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Journal articles on the topic 'Liability for damages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Adamov, Norbert. "Liability of vehicle operators for building defects - Possibilities based on doctrinal and comparative explication." Bratislava Law Review 1, no. 2 (2017): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2017.1.2.75.

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By operation of means of transport some damage may not appear suddenly but after long repeated influence. In such cases application of causality test ‘conditio sine qua non’ leads to the result that if it is not possible to determine some liable persons unambiguously, damages bears the damaged person. Such a conclusion is not in accordance with the conception of the heightened level of legal protection of damaged persons in cases of strict liability, which is also liability for damages caused by operation of means of transport. The solution may lies in the application of alternative causality

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2

Brans, Edward H. P. "Liability for Damage to Public Natural Resources under the 2004 EC Environmental Liability Directive: Standing and Assessment of Damages." Environmental Law Review 7, no. 2 (2005): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146145290500700202.

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This article focuses on the April 2004 EC Directive on Environmental Liability (Directive 2004/35/CE). It examines its measure of damages, its framework for assessing damages and its provisions regarding the issue of standing. Comparisons will regularly be made with the United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, its natural resource damage regulations and its provisions on locus standi. Finally, a comparison is made with international civil liability conventions that cover damage to natural resources. The goal of the analysis is to show that the Directive's rules on assessing damages are inspire

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3

Janků, Martin. "Liability of statutory organs in limited liability companies." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 2 (2011): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159020121.

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Statutory organs of business companies (and similarly of co-operatives) have numerous obligations imposed by generally binding provisions; relied with these is the liability for non-fulfilment of the latter. Some of the obligations are imposed directly by the laws, some are assumed on contractual basis. Their infringements may lead to the liability for the situation and consequences occurred. The regulation of the liability of persons engaged in the company’s bodies covers persons that are entrusted by the management of foreign assets. Sometimes these are in fact not entirely foreign assets be

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4

Katasheva, A. "Employee liability for damage." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 3 (2019): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/40/56.

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This article deals with topical issues of employee liability for damage caused, the amount of damage compensation. Based on the analysis of scientific opinions of Russian scientists, the problems of establishing worker’s liability for damages in labor legislation are investigated; there is no common understanding of the institution of material liability, which causes difficulty in identifying the fact of liability in current practice.

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5

Woody, William Douglas. "The Influence of Liability Information, Severity of Injury, and Attitudes toward Vengeance on Damage Awards." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (2008): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.239-258.

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This jury simulation study explored the effects of liability-related descriptive information, severity of injury, and attitudes toward vengeance on damage awards. 311 individual mock jurors read a trial summary describing a plaintiff injured in a motor vehicle accident. Half of the participants read liability-related descriptive information, theoretically unrelated to judgments concerning damages, and the other half did not. Half read about a mildly injured plaintiff, and the other half read about a severely injured plaintiff. In Phase 1 participants decided compensatory awards and in Phase 2

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6

Petrović Tomić, Nataša. "Liability Insurance as a (Social) Response to the Changing Regulatory Framework: From Prohibited to Compulsory." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/anali_pfub_20404a.

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The article analyzes the relationship between the institutions of liability and liability insurance, aimed at identifying the modalities of their interaction. Insurance indisputably affects the development and scope of tort law, but this influence is not one-sided. At the present development level it has been noted that liability insurance also plays an indispensable role in indemnity litigation. The development path of liability insurance shows that the developed legal order entails two mutually compatible systems. Whilst objective liability for damages is the response to numerous activities

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7

Lee, Chang-Hyun. "Product Liability and Punitive Damages." Justice 172 (June 30, 2019): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29305/tj.2019.06.172.5.

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8

Tridimas, Takis. "Member State Liability in Damages." Cambridge Law Journal 55, no. 3 (1996): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300100327.

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9

Mihailović, Nikola. "The state liability for damages caused by its judicial authorities." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 75, no. 9-10 (2003): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0312409m.

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A breach of any right or freedom under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, leads to but is not limited to liability of the State for damages. That liability is much stricter than the State liability for damage provided according to the domestic law provisions currently in force. The current provisions on State liability for the work of its judiciary do not include the damage caused by improper interpretation and application of the relevant legal provisions. In contrast, the liability of the Council of Europe Member States for the damage caused by their j

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10

Jurkowska-Gomułka, Agata. "How to Throw the Baby out with the Bath Water. A Few Remarks on the Currently Accepted Scope of Civil Liability for Antitrust Damages." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 8, no. 12 (2015): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2015.8.12.3.

