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Journal articles on the topic 'Liability benchmark'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ryan, Ronald J. "Custom Liability Index: The Proper Benchmark." Journal of Index Investing 5, no. 4 (2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jii.2015.5.4.049.

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BOLLA, LIDIA, HAGEN WITTIG, and ALEXANDER KOHLER. "The liability market value as benchmark in pension fund performance measurement." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 15, no. 1 (2014): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474721400033x.

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AbstractOften performance of pension funds is assessed based on the development of the assets only, neglecting the simultaneous development of the liabilities. This especially is the case in Switzerland, one of the world's largest markets for corporate pension funds. We create a new liability benchmark for referencing the asset performance. Measuring the asset performance with respect to the liability benchmark yields the Asset-Liability-Result. We apply the model to (i) the Swiss pension fund market as a whole and (ii) an individual Swiss pension fund. With our new approach, we are able to sh

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BABBEL, DAVID F. "Evaluating pension insurance pricing." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 14, no. 2 (2015): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747214000419.

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AbstractThe Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's (PBGC) Pension Insurance Modeling System model has taken on the Herculean task of modeling in detail and under many scenarios the cash outflows associated with the pension obligations, they have assumed. This paper's comments are focused almost entirely upon the PBGC's termination liabilities, and address four pressing issues: (1) the need to discount the liability stream by current riskless interest rates instead of using corporate bond rates that reflect credit risk, call risk, and other risks, or using some ad hoc prescribed average of past

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Verlaak, Robert, Werner Hürlimann, and Jan Beirlant. "Quasi-Likelihood Estimation of Benchmark Rates for Excess of Loss Reinsurance Programs." ASTIN Bulletin 39, no. 2 (2009): 429–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.39.2.2044642.

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AbstractIn this paper a method for determining benchmark rates for the excess of loss reinsurance of a Motor Third Party Liability insurance portfolio will be developed based on observed market rates. The benchmark rates are expressed as a percentage of the expected premium income that is available to cover the whole risk of the portfolio. The rates are assumed to be based on a compound process with a heavy tailed severity, such as Burr or Pareto distributions. In the absence of claim data these assumptions propagate the theoretical benchmark rate component of the regression model.Given the wh

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Kellam, Jocelyn, and Luke Nottage. "Europeanisation of Product Liability in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Preliminary Empirical Benchmark." Journal of Consumer Policy 31, no. 2 (2008): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-008-9067-4.

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6

Zeng, Yan, and Zhongfei Li. "Asset-liability management under benchmark and mean-variance criteria in a jump diffusion market." Journal of Systems Science and Complexity 24, no. 2 (2011): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11424-011-9105-1.

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Papp, Nikolett. "A munkahelyi egészségsérelmek kompenzációjának felelősségbiztosítási modellje Magyarországon és az Európai Unióban." Erdélyi Jogélet 3, no. 4 (2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/erjog.2020.04.09.

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"One of the most important issues in the design of national work injury compensation systems is how the two main possible routes of liability relate: on the one hand, the non-tort compensation (social security) model and, on the other, the tort compensation (employers’ liability under civil or labour law) model. In the Hungarian system of accident compensation in labour law, the employee is primarily entitled to certain benefits within the framework of social insurance and may claim damages in excess of this in damages lawsuits. Employers’ liability schemes can be supplemented by voluntary lia

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Goisis, Francesco, and Linda Stefani. "The Polluter-Pays Principle and Site Ownership: the European Jurisprudential Developments and the Italian Experience." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 13, no. 2 (2016): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01302006.

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Drawing upon the European Court of Justice jurisprudence on the Environmental Liability Directive, the present contribution intends to discuss the prospects for establishing a relation of coherence between the polluter-pays principle and remediation procedures; throughout the discussion, a particular attention will be dedicated to the legislative and jurisprudential perspective of Italy on the position of the soil owner with respect to remediation of pollution he did not contribute to. Recent jurisprudential developments conferred new impulse to the debate revolving around the scope and signif

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FABOZZI, FRANK J. "Measuring and explaining pension system risk." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 14, no. 2 (2015): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747214000420.

