Dissertations / Theses: 'Liability for sports injuries'

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McFadden, Owen M. "An analysis and comparison of court holdings dealing with tort liability for injuries sustained in public school and higher education programs of physical education, athletics and intramural sports from 1977-1987." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54241.

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Physical education programs, athletic programs and intramural sports programs are a vital part of the American educational system. However, since the mid-sixties, there has been an increase in sports injury litigation against the teachers and coaches who direct and supervise these programs. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study was to report the legal liability of elementary, secondary and higher education physical educators, athletic coaches and intramural sports directors from 1977-1987. In addition this study compared the holdings of the court cases from 1977-1987 to the holdings of the court cases found in five unpublished manuscripts. From 1977 to 1987 there were 92 elementary and secondary lawsuits and 19 college lawsuits involving these professionals, including their supervisors. There were 41 cases involving liability against the boards of education and boards of trustees. The groups were found not liable in 23 of the cases. The primary reason for not being liable was their protection from suit because of the doctrine of governmental immunity. However, in states where the doctrine of governmental immunity did not exist boards of education and boards of trustees were found liable for improper supervision, lack of proper medical assistance and creating a dangerous situation or hazard. Sixteen cases were reported against school employees. In 10 of the cases the court rulings were held against these employees. The reasons included: improper supervision, failure to follow state athletic association rules and improper instruction. Cases held in favor of the school employees resulted when: employees were acting within the scope of their employment, the employees were providing adequate supervision and instruction and the students purposely disregarded safety rules. The results of this study, when compared to five previous studies, indicated that even though the number of cases reported were similar the present study showed an increase in the number of decisions favoring the plaintiff at the elementary and secondary level. Also, the present study revealed an increase of 250% in the number of lawsuits reported at the college level and a 23% increase in the number of cases favoring the plaintiff.
Ed. D.

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Switzer, Aaron Gray. "State Created Danger and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Texas Schools: A Legal Examination." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157591/.

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The recent breakthroughs in the research of brain trauma as it relates to athletics has revealed never before seen damage linked with football participation. Known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), it is caused by activities inherent to the sport of football. School sponsored football has been granted immunity through case law and legislation in Texas. Recent research however indicates a different type of injury than those that school districts have been protected of liability from. This will provide a challenge to the immunity school districts have enjoyed regarding football. One route to abrogation of immunity is the state created danger provision established by the Supreme Court. The Fifth Circuit Court whose jurisdiction includes Texas has yet to officially adopt the state created danger theory. This research examined legal precedent to determine the challenge CTE may present the various layers of immunity surrounding school sponsored football in Texas.

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Schneider, Jillian Claire Zillmer Eric Moelter Stephen T. "Emotional sequelae of sports-related injuries : concussive and orthopedic injuries /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1115.

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Brandt, Denver Charles. "Civil liability of an employer for injuries on duty." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1042.

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The workplace has evolved dramatically in the past decades. Technology has improved, innovative ways of utilising nuclear power have been developed, new chemicals have been introduced to the market and the adverse effects of other chemicals on both human health and safety and the environment have been discovered. This has influenced the nature of the workplace itself. While employees enjoy a common law right to a safe working environment and health and safety, state intervention currently provides restricted claims to an employee who has sustained injuries or contracted occupational diseases. This thesis explores the effect of section 35 of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993 which deprives an employee of its common law right to institute civil action against an employer for an injury sustained or disease contracted during the course and scope of employment. Furthermore, this thesis also explores the marriage between the Occupational Health and Safety Act 89 of 1993 and the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993 as well as the position of ‘employee’ and ‘employer’ insofar as the scope and application of these two acts are concerned with specific reference to the position of labour broker employees. The use of indemnity clauses and its validity in South Africa will also be explored and discussed. This thesis also dedicates a chapter to the leading case authority of Jooste v Score Supermarket Trading (Pty) Ltd and its effect insofar as the enforcement and application of section 35 of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993 is concerned. It is impossible to mention all the changes in the workplace that have occurred in the recent years, and this discussion therefore focuses on the current position of employees who have been deprived of their common law right to institute delictual action for damages resulting from an injury sustained while on duty as well as the impact of the current restrictive claims available to them. Alterations to existing approaches are also proposed to resurrect the common law right of employees to institute action against their employers.
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Stone, Michael H., and Margaret E. Stone. "Athletic Injuries: Incidence and Prevention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4493.

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Shorter, Kathleen A. "The pathomechanics of shoulder injuries in cricket bowlers." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2011. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/808/.

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Injury surveillance research has established that over 20 % of cricket injuries are related to the upper limb (Leary & White, 2000; Ranson & Gregory, 2008; Stretch, 2003), with bowlers associated altered rotational joint range of motion (Aginsky et al., 2004, BellJenje & Gray, 2005 and Stuelcken et al., 2008). As the applicability of such observations is limited, the aim of this thesis was to provide researchers with a greater understanding of the pathomechanics of shoulder injuries afflicting cricket bowlers though quantifying associated musculoskeletal adaptations and subsequently through the development and validation of a bowling specific kinematic model, establish the influence these may impart on bowling technique. The use of diagnostic ultrasound within the first experimental study in a cohort of bowlers without a history of shoulder injury, established a high prevalence of supraspinatus (45 %) and subscapularis (50 %) tendon pathology, providing insight into common musculotendinous pathology and adaptations that are indicative of the future potential of injury. Data presented within the second study aimed to first quantify the kinematics of the shoulder during the bowling delivery in relation to humerothoracic motion and, second, the influence of rotation sequence to described humerothoracic motion was investigated. Findings established that whilst the bowling delivery was associated with large variability, future research must acknowledge the contribution of the scapula to shoulder motion. As such, due to the complexity of quantifying shoulder motion during cricket bowling, the following three experimental studies evaluated and developed the CSBT shoulder model through modifying current methods. The mCAST method in conjunction with an acromion cluster, was established to not only reduce resultant RMSE associated with scapula landmarks by up to 0.016 m, but also increase the repeatability and robustness of reconstructing GHJ location using the SCoRE method. The emphasis of the final experimental study was to apply the CSBT shoulder model to establish the contribution of individual rotator cuff muscles to shoulder joint stability and, to identify phases of the bowling delivery which increases the risk of injury. This case study established that during the bowling delivery the shoulder experiences large multi-planar forces placing demand on musculature, in particular supraspinatus and Subscapularis to stabilise the joint. These findings in conjunction with those of the first experimental study, not only identify structures at risk of injury but also establish that for the effective formulation of injury prevention strategies the bowling delivery must be investigated in its entirety.

