The balance sheet approach (BSA) developed mainly by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is applied to analyse episodes of major fiscal, financial and external payment crises in developing countries between the late 1990s to early 2000. The present work assesses the vulnerability in India’s fiscal and external sectors by descriptive and comparative analyses of relevant indicators and developing a composite vulnerability index (CVI) consisting of the indicators under study. Fiscal or external sector vulnerability can also be assessed by how easily or smoothly a government or a nation can finance its budgetary deficit or rollover of debt or the external sector funding needs. The method of financing and management of debt-related liabilities become important in this context. This may get reflected in currency composition, maturity pattern and ownership pattern of liabilities. The CVI score and favourable currency composition, maturity pattern and ownership pattern of liabilities largely helped India reduce both fiscal and external sector liabilities significantly in recent years. JEL Classification: E60, F34, H63
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Sulym, A., and Z. Semko. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT OF THE MOVABLE PRESSURE EQUIPMENT." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 36 (December 30, 2020): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2020-36-9.

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Comparative analysis of main requirements of the technical regulations concerning conformity assessment of the movable pressure equipment is given in the article. Terms, used in the technical regulations are considered, similarity and divergence of requirements is analyzed, classification of dangerous goods, examples of liabilities of the assessment process participants, appointed bodies concerning their activities is given.
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Kostolansky, John, Dora Altschuler, and Brian B. Stanko. "Financial Reporting Impact Of The Operating Lease Classification." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 6 (2012): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i6.7405.

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The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are preparing to make changes to accounting standards for leasing that will have a significant impact on the financial statements of a large number of companies. The proposed standard will eliminate the operating lease classification, and if passed, companies using this classification will be required to report additional assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. This study estimates the impact of this change in accounting standards on the financial statements and several key financial ratios for an extensive sample of companies and industries from the Compustat North America database. It is important that users of financial statements understand and are prepared for these changes prior to implementation, particularly for industries in which operating leases are heavily utilized.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liabilities classification"

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Пасічна, І. О. "Класифікація об’єктів податкових зобов’язальних правовідносин". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62068.

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Серед різноманіття податкових правовідносин особливе місце займають податкові зобов’язальні правовідносини, які забезпечують виконання основного податкового обов’язку. Ці правовідносини регулюють порядок застосування способів забезпечення виконання обов’язку платника податків зі сплати податків і зборів до бюджетів і цільових фондів.
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Гонгало, О. О. "Облік, аудит та аналіз в системі управління дебіторською заборгованістю та зобов’язаннями торгівельного підприємства (на прикладі ТОВ «Таврія В»)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12390.

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У роботі розглянуто нормативно-правові особливості облікового забезпечення дебіторської заборгованості та зобов’язань підприємств. Проаналізовано діючу практику обліку та аудиту на ТОВ «Таврія В». Запропоновано напрямки удосконалення організації обліку шляхом доробки облікової політики підприємства; впровадження плану-графіку роботи з дебіторами; вдосконалення аналітичного обліку розрахунків з постачальниками та підрядниками шляхом впровадження низки облікових регістрів.<br>The current practice of accounting and audit at LTD «Tavria V» was analyzed. The directions of improvement of the organization of the account by completion of the accounting policy of the enterprise are offered; introduction of the plan-schedule of work with debtors; improving the analytical accounting of settlements with suppliers and contractors by introducing a number of accounting registers.
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Rodríguez, Díaz Daniela del Pilar. "Antes NIC 39 ahora NIIF 9: nuevos desafíos para los contadores." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114754.

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In this paper we will resume the main differences between the application of IFRS 9 «Financial Instruments» to be imperatively implemented in Peru since the commencement of the exercise 2018 with regards to the current IAS 39 «Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement», focusing in the classification and measurement of financial assets. Furthermore, a practical analysis will be applied to financial instruments in the investment banking industry.<br>En este trabajo, se busca sintetizar las principales diferencias en la aplicación de laNIIF 9 «Instrumentos Financieros» a implementarse de forma obligatoria en el Perú desde el inicio del ejercicio 2018 con respecto a la actual NIC 39 «Instrumentos Financieros: Reconocimiento y Medición», específicamente en clasificación y medición de las partidas de activos financieros. Además, se realiza un análisis práctico aplicado a instrumentos financieros del rubro de la banca de inversión.<br>Neste artigo, retomaremos as principais diferenças entre a aplicação da Normas Internacionais de Relatório Financeiro (IFRS) 9 «Instrumentos Financeiros» a implementar de forma imperativa no Peru desde o início do exercício de 2018 no que se refere ao atual Normas internacionais de contabilidade (IAS) 39 «Instrumentos Financeiros: Reconhecimento e Medição», focado em A classificação e mensuração de ativos financeiros. Além disso, uma análise prática será aplicada aos instrumentos financeiros no setor de banca de investimento.
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Botha, Annerie. "Analysing South African individuals' behaviour regarding liability usages." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18988.