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The Damages Directive introduces the right to ‘full compensation’ and the principle of ‘joint and several liability’ for antitrust damages (Article 3(1) and Article 11(1) respectively). The Directive does not determine the type of damage that can be awarded in civil proceedings. In theory, there are thus no barriers to establish punitive, multiple or other damages. In practice, it is rather unlikely that such types of damages will be awarded after the implementation of the Directive due to the ban placed on overcompensation in its Article 2(3). This paper will try to decode the concept of ‘ful

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11

Andreev, Yu N., and A. P. Zolotarev. "ON THE MEASURES OF CIVIL LEGAL LIABILITY: THEORETICAL ASPECTS." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (2018): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-175-181.

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The work is devoted to topical problems of the civil theory of civil legal liability measures. The authors propose their classification of the measures of civil legal liability, give a brief description of some types of these measures, make reasoned proposals for further development of legislation in the field under studies. The authors of the proposed article refer compensation (recovery) of damages, recovery of penalties (fines, penalties), interests, loss of deposit, payment of deposit in double size, compensation to the measures of civil liability:. There are legitimate, contractual, precl

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12

Marsi, Edit, and János Márk Kiss. "Az egészségügyi dolgozók munkajogi felelőssége az egészségügyi szolgáltatás nyújtásával összefüggésben a betegnek okozott kárért." Debreceni Jogi Műhely 12, no. 1-2 (2015): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24169/djm/2015/1-2/6.

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The doctor-patient relationship requires set rules for liability considering the nature of professional norms on medicine and the protection of human life and health. According to these rules, the healthcare provideris vicariously liable for damages suffered as a consequence of healthcare servicesprovided to the patient. In such cases– on the grounds of labor law rules – the healthcare providermay transfer liability to its employee. Considering recent amendments of labor law regulations, it is essential to summarize and analyze relevant labor law norms relatedto medical liability. The em

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13

Rothenberg, Naomi R. "Auditor Reputation Concerns, Legal Liability, and Standards." Accounting Review 95, no. 3 (2019): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52523.

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ABSTRACT This paper studies how legal liability due to negligence can weaken or strengthen an auditor's reputation concerns in the client market to provide high audit effort. A negligence liability rule relies on auditing standards to provide a threshold for the level of due care. When the negligence standard is lax, legal liability can weaken the auditor's reputation incentives, with lower audit effort than without legal liability. If the damage payment is low, noncompliance is less costly, because with compliance, reputational concerns cause the auditor to provide higher costly audit effort

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14

Ellington, Charles R., Martey Dodoo, Robert Phillips, Ronald Szabat, Larry Green, and Kim Bullock. "State Tort Reforms and Hospital Malpractice Costs." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 1 (2010): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00472.x.

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Medical liability remains a major concern among U.S. physicians, and according to the American Medical Association (AMA) the United States is currently experiencing its third fullblown medical liability crisis with many physicians limiting their practices as a result of rising malpractice costs. The AMA, many in the medical community, and several prominent politicians including former president George W. Bush have called for medical liability reform including caps on non-economic damages. Some researchers argue that the medical liability crisis has been overdrawn. Several studies have shown th

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15

Trenyisán, Máté. "A munkáltató kártérítési felelőssége az atipikus munkaviszonyokban." Erdélyi Jogélet 3, no. 4 (2021): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/erjog.2020.04.15.

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"Employers’ liability for damages is an extremely strict, no-fault liability. In practically all cases, employers are liable for employment-related damages suffered by employees. Rules on employers’ liability for damages has been changed in many aspects by the Hungarian code of labour law in the private sector, Act I of 2012 on the Labour Code (hereinafter referred to as Labour Code). These changes have introduced some, generally private law institutions into the assessment of liability, such as the foreseeability clause. The application of these rules raises a lot of questions even in typical

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16

Babakov, V. A. "The mechanism of civil protection of the state in the aspect of differentiation of civil liability of officials for harm caused by state." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 3, no. 1 (2016): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18134.

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The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the regulation of civil liability of officials for damages caused by the state to the other participants of civil relations. According to the results of historical analysis of legislative regulation of the issue to the attention of the reader the mechanism of civil protection of the state, allowing, under certain conditions, to raise the issue of direct liability of officials for damages caused to the state damage.