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Sane, Juha. "Maxillofacial and dental injuries in contact team sports." Helsinki : Käpylä Print Oy, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19274356.html.

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Rowell, S. L. "The aetiology of running injuries." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234742.

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Twizere, Janvier. "Epidemiology of soccer injuries in Rwanda: A need for physiotherapy intervention." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Being involved in soccer in Rwanda at both national and international level exposes soccer players to the risk of injury. The aim of this study was to identify common soccer injuries among the 1st and 2nd division soccer teams in Rwanda and to establish the need for physiotherapy intervention. This deals with the first two stages of injury prevention, which included identification and description of the extent of the problem and the identification of factors and mechanisms that play a part in the occurrence of injuries.

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Porteen, Shana L. Brekhus Wayne. "The art of recoverying benchmarking and identity salvaging among injured athletes /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7190.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on February 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Wayne Brekhus. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Hale, Trevor A. "The Experiences of Athletes Rehabilitating From Season Ending Injuries and Their Perceived Value of Psychological Interventions: Three Case Studies." Full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1988/1/Trevor_Hale_TESIS_Bound.pdf.

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Research has shown that athletes who sustain injury often experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depressed mood, and that a negative psychological state can have a detrimental effect on injury rehabilitation and return to sport. For the most part, researchers have focused on athletes who have experienced short to moderate term injuries. Few have addressed long-term injury rehabilitation (LTIR). This thesis focuses on athletes who had experienced season ending injuries. Each athlete (3) was interviewed (four times) and invited to participate in psychological interventions (e.g., psycho-educational and cognitive behavioural) throughout LTIR lasting at least nine months. Athletes’ experiences are reported as long, narrative case studies. While the case studies explore four broad themes (affect, coping, social support, and psychological interventions) the overall narratives articulate the coherence and discord among athletes’ LTIR experiences (e.g., the positive and negative consequences of social support, life stress, pain, affect; the value of psychological interventions; the therapeutic aspect of ‘just’ talking to someone; etc.). The intimate issues identified and lived by each participant are examined and discussed in relation to the pre-existing athletic injury literature. Complex and dynamic relationships among the variables (e.g., emotional and behavioural responses, social factors, and physiological aspects) proposed in integrated models of injury rehabilitation (e.g., biopsychosocial) emerged in these narratives. These integrated models outline the dynamic and interrelated responses athletes have in response to injury and are the maps that practitioners treating these athletes may use. The athletes’ stories presented here, therefore, express some of the common ground injured athletes travel and are also rich and full of unique personal experiences. In both senses, though, they depict the actual, dynamic, rough, and often lonely process of LTIR—they are the real-life territory that those maps only partially describe.

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Forssblad, Magnus. "A concept for treatment of sports related knee injuries /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-799-1/.

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Lui, Yuan Siang. "Developing sustained dual-drug therapy for tendon sports injuries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23739.

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Tendon plays an important role in regulating body locomotion and providing additional stability to the body. However, tendon is susceptible to injuries and the healing process could be devastating along with the several issues, namely adhesion formations, slow healing and failure at fixation sites, which have deferred the success of proper tendon healing via tendon tissue engineering. This dissertation thus aims to create a sustained dual-drug therapy to address these issues. For adhesion formation, naproxen sodium (NPS) has been shown to be able to avoid this symptom through inhibiting inflammation process.

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Lang, Kaitlyn Elizabeth. "The Lost Boys: Traumatic Brain Injuries in Action Sports." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/320013.

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Kinesiology
M.S.
The purpose of this study was to uncover the unique and devastating consequences of untreated head injuries in a population that self-monitors their return to play after an injury. The secondary purpose was to identify the general perceptions of head injuries in the action sports culture and the themes that are common challenges for action sport athletes during their TBI rehabilitation in order to examine the coping skills that were used during their attempt to return to their sport. Seven athletes were interviewed. The sports represented were snowboarding, BMX racing, BMX freestyle, and motocross. The interviews assessed the following concepts: injury experience, symptoms, recovery, perception of the sport, return to sport, personality factors, and perception of head injuries. The interviews were transcribed and coded by the researcher in order to identify common themes and perceptions. The results indicated that the high frequency of injuries in action sports contributes partially to the perception of head injuries. It is a part of the culture to ignore injuries and push through pain. While the athletes have found success with this method in the past, it takes personal experience to convince them that head injuries should not be treated in the same manner. Since many of the athletes were unaware of their exact medical diagnosis, the severity of their injuries were established by how much their symptoms affected their day-to-day life. Physical symptoms were the most commonly reported, but psychological symptoms had a greater affect on the participants' day-to-day life. Generally, the participants who returned to play had higher levels of self-efficacy and self-awareness than the athletes who were not able to return. However, it is unclear from the study if the athletes had high self-efficacy because they were able to return, or if they were able to return because of their pre-injury characteristics. There was also a general consensus among the participants that more support and awareness about brain injuries were needed in their sport.
Temple University--Theses

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Brooker, Heather. "Incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in professional dancers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32453.