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AbstractWe discuss pension system risk in the USA, focusing on the investment policy and the methodology for the valuation of the liabilities of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC). We offer suggestions as to how the PBGC should consider modifying the Pension Insurance Modeling System. The issues of investment policy and liability valuation are not two distinct topics. As emphasized here, the proper valuation of liabilities provides a benchmark for the PBGC to use as a starting point for the establishment of its investment policy and then for assessing investment performance.

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Furrow, Barry R. "Quality Control in Health Care: Developments in the Law of Medical Malpractice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 21, no. 2 (1993): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1993.tb01241.x.

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Physicians and institutional providers face expanding liability exposure today, in spite of state tort reform legislation and public awareness of the costs of malpractice for providers. Standards of practice are evolving rapidly; new medical technologies are being introduced at a rapid rate; information is proliferating as to treatment efficacy, patient risk, and diseases generally. Tort standards mirror this change. As medical standards of care evolve, they provide a benchmark against which to measure provider failure. The liability exposure of physicians is affected by (1) the generation of

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Archer, Simon, and Rifaat Ahmed Abdel Karim. "When benchmark rates change: the case of Islamic banks." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 27, no. 2 (2019): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-11-2017-0104.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the issue that arises in the context of benchmark rate (or interest rate) changes made for reasons of monetary policy in a jurisdiction with a significant presence of Islamic banks. Changes, especially increases, in the prevailing interest rate made by central banks raise issues of asset-liability management for banks, which typically have longer maturities on the asset side than on the liabilities side, resulting in exposure to interest rate risk for conventional banks, and what is known as rate of return (RoR) risk for Islamic banks, which for reasons of co

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Sanchez-Graells, Albert. "Liability threshold for damages in public procurement: the EFTA Court’s Fosen-Linjen saga." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 70, no. 4 (2020): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v70i4.310.

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In this case comment, I explore the two EFTA Court Judgments in the Fosen-Linjen saga and their opposing views on the interaction between EU/EEA rules on procurement remedies and the more general principle of state liability for breaches of EU/EEA law. I review the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and, in particular, the perceived inconsistencies between the two 2010 judgments in Strabag and Spijker, which featured very prominently in the legal arguments submitted to the EFTA Court in both Fosen-Linjen cases. I also use the benchmark of the UK Supreme Court’s Nuclear Deco

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Sanchez-Graells, Albert. "Liability threshold for damages in public procurement: the EFTA Court’s Fosen-Linjen saga." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 70, no. 4 (2019): OA25—OA35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v70i4.279.

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In this case comment, I explore the two EFTA Court Judgments in the Fosen-Linjen saga and their opposing views on the interaction between EU/EEA rules on procurement remedies and the more general principle of state liability for breaches of EU/EEA law. I review the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and, in particular, the perceived inconsistencies between the two 2010 judgments in Strabag and Spijker, which featured very prominently in the legal arguments submitted to the EFTA Court in both Fosen-Linjen cases. I also use the benchmark of the UK Supreme Court's Nuclear Deco

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14

Makin, Anthony J. "Feasible Limits for External Deficits and Debt." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 1 (2005): 1850030. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1043.

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Large current account deficits and foreign debt levels remain a source of concern for international financial markets and policymakers. Yet, exactly what an “excessive” external deficit or liability position for an advanced economy is at any time has never been adequately defined. This article addresses the question by proposing new methods for assessing the proximity of current account deficits and the associated foreign debt to their upper bounds. It contends that productive investment fundamentally sets the feasible limit for current account deficits, whereas the capital to output ratio ult

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Yaman, S., İ. Ustoglu, and L. Ucun. "Internal model controller design via H∞ dynamic output feedback." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, no. 3 (2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216649024.