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17

Havu, Katri, and Suvi Kurki-Suonio. "Damages Liability of the EU for Harm Caused by Excessive Duration of Court Proceedings." European Public Law 27, Issue 2 (2021): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2021014.

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In January 2017, the European Union was ordered to pay damages to two companies because of excessively long court proceedings before the General Court, the first time such an order had been made. At this point, a number of EU Courts’ judgments that address damages liability for excessively long court proceedings can be found. According to the European Court of Justice, a damages claim is an appropriate and effective remedy in a case of a failure to adjudicate within a reasonable time. This contribution systematizes and analyses recent EU level case law regarding the excessive duration of court

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18

Kanatova-Buchkova, Veselina. "THE LIABILITY OF THE STATE FOR DAMAGE CLAIMS RESULT OF VIOLATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW." Economics & Law 2, no. 2 (2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/el.swu.v2i2.7.

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The article deals with the questions connected with different court procedures on damage claims grounded in State and Municipalities Liability for Damages Act (1989) result of illegal acts of Bulgarian administrative bodies. The article designates the specific issues of the state liability including the issues connected with the new regulation of the court liability for violation of the European Union law.

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19

Hwang, Wonjae. "Liability for Damages Caused by Advertorial." Korea Law Review 91 (December 31, 2018): 347–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36532/kulri.2018.91.347.

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20

Zielińska, Monika. "Legal liability issues for mining damages." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 11, no. 2 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2017.11.2.85.

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21

Vornicu, Roxana. "The Sufficiently Serious Breach Test in Action. Damages in Procurement Law and a Tale of Three Courts: the CJEU, the UK Supreme Court and the EFTA Court." European Public Law 25, Issue 4 (2019): 587–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2019032.

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This article reflects on the conditions to trigger liability of contracting authorities for breach of public procurement rules and examines whether public procurement damages should be categorized as a particularization of the principle ofMember State liability or as a special remedy for breach of procurement rules. The article focuses on two controversial decisions, one rendered by the UK Supreme Court and the other by the EFTA Court which reached opposite conclusions as regards the nature of this remedy and the conditions to trigger liability, the controversy being whether the Francovich con

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22

Ostrikova, L. K. "An Institution of Liability for Causing Harm: A Current State and Ways of Improvement." Actual Problems of Russian Law 1, no. 12 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.109.12.043-052.

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The concept of harm has been examined in the context of the current legislation, doctrine, judicial practice. The paper has determined characteristic cases of causing harm to the participants of relations regulated under civil law. It is concluded that the absence of a legal definition of the concept of harm has resulted in the confusion of the legal categories “causing harm” and “causing damages” as a condition for tort liability in public law and judicial practice. The author has given her own classification of types of harm and determined classification of property damage. The paper has cla

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23

Chun, Se-Hak, and Jeong-Yoo Kim. "Vicarious Liability Under a Strict Liability Rule." Asian Journal of Law and Economics 12, no. 3 (2021): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ajle-2021-0045.

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Abstract In this article, we extend the model of Newman, H., and D. Wright. 1990. “Strict Liability in a Principal-Agent Model.” International Review of Law and Economics 10: 219–231 and strengthens their result that the strict liability can attain social optimum in a principal-agent relation to the situation in which the court appreciates any contractual terms regarding apportionment of damages between an employer and an employee under vicarious liability rule. Our model also generalizes and extends vicarious liability to the negligence-based liability rule.

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24

Jug, Jadranko. "Odgovornost za štetu i naknada štete počinjene ratnim zločinom." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 39, no. 1 (2018): 601–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.39.1.20.

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<span>War crimes are the most serious criminal offences, which in terms of their characteristics are related to violations of the rules of international law during a war, armed conflict and occupation. One of the consequences of the commission of war crimes is material and non-material harm, caused as a rule to a large number of people. Therefore liability for damages and reparation of the harm caused to the victims of war crimes is equally as important as the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators themselves. In the territory of the Republic of Croatia and neighbouring Bosnia and Herz

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Goldsmith, Barbara J., Tara K. Waikem, and Tara Franey. "Environmental Damage Liability Regimes Concerning Oil Spills - A Global Review and Comparison." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 2172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.2172.