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Background: Professional ballet dancers focus on the high levels of discipline, perfection and mobility to achieve the fluid, controlled lines of movement presented on the stage. Dancers undergo long hours of strenuous, repetitive training which increases the risk of developing overuse or traumatic injuries and may compromise the longevity of dancers' careers. Relevant research, particularly in the South African context, is needed to provide recommendations on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to musculoskeletal injuries in professional ballet dancers. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and their associated risk factors over a three-month period in adult female professional ballet dancers in South Africa. Specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study were: • To determine the incidence of traumatic and overuse injuries per 1000 dance hours over a three-month training and performance period in South African female professional ballet dancers; • To determine the relationships between a) Functional Lower Extremity Evaluation (FLEE) scores and injury incidence; b) intrinsic factors (amenorrhoea; body mass index; skinfold measurements; caloric intake) and injury incidence; and c) extrinsic factors (training hours; performance hours) and injury incidence respectively, in South African female professional ballet dancers. Methods: This study had a prospective, descriptive design. Eighteen female dancers were recruited from professional dance companies in the Gauteng, Western Cape and North West provinces of South Africa. Data were collected over a three-month period and included a subjective questionnaire, three-day food diary, skinfold measurements and the Functional Lower Extremity Evaluation (FLEE). Injuries were reported using an injury reporting form over the three-month period. Results: Participants had an average age of 22.1 ± 3.0 years. The dancers had an average BMI of 21.4 ± 2.1 kg.m⁻²; LBM of 41.7 ± 4.9 kg and body fat percentage of 24.7% ± 2.9%. Injury incidence was 3.3 injuries per 1000 dance hours with a total of 4605.58 hours reported overall. Of the 15 injuries reported, 13 occurred in the lower limb, with eight in the ankle and foot. Overuse injuries accounted for 93.3% of the total injuries, with only one traumatic injury reported. None of the descriptive characteristics was associated with increased injury risk. The average caloric intake of 1810.0 ± 503.7 calories, while lower than what is recommended for female athletes, also showed no significant relationship to injury. There were also no significant associations between pre-injury FLEE measurements and training loads; and injury incidence over the course of the study. Conclusion: An overall injury incidence of 3.3 injuries per 1000 dance hours was found in professional female ballet dancers in South Africa, which is higher than the injury incidences identified in previous studies in high-income countries. With regards to injury profile, overuse injuries are 86% more prevalent than traumatic injuries among this population type. We were unable to identify any intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors associated with injury incidence; however, we recognise the limitations of the small sample size in this study. With a high level of injury incidence and inconclusive results on injury risk factors, there is a clear need for significant further research in the field of injury prevention in professional ballet dancing. Further, this study identified a strong need for further research in South African dance companies to facilitate injury prevention and management in South Africa.

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Bunyan, John V. "The perceived impact of social support received from coaches of injured college athletes." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999bunyanj.pdf.

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de, Roos Jordy Anterio. "Conversion of the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score – Physical Shortform into a Video Format." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29255.

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Introduction Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are an integral part of evidence-based medicine and provide the necessary information for clinicians to make decisions in patient management. The Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) was developed to assess patients’ perception of their knee’s function. Yet, there are cultural and language barriers, when implementing PROMs in a setting for which it was not originally designed, particularly in low-middle income countries with low levels of education. To address these challenges, the study introduces a video version of the KOOS-PS with the aim to validate it in a local setting. Methods This is a validation study of a video version of the KOOS-PS against various other knee scores. The KOOS-PS was converted into videos and a Likert scale in form of icons was used as grading system. The videos were reviewed by a panel for acceptance and comprehensibility. Second, the video score was tested in a prospective study against other internationally accepted and validated knee PROMs. Patients were recruited from both the public and private sectors of healthcare. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s Alpha were used for psychometric testing. Results The mean time taken to complete the video score was 79 seconds. Internal consistency received an excellent Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.89. Reproducibility received a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of r=0.91 which illustrates there was no significant difference. Pearson Correlation coefficients between the converted video score and other validated scores indicated high correlation. Conclusion This is the first validation study that converts a written PROM into a video format. The results show that the video score is reliable, acceptable, and valid, and can therefore be used in clinical practice.

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Curtis, Vernon Glen Lagrotteria. "Incidence of football injuries in different age groups at a professional football club." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7312_1205416141.

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Football is the most popular sport in the world, and it continues to have a progressive annual increase in the number of active players and the number of games played per season, which in turn, leads to an increase in the frequency of injuries. Football is extensively researched worldwide, however, some current studies confirm that the results on football injury factors are limited, as well as inconsistent and incomplete. The main aim of this study was to examine interrelating factors of football injuries through the various age groups at a designated football club. The study aimed to expose the injury risk factors and patterns present in the various age groups.

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Roux, Charles E. "The epidemiology of schoolboy rugby injuries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24651.

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Schoolboy rugby injuries are a cause for concern in medical and non-medical circles, but few scientific investigations into their nature and frequency have been undertaken. The majority of reported rugby injury surveys are retrospective, have considered only specific injuries, or have reported only those seen at one location. Also, most studies have not distinguished minor injuries from major injuries. A pilot study conducted at one school in Cape Town during the 1982 rugby season, showed clear patterns of injury related to the age of players, their level of competition, playing position, the stage of the rugby season and the phase of play at the time of injury (Nathan et al. 198 3) . The studies as reported in this thesis were designed as a comprehensive follow-up study. The research methods and definition were similar but a much larger sample was studied and new areas not covered by the pilot study were introduced. During two 18-week seasons, in which approximately 4 700 players from 26 high schools played 6766 rugby matches, 905 players were prevented from participating in rugby for at least one week due to injury. The incidence and nature of injuries occurring to these players were followed in a prospective study and results were analysed for: (i) overall number and incidence of injured players; (ii) age-group and playing level; (iii) time of the season; (iv) phase of play; (v) playing position; (vi) type of injury; (vii) anatomical site; (viii) specific diagnoses; (ix) match vs practice injuries; (x) number of days off rugby; and (xi) medical treatment. The use of correspondence as a survey method resulted in 40 to 50% of injuries not being reported over the two-year period of the study. It appeared that the most accurate method of data collection was direct personal contact between the researcher and the injured player.