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In South Africa household debt has increased rapidly over the past few years, therefore illustrating the importance of analysing liability usage behaviour of individual members within the household. In order to comprehend the behaviour of South Africans regarding liability usages, this study provides insight into why individuals find it necessary to obtain liability products as well as to indicate whether liability products are used to address the financial needs for the purpose it was developed for. To achieve the aim of this study, it was firstly necessary to develop a theoretical framework for the process of selecting credit products when satisfying financial needs. Secondly, the characteristics and intended usage purposes of different credit products available in South Africa were discussed and a debt classification framework was developed. Finally, data obtained from the Finscope South Africa survey was analysed according to the developed frameworks following a combination of two approaches. Firstly, a qualitative approach was used to identify the different financial needs which are satisfied when using liabilities. The financial needs identified were classified according to Alderfer’s existence relatedness growth (ERG) theory and the factors that have an influence on liability usage. Secondly, a quantitative approach was followed to indicate which financial needs are fulfilled when using different credit products. The results of this study suggest that individuals do not use liabilities only for the purpose what the products were originally developed for. The findings clearly indicated that individuals mainly use liabilities to satisfy basic needs which are classified as existence needs according to Alderfer’s ERG theory. Based on the data analysis a variety of factors such as access to credit and certain demographic characteristics have an influence on liability usage behaviour of individuals. The results further show that individuals mainly use informal, unsecured, short-term loans when satisfying their financial needs which might indicate that South Africans are unable to access formal credit products.<br>Financial Accounting<br>M. Phil. (Accounting Science)
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Books on the topic "Liabilities classification"

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New Zealand standard classification of financial assets and liabilities (interim). Statistics New Zealand, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liabilities classification"

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Tettenborn, Andrew. "The liabilities of classification societies – more awkward than it looks?" In Liability Regimes in Contemporary Maritime Law. Informa Law from Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122807-11.

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Karl-Philipp, Wojcik, and Krauze Mateusz. "Part II Qualitative Capital Requirements, 3 The Use of EU Regulations to Establish Qualitative Requirements in the Fields of Banking Supervision and Resolution: Their impact on civil law and corporate relationships." In Capital and Liquidity Requirements for European Banks. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198867319.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the proliferation of the use of EU regulations in the field of EU financial services regulation and in particular the area of banking supervision and bank resolution law. The total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC)/minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL), net stable funding ratio (NSFR), and the prior permission regimes under Articles 73 and 77–78a of the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) are good examples to illustrate the case. While in the case of TLAC/MREL and the NSFR the impact is more of an indirect nature, since formally parties are still free to exercise their contractual autonomy, they have to adhere to the various regulatory requirements if they wish to benefit from a certain regulatory treatment and meet certain regulatory targets set by the EU legislator. The prior permissions regime goes even further in that it is a precondition for the exercise of certain actions such as classification of instruments as Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) as well as early repayments, redemptions, and other similar actions with respect to own funds instruments and other eligible liabilities instruments. These interactions are driven by the objective of EU financial services regulation to attain financial stability, to protect depositors and investors, and to avoid other externalities which the conduct of banking business can carry, even if this comes at the expense of certain rights enjoyed under civil and corporate laws.
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"THE POST 1947 PLAN ERA During the 1950s, the Higher Council of Accounting made the first revision of the 1947 Plan. The new Plan was approved in 1957. The Council mainly devoted its efforts to improving the various elements of the 1947 Plan while retaining its framework and giving the cost accounting section of the plan more flexibil­ ity. A 1962 decree required the 1957 Plan be used in the private economic sector. The 1957 Plan thus became legally binding in over eighty lines of business for which particular plans were developed. Further, in the 1960s, the 1957 Plan served as basis for the development of the Plan for the African, Madagascar and Mauritius Organization (grouping of former French colonies) by a group of experts from the National Council of Accounting and INSEE. With changing economic conditions in France, the passing of new laws, the rapid development of information processing tech­ niques and the internationalization of trade and capital markets, the Accounting Plan needed revision. The need to improve the possibilities for financial and economic analysis offered by the plan’s financial statements played an important role in drafting the revised plan’s conceptual framework; in fact, this consider­ ation dominated the first phase of the revision (1970 to 1975). The new proposed plan changed the classification criteria adopted in the 1947 and 1957 Plans, and introduced a number of innovations. The classification of balance sheet elements according to their de­ gree of liquidity/maturity was replaced by a classification of assets and liabilities according to their economic function in the firm. The impact of tax regulations on accounting income and on the balance sheet was to be shown separately in accounts such as regulated provisions. The presentation of a statement of changes in financial position was to be made mandatory as a result of banks’ and financial analysts’ requests for information about the impact of the firm’s transactions on its financial position. In the income statement, components of production were to be shown separately, and computation of value added was required to meet national accountants' information needs. These changes were ap­ proved by the National Council of Accounting (Conseil National de la Comptabilite) in 1975. Unfortunately, the 1975 Plan could not be adopted as such, since it had to be harmonized with the requirements of the Euro­ pean Economic Community (EEC) directive on company financial statements, which was approved in 1977. The EEC fourth direc­." In Accounting in France (RLE Accounting). Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315871042-54.