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This paper deals with internal model controller design via [Formula: see text] dynamic output feedback for linear perturbed systems. The study proposes an internal model controller within the perspective of [Formula: see text] dynamic output feedback, utilizing a linear matrix inequality based optimization algorithm. This proposed method is a synthesis of an internal model controller design that has different application fields, as reported in the literature, and an [Formula: see text] dynamic output feedback controller, which has proven its success in several studies. The proposed controller

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Kanno, Masayasu. "Macro stress test for credit risk." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 5 (2015): 554–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-11-2014-0170.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the benchmark model and offer a practical implementation of the macro stress test. The emergence of complicated instruments such as securitized products has rendered the risk management methodologies used in non-crisis periods insufficient. The macro stress test has become prominent as both an internal risk management tool for financial institutions and a way for supervisory authorities to maintain financial stability. However, no practical model is available for transforming macro stress scenarios into the risk parameters of an institution’s i

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Mahlow, Nils, and Joël Wagner. "Process landscape and efficiency in non-life insurance claims management." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 2 (2016): 218–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-07-2015-0069.

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Purpose In view of the fact that claim payouts account for about 70 per cent of annual direct costs in non-life insurance companies and that claims-handling staff sums up to 10-20 per cent of all employees, an optimal claims management environment is of strategic importance. The purpose of this paper is twofold, i.e. on the one hand, the authors introduce a standardized claims management process model and, on the other hand, they apply process benchmarks to various operational parameters. Design/methodology/approach The proposed claims management process landscape comprises current industry st

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Titze, Ingo R., and Eric J. Hunter. "Comparison of Vocal Vibration-Dose Measures for Potential-Damage Risk Criteria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 5 (2015): 1425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-13-0128.

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Purpose Schoolteachers have become a benchmark population for the study of occupational voice use. A decade of vibration-dose studies on the teacher population allows a comparison to be made between specific dose measures for eventual assessment of damage risk. Method Vibration dosimetry is reformulated with the inclusion of collision stress. Two methods of estimating amplitude of vocal-fold vibration are compared to capture variations in vocal intensity. Energy loss from collision is added to the energy-dissipation dose. An equal-energy-dissipation criterion is defined and used on the teacher

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SUPARJI, SUPARJI. "Politics of Legal in Nominee Agreement And Its Practice In Indonesia." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 1 (2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).23.

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This study aims to examine the legal politics of nominee agreement in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical, which conceptualizes the law as what is written in the legislation or the law as a rule or norm that is a benchmark of human behavior that is considered appropriate. This type of legal research is carried out by examining secondary data in the field of law as library data using deductive thinking methods. The results stated that there are no specific rules that override or provide other possibilities related to the issue of absolute ownership of shares by shareholde

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Knechel, W. Robert. "Do Auditing Standards Matter?" Current Issues in Auditing 7, no. 2 (2013): A1—A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ciia-50499.

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SUMMARY Properly understanding the economic role of auditing standards is an important step toward improving both audit effectiveness and efficiency. In this essay, I observe that auditing standards are most important when an auditor may have an incentive to under-audit. While this conclusion may not come as a surprise, the conditions under which standards may, or may not, have a desirable effect on audit quality are less obvious. More specifically, I present a number of observations about what standards can do: Standards can (1) compensate for the lack of observability of the audit outcome by

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21

WALMSLEY, JAMES DANIEL, and ALAN BOND. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING IN SUPPORTING SHARE VALUES IN FTSE100 COMPANIES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 05, no. 02 (2003): 149–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333203001334.

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This paper explores the relationship between corporate environmental reporting and share price performance amongst companies in two industry groups listed on the UK FTSE (Financial Times Stock Exchange) 100 as of the 30th July 2001. The hypothesis tested is that the production of good quality corporate environmental reports (CERs) benefits company share price, by demonstrating to investors an awareness of risk, liability, legislation and opportunities as well as providing a collection of policy, impacts, temporal trends, targets and commitment. Some other studies in this area have concluded th

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22

Hasnat, Tanzeem, and Shahid Ashraf. "Is government borrowing crowding out long term debt resources." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 6 (2018): 1719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-05-2017-0171.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the possibility of financial crowding out in the long-term debt market in India taking the corporate bond market as a proxy. Design/methodology/approach The study follows a two-pronged approach. First, it tests the corporate bond market sensitivity to interest rate, along with other determinants like commercial bank credit and government securities size using the autoregressive distributed lag approach. These are considered instrumental in the development of a long-term debt market. Second, it tests if the interest rate changes ar

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Ruales Guzmán, Bertha Viviana, Gloria Isabel Rodríguez Lozano, and Oscar Fernando Castellanos Domínguez. "Measuring productivity of dairy industry companies: an approach with data envelopment analysis." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 11, no. 2 (2021): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-05-2020-0100.