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Van, Heerden Jacobus C. (Jacobus Christoffel). "The implementation of a model for the rehabilitation of sports injuries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51984.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken with the aim of developing and implementing a model for the rehabilitation of sports injuries. Injury is, without a doubt, one of the most significant obstacles to athletic performance. Very few, if any, athletes escape injury and it seems that regardless of experience and ability, all physically active individuals are prone to injury at some stage of their careers. The ability to resist injury and to rehabilitate well when injury does occur is fundamental to longevity in sport. Previous injury rehabilitation interventions commonly addressed only the physiological dimensions of injury, excluding the psychological dimensions. Only very recently has there been a shift in focus to include psychological principles in the treatment procedures, with Heil (1993) and Pargman (1993a) some of the first authors to publish works on the subject. A comprehensive literature review was done. In the first chapter attention was paid to the role of personality in injury occurrence and rehabilitation outcome, with special emphasis on the model of stress and athletic injury of Andersen and Williams (1993). An extension to this model, taking into account the role of personality, coping resources, cognitions, interventions and other injury and treatment related factors in the rehabilitation process was added by Grove (1993). The next chapter was devoted to the causes and stresses of sports injuries. Topics that were covered include the over-training syndrome, understanding injuries from the athlete's, physician's and psychologist's points of view and a study of what exactly the stresses involved in athletic injury are. Special attention was paid to the concept of pain and all its dimensions, the social well-being of the injured athlete and the impact of injury on the athlete's self-concept and identity. In the following chapter psychological adjustment to athletic injury was discussed. The concepts of loss and grief and applicability of grief response models in particular were discussed. In response to grief response models, cognitive appraisal models (Brewer, 1994) and an integrated model by Wiese-Bjomstal et al. (1998) were also discussed. Attention was given to the factors associated with rehabilitation adherence with particular remarks on malingering athletes. Peer modelling as a coping strategy in injury rehabilitation also came under scrutiny, as did the role and effect of social support. The next chapter focused on the development of the service-provider model for sports injury rehabilitation. From the initial literature review it was clear that of all the treatment providers involved with injured athletes, physiotherapists and biokineticians (athletic trainers) are probably those who spend the most time with them. In the development of the model for injury rehabilitation, special emphasis was therefore placed on the role of the physiotherapist and biokineticians. As a basis for developing the model, the traditional medical model was used, but it was adapted to incorporate psychological principles. A computer program was written to assist physiotherapists and biokineticians in treating injured athletes through the use of psychological principles. This program was constructed using psychological instruments that already exist, but they were adapted to be used as non-pen and paper tests. The tests used were the Emotional Responses of Athletes to Injury Questionnaire (ERAIQ), the Incredibly Short POMS (ISP), a Pain Drawing Instrument, a Visual Analogue Scale and the Affective subscale of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Provision was made for handouts to be included in the program which can then be given to patients after each therapy session. To be able to determine whether the program was successful in assisting physiotherapists and biokineticians in their treatment of injured athletes, the program was evaluated in the next chapter. Feedback from both patients, physiotherapists and biokineticians using the program were received. Two short questionnaires were used for this purpose. Finally, conclusions were drawn from the information received from the program and recommendations based on these conclusions were made. Key words: Sports injuries, injury rehabilitation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die huidige studie was die ontwikkeling en implementering van 'n model vir die rehabilitasie van sportbeserings. Beserings is, sonder twyfel, van die belangrikste struikelblokke in die weg van sportprestasie. Baie min, indien enige, atlete spring beserings vry. Dit wil ook voorkom of alle fisiek aktiewe individue, ongeag hulle ondervinding en vermoë, op een of ander stadium van hulle loopbane 'n besering opdoen. Fundamenteel aan volgehoue deelname aan sport, is die vermoë om beserings te vermy en om atlete suksesvol te rehabiliteer indien 'n besering welopgedoen word. In die verlede het rehabilitasie-intervensies hoofsaaklik die fisieke dimensies van beserings aangespreek sonder inagname van die sielkundige dimensies. Slegs on1angs het daar 'n klemverskuiwing begin plaasvind deurdat daar begin is om sielkundige beginsels in te sluit in behandelingsprosedures. Heil (1993) en Pargman (1993a) was van die eerste skrywers wat werke oor hierdie onderwerp gepubliseer het. 'n Uitgebreide literatuuroorsig is onderneem. In die eerste hoofstuk was aandag geskenk aan die rol wat persoon1ikheid speel in die voorkoms van beserings en die suksesvolle rehabilitasie daarvan, met spesiale klem op Andersen en Williams (1993) se model van stres en sportbeserings. Hierdie model is deur Grove (1993) uitgebrei deur inagname van die rol van persoon1ikheid, hanteringsvaardighede, kognisies, intervensies en ander beserings- en behandeling-verwante faktore in die rehabilitasieproses. Die volgende hoofstuk was gewy aan die oorsake van, en die stres verbonde aan, beserings. Onderwerpe wat aangespreek is, het ingesluit die ooroefeningsindroom, begrip van beserings soos gesien vanuit die atleet, medikus en sielkundige se oogpunte, asook presies watter faktore stres tydens beserings veroorsaak. Spesiale aandag is aan die konsep van pyn en al sy dimensies, die sosiale welstand van die beseerde atleet en die impak van beserings op die selfkonsep en identiteit van die atleet geskenk. In die volgende hoofstuk is die sielkundige aanpassing by beserings bespreek. Die konsepte van "verlies" en ''rou'' en die toepaslikheid van rouresponsmodelle in besonder, is bespreek. In antwoord op rou responsmodelle is kognitiewe waarderingsmodelle (Brewer, 1994) en die geïntegreerde model van Wiese-Bjornstal et al. (1998) bespreek. Aandag is ook geskenk aan faktore wat 'n rol in volgehoue deelname aan rehabilitasieprosedures speel, met klem op atlete met skynsiektes. Navolging van voorbeelde deur eweknieë as 'n hanteringsvaardigheid is ondersoek, asook die rol en effek van sosiale ondersteuning. Die volgende hoofstuk het gefokus op die ontwikkeling van die diensleweraar-model vir sportbeseringrehabilitasie. Vanuit die aanvanklike literatuuroorsig het dit geblyk dat van al die persone betrokke by die behandeling van beseerde atlete, dit waarskynlik fisioterapeute en biokinetici is wat die langste by hulle betrokke is. Tydens die ontwikkeling van die model vir rehabilitasie van beserings, is as basis die tradisionele mediese model gebruik, maar met sekere aanpassings om sielkundige beginsels in te sluit. 'n Rekenaarprogram is geskryf om fisioterapeute en biokinetici te ondersteun in die behandeling van beseerde atlete. Die program het gebruik gemaak van bestaande psigometriese toetse, maar dit was aangepas om as nie-potlood-en-papiertoetse gebruik te kan word. Die toetse wat gebruik is, is die Emotional Responses of Athletes to Injury Questionnaire (ERAIQ), die Incredibly Short POMS (ISP), 'n pyntekeninginstrument, 'n visueelanaloogskaal en die affektiewe subskaal van die McGill Pain Questionnaire. Voorsiening is gemaak na afloop van elke behandelingsessie om uitdeelstukke aan pasiënte beskikbaar te stel. Om te bepaal of die program suksesvol was om fisioterapeute en biokinetici tydens behandeling van beseerde atlete te ondersteun, is die program in die volgende hoofstuk kortliks geëvalueer. Terugvoer vanaf beide die pasiënte, fisioterapeute en biokinetici wat die program gebruik het, is verkry. Twee kort vraelyste is vir dié doel gebruik. Laastens is gevolgtrekkings op grond van die terugvoer gemaak en aanbevelings vir aanpassings is gedoen. Sleutelwoorde: Sportbeserings, rehabilitasie