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"tional breakdown of operations has been maintained in the struc­ ture of the 1982 income statement, which is now divided into four sections namely, operations results, financial results, exceptional results and income taxes. As far as the balance sheet is concerned, the 1947 liquidity/ maturity criterion was retained for the classification of elements, except for financial investments and for liabilities. These elements are shown globally, details of maturity using the one-year criterion being given in notes to the balance sheet. A noteworthy change in the balance sheet concerns the presentation of net income for the period: it has been made part of equity instead of being shown separately as the last element of either the left or right section of the statement. New importance has been granted to the supplementary in­ formation provided with the financial statements. In fact, notes are now regarded as being an integral part of the financial state­ ments, subjected to the concept of true and fair presentation of financial information. Also, supplementary schedules are more nu­ merous than in the 1947 Plan. A schedule presenting assets and liabilities maturities has been added and some summary statistics covering a five year period are requested, concerning such ele­ ments as capital, net income, wages and social security benefits. The three sets of financial statements (the basic set; the op­ tional, developed set; the abridged set, for small enterprises), all based on the basic framework, also represent a new feature of the 1982 Plan. As can be noted from the comparison of the 1982 and 1947 Plans, the successive French committees on normalization had a good basis to work upon and, even if many improvements have been made, several features of the 1947 Plan have been preserved. CONCLUSION Since the 1940s, the road to French accounting standardiza­ tion has been paved by a number of episodes, each building upon the previous stages. First, there was the unofficial 1942 Account­ ing Plan drafted during World War II under government’s initia­ tive. Then, in the 1942-1944 period, the Rational Plan was elabo­ rated under the aegis of the CNOF, a private organization. Follow­ ing the war, the 1947 Accounting Plan was the first plan officially approved by a governmental decree. Subsequently, revised edi­ tions of the 1947 Plan were approved in 1957 and in 1982, the latest version of the plan incorporating European considerations originating from the harmonization at that level." In Accounting in France (RLE Accounting). Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315871042-57.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liabilities classification"

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Tusan, Radoslav. "THE IMPACT OF THE ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS ON THE FINANCIAL SITUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2020.37.

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This paper deals with the evaluation of the impact of the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the financial situation and performance of the company. The Slovak Accounting Act allows accounting and reporting under IFRS for two types of entities - explicitly specified by law (e.g. banks, insurance companies, stock exchange); and those that meet specified size criteria. The analyzed company met the size criteria and IFRS has been applying since 2018. The transition from Slovak accounting procedures to IFRS has an impact on the classification of individual items of assets and liabilities, their structure, and the classification of related costs and revenues. The transition to IFRS thus has an impact on the company's financial position and performance. The paper set out two objectives of the research: 1) the transition to IFRS caused an insignificant change in the company's financial indicators; 2) the transition to IFRS caused a significant change in the company's financial indicators. The results of the analysis show changes in the structure of the company's assets and liabilities, the amount of income and expenses, and the less significant impact of the adoption of IFRS on financial indicators.
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Agrawal, J. P. N., and S. P. Srivastava. "Methodology of Risk Management in Pipeline Projects." In ASME 2013 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2013-9841.