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ABSTRACT Recently, there have been a number of key developments related to oil spill-related liability worldwide. These developments include: the recent expansion of damages under the European Union Environmental Liability Directive to all marine water; proposed changes to the Canadian offshore oil legislation that would allow for the specific recovery of environmental damages; implementation of US legislation which directs recovered funds from an oil spill to be used in the affected area; and more. This paper will identify and describe the various environmental liability regimes in different

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26

Özsunay, Ergun. "Medical Liability and Liability of Health Institutions in Turkish Law." European Journal of Health Law 14, no. 4 (2007): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092902707x261294.

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AbstractThis article deals with medical liability of doctors and health institutions under Turkish law. Medical liability is based usually on a medical treatment agreement. This agreement is qualified as "mandate" (Auftrag). Under this agreement doctors are obliged to carry out medical intervention and treatment in accordance with professional standards. Informed consent is a prerequisite for all medical interventions. Treatment without patient's informed consent is a ground of liability. As regards treatment in hospitals medical treatment agreement is concluded between patient and hospital ma

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Bílek, Stanislav, Zdeněk Caha, and Vendula Velková. "The state’s responsibility towards entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic for the measures adopted in relation to the epidemic of coronavirus." SHS Web of Conferences 91 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219101037.

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This paper briefly analyses the legislation of the state’s liability for the measures adopted in relation to the epidemic of coronavirus in the period of the state of emergency, it especially deals with the state’s liability for damage accrued upon entrepreneurs in a casual relation to the restriction of the right to engage in enterprise. The aim of the paper is to carry out a legal analysis of liability for damage according to the Crisis Act on one hand, and of liability for damage caused by the terminated measures of the state according to the Act referring to the protection of public health

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Сагандыков, Михаил, and Mikhail Sagandykov. "On the Constitutionality of Extrajudicial Subjection of Workers to Material Liability." Journal of Russian Law 1, no. 11 (2013): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1146.

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Article contains the analysis of problems connected with procedure of compensation of damages, which the employee caused to the employer. The question of the constitutionality of the procedure of compensation of damages by the employer irrespective of a consent of the employee is considered. The employee needs to give more possibilities for the protection of constitutional rights when damage is compensated extrajudicially.

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Orlov, Vladimir. "Liability in Russian Corporate Law." ATHENS JOURNAL OF LAW 7, no. 1 (2020): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.7-1-1.

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Liability issues related to corporate activities are primarily regulated by general and special rules of the Civil Law in Russia that are mainly dispositive. The general liability rules consist of tort and contract liability provisions of the Civil Code. Special corporate norms are, in turn, included in the Civil Code provisions on juristic persons and legislation regulating corporate forms, and they concern liability of founders, shareholders and corporation as well as executives of corporation. The main form of civil liability is compensation for damages, the award for which generally requir

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Lior, Anat. "AI Strict Liability Vis-À-Vis AI Monopolization." Science and Technology Law Review 22, no. 1 (2021): 90–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/stlr.v22i1.8055.

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Some argue that applying a strict liability regime on AI-inflicted damages may allow well-financed big AI companies to monopolize the industry. They hypothesize that a strict liability regime would expose AI companies to significant legal liability. Since small AI companies lack the necessary resources to pay for damages inflicted by their AI technology, a strict liability regime could erect barriers to entry for these small companies. Ultimately, the argument continues, such a regime would give a small group of companies a virtual monopoly on the AI industry. Thus, some conclude that strict l

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31

Yoon, Seok-Chan. "Punitive Damages Theory in Product Liability Act." Justice 63 (December 31, 2017): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29305/tj.2017.12.63.6.

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32

신권철. "Illegal Involuntary Admission and Liability for Damages." Seoul Law Review 25, no. 2 (2017): 231–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15821/slr.2017.25.2.007.

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33

Bell, Andrew P. "Product Liability Damages in England & Wales." Anglo-American Law Review 20, no. 3 (1991): 371–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147377959102000312.

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Čerka, Paulius, Jurgita Grigienė, and Gintarė Sirbikytė. "Liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence." Computer Law & Security Review 31, no. 3 (2015): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2015.03.008.

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Junhao, Ren. "National Compensation Liability for Cross-Border Damages." Advance in Law 3, no. 2 (2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/al.0303015.

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Awford, Ian. "Punitive damages in aviation produces liability cases." Air and Space Law 10, Issue 1 (1985): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1985001.