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Hash, N. Regina. "Test re-test reliability of the UNC functional performance test." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10196.

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Bennington, Katherine Elizabeth. "Assessment of football activities associated with sports-related concussions." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1239144091.

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Sandstedt, Scott D. "Post-injury psychological characteristics and adherence to severe sport injury rehabilitation protocols /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144453.

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Finkelstein, Melissa. "The scrum-down on brain damage effects of cumulative mild head injury in rugby: a comparison of group mean scores between national rugby players and non-contact sport controls." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002485.

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The present study comprises the second phase of a larger and ongoing research study investigating the brain damage effects of cumulative mild head injury in rugby. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cumulative mild head injury sustained in the game of rugby would cause brain injury as evidenced by impaired performance on sensitive neuropsychological tests. Participants were Springbok professional rugby players (n = 26), Under 21 rugby players (n = 19), and a non-contact sport control of national hockey players (n = 21). Comparisons of performance were carried out across a spectrum of neuropsychological tests for the three rugby groups (Total Rugby, Springbok Rugby, and Under 21 Rugby) versus the performance of the non-contact sport control group (Hockey Control), as well as comparisons of performance f9r the subgroups of Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. Comparisons revealed a consistent pattern of poorer performance across all rugby groups relative to the performance of the controls on tests highly sensitive to the effects of diffuse brain damage. Within rugby group comparisons (Forwards versus Backs) showed significantly poorer performance for Total Rugby Forwards and Springbok Rugby Forwards relative to the performance of the respective Total Rugby Backs and Springbok Rugby Backs on sensitive, as well as on somewhat less sensitive, neuropsychological tests. The performance of Under 21 Rugby Forwards relative to Under 21 Rugby Backs demonstrated similar trends. Brain reserve capacity theory was used as a conceptual basis for discussing the implications of these findings.

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Bergandi, Thomas A. "Attentional style as a predictor of athletic injury." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/414555.

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Stiller, Jennifer Lynn. "An evaluation of an educational intervention in psychology of injury for athletic training students." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008. http://www.oregonpdf.org/index.cfm.

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Lombard, Rene Naylor. "Preseason risk factors associated with hamstring injuries in club rugby players." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3018.

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Ramathesele, Jonas Ramorwesi. "The epidemiology of injuries in South African high school soccer players." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26544.

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The aim of the study was to document the epidemiology of injuries sustained by South African high school soccer players. Subjects for the study were selected from all the high schools (n = 10) in Tembisa (Gauteng, South Africa). A cohort of 227 high school soccer players, representing all the players in the Tembisa schools, was followed over one playing season. All practice and match hours were recorded and specific injury report forms were completed by all the coaches. All injured players were then referred to the principal investigator (JR) for detailed examination to document injuries. Factors such as pre-season training, warm-up, stretching, playing surface, environmental factors, and the use of protective equipment were also recorded. In this study, 63% of all the players sustained an injury during the season (seasonal incidence). The overall incidence of injuries was 9.04/1000 hours of play. The incidence in matches was 274 times higher than in practice. More than half (57%) of the injuries were classified as moderate. The highest incidence of injury per player position was in goalkeepers (13.7/1000 hours play). The lower extremity accounted for most injuries (88.8%), principally the ankle (42.4%) and the knee (27.1%). The most common type of injury was a ligamentous sprain (68%), followed by musculotendinous strains (15.8%). There were only two joint dislocations, and no fractures. All the participants in this study played on gravel pitches and on no occasion was a first-aid kit available. The majority of players were not aware of appropriate stretching, warm-up, and strapping techniques to prevent injuries. None of the players engaged in any form of pre-season training. In two of the schools (20%) the soccer coaches had formal training with coaching certification. Although the injury rate in high school soccer players in this study is only slightly higher than that reported · by others, it is clear that scientifically based measures of injury prevention (pre-season training, warm-up, stretching, and strapping) need to be implemented in these schools. In addition, proper sports and first-aid facilities should be provided, and coaches should receive formal continuous training.