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Organizations of all types and sizes face internal and external factors and influences that make it uncertain whether and when they will achieve their business objectives. The effect this uncertainty has on an organization’s objectives is “RISK”. In recent times all sectors of the economy have shifted focus towards the management of risk as the key to making organizations successful in delivering their objectives while protecting the interests of their stakeholders. Risk may be defined as events or conditions that may occur, and whose occurrence, if it does take place, has a harmful or negative impact on the achievement of the organization’s business objectives. The exposure to the consequences of uncertainty constitutes a risk. Organizations that are most effective and efficient in managing risks to both existing assets and to future growth will, in the long run, outperform those that are less so. Simply put, companies make money by taking intelligent risks and lose money by failing to manage risk intelligently. Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risks can come from uncertainty in financial markets, project failures (at any phase in design, development, production, or sustainment life-cycles), legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters as well as deliberate attack from an adversary, or events of uncertain or unpredictable root-cause. Several risk management standards have been developed including the Project Management Institute, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards. Methods, definitions and goals vary widely according to whether the risk management method is in the context of project management, security, engineering, industrial processes, financial portfolios, actuarial assessments, or public health and safety. Risk management is a holistic, integrated, structured and disciplined approach to managing risks with the objective of maximizing shareholder’s value. It aligns strategy, processes, people &amp; culture, technology and governance with the purpose of evaluating and managing the uncertainties faced by the organization while creating value. Broadly this paper deals with the objective of risk management along with identification, polarization, mitigation and governance of risks associated with pipeline projects. Further the criteria for assigning the probabilities and impact of an identified risk along with their classification based on its probability and impact are also incorporated in the paper.
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Labor, Bea, and Staffan Lindskog. "On Evaluation of Assessments of Accruals of Future Dismantling Costs." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96100.

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A major prerequisite in order for civilian commercial nuclear energy production to qualify as sustainable energy production is that systems for the management of the nuclear waste legacy are in operation. These waste types are present in a range from very low short lived waste (VLLW) to long lived high level waste (HLW) (including the used nuclear fuel). The second prerequisite is that financial responsibilities or other constraints must not be passed on to coming generations. The first condition for qualification corresponds to the Polluters Pays Principle (PPP) which demands that the responsibility for the waste management rests solely with the polluter. The second qualification corresponds to the principle of fairness between generations and thus concerns the appropriate distribution of responsibilities between the generations. It is important to note that these two conditions must be met simultaneously, and that compliance with both is a necessary prerequisite in order for commercial use of nuclear power to qualify as a semi-sustainable energy source. Financial and technical planning for dismantling and decommissioning of nuclear installations cannot be regarded as successful unless it rests upon a distinctive way to describe and explain the well-founded values of different groups of stakeholders. This cumbersome task can be underpinned by transparent and easy to grasp models for calculation and estimation of future environmental liabilities. It essential that a systematic classification is done of all types of costs and that an effort is done to evaluate the precision level in the cost estimates. In this paper, a systematic and transparent way to develop a parametric approach that rest upon basic accounting standards is combined with data about younger stakeholder’s values towards decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear installation. The former entity rests upon theoretical and practical methods from business administration, whilst the latter is based on current survey data retrieved from 667 personal interviews in one town in Poland and one town in Slovakia with a near 100 % response rate. The main conclusions from this field study may be summarised as follows: • Sustainable energy sources are prioritised. • Around one quarter of the respondents regards nuclear power as a future semi-sustainable commercial energy production mode subject to that the waste is managed in a sustainable, environmental friendly and safe way. • The values are to a significant degree positioned on health, safety and environmental (HSE) attributes. • The polluter pays principle is honoured. • There are doubts regarding the compliance with these principles due to risks for delays in the implementation phase of repositories for disposal of the nuclear residues. • 1/5th of the respondents expressed an openness to reprocessing (which is linked to the concept of “new nuclear power”).
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