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ARAUJO TEIXEIRA DA SILVA, RAPHAELA. "A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO POR DANOS DECORRENTES DE ATOS JUDICIAIS." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, no. 210 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-210-9238.

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The civil liability of the State for damages resulting from judicial acts is a subject much debated in the scope of jurisprudence and doctrine. As it is known the discussion on the civil liability of the State is old and extends to the present day, throughout history an attempt has been made to analyze the breadth of this type of liability and its impacts on society, and with the damages arising from non-judicial acts it was different. Although the institute of civil liability is comprehensive, this work will restrict itself to the discussion around the possibility of state liability in indemn

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Wang, Qiang. "In a Cage of Law: Liability Imputation System in the Tort Law on Kept Animals A ChineseGerman Comparative Study." European Review of Private Law 27, Issue 3 (2019): 617–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2019030.

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The imputation of liability for damages caused by kept animals found in China’s Tort Law is a unique, synthetic, and multidimensional dual system. On the one hand, hazard-based liability is the dominant factor, and on the other is fault-based liability the auxiliary factor. The Tort Law on kept animals is oriented towards the types of liability for damages caused by kept animals, rather than towards categories of animal types, and it categorizes liability degrees under both normal and special circumstances. While underlining the merits achieved by this liability imputation system in terms of i

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Neild, David. "Vicarious Liability and the Employment Rationale." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 44, no. 3/4 (2013): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v44i3/4.4973.

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This article argues that the employment relationship should remain the underpinning rationale for vicarious liability. The article draws a distinction between cases where liability is imposed because the defendant is an employer, and those where liability is based on agency. Other non-employment vicarious liability cases are distinguished using liability for breach of non-delegable duties. The article also considers English cases where vicarious liability has been extended to relationships with similar characteristics to employment, and argues that this approach should be preferred to the New

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Nyka, Maciej. "State Responsibility for Climate Change Damages." Review of European and Comparative Law 45, no. 2 (2021): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.12246.

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The state’s liability for damages in the field of climate change remains one of those areas of international law that has not yet been comprehensively regulated. At present, the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage, specific to the norms of international climate law, is not an alternative to the general principles of international law regulating responsibility and compensation issues of the states in the sphere of international climate law. The application of customary international legal mechanisms of responsibility of states in relation to climate damage can be a kind of challe

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Morgan, Jonathan. "TUMULTUOUS CONTROVERSY: POLICE LIABILITY FOR RIOTING." Cambridge Law Journal 74, no. 3 (2015): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315000811.

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THE Riot (Damages) Act 1886 rarely looms large in the legal imagination. It is brief and apparently straightforward. Section 2(1) of the Act obliges police authorities to compensate owners whose property has been damaged by “persons riotously and tumultuously assembled together” in their area. There is, notably, no requirement to show that the police were at fault. Two appellate cases on the Act arose from disturbances at the Yarl's Wood detention centre in 2002 (see D.J. Feldman [2010] C.L.J. 433). The London (and nationwide) riots of 2011 have occasioned further consideration.

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Askeland, Bjarte. "Liability for Means of Mass Transportation in Scandinavia." Journal of European Tort Law 9, no. 2 (2018): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2018-0109.

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Abstract The article presents an overview of Norwegian law with regard to damages caused by means of mass transportation by buses, railways and airplanes. The author explains why and how in Norway, as elsewhere in Scandinavia, there is strict liability for damages caused by means of mass transportation. Also the assessment of damages in the mentioned categories is discussed. For personal injuries there are no caps for trains or buses, partly because a greater part of the loss of income is covered by social security benefits, something which is typical of the ‘Nordic model’. Along the same line

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Venchiarutti, Angelo. "The Recognition of Punitive Damages in Italy: A commentary on Cass Sez Un 5 July 2017, 16601, AXO Sport, SpA v NOSA Inc." Journal of European Tort Law 9, no. 1 (2018): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2018-0105.

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AbstractFollowing the decision of the First Division of the Court of Cassation issued on May 16, 2016, the United Section of the Italian Court of Cassation delivered a very important ruling on 5 July 2017 deciding – for the very first time – in favour of the enforceability of US punitive damages in Italy.The decision of the Joint Divisions of the Court of Cassation was based on the following arguments: a) more than one provision of the Italian legislative framework already attributes to damage compensation a scope that goes far beyond the mere restoration of the prejudice suffered by the victi

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Mackiewicz, Marta. "The Condition of Fault in Private Enforcement of Competition Law – a Comparative Analysis of U.S. v. Polish and European Approach." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 12, no. 21 (2020): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2020.13.21.3.