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Holtzhausen, Louis Johannes. "The epidemiology of injuries in professional rugby union in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26510.

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The first aim of this study was therefore to review the available literature on the epidem iology of injuries in professional rugby. The second aim was to collect data on medical profiles, previous injuries, use of protective gear, medication and nutritional supplements in South African professional rugby players. Thirdly, the incidence, nature and circumstances surrounding injuries in a cohort of professional South African rugby players were documented. The data collected was compared with available literature.

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Millson, Helen. "Bone stress injuries in the lower back of cricket fast bowlers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3020.

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Gisslén, Karl. "The patellar tendon in junior elite volleyball players and an Olympic elite weightlifter /." Umeå : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-940.

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Lodics, Danielle. "The impact of injuries on Division III student-athletes /." Full text available online, 2009. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.

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Romiti, Maria Assunta Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "A prospective cohort study of the incidence of injuries among junior Australian football participants over a football season." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26145.

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Background: There is currently a lack of investigation of injuries in junior sport, compared to that of adult cohorts. Consequently, very few published studies have demonstrated the incidence of injuries among young participants of Australian football. The aim of this study was to determine the current rate of injury in junior Australian football, and describe the patterns and severity of these injuries across all levels of play, compared to those of McMahon et al. [1]. Methods: The Junior Australian Football Safety Study was completed during 2004 using teams from New South Wales and Victoria across nine levels of play (U9 to U18). Participation and injury data were collected prospectively from all games and training sessions by Primary Data Collectors. The region, nature and cause of injury were collected on injuries that were defined in accordance with a previous 1993 study. Injury severity was identified by the action of players immediately after the injury event. Results: Overall, 40,208 hours of exposure were recorded with an injury rate of 18.0 injuries per 1,000 player hours (95% CI=16.6-19.3). Hand/finger injuries were common among all players. The main causes of injury were body contact (67%), other contact (12%) and game movement (10%). There was an increase in the frequency of sprains and strains, and injury severity with level of play. Of the injuries where the player left the field of play, 63% were able to return to participation. The rates of injury for players who did not continue participation or were advised to seek further medical aid were low. Only 28% of all injured players were advised to seek medical treatment with few injuries taken to hospital (5%). Conclusion: An observed reduction of injury rate in the U15 level of play compared to a similar 1993 study (McMahon et al.), suggests that safe game development at the junior level is likely to have been effective over the past decade. Implications for future skill development include the introduction of incidental body contact skills with further ball-handling skill development in young players, and the introduction of proprioception exercises for players at higher levels of play.

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Chagonda, E. "A comparison of injuries sustained on artificial and natural soccer turfs among premier soccer league football players in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97235.

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Background: The International Football Federation (FIFA), through their Goal project, renovated Rufaro stadium from natural turf (NT) to artificial turf (AT). This was met with mixed feelings especially with regard to injuries sustained by football players. There is no published scientific data on football injuries in Zimbabwe. Aim: To determine the frequency of injuries on AT and NT among Premier Soccer League (PSL) players in Zimbabwe. Objectives: To determine the attitudes of players regarding the different football playing surfaces, and the incidence, severity and injury types on AT and NT. Methods: The 2013 season's16 PSL teams were selected to complete questionnaires and injury report forms. Injuries recorded during matches on AT and NT were analyzed. Outcome measures were injury incidence (injuries/1000 player hours (Phrs) of exposure)compared for AT and NT using rate ratios (95% confidence intervals). All statistical significance were set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 325 players responded and 295(90.8%) preferred playing on NT. Of these, 250(76.9%) believed that AT was associated with more injuries. A total of 364 injuries occurred during 4455phrs of exposure giving an injury incidence of 81.7 injuries/1000phrs.A total of 69 games (1138.5phrs) on AT revealed an injury incidence of 85.2 injuries/1000phrs while 201 games (3316.5 phrs) on NT revealed an overall incidence of 80.51 injuries/1000-hrs.This analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the incidence of injury between AT and NT surfaces during matches played, [RR= 1.06; 95% CI: 0.84 – 1.34]. With regard to injury severity, the highest incidence occurred on the AT (31.62/1000phrs in the mild category) and the lowest incidence was on the NT (1.81/1000 phrs in the severe category) .The rate ratios for the severity were however not statistically significant. Comparison of the injuries according to body part injured largely revealed insignificant rate ratios. Conclusion: Football players believe that the AT is associated with increased risk of injury. There was no significant difference in injury incidence rates and severity between the AT and NT during the 2013 PSL season in Zimbabwe. The incidence of injury in this study was much higher than comparable European studies and is a need for further studies to explore the underlying reasons for this.

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Skarp, Helena. "Sailor for life, Injuries for life? : a study about sailing related injuries among dinghy sailors in Sweden." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-932.

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Aim

The purpose of this project has been to research injuries among elite sailors in single handed dinghies in Sweden. The intention was to find the most common injuries in relation to age groups, compare male and females and look into how common preventative training is.