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PurposeThis research had two main objectives: To measure the productivity of companies in the Colombian dairy industry and to identify efficient decision-making units (DMUs) that can be used as work sample in future case studies.Design/methodology/approachIn the measurement of productivity, financial variables were considered for a sample of 19 DMUs. Efficient companies were identified through the data envelopment analysis (DEAs) methodology with the VRS model oriented to inputs and outputs. The input variables analyzed were “current asset,” “property, plant and equipment,” “non-current liabil

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Wang, Ning, and Maryna Murdock. "A dynamic model of an insurer: loss shocks, capacity constraints and underwriting cycles." Journal of Risk Finance 20, no. 1 (2019): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-03-2018-0051.

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Purpose This paper aims to revisit the assumption of the cyclicality of the property-liability insurance market and identify a scenario in which the so-called underwriting cycles are unpredictable, according to a dynamic cash flow model which generates non-cyclical output dynamics. Design/methodology/approach This paper is on the intersection of real business cycle models and financial cycles. The authors construct a dynamic model of an insurer’s cash flows with stochastic loss shocks and capacity constraints, in which loss shocks have a dual impact on both underwriting profits and access to e

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Chattha, Jamshaid Anwar, Syed Musa Alhabshi, and Ahamed Kameel Mydin Meera. "Risk management with a duration gap approach." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 6 (2020): 1257–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2017-0152.

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Purpose In line with the IFSB and BCBS methodology, the purpose of this study is to undertake a comparative analysis of dual banking systems for asset-liability management (ALM) practices with the duration gap, in Islamic Commercial Banks (ICBs) and Conventional Commercial Banks (CCBs). Based on the research objective, two research questions are developed: How do the duration gaps of ICBs compare with those of similar sized CCBs? Are there any country-specific and regional differences among ICBs in terms of managing their duration gaps? Design/methodology/approach The research methodology comp

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Tang, Enlin, and Song Xu. "Pricing of Embedded Options in Bank Deposits and Loans Based on Jump-Diffusion Interest Rate Model." Complexity 2021 (May 15, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9975536.

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The marketization of interest rate is an inevitable requirement for China’s financial reform and joining the WTO to connect with the international financial market. It is also an important link to improve the marketization degree of China’s financial system. The marketization of interest rate in China is gradually advancing according to its preset mode. In the process of interest rate marketization, an unavoidable problem is that while the interest rate marketization gives the commercial banks the autonomy of capital pricing, the fluctuation of interest rate is more and more frequent. However,

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STEWART, JAMES G. "The End of ‘Modes of Liability’ for International Crimes." Leiden Journal of International Law 25, no. 1 (2012): 165–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000653.

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AbstractModes of liability, such as ordering, instigation, superior responsibility, and joint criminal liability, are arguably the most-discussed topics in modern international criminal justice. In recent years, a wide range of scholars have rebuked some of these modes of liability for compromising basic concepts in liberal notions of blame attribution, thereby reducing international defendants to mere instruments for the promotion of wider sociopolitical objectives. Critics attribute this willingness to depart from orthodox concepts of criminal responsibility to international forces, be they

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Montañés, María Ángela Jiménez, and Susana Villaluenga de Gracia. "“Sustainability of Information” as a New Subject in University Degrees in Business Management and Administration: Reporting of Non-financial Information — Spanish Case." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 6 (2019): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/06.10.2019/002.

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The implementation of curricula of degree, within the framework of the European space of higher education (EEES) has been a substantial change in University learning. The student spent acquire knowledge, competencies, being considered as “an identifiable and measurable set of knowledge, attitudes, values and skills related that allow satisfactory performance in real-life situations of work, according to the standards used in the occupational area” (Van-der Hofstadt & Gómez, 2013, p. 30). More specifically, we talk about generic skills, which are the cognitive, social, emotional and ethical

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Wang, Zezhou, Jaehyun Choi, Peter Dove, et al. "TTI-281, an Orally Bioavailable Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain (BET) Inhibitor, Is a Promising Candidate for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2095.2095.