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The purpose of the Polish Act on Claims for Damages for Remedying the Damage Caused by Infringements of Competition Law, based on and implementing EU law – the Damages Directive, was to enable undertakings to effectively use private enforcement of their damages claims from competition law offenders. Infringement of competition law is classified as a tort according to the said Act on Claims. Therefore, the Act on Claims refers to tort liability rules. The conditions of classic tort liability in domestic law do not have exactly the same dogmatic meaning and scope as the conditions of public or p

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Mohammadi, Zahra, and Ghavam Karimi. "Review of Issues Related to Crisis and Its Management in Civil Liability Law." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p9.

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Civil liability is a responsibility, which exist against damage caused and made causing damage to compensate. Civil liability means a liability to pay damages. So wherever someone is responsible for compensation against other one, there is civil liability. Civil liability laws enacted in 1960,there is no definition about responsibility and responsibility of the person has brought based on intentionally or fault of the natural or legal person including ordinary people or government employees and doesn’t say a word of Cairo forces in the realization of civil responsibility of states. There is a

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Kochanowski, Maciej. "Badanie przewidywalności szkody zgodnie z art. 74 zd. 2 Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych o umowach międzynarodowej sprzedaży towarów (CISG)." Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego 29 (December 28, 2021): 39–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pppm.2021.29.02.

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Contractual liability for damages is not limitless, which is also reflected in provisions of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the Internatiownal Sale of Goods (CISG). Limitation of liability can be introduced in several ways; in CISG Convention this was achieved by limiting the liability to foreseeable damages. In Polish scholarship this issue has received only minimal attention. The author of the contribution focuses on the interpretation of Art. 74 second sentence of the CISG. The aim of the contribution is to elaborate on key normative elements affecting the proper evaluation of t

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J., Locke. "Contracting Out, Grievance Procedure and Union Liability." Jurisprudence du travail 15, no. 2 (2014): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022036ar.

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Summary Though the preferential wiring clause did not apply to an independant contractor, the union could not put him off the job, the matter beeing one which should have been dealt with accordingly under the grievance procedure clause. The union a legal entity, by the use of illegal means, caused damage to the respondent and is liable in damages for its wrongful acts, through the act of the union was not done in connection with a trade dispute.

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Flis, Marian. "Ecological, legal and economic aspects of evaluating the damages caused by wild animals / Ekologiczne, prawne i ekonomiczne aspekty oceny szkód wyrządzanych przez dzikie zwierzęta." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 24, no. 3 (2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2013-0029.

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Abstract This paper presents the ecological grounds of interaction between animals and their living habitats, which in economic terms is referred to as damages. In addition, an analysis of the legal and economic aspects of the liability for damages caused by wild animals in different types of natural habitats was carried out. Liability for damages is a special law in relation to the general principles of civil law in this area. At the same time, it is also limited, both objectively and subjectively. The increase in the interaction of animals with environments, which results directly in the siz

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Schoemaker, Paul J. H., and Joyce A. Schoemaker. "Estimating Environmental Liability: Quantifying the Unknown." California Management Review 37, no. 3 (1995): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165798.

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In 1990, a Missouri jury awarded $16.2 million in damages to a family that sued Georgia-Pacific and Temple Industries for health effects suffered from particleboard in their home. In 1992, Boeing agreed to pay more than $500,000 to settle a suit filed by a former employee who claimed that his leukemia was caused by exposure to electromagnetic radiation. There are now about 500.000 known hazardous waste sites in the United States. which will cost at least $1.7 trillion to remediate (according to the EPA). In September 1994, an Alaskan jury imposed the largest punitive five in history on Exxon—$

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Battah, Mohammad. "Liability Limits of Transport Commission Agent." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 10, no. 1 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2021.10.1.119.138.

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Considering the importance of transport commission agent's work and through the examination of transport commission agent's liability, the intensity and burden of transport commission agent's liability is shown. The legal nature of a transport commission agent's obligation is an obligation to achieve a result, thus he usually has to contract out of liability, either through the legal limits of liability where the law established the legal exemptions that the transport commission agent would benefit from, as well as the agreement limits of liability through the cases in which the law allowed th

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