Method

The chosen methods for this project were quantitative and qualitative. Questionnaires were sent out by email to 120 sailors where 42 chose to participate. Swedish elite sailors in single handed dinghies were targeted in age 13 to >28. Two interviews were performed with one experienced coach and physiotherapist. Two question templates were prepared to capture their expertise in the area following a main theme. Interviews were completed over internet (Skype).

Results

The researched showed that 76% have had one or more sailing related injuries in their sailing career. The most common injury is knee injury, followed by back injury which together calculated for over 50% of all injuries. The main type of injury for sailors is overuse injury that develop over time. There was a significant difference between male and female in injury frequency where males tend to injure themselves more often. 30% of males have injured themselves eight times or more. Both male and female showed knees as the most common injury. The majority of sailors, 75% of males and 78% of females, do regularly or sometimes perform specific training. Research showed that 80% of sailors warm up before sailing, either regularly or sometimes. The most strenuous manoeuvre identified was 'knees while hiking'.

Conclusions

The majority of sailors, 76%, have had injuries in their sailing careers. Knees and back were the most pronounced injuries and can be categorised as overuse injuries that develop over time. There are indications of injuries starting in an early age and lack of training knowledge might be a factor. Females have greater discrepancy of injuries however males tend to injure themselves more often, although more males than females perform specific training to prevent or rehabilitate an injury. The majority of sailors, 80% of males and 60% of females believed their injuries could have been prevented by more knowledge and proper training.

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Haithem, Nasr. "Facilitators and barriers influencing the implementation of injury prevention strategies among clubs at the University of the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6483.

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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)
Introduction: The majority of University of the Western Cape coaches believe that in most sport codes, many female and male athletes get injured at least once a season. Consequently, occurrence of injuries signifies many set-backs in any team sports. University of the Western Cape sports injury intervention and rehabilitation strategies are relatively under-developed, and have not been systematically implemented, despite their proven effectiveness. However, due to intensive training, local and national league competitions, the number of injured athletes at University of the Western Cape has increased, and so delays of athletes’ recovery are caused. Thus, it is assumed that University of the Western Cape efforts may have lack of the necessary injury precautions on prevention and rehabilitation such as proactive injury treatment, paying special attention to the therapeutic process, including other necessary mechanisms. The current study has explored facilitating factors and some of the barriers on the implementation of injury prevention strategies, and determined the effectiveness of rehabilitation within University of the Western Cape sport teams in views of athletes, coaches, and medical staff. Methods: This study used a sequential exploratory design which entailed an initial phase of quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by a phase of qualitative data collection and analysis. This study used a close-ended survey and semi-structured interviews to identify the barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of injury prevention strategies among sports clubs at the University of the Western Cape. Results: Data were collected on the general knowledge of players and team coaches about injury prevention as well as their sources of information regarding injury prevention. Football players were 49.5% while 15.8% were basketball players in this study. Cricket players were 10.9% while rugby players were 9.9%. Sources of players’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, coaches and the media. Sources of coaches’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, media and seminars. Most players and coaches agreed that there is a greater chance of sustaining an injury during a competitive match than during training. Players and coaches also agree that the risk of injury is reduced by wearing preferred protective clothing and thoroughly warming up and stretching prior to training or competition. Barriers to the implementation of an injury prevention strategy include not having enough time, being too tired after training, no advice given on such techniques, the notion that nobody else does it and lack of proper equipment. Facilitators of an injury prevention strategy include availability of medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists), players’ understanding of the coach’s instructions, and injury prevention facilities at University of the Western Cape, services accessibility and quality, injury discovery and follow-up, and injury prevention policy at University of the Western Cape. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: (i) Intervention directed at players and coaches in the form of health promotion programmes through education to increase their knowledge and support in implementation of all prevention strategies either in training or in competition; (ii) Governing bodies at University of the Western Cape should develop and disseminate written sports safety policies and guidelines and supervise clubs in their development programmes.

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Creagh, Una B. "Physiological stresses in female orienteering." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319849.

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38

Driscoll, Erin M. "Health Care for Rural High School Athletes: Injury Rates, Risk Factors, and Implications: A Preliminary Analysis." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187377942.

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Roos, Harald. "Exercise, knee injury and osteoarthrosis." Lund : Dept. of Orthopedics, University Hospital, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=c25sAAAAMAAJ.

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Stein, Michael Ashley. "The development of employer/employee liability for personal injuries during the reign of Victoria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625023.

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41

Loutsch, Jacqueline A. "Perceived social support systems during athletic injury recovery in collegiate club sport athletes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5180.

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Smith, Terrance J. "Foot and Ankle Injuries: Artificial Turf vs. Natural grass." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1470240556.

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43

Philo, John C. "Health & safety rights and transnational liability for harm." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101826.

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Safety and health is a basic human need and when not met, exacts costs that prevent societies from realizing development goals. Injury is increasing as a leading cause of death and disability. As the result of advances in public health knowledge and safety engineering technology, accidents and other injury events are often preventable. Injuries result from identifiable determinants and conditions that create exposure to identifiable hazards. By controlling hazards, the toll of injury can be reduced.
International trade and investment can create conditions that increase or diminish the global injury burden. International institutions and national governments face the question of how to protect safety and health rights and reduce the injury burden in a world of increasingly global business activity. International institutions do not yet provide comprehensive regulation for exported harms. In common law nations, liability through formal law plays an important role in regulating conditions that can lead to injury. In such nations, private law can play an important role in filling segments of the regulatory gap relating to exported harms.

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Gentles, Jeremy A. "Reducing Injuries is NOT Enough – It Also Helps to Win." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3983.

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45

Hui, Man-yam. "Property owners' liability for personal injuries claims for damages change in risk perception after albert house case /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37937868.

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46

Greybe, Rykie. "Risk factors for lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in novice runners: a prospective study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15523.