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Abstract Although recent advances in the development of multiple myeloma (MM) therapies such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents have improved patient outcomes, MM remains incurable. Additional therapeutic agents with high efficacy, low toxicity and the convenience of oral administration are in high demand. BET inhibitors, such as JQ-1, have been considered as potential therapeutic agents for MM. In the present study, we report that TTI-281, an orally bioavailable BET inhibitor, displays anti-MM activity with a low toxicity profile in preclinical studies. First, TTI-281 was te

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Qadri, Muhammad Yasir, Nadia N. Qadri, Martin Fleury, and Klaus D. McDonald-Maier. "Software-Controlled Instruction Prefetch Buffering for Low-End Processors." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 10 (2015): 1550161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615501613.

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This paper proposes a method of buffering instructions by software-based prefetching. The method allows low-end processors to improve their instruction throughput with a minimum of additional logic and power consumption. Low-end embedded processors do not employ caches for mainly two reasons. The first reason is that the overhead of cache implementation in terms of energy and area is considerable. The second reason is that, because a cache's performance primarily depends on the number of hits, an increasing number of misses could cause a processor to remain in stall mode for a longer duration.

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Zhang, Lili, Dong Wei, Yuyao Hou, et al. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051961.

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Urban parks are an important component of urban public green space and a public place where a large number of urban residents choose to conduct outdoor activities. An important factor attracting people to visit and stay in urban parks is its outdoor thermal comfort, which is also an important criterion for evaluating the liability of the urban environment. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in Chengdu, China was studied in winter and summer. Result indicated that (1) dif

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SANCHEZ-GRAELLS, Albert. "Assessing the Public Administration’s Intention in EU Economic Law: Chasing Ghosts or Dressing Windows?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 18 (May 16, 2016): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cel.2016.4.

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AbstractHere I reflect on the role of subjective or intentional elements in EU economic law prohibitions, particularly in relation to rules concerning public administration. From a normative perspective, it is desirable to suppress the need for an assessment of subjective intent and to proceed with an objectified enforcement of such prohibitions. With this in view, I consider public procurement and Member State aid rules as two examples of areas of EU economic law subjected to interpretative and enforcement difficulties due to the introduction – sometimes veiled – of subjective elements in the

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Monroe, James J., Keith Q. Tanis, Alexei A. Podtelezhnikov, et al. "Application of a Rat Liver Drug Bioactivation Transcriptional Response Assay Early in Drug Development That Informs Chemically Reactive Metabolite Formation and Potential for Drug-induced Liver Injury." Toxicological Sciences 177, no. 1 (2020): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa088.

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Abstract Drug-induced liver injury is a major reason for drug candidate attrition from development, denied commercialization, market withdrawal, and restricted prescribing of pharmaceuticals. The metabolic bioactivation of drugs to chemically reactive metabolites (CRMs) contribute to liver-associated adverse drug reactions in humans that often goes undetected in conventional animal toxicology studies. A challenge for pharmaceutical drug discovery has been reliably selecting drug candidates with a low liability of forming CRM and reduced drug-induced liver injury potential, at projected therape

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Murphy, Christopher, and Stuart A. Higgins. "Australia offshore well inventory characterisation and decommissioning cost saving opportunities through cap rock restoration and rigless/riserless techniques." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20118.

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This research utilises the Geoscience Australia and NOPIMS public database to characterise the national inventory of active offshore oil and gas (O&amp;G) wells and, through representative examples of dry and wet completions, establish the current well decommissioning cost opportunities associated with using riserless and rigless techniques to restore cap rock. These techniques have been successfully applied in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and this study explores the potential savings and barriers to adoption in the Australian offshore operating and regulatory context. Third party studies (Bil

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Al-Kasasbeh, Maha, Osama Abudayyeh, Hosam Olimat, Hexu Liu, Rabia Al Mamlook, and Bilal Abu Alfoul. "A Robust Construction Safety Performance Evaluation Framework for Workers’ Compensation Insurance: A Proposed Alternative to EMR." Buildings 11, no. 10 (2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100434.

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The construction work environment remains one of the most hazardous among all industries. Construction injuries directly impact the workers and the work itself, including personal suffering, construction delays, productivity losses, higher insurance premiums, and possible liability suits for all parties involved in the project. The costs resulting from personal injuries, combined with the associated financial impact resulting from schedule disruptions, insurance hikes, and workers’ compensation, can impact a project’s profitability. Many of these impacts can be minimized or avoided through the

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Sidorenko, Elina L., and Pierre Von Arx. "Transformation of law in the context of digitalization: defining the correct priorities." Digital Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/dlj-2020-1-1-24-38.

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The subject under analysis is the peculiarities around the legal regulation of digital technologies and products arising from digital technologies. The choice of this topic was predetermined by the active development of digital services and digital financial assets, and the necessity to adapt modern legislation to the needs of the digital economy. Despite the fact that several strategies for the development of digital law are being worked out at the level of international organizations, neither in theory nor in practice is there a single understanding of the legal nature of digital technologie

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Safonchyk, Oksana, and Artem Ripenko. "GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION AS THE MAIN PREREQUISITE FOR NARROWING THE CORRUPTION SPACE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-193-202.

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Political corruption as a social phenomenon exists in virtually all countries of the world, including those that most researchers consider as “benchmarks” in terms of the development of democracy. At the same time, there is a steady tendency towards the growth of political corruption and the evolution of corruption practices in developed democratic countries. Problems of political corruption in the professional literature are given a lot of attention but the issues related to the peculiarities of the experience of fighting political corruption in the EU in the context of the introduction of ap

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Ryan, Ronald J. "Custom Liability Index:The Proper Benchmark." Journal of Index Investing, February 11, 2015, 150211054758003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jii.2015.2015.1.033.

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Nottage, Luke R., and Jocelyn Kellam. "Europeanisation of Product Liability in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Preliminary Empirical Benchmark." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.986530.

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Khoury, Grace, Mira T. El-Far, Elena Noor Khoury, and George Tovstiga. "Internationalisation of developing economy small and medium-sized enterprises: social capital and learning in Palestinian pharmaceutical firms." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-06-2020-0230.

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PurposeThe paper examines the role of learning through social capital on the internationalisation process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based within extreme contexts. The study focuses on the Palestinian pharmaceutical industry.Design/methodology/approachThe inductive, exploratory research used in this study adopts a case study approach. Data derived from semi-structured in-depth interviews held with senior management and companies' founders were analysed using content and thematic analysis techniques.FindingsThe findings suggest that accumulated learning by SMEs seeking interna

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Britz, Volker, Hans Gersbach, and Hans Haller. "Deposit insurance and reinsurance." Annals of Finance, July 29, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10436-021-00387-3.

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AbstractWe study the consequences and optimal design of bank deposit insurance and reinsurance in a general equilibrium setting. The model involves two production sectors, financed by bonds and bank loans, respectively. Financial intermediation by banks is required in the model as we assume that one of the production sectors is risky and requires monitoring by banks. Households fund banks through deposits and equity. Deposits are explicitly insured and banks pay a premium per unit of deposits. Any remaining shortfall is implicitly guaranteed by the government. Two types of equilibria emerge: O

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Costache, Mirela Paula. "THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF CIVIL LIABILITY. FUNDAMENTAL BENCHMARKS." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v7i2.539.

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This study examines the concept of liability, as seen from a social perspective, whetherwe relate to civil liability as an essential form of manifestation of essential legal liability. Thecivil liability is not a creation of the law, but it finds the values that it defends in the socialnormativity, as the law emerged along with the society.

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Vitali, Sebastiano, and Vittorio Moriggia. "Pension fund management with investment certificates and stochastic dominance." Annals of Operations Research, November 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03855-7.

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Abstract This paper considers an extension of the common asset universe of a pension fund to investment certificates. Investment certificates are a class of structured products particularly interesting for their special payoff structures and they are acquiring relevancy in the worldwide markets. In fact, some subclasses of certificates offer loss protection and show high liquidity and, thus, they can be very appreciated by pension fund managers. We consider the problem of a pension fund manager who has to implement an Asset and Liability Management model trying to achieve a long-term sustainab

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