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The aim of this study was to identify the possible risk factors for the development of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in novice runners. The specific objectives of this study were: (a) to describe the demographic and training characteristics of novice runners; (b) to establish the incidence of self-reported running-related injuries in novice runners; (c) to determine if specific intrinsic factors, namely age, gender, body mass index, quadriceps angle, foot alignment, hamstring flexibility, balance, muscle power and a history of previous injury were risk factors for lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in novice runners; and (d) to determine if specific extrinsic factors, namely training frequency, session duration, and intensity were risk factors for developing lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in novice runners.

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47

Scorgie, Inneke. "The epidemiology of injuries in competitive adolescent swimmers attending a Johannesburg swim squad." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21381.

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Background: Swimming is a popular competitive and recreational sport performed worldwide by all generations. Although swimming is associated with many positive health benefits, swimmers are at risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries. In particular, competitive swimmers may be at increased risk of injury, due to regular participation in demanding training regimes. Adolescent swimmers may be at increased risk of injury due to physiological and biological vulnerability associated with growth and development. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the epidemiology of injuries in competitive adolescent swimmers. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between injury incidence and potential risk factors in adolescent swimmers over a 24 - week period. Specific Objectives: (a) To describe the demographic and training characteristics of competitive adolescent swimmers; (b) to establish the incidence and nature of self - reported swimming - related injuries in competitive adolescent swimmers; (c) to determine if any specific intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors were associated with increased risk of injury in competitive adolescent swimmers. Methods: Twenty three competitive adolescent swimmers aged 12 to 18 years were recruited for the study. Swimmers attended a study information session and parents/legal guardians were emailed information sheets and informed consent forms. All participants brought signed informed consent forms from parents/legal guardians to the baseline data collection session. At baseline testing participants signed their own informed assent forms and completed the baseline questionnaire, anthropometry measurements, glenohumeral range of movement measurements, the Beighton score and glenohumeral and knee muscle strength measurements. Participants were advised on how to complete the electronic injury report and training questionnaire. A familiarisation trial - run of the survey was completed in the week following baseline testing. Formal data collection commenced two weeks after baseline testing. Participants were required to submit the injury report and training questionnaire on a weekly basis for the 24 - week study period. Results: The mean age for commencement of swimming training in both the injured and uninjured groups was approximately 7.5 years. The injured group had significantly decreased subscapularis muscle strength (p = 0.02) and significantly higher average training session distances (p = 0.04), compared to the uninjured group. Fourteen participants (60%) sustained injuries during the 24 - week study period. The injury rate was 22.4 per 1 000 athletic exposures (AE's). Sixty injuries were sustained in total; 16 were index, and 44 were recurrent injuries. The most common injury location was the knee joint (n = 20). The only factors associated with increased injury risk in this study were previous injury history (OR: 7.50; 95% CIs 1.02 - 55.00) and reduced percentage of time in breaststroke training (OR: 12.83; 95% C I s: 1.69 - 97.19). Few swimming training sessions were modified or changed due to injury, and the majority of injurie s did not receive any treatment. Conclusion The injury incidence of adolescent competitive swimmers attending a Johannesburg - based swim squad is high. In addition, the high number of recurrent injuries, the minimal adaptation of training loads in response to injury, and the low access to appropriate treatment suggest a lack of knowledge or poor practices regarding swimming - related injuries. Pre - season screening, specific to swimming, could assist in identifying weakness and potential risk factors for injury in this vulnerable age - group. Improving health literacy with education in swimmers, coaches and parents could reduce future injury incidence rates. Therefore, further research is needed regarding injury incidence, risk factors and training profiles of this population. Moreover, consensus regarding injury definitions and training loads in adolescent swimmers is needed to standardise reporting and to facilitate further research in this field.

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48

Walker, Archibald Brian. "A sports injury clinic : a five year experience." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310348.

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Sole, Christopher J., Ashley A. Kavanaugh, and Michael H. Stone. "Injuries in Collegiate Women’s Volleyball: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4648.

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A four-year retrospective analysis of injury data was conducted on a collegiate (NCAA Division I) women’s volleyball team. Twenty athletes (Year 1: age = 19.4 ± 0.9 y, height = 175.2 ± 5.1 cm, body mass = 70.5 ± 10.2 kg; Year 2: age = 20.1 ± 1.0 y, height = 175.7 ± 4.7 cm, body mass = 69.5 ± 10.1 kg; Year 3: age = 20.1 ± 1.4 y, height = 173.8 ± 6.3 cm, body mass = 69.9 ± 10.8 kg; Year 4: age = 19.5 ± 1.4 y, height = 174.4 ± 8.6 cm, body mass = 72.7 ± 10.8 kg) participated in this study, accounting for 1483 total training exposures. Injury was defined as any damage to a body part, incurred during volleyball or strength and conditioning-related activities, which interfered with training and/or competition. Injury rate was normalized to the number of athletes and exposure and expressed as injuries per 1000 exposures. A total of 133 injuries were recorded. The most common injury was to the knee (left = 7.5%, right = 12.0%). Injuries occurred most often in volleyball practice (75.2%), followed by competition (20.3%), and strength and conditioning-related activities (4.5%). Non-contact injuries (upper body = 26.3%, lower body = 53.4%) were more common than contact injuries (upper-body = 13.5%, lower-body = 6.8%). An examination of injury rates relative to the training year revealed patterns in injury occurrence. Specifically, spikes in injury rate were consistently observed during periods of increased training volume that were preceded by breaks in organized training, such as the early pre-season and off-season training periods.

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Matthews, Catherine L. "Do injuries that happen in London stay in London? college and university liability for injuries to students participating in off-campus curricular programs /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344620.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Higher Education, School of Education, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 6, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0498. Adviser: John P. Bean.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Liability for sports injuries